专题04  语法-2023-2024学年五年级英语寒假专项提升练习（外研版三起）

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复习指引
语法知识一：一般过去时
一般过去时的概念：
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year,yesterday等。
例：I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。
一般过去时的结构：
肯定形式：主语+动词过去式+其他
例：She ften came t help us in thse days.
否定形式：①was/were+nt;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
例：I didn't knw yu like cffee.
一般疑问句：①Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他?②Was/Were+主语+表语?
例：-Did yu g t Beijing last week?
-Yes,we did.(N,we didn't.)
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
例：-What did yu d last night?
-I did my hmewrk.
语法知识二：规则动词过去式变化规则
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。
如：lk-lked。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。
如：live-lived。
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节(辅元辅结构),先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。
如：stp-stpped。
④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i,然后再加-ed。
如：study-studied。
语法知识三：There be句型
There be句型的用法：
表示某个地方存在某物或某人，Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。(单数is复数are)
例：There is a table in the rm.房间里有一张桌子。There are sme birds in the tree.树上有很多鸟。
一、There be句型的结构
1.常见句型结构：
(一)There is+单数可数+地点状语
例：There is a ruler n the desk.书桌上有一把尺。
(二)There are+复数主语+地点状语
例：There are fur apples n the tree.树上有四个苹果。There are sme flwers in the park.公园里有许多花。
(三)there is +不可数名词+地点状语(即使有sme也是单数)例：There is sme water in the bttle.瓶子里有一些水。(水是不可数名词)
2.There be选择就近原则：
There be句型的就近原则是There be句型中语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由最挨近的一项的单复数决定。如：There is a pen,tw bks and many pencils n the desk.
(解读：在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen,因此，be动词用单数is。)
二、There be句型的疑问句及回答
(一)There be句型的一般疑问句
1.在“There is/are…”的一般疑问句中，要把Be动词放在there之前，并将句号变问号。 (难点：句中出现的sme要改成any。)
2.肯定回答为：Yes,there is/are.
3.否定回答为：N,there isn't/aren't.
(二)There be句型的特殊疑问句
There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：
①对主语提问：当主语是人时，用\"Wh\'s+介词短语?\";
当主语是物时，用\"What\'s +介词短语?\"。
注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时却要根据实际情况来决定。
②对地点状语提问：提问地点用"Where is/are+主语?\"
③对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
Hw many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
Hw much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
例：Hw many peple are there in the picture?Hw much water is there in the bttle ?
三、There be句型的否定形式
否定形式只要在be动词后面加nt即可，is nt =isn't;are nt=aren't但要注意的是句中如果出现sme则改成any.
1.肯定：There is a knife in the kitchen.
否定：There is nt a knife in the kitchen.
2.肯定：There are five apples n the tree.
否定：There are nt five apples n the tree.
3.肯定：There is sme water in the bttle.
否定：There is nt any water in the bttle.
4.肯定：There are sme birds singing in the tree.
否定：There are nt any birds singing in the tree.
语法知识四：情态动词
一、情态动词的定义：
情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。
二、小学阶段需要掌握的知识点：
1.can,culd(过去式)
Can +主语+动词原形?
1)表示能力。
Can yu dance?你会跳舞吗?
Can yu speak English?你会讲英语吗?
注：Can只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
2)表示请求和允许。
-Can l g play? 我可以去玩吗?
-Yes,yu can./N,yu can't.
3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
There can be at least 50 peple in this classrm.
4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
Hw can this be true?
2.may,might
1)表示请求和允许。
