第04辑一轮阅读 专题10 阅读理解说明文选标题专练15篇（满分攻略+高考真题+名校模拟）-2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练

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阅读理解说明文选标题专练15篇（攻略+真题+模拟）原卷版
【说明文选标题满分攻略】
一、说明文标题错误三大特征
1. 范围太宽泛：选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。
2. 范围太具体：选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。
3. 范围太偏颇：选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。
二、说明文选标题三大方法
1.主题段法
标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。
2. 主题句法
解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
2. 关键词法
任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
三、说明文选标题三大策略
1.正面肯定法
在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。
2.反面否定法
撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。
3.排除干扰法
研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。
四、说明文标题思维导图
【说明文选标题高考真题】
【2024全国甲卷第27题】Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音)that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
24. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
25. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.
C. Act strangely.D. D better.
27. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【2022新高考II卷第31题】Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
28. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer.
【说明文选标题名校模拟】
【说明文选标题专练01】（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Air cnditining use has explded in the last 30 years. Accrding t U. S. Census data in1993, just abut three- quarters f single family hmes in the Midwest had air cnditining. In the West and Nrtheast, it was just abut half. Nw, all regins are pushing 100 percent air cnditining cverage. In the Suth, it’s been at abut 100 percent since the early 1990s.
As the cst f air cnditining installatin has gne dwn, and temperatures have gne up, Americans have been ffered an pprtunity fr a steady indr temperature year-rund, regardless f the weather utside. This drive fr cmfrt frces us t discnnect frm what’s happening all arund us. A cnditined climate allws us t cmpletely ignre the changing seasns and ur warming planet. Only listening t peple wh agree with us — r trying t silence thse wh disagree — creates ur wn, individually cnditined realities.
New Yrk University prfessr and scial psychlgist Jnathan Haidt shwed hw the cmfrts f cnveniences “atmize” ur scial structures. Each new technlgy that makes ur lives easier als makes us less reliant n ther peple. Haidt’s big fcus is n smartphnes and scial media, as explred in his recent bk, but ur sciety was cracking ff int smaller and smaller pieces lng befre we had the rbts in ur pckets.
Cars allwed us t shp in ther twns, reducing reliance n lcal businesses. A televisin set gave smething fr peple t d in the evenings, reducing the need t hang ut with neighbrs, and by extensin, erding cmmunity structures and institutins (ften called “third places”, in cntrast t wrk and hme). Air cnditining allwed us t stay inside in the heat, limiting a play-based childhd where kids run arund with each ther and make their wn fun.
What if we all turned ff the air cnditining fr a bit, pened ur windws, and truly experienced life as it was happening, nt what we manufactured it t be? We might be a little less cmfrtable, but maybe a little mre cnnected.
1. What can we infer frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Air cnditining easily shapes ur individual persnality.
B. Air cnditined huses are mre cmfrtable than thers.
C. Air cnditining can reduce ur cnnectin with the wrld.
D. Air cnditining is accessible t every husehld in the US.
2. Why des the authr mentin Haidt?
A. T prmte his recent bk.
B. T illustrate technlgical advances.
C. T praise human self- reliance.
D. T reveal the harm f air cnditining.
3. What des the wrd “erding” underlined in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Cnstructing.B. Destrying.
C. Aviding.D. Imprving.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Turn ff Air Cnditining fr a Bit
B. Experience Yur Life t the Fullest
C. Keep Away frm Air Cnditined Huses
D. Never Create Our Own Cnditined Realities
【说明文选标题专练02】（2024·浙江·模拟预测）A small study published Wednesday dcuments significantly restred hearing in five f six kids treated in China. “Hearing lss is hard t recver. That’s why we were always trying t develp a therapy (疗法),” said Zheng-Yi Chen, a senir authr f the study.
Glbally, 34 millin children have deafness r hearing lss, and genes are respnsible fr up t 60% f cases.
All the children in the experiments have a cnditin that accunts fr 2% t 8% f inherited (遗传的) deafness. It’s caused by mutatins (变异) in a gene respnsible fr an inner ear prtein called tferlin, which helps hair cells transmit sund t the brain.
The therapy f Chen’s team delivers a functinal cpy f that gene t the inner ear during a surgery. It caused n majr side effects. They bserved the children fr abut six mnths and captured patients’ prgress in vides. One shws a little girl 13 weeks after treatment repeating father, mther, grandmther, sister and “I lve yu.” They dn’t knw why the treatment didn’t wrk in ne f them. But the five thers, wh previusly had cmplete deafness, can nw hear a regular cnversatin and talk with thers.