● might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。
-Might/May I smke in this rm?我可以在这吸烟吗?-N,yu mustn't.不，不可以。
-May/Might I take this bk ut f the rm?-Yes,yu can.(N,yu can't/mustn't.)
●用May l…?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can l…?在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May yu succeed!
3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
● might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.He may /might be very busy nw.
2.Yur mther may /might nt knw the truth.
3.must
Must +主语+动词原形?
1)表示必须、必要。
例：Yu must cme in time.
●在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不准),而用needn't,dn't have t(不必).
-Must we hand in ur exercise bks tday?
-Yes,yu must.
-N,yu dn't have t /yu needn't.
2)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1.Yu're Tm's gd friend, s yu must knw what he likes best.
2.Yur mther must be waiting fr yu nw.
4.shuld,shuldn't表示劝告：Shuld +主语+动词原形?
Shuld +主语+动词原形?
1.He shuld get up early.
2.Yu shuld g t class right away.
5.Wuld表示建议“你愿意…吗”
-Wuld yu like t g shpping with me?
-Yes,I'd lve t./I'd lve t.But I'm busy nw.
真题回顾
一、选择题。
( )1．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）I ______ my ice cream n yur shes yesterday.
A．drpB．drpedC．drpped
( )2．（22-23上·海南省直辖县级单位·五年级统考期末）What did yu d ______ the weekend?
A．fB．inC．at
( )3．（22-23上·海南省直辖县级单位·五年级统考期末）I ______ my pencil. Can I use yur pencil, Lingling?
A．lstB．needC．like
( )4．（22-23上·海南省直辖县级单位·五年级统考期末）—Did yu buy ______ apples fr yur brther, Xialin?
—Yes, I did. He likes apples very much.
A．smeB．aC．any
( )5．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）—Are yu feeling bred?
—______
A．Yes, she is.B．N, she isn’t.C．Of curse nt.
( )6．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）Lingling ______ ftball.
A．gd atB．is gd atC．is gd
( )7．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）They ______ there at ten ’clck yesterday.
A．arrivingB．arrivesC．arrived
( )8．（22-23上·宁夏固原·五年级校考期末）My grandma bught a new bk _________ me.
A．withB．frC．f
( )9．（22-23上·河南周口·五年级统考期末）The little by can’t walk. ______ father helps ______.
A．He; himB．His; hisC．His; him
( )10．（22-23上·河南周口·五年级统考期末）Yu are gd ______ basketball.
A．atB．nC．in
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
11．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）He wants (be) in the ftball team.
12．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）He can’t (drive) a car.
13．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）Did yu (meet) Jhn in the park?
14．（22-23上·江苏淮安·五年级统考期末）Please (sit) here.
15．（22-23上·河南洛阳·五年级洛阳市第二外国语学校校联考期末）A cat can climb trees and catch . (muse)
16．（22-23上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）My grandma is ill in hspital. Nw I am (feel) sad.
17．（22-23上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）Lingling is very gd at basketball. She can (catch) the ball well.
18．（22-23上·山西临汾·五年级统考期末）All f them are dancing (happy).
19．（22-23上·山西临汾·五年级统考期末）He can catch the ball (gd).
20．（22-23上·山西临汾·五年级统考期末）Lk! He (hide) behind the dr.
三、（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）Sam给我们出了一道有趣的题，找朋友！你能找到正确的答语吗？
( )21．Can he sing well?
( )22．Is she gd at dancing?
( )23．Hw much meat did yu buy?
( )24．What’s the matter with yu, Sue?
( )25．Where did Amy g last Sunday?
四、连词成句。
26．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）nly, There, are, crayns, nineteen (.)