Prir results frm ther researches have been just as psitive. The Philadelphia hspital reprted that their patient, Aissam Dam, is nw able t hear his father’s vice and cars n the rad. Dr. Jhn Germiller, wh led the research in Philadelphia said, “His hearing is imprved frm a state f cmplete deafness with n sund at all t the level f mild hearing lss.”
Clumbia University’s Dr. Lawrence Lustig said, “Althugh the children in these studies dn’t wind up with perfect hearing, even a mild hearing lss recvery in these kids is pretty astnishing.” Still, he added, “Many questins remain, such as hw lng the therapies will last and whether hearing will cntinue t imprve in the kids.”
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The result f Chen’s therapy.B. The impact f gene mutatins.
C. The truble f curing hearing lss.D. The analysis f children’s deafness.
2. What d mst participants in the tw researches have in cmmn?
A. They shwed psitive respnse t the therapy.
B. Their pwer f speech was partially regained.
C. Their imprvements were recrded by vides.
D. They had mild hearing lss after the treatment.
3. What is Dr. Lawrence Lustig’s attitude tward the therapy?
A. Dismissive.B. Objective.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Gene Therapy: A Hpe fr the Deaf
B. Deaf Children: A Cncern f Sciety
C. Chen’s Research: A Breakthrugh in Surgery
D. Inherited Deafness: A Challenge fr Treatment
【说明文选标题专练03】（24-25高三上·江苏苏州·开学考试）In recent decades, experiments have begun t catch up with what peple wh wrk clsely with animals have always knwn—that animals have an inner life, and cnsciusness isn’t uniquely human.
Cnsciusness is a cncept that is extremely difficult t define. There have been many attempts: is it awareness, r awareness f that awareness, r self-awareness instead? But a useful wrking definitin might be that it is any kind f subjective experience, ranging frm hw we perceive the external wrld t ur inner thughts and emtins. Because yu can never be inside anther living being’s head, questins f cnsciusness are bth hard t answer and pen t bias (偏见).
Findings f experiments inspired a grup f scientists in April t write The New Yrk Declaratin Animal Cnsciusness, which nw has ver 300 supprters. It states that there is “strng scientific supprt fr cnscius experience” in mammals and birds and “at least a realistic pssibility f cnscius experience” in fish and ther species.
That animals have sme frm f inner life must surely be self-evident t many peple wh live r wrk with them, just as I wuld guess that mst carers f newbrn babies dn’t see these infant as senseless autmatic machines. The experiences f peple with thrugh knwledge f either have histrically, been viewed as subjective and biased, as emtinal cnnectin tends t influence lgical reasning. Our cnsciusness leads us t ver-empathize with thers we cannt truly knw, the argument ges.
But, as the bilgist Marc Bekff wrte, if we humans have smething, then ther animals are likely t have it t. I persnally feel that attempts t divrce emtin, feeling and experience frm hw we see animals can be as unscientific. Fr t lng, we assumed that humans are unique and animals dn’t feel pain r emtins the way that we d, a cnvenient but cruel null hypthesis (无效假设), when we culd have started frm the psitin that perhaps they d instead.
1. Which is a key characteristic f cnsciusness accrding t the passage?
A. It means any emtinal experience f humans.
B. It refers t individual’s subjective experience.
C. It is all abut hw we perceive the external wrld.
D. It refers t a cmmn quality shared by all animals.
2. Why are the carers f newbrn babies mentined?
A. T shw that animals are just as cnscius as human babies.
B. T help readers understand why animals pssess cnsciusness.
C. T argue against the view f peple living r wrking with animals.
D. T explain why animal carers wuld assume animals have an inner life.
3. What might be the authr’s attitude twards Marc Bckff’s assumptin abut animal emtins?
A. Dubtful.B. Objective.C. Supprtive.D. Uncertain.
4. Which can be the best title f the passage?
A. Cnsciusness Imprved Thrugh Practice
B. Questins f Human Cnsciusness Answered
C. Factrs Affecting Animal Cnsciusness Discvered
D. Cnscius Experience Fund in Certain Animal Species
【说明文选标题专练04】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）Maritime watchdgs (海事监管机构) have lng relied n the Autmatic Identificatin System (AIS) t track ships’ radi activity acrss the glbe. AIS requirements differ between cuntries and ships, and it’s easy t simply turn ff a ship’s transpnder (应答器) when a crew wants t stay hidden. Hence the dark fleets.
Nw, fr the first time ever, researchers have created a glbal map f human activity in the ceans and n castlines. By using satellite imagery, GPS data and artificial intelligence, the team uncvered unregulated activity n the high seas, including untracked dark fleets.
The newest findings shwcase the trublingly larger impact f dark fleets arund the wrld. “We had an idea that we were missing a big part f the activity happening in the cean, but we didn’t knw hw much,” said Fernand Pal, the lead authr f the study. “And we fund that it’s a lt mre than we imagined.” Fr example, in the Mediterranean Sea, previus numbers had shwn fishing n the Eurpean side t be ten times greater than that n the African side. But the new study suggests the amunt f fishing n bth sides is rughly the same.
But this data can d mre than uncver pssible illegal fishing. “Ship tracking culd als transfrm envirnmental cnservatin effrts by revealing entry int prtected areas,” writes machine learning researcher Knstantin Klemmer. Mre than 20 ships per week crssed int the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and ver the five per week entered the Galapags Marine Reserve, accrding t the study.
It’s nt all trubling revisins, hwever. Accrding t the team’s findings, the number f green ffshre energy prjects dubled ver the five- year perid analyzed. As f 2021, wind turbines (涡轮机) fficially utnumbered the wrld’s il platfrms, with China taking the lead by increasing its number f wind farms by 900 percent.
1. What d “the dark fleets” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Ships traveling at night.
B. Ships painted with dark clrs.
C. Ships independent frm any cuntry.
D. Ships wrking withut being mnitred.
2. What did the researchers think f the new findings?
A. Unrealistic.B. Cmplex.C. Shcking.D. Cnfusing.
3. What psitive trend des the map reveal?
A. The number f il platfrms has been n the decline.
B. Great imprtance is attached t green energy.
C. Wind energy hlds the lead in energy cnsumptin.
D. Cnservatin effrts twards prtected areas are effective.
4. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Beynd the Waves: Explring Maritime Mysteries.
B. Frm AIS t AL: Innvatins f Maritime Watchdgs.
C. Painting the Seas: Artistic Expressins n Dark Fleets.
D. Mapping Ocean Activity: Bringing Dark Fleets t Light.
【说明文选标题专练05】（24-25高三上·重庆合川·开学考试）Elephants are the largest land mammals n Earth, and understanding them better culd lead t big scientific breakthrughs in science. Bth delicate and study, elephant trunks (象鼻) can grasp a single leaf but can als carry nearly 600 punds. Scientists think that they are an incredible inspiratin fr the next generatin f bi-inspired (仿生) rbts.
By cnducting a high- reslutin mtin capture analysis f elephants’ trunks, researchers fund elephants have a set f simple mvements that they can integrate freely t handle bjects f varius shapes and sizes. Fr example, elephants use suctin (吸力) t pick up lightweight bjects. Hwever, t pick up heavier things, they use suctin t secure the psitin f the bjects and trunk wrapping t hld and lift things. “It’s nt the whle trunk that is lengthening r shrtening — it’s different parts, relying n what the elephant is ding,” said Milinkvitch, prfessr f the physics f bilgy at the University f Geneva, Switzerland.
Researchers als perfrmed CT scans and MRIs n the trunk f a dead elephant. They used high- reslutin cameras t create a 3D mdel f a trunk, allwing them t better understand the structure f an elephant’s muscle grups, skin and cnnective tissues. The study data will be used t help design an innvative“ sft” rbtic arm.“ The data is exceptinal, but nw the effrt is t translate this bilgical data int sme engineering specificatins,” Milinkvitch said. “We need t extract sme simplifying principles that can make the rbt’s behavir simple enugh t be effective and adaptable t changes.”
The prject is als fueling advancements in material science, as researchers have develped a new material similar t the useful prperties f elephant skin and can be 3D printed fr rbtic prttypes (原型). The new materials may be cmmercialized fr a wide range f uses.
1. What des the underlined wrd “study” in paragraph l prbably mean?
A. Strng.B. Brad.C. Sensitive.D. Rugh
2. Hw des an elephant handle different bjects?
A. By securing the psitin f these bjects at first.
B. By cmbining suctin with trunk mvements flexibly.
C. By sucking them with all the strength.
D. By stretching its trunk based n things’ sizes.
3. Why d researchers translate the bilgical data?
A. T test the safety f the rbtic arm.
B. T upgrade the appearance f the rbt.
C. T imprve the behavir f the rbt.
D. T study the structure f muscle tissues.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Elephant Trunks: The Thery f Mvement in Rbtics
B. Elephant Trunks: The Inspiratin fr Sft Rbtics
C. “Sft” Rbtic Arms: An Innvatin in 3D- printed Rbts
D. “Sft” Rbtic Arms: A Majr Breakthrugh in Material Science
【说明文选标题专练06】（24-25高三上·广东佛山·开学考试）When smene asks fr yur pinin, are yu quick t ffer it? Or d yu pt instead fr a laid-back “it’s yur call,” an undecided “anything’s fine,” r an eager-t-please “whatever wrks best fr yu?” Many f us dn’t share ur thughts ut f a desire t appear easyging and cperative. But thrugh tw research prjects that explred a wide range f interpersnal situatins, we fund that failing t weigh in can actually make yu seem less likable and harm yur relatinships.
In ur first research prject, we lked at hw peple reacted when asking a friend what restaurant, mvie, r museum they’d prefer t g t. N matter the cntext, the participants almst always tld us that they wanted their cmpanin t pick a specific ptin — and when their cmpanin chse nt t, the participants fund their friends less likable, and they became less interested in ging n future utings with them.
Why is this? Yu might think that withhlding yur preferences makes yu mre likable, but in fact, when smene asks fr yur input, they’re generally lking fr help making a decisin. Our participants reprted that it was harder fr them t make a decisin when their friend refused t express an pinin, and this unpleasant decisin-making experience ften harmed their impressin f their friend.
Anther reasn withhlding a preference can backfire is that when smene claims nt t care, it can seem like they actually d have an pinin, but are hiding it t avid cnflict. In ur secnd research prject, we fund that when smene says they dn’t have a preference, the decisin maker ften assumes they’ re nly saying that because they have the ppsite preference as they d. When this happens, the decisin maker is mre likely t chse the ptin that they themselves dn’t want, ultimately making them that much less satisfied with the interactin.
S next time smene asks yu what yu think dn’t hld back. Whether it’s a friend asking where yu’d like t g t eat, a client wh’s curius what kinds f music yu like, r a wrkmate requesting yur input n a wrkplace decisin, sharing yur pinin is almst always a win-win.
1. Why are sme peple unwilling t share their persnal preferences?
A. T prtect privacy.B. T make a gd impressin.
C. T avid argument.D. T get better invlved.
2. What did the first research prject find abut peple asking fr feedback?
A. They did it ut f pliteness.B. They expected an agreement.
C. They preferred cncrete answers.D. They had n ptins in mind.
3. What can we infer abut decisin makers frm paragraph 4?
A. They will guess thers’ thughts.B. They will stick t their wn ideas.
C. They will express their dissatisfactin.D. They will accept thers’ suggestins.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. If Yu’re Tld N, It’s FineB. If Yu Dn’t Feel Like It, Try It
C. If Smene Dubts Yu, Be YurselfD. If Smene Asks Yur Opinin, Give It
【说明文选标题专练07】（2024·四川巴中·一模）When it cmes t building structures, humans ften cnsider themselves the best, but the abilities f scial insects are amazing. Fr example, termites (白蚁) cnstruct tall nests. Hwever, the true masters f insect architecture are the bees.
A team f evlutinary bilgists, led by Viviana Di Pietr, has discvered that these small-brained insects can build in varius architectural styles, similar t humans. These styles are passed dwn frm generatin t generatin, indicating that insects can have cultural differences — a cncept nce believed t be unique t humans, as nted by Andrew Whiten.
In a study f ver 400 bee clnies in Brazil, mst nests were layered like cakes, while thers were spiral (螺旋状). The researchers filmed the bees and fund n difference in the speed f cell cnstructin, suggesting that neither style is mre efficient than the ther.
T determine if genetics played a rle, researchers transferred wrkers frm ne nest type t anther. The relcated bees adapted t the lcal building style, and s did the yung bees. These findings are exciting fr thse studying animal culture, as they demnstrate that bees can pass dwn cnstructin techniques withut direct teaching. This challenges the traditinal view f culture, which is ften defined as behavir directly passed frm ne individual t anther.
Dr. Whiten believes that the new findings suggest cmplex animal behavirs, like beaver (海狸) dams, may als result frm indirect learning. Sme scientists say that certain human traditins culd be passed dwn similarly, althugh this is nt sure. Bees keep surprising us; it has been bserved that bumblebees (大黄蜂) learn frm lder bees, challenging the idea that such learning is unique t humans. Perhaps bees deserve recgnitin as tp architects t!
1. What did the team f Viviana Di Pietr find?
A. Culture is nly fund in human scieties.
B. Bees build mre efficiently than humans.
C. Bees exhibit varied cnstructin traditins.
D. Animal behavirs cme frm direct teaching.
2. What was the traditinal view f culture accrding t Paragraph 4?
A. Inherited thrugh genetic traits.
B. Learned frm individual interactins.
C. Passed dwn thrugh written recrds.
D. Develped frm envirnmental factrs.
3. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Bees challenge human uniqueness in learning.
B. Bees cannt cmmunicate with each ther at all.
C. Animal behavirs are mstly natural ccuring.
D. Human traditins can be directly taught t thers.
4. What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. The Secret Lives f BeesB. The Intelligence f Bees
C. The Cultural Architecture f BeesD. The Cmplexity f Insect Structures
【说明文选标题专练08】（24-25高三上·广东潮州·阶段练习）What if the secret t unlcking yur child’s cgnitive (认知的) ptential was as simple as a 10 - secnd stretch? Des it sund t gd t be true?
A new study’s findings shwed that quick, lw - intensity activities culd be a valuable tl fr enhancing kids’ cgnitive functin and ptentially imprving learning in schl settings.
The study, led by Takashi Nait and cwrkers, fcuses n a part f the brain called the prefrntal crtex (PFC). This area, lcated at the frnt f the brain, is crucial fr many imprtant mental tasks. As children grw, their PFC cntinues t develp. While previus studies have shwn that mderate (中度的) t intense exercise can imprve brain functin, researchers were cgnizant f less abut the effects f light, easy activities - the kind that culd be dne quickly in a classrm r during shrt breaks.
S this study aimed’ t fill that gap by examining hw simple exercise affects bld flw in the PFC f children. The researchers invited 41 children between the ages f 10 and 15 t participate in the study. These kids perfrmed seven different types f light exercise, each lasting either 10 r 20 secnds. The exercise included things like stretching, hand mvements, and balancing n ne leg. Then, the researchers used a technique called functinal near- infrared spectrscpy (NIRS) t detect changes in bld flw in the brain, which can indicate increased brain activity. Their findings suggested that even shrt bursts f light activity can wake up the PFC in children. This culd ptentially lead t imprved fcus, better decisin- making, and enhance learning abilities.
Hwever, the research fcused nly n children aged 10 -15, leaving questins abut its applicability t yunger children r adults. The sample size f 41 participants, while prviding valuable data, may affect the generalizability f the findings. Additinally, the study nly measured immediate changes in brain activity, nt lng- term effects r imprvement f cgnitive functin. Factrs such as individual fitness levels r daily activity habits , which culd influence the results, were nt cnsidered. Mre research is necessary.
1. Which can replace the underlined phrase“ were cgnizant f” in paragraph 3?
A. Ignred.B. Knew.C. Predicted.D. Prevented.
2. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut cncerning the study?
A. Its thery.B. Its findings.C. Its tls.D. Its prcess.
3. What was ne limitatin f the study?
A. The testing time was t lng.
B. It cnsidered t many factrs.
C. It invlved adults in participating.
D. The sample age range was t small.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Kids Need t D Exercise t Prtect Their PFC.
B. PFC Determines Kids’ Success in Schl and Life
C. Shrt Light Exercise May Bst Kids’ Brain Activity
D. Activity Breaks Affect Shrt- term Brain Changes
【说明文选标题专练09】（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Nearly tw decades ag, Facebk explded n cllege campuses as a site fr students t stay in tuch. Then came Twitter, where peple psted abut what they had fr breakfast, and Instagram, where friends shared phts t keep up with ne anther.
Tday, the kinds f psts where peple update friends and family abut their lives have becme harder t see ver the years as the biggest sites have becme increasingly “crpratized (企业化的) .” Instead f seeing messages and phts frm friends and relatives abut their hlidays r fancy dinners, users f Instagram, Facebk, TikTk, Twitter and Snapchat nw ften view prfessinalized cntent frm brands, influencers and thers that pay fr placement.
The change has impacted large scial netwrking cmpanies and hw peple interact with ne anther digitally. As big scial netwrks made cnnecting peple with brands a much greater fcus than cnnecting them with ther peple, sme users have started seeking sites targeting cmmunities and apps devted t specific hbbies and issues. “Platfrms as we knew them are ver,” said Zizi Papacharissi, a cmmunicatins prfessr at the University f Illinis Chicag. “They have utlived their usefulness.”
The shift helps explain why sme scial netwrking cmpanies are nw explring new fields f business. Fr users, this means that instead f spending all their time n ne r a few big scial netwrks, sme are turning t smaller, mre fcused sites. These include Nextdr, a scial netwrk fr neighbrs.
“It’s nt abut chsing ne netwrk t rule them all—that is crazy Silicn Valley lgic,” said Ethan Zuckerman, a prfessr f public plicy at the University f Massachusetts Amherst. “The future is that yu’re a member f dzens f different cmmunities because as human beings, that’s hw we are. The idea that a new scial media site might cme alng t be the ne app fr everyne appears unrealistic. Peple’s nline identities will becme increasingly fragmented (碎片化的) amng multiple sites.”
1. What des the authr say abut the current majr scial netwrking sites?
A. Their cntent is getting mre and mre lifestyle-fcused.
B. Their users’ interest in prfessinal cntent is decreasing.
C. They fail t prvide adequate supprt fr cllege cmmunities
D. They nw rarely see updates abut friends’ and family’s lives.
2. What is Zizi Papacharissi’ attitude twards traditinal scial media platfrms?
A. Psitive.B. Negative.C. NeutralD. Indifferent.
3. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut future scial media usage?
A. Peple will chse nline apps mre carefully.
B. Peple will change their nline identities at will.
C. Peple will jin numerus specialized cmmunities.
D. Peple will prefer t use traditinal scial platfrms
4. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. The rise f the crpratized tech giants.B. The evlutin f scial media platfrms.
C. The histry f scial netwrking cmpanies.D. The challenges faced by majr platfrms.
【说明文选标题专练10】（24-25高三上·江西南昌·开学考试）A study by researchers at Nanyang Technlgical University, Singapre (NTU Singapre) has shwn that the use f cl paint catings in cities can help pedestrians (行人) feel up t 1.5 degrees Celsius cler, making the urban area mre cmfrtable fr wrk and play.
Cl paint catings cntain additives that reflect the sun’s heat t reduce surface heat absrptin and emissin. They have been tuted (吹捧) as ne way t cl dwn the urban area and relieve the Urban Heat Island effect, a phenmenn in which urban areas experience warmer temperatures than their utlying surrundings.
T date, mst studies f cl paint catings have been either simulatin-based (基于模拟的) r tested in scaled-dwn mdels, and understanding f its applicatin in’ real-wrld situatins is limited. Nw, NTU researchers have cnducted a first f its kind real-wrld study in the trpics—cating the rfs, walls, and rad pavements f an industrial area in Singapre — t cmprehensively evaluate hw well cl paint catings wrk in reducing city heat.
By cmparisn with a nearby uncated area, the team discvered that the cated envirnment was up t tw degrees Celsius cler in the afternn, with pedestrian thermal cmfrt level imprving by up t 1.5 degrees Celsius, measured using the Universal Thermal Climate Index, a cmmn internatinal standard fr human utdr temperature sensatin that takes int accunt temperature, relative humidity, thermal radiatin, and wind speed.
Cmpared t cnventinal rfs, the rfs with the cl paint cating reflected 50 percent mre sunlight and absrbed up t 40 percent less heat as a result, during the httest time f a sunny day. The cated walls als prevented mst f the heat frm entering the industrial buildings.
Lead investigatr, Assciate Prfessr Wan Man Pun at the NTU Schl f Mechanical & Aerspace Engineering, said, “Results f the study are nt just relevant fr cities in Singapre where it is ht all year rund, but fr ther urban areas arund the wrld t. With glbal warming, peple will increasingly lk fr ways t stay cl. Our study prves hw cl paint catings can be a strategy t reduce the urban heat island effect in future.”
1. What are cl paint catings intended fr?
A. Beautifying public surrundings.B. Imprving ec-friendly additives.
C. Sheltering peple frm glbal warming.D. Bringing temperatures dwn in cities.
2. What is special abut the NTU study f cl paint catings?
A. It’s cnducted and tested in practical life.
B. Its cnclusins can be applied dmestically.
C. It gives a full descriptin f the paint catings.
D. It’s based n the Universal Thermal Climate Index.
3. Which aspect f the research is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The basics.B. The findings.
C. The prcess.D. The subjects.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. New Paint Catings: Remves City Heat
B. New Paint Catings: Cl Urban Setting
C. Cl Paint Catings: A Slutin t Glbal Warming
D. Cl Paint Catings: N Mre Heat in Urban Regins
【说明文选标题专练11】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）Artificial intelligence-pwered medical treatment ptins are n the rise and have the ptential t imprve diagnstic accuracy, but a new study fund that abut almst half f participants wuld chse a human dctr rather than AI fr diagnsis and treatment.