27．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）half, get, I, past, at, up, seven (.)

28．（22-23上·山东聊城·五年级校考期末）can, well, play, Yu, ftball (.)

29．（22-23上·山东德州·五年级统考期末）drpped, his, ice, He, the, cream, n, flr (.)

30．（21-22上·四川广元·五年级统考期末）Mum, T-shirt, bught, a, new, me, fr (.)

五、句型转换。
31．（22-23上·吉林长春·五年级校考期末）Can yu jump high? (否定回答)
N, .
32．（22-23上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）Is he feeling angry? (做否定回答)
, he .
33．（21-22上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）I fund the bag in the living rm. (对画线部分提问)
did yu the bag?
34．（21-22上·河南平顶山·五年级统考期末）He feels angry. (对画线部分提问)
des he ?
35．（21-22上·辽宁朝阳·五年级统考期末）There are mnkeys in the z. (改为一般疑问句)

六、（22-23上·四川雅安·五年级统考期末）补全对话。
A．Sme new bks and a blue hat.
B．Where did yu lse it?
C．I lst my bag.
D．Is this yur bag?
E．What clur is it?
At the schl lst-and-fund
Ms Wang: Can I help yu?
Becky: 36
Ms Wang: 37
Becky: On the schl bus.
Ms Wang: 38
Becky: It’s black and white.
Ms Wang: What were in it?
Becky: 39
Ms Wang: 40
Becky: Yes, it is. Thank yu.
Ms Wang: Yu’re welcme!
七、（22-23上·河南周口·五年级统考期末）排序题。
41．
( ) It’s half past six.
( ) What time is it nw, Jim?
(5) Let’s turn n the TV nw.
( ) Really? I like animals.
( ) There is a TV shw abut animals at half past seven.
( ) OK.
八、（22-23上·河南洛阳·五年级洛阳市第二外国语学校校联考期末）根据表格内容判断句子的正(T)误(F)。
Lucy is in Zhengzhu, she will g t Luyang fr the summer vacatin. Here is the train ticket.
( )42．Lucy will g t Zhengzhu fr her summer vacatin.
( )43．Lucy will take the train G7253.
( )44．It will take Lucy frty minutes frm Zhengzhu t Luyang.
( )45．It will take Lucy 46 yuan frm Zhengzhu t Luyang.
( )46．Lucy can take her seat at 05A．
九、（22-23上·河南洛阳·五年级统考期末）仿写。
例: 1. I get up at six ’clck.
47．
48．
49．
50．
51．
提升训练
一、选择题。
( )1．This ld man is ______. He can’t hear.
A．blindB．deafC．happy
( )2．—______ pupils are there in yur class?
—Fifty.
A．HwB．Hw manyC．What
( )3．Did Sam ______ back yesterday?
A．cameB．cmesC．cme
( )4．Daming ______ gd at skipping in the past.
A．amB．wasC．is
( )5．I was ill yesterday. Nw I feel ______.
A．hurryB．betterC．happy
( )6．Schl ______ at eight ’clck in the mrning.
A．startsB．startC．starting
( )7．This is ________ grandma.
A．AmyB．AmysC．Amy’s
( )8．Hw ________ faces can yu see?
A．muchB．manyC．ld
( )9．The by can’t find his mther, he’s ________.
A．cryB．criesC．crying
( )10．We ften g t schl ________ eight ’clck in the mrning.
A．atB．inC．n
二、请根据相应的对话内容，选出相应的答语。
( )11．Can yu play basketball?
( )12．D yu want t be in ur team?
( )13．Are yu gd at ftball?
( )14．Hw many pupils are there in yu class?
( )15．Did I lse my English bk?
三、选出符合句意的图片。
A． B． C． D． E.
( )16．There are nly five chairs in the classrm.
( )17．Yur red sweater is n the line.
( )18．They went t Beijing by train.
( )19．We arrived there at ten ’clck.
( )20．I bught sme bananas at the supermarket.
四、选词填空。
21．Where did yu Lingling? (find / fund)
22．Are yu bred? (feeling / feel)
23．Dgs are very . (use / useful)
24． walk n the grass. (D / Dn’t)
25．She didn’t a shirt fr her sn. (buy / bught)
26．Dn’t (jump / jumping) n the bed.
27．—Where did yu (find / fund) Lingling?
—I fund her in the kitchen.
28．My schl (start / starts）at nine ’clck in the mrning.
29．Dn’t (ran / run) n the rad!
30．I (listen / listened) t music last night.
五、连词成句。
31．twenty, there are, in the class, children, but (.)