“While many patients appear resistant t the use f AI, accuracy f infrmatin and a slight push frm physicians may help increase acceptance,” Dr. Slepian mentined the study’s ther primary finding: that a human tuch can help clinical practices use AI t their advantage and earn patients’ trust. “T ensure the benefits f AI are secured in clinical practice, future research n best methds f physician invlvement and patient decisin making is required.”
In the study, participants were asked whether they wuld prefer t have an AI system r a physical dctr fr diagnsis and treatment, and under what circumstances. Researchers cnducted structured interviews with actual patients, testing their reactins t current and future AI technlgies. Then they. plled 2,472 participants acrss diverse ethnic, racial and sciecnmic grups using a blinded, randmized survey.
Overall, participants were almst evenly split, with mre than 52% chsing human dctrs as a preference versus apprximately 47% chsing an AI diagnstic methd. If study participants were infrmed their primary care physicians felt AI was superir, the acceptance f AI by study participants n re-questining increased. This signaled the significance f the human physician in guiding a patient’s decisin.
Disease severity didn’t affect participants’ trust in AI. Cmpared t White participants, Black nes selected AI less ften and Native Americans mre ften. Older participants were less likely t chse it, as were thse wh self-identified as plitically cnservative. These findings suggest differing grups will need specific attentin as t infrming them as t the value and usefulness f AI t enhance diagnses.
“I feel this study will guide many future studies and clinical translatinal decisins even nw,” Dr. Slepian said. “The nus will be n physicians and thers in health care t ensure that infrmatin in AI systems is accurate, and t cntinue t maintain and enhance the accuracy f AI systems as they will play an increasing rle in the future f health care.”
1. What can be inferred frm Dr. Slepian’s wrds in Paragraph 2?
A. Mst patients are still dubtful abut AI medical treatment.
B. Human physicians can d a lt t prmte AI medical treatment.
C. The unacceptance f AI is mainly due t the inaccuracy f infrmatin.
D. The reality that patients chse human dctrs limits the develpment f AI.
2. What’s the key factr in increasing participants’ preference fr AI treatment?
A. The gravity f the disease.B. The guidance f the physician.
C. The superirity f AI system.D. The persnal backgrund f the participant.
3. What des the underlined wrd “nus” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Respnsibility.B. Attempt.C. Dependence.D. Fcus.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. The Trust in AI: A Split amng Patients.
B. Bridging the Gap: Human Dctrs and AI.
C. An Imprtant Study: The Future f AI Systems.
D. Imprving Diagnstic Accuracy: The Rle f AI.
【说明文选标题专练12】（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）A new T- shirt that cntinuusly mnitrs heart activity and detects abnrmalities may help prevent strkes by identifying dangerus heart cnditins like atrial fibrillatin (AF). This irregular heart rhythm increases the risk f strke and affects ver a millin- peple in Britain, with an estimated 500,000 mre remaining undiagnsed due t a lack f nticeable symptms. While sme individuals experience signs like chest pain, dizziness, r fatigue, many nly discver the cnditin after suffering a strke.
Detecting AF typically invlves an electrcardigram (ECG), perfrmed in a hspital where trained staff attach up t 24 electrdes t different parts f the bdy. Hwever, since AF ften ccurs intermittently (间歇地), a shrt hspital check- up may nt detect it. T cunter this, dctrs smetimes prvide patients with a Hlter mnitr, a device wrn under clthing that recrds heart activity. Hwever, it’s bulky, incnvenient, and requires multiple wires t be attached t the chest, making it uncmfrtable fr daily wear.
The Cardiskin T- shirt ffers a mre practical alternative. Made frm cttn and washable up t35 times, it has15 small electrdes wven int the chest area t mnitr heart signals cntinuusly. The T- shirt can be wrn 24 hurs a day, increasing the likelihd f detecting abnrmal rhythms. Pwered by a remvable battery, the electrdes feed data t a micrchip, which wirelessly transmits the infrmatin t an app. The app cnverts the data int an easy- t- read chart, highlighting any irregular heart activity. The results are then shared with the patient’s dctr, allwing fr remte mnitring withut requiring hspital visits. This innvative design culd make diagnsing AF easier and mre accessible, ptentially reducing the risk f strke fr many.
Prfessr Martin Cwie, a cardilgist at Imperial Cllege Lndn, views Cardiskin as an significant develpment in heart health mnitring, ffering a cmfrtable and efficient tl fr early detectin f cardiac prblems.
1. What is the main idea f Paragraph 2?
A. The difficulty in detecting atrial fibrillatin.
B. The benefit f wearing a Hlter mnitr.
C. The prcess f recrding heart activity.
D. The future f develping a new ECG.
2. Why did the authr mentin a Hlter mnitr in the text?
A. T intrduce a way t check the patient’s heart.
B. T explain why dctrs like using the device.
C. T shw the advantage f a Cardisk in T- shirt ver it.
D. T encurage peple t care abut their health.
3. What can we learn abut the Cardisk in T- shirt?
A. It has electrdes placed all ver the T- shirt.
B. It can be wrn a mnth withut being washed.
C. It has a battery that can be charged easily and quickly
D. It can make the prcess f diagnsis timely and cnvenient.
4. What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. New ECC: an imprtant develpment fr dctrs
B. Hi- tech T- shirt: a gd helper fr detecting strkes
C. Hlter mnitr: a device tracking patients’ heart prblems
D. Cardisk in T- shirt: a shirt keeping patients frm diseases
【说明文选标题专练13】（24-25高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）“Why d indeed t study math?” This is a questin I used t ask every time I encuntered difficult primary schl math questins r every time I did nt feel like ding my math hmewrk. Like many peple, I nce firmly believed we study math merely t finish ur hmewrk and pass math exams and that math is nly relevant t thse wh wuld like t pursue a career as scientists. Hwever, this perceptin later turned ut t be abslutely ridiculus.
One turning pint was when I was 16, while washing dishes, I nticed that the sap bubbles were packed tgether like a hneycmb, but nt all f these shapes were perfectly rund. Why did sme f the bubbles lk like hexagns (六边形)? Why didn’t I see any star-shaped bubbles?
When I learned that math culd help answer these questins, I realized math pps up even in ur kitchen sink. Yu may wrry that learning many tpics in elementary schl, like percentages and measurements, is a waste f time. But yur cncern is definitely unnecessary. Lk at these examples and yu’ll knw what I mean. If yu want t build a fence arund yur huse r paint yur walls a new clr, all f thse activities require knwledge abut measurement and scaling. Mre cmplicated cnstructin prjects, such as building a tree huse, require lts f mathematical prblem-slving skills.
Studis like Pixar rely n ideas frm gemetry (几何学) t bring characters like Ember frm Elemental t life. With an understanding f gemetric transfrmatins like reflectins, rtatins and translatins, yu can use yur cmputer t make yur wn animated films.
Many high-paying jbs use math, especially prbability. Understanding prbability helps dctrs identify hw effective medical treatments will be, infrms caches abut ways their teams can imprve and aids cde experts in keeping private infrmatin secret.
Math is s much mre than filling ut hmewrk prblem sets. S next time yu kickback t watch yur favrite animated mvie, r start saving up fr a fancy tech device, hpefully, yu’ll appreciate hw math is integrated int s many parts f life.
1. What is many peple’s cmmn misunderstanding abut math?
A. It is a very cmplex subject.
B. It is useless utside f academic settings.
C. Math exams are t challenging fr many pupils.
D. Math scres can be bsted greatly thrugh hmewrk.
2. The authr’s experience with sap bubbles highlights ________
A. the artistic beauty f sap bubbles
B. the rle f chemistry in sap bubble frmatin
C. the unexpected presence f math in daily situatins
D. the imprtance f bservatin skills in everyday life
3. Why are several examples mentined in Paragraph 3?
A. T emphasize the cmplexity f sme math cncepts.
B. T demnstrate the value f fundatinal math skills.
C. T prve the significance f prblem-slving abilities.
D. T shw the challenges f practical applicatins f math.
4. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Math Is Here, There, and Everywhere
B. Hw Shuld Math Be Taught in Schls?
C. Math Is Still a Universal but Difficult Language
D. Can Math Help Us Unlck Gd Jb Opprtunities?
【说明文选标题专练13】（24-25高三上·河北唐山·开学考试）Illeism, put simply, is the practice f talking abut neself in the third persn rather than the first persn. This rhetrical device is ften used by pliticians t lend