32．Mum, a, T-shirt, bught, new, fr, me (.)

33．did, d, yu, what, at the weekend (?)

34．Hw much, yu, buy, did, juice (?)

35．are, the, Yur, line,T-shirts, n (.)

六、句型转换。
36．We played ftball last Sunday. (对画线部分提问)
did yu last Sunday?
37．What did yu buy yesterday? (用five pears回答)

38．There is ne in the bx. (改为否定句)
ne in the bx.
39．Twenty faces we can see. (对画线部分提问)
can yu see?
40．I went t Shanghai n my hliday. (对画线部分提问)
g n yur hliday?
七、选择合适的单词，补全短文。
It 41 sunny and ht yesterday. Sally’s family 42 a picnic in the park. Sally wanted t 43 her new shrts. She likes them very much. But she culdn’t find them. Because her mum 44 them. And they were n the line. Then she wre her white skirt and her yellw T- shirt. They 45 beautiful.
八、阅读理解。
Last week Yangyang went t Dalian with her mther. They went by plane. They visited lts f places. They tk a bat trip alng the river. It tk them three hurs and thirty minutes. They bught a lt f chclate. They had a gd day.
( )46．They visited ______.
A．lts f placesB．Big BenC．Lndn EyeD．park
( )47．Hw did they g there?
A．By train.B．By bus.C．By plane.D．By car.
( )48．Yangyang bught ______ last week.
A．cheeseB．chclateC．juiceD．fruit
( )49．It tk them ______.
A．3时12分 B．3时30分 C．2时20分
50．画线句子的意思：
九、仿照示例写句子。
例：(13 bks, desk) There are thirteen bks n the desk.
51．(18 children, classrm)

52．(16 ftballs, bx)

53．(14 birds, tree)

参考答案：
A．N, she isn’t.
B．I lst my new ruler.
C．Yes, he can.
D．One kil.
E．She went t the supermarket.
G7253
Zhengzhu → Luyang
Start Date：
July 16th, 2022
Time:
9:00am—9:35am
Price:
¥ 46
Platfrm:
3
Seat:
05 B
A．Yes, I d.
B．N, yu didn’t.
C．There are frty.
D．N, I can’t.
E．Yes, I am.
wear washed lked was had
真题回顾
1．C
2．C
3．A
4．C
5．C
6．B
7．C
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．t be
12．drive
13．meet
14．sit
15．mice
16．feeling
17．catch
18．happily
19．well
20．is hiding
21．C
22．A
23．D
24．B
25．E
26．There are nly nineteen crayns.
27．I get up at half past seven.
28．Yu can play ftball well.
29．He drpped his ice cream n the flr.
30．Mum bught a new T-shirt fr me.
31．I can’t
32．N isn’t
33．Where find
34．Hw feel
35．Are there mnkeys in the z?
36．C
37．B
38．E
39．A
40．D
41．2 1 4 3 6
42．F
43．T
44．F
45．T
46．F
47．I g t schl at half past seven.
48．I play in the playgrund at three ’clck.
49．I d my hmewrk at half past five.
50．I have dinner at seven ’clck.
51．I watch TV at eight ’clck.
提升训练
1．B
2．B
3．C
4．B
5．B
6．A
7．C
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．D
12．A
13．E
14．C
15．B
16．D
17．A
18．E
19．B
20．C
21．find
22．feeling
23．useful
24．Dn’t
25．buy
26．jump
27．find
28．starts
29．run
30．listened
31．
32．
33．
34．
35．Yur T-shirts are n the line.
36．What d
37．I bught five pears.
38．There isn’t
39．Hw many faces
40．Where did yu
41．was
42．had
43．wear
44．washed
45．lked
46．A
47．C
48．B
49．B
50．他们乘船沿河旅行。
51．There are eighteen children in the classrm.
52．There are sixteen ftballs in the bx.
53．There are furteen birds in the tree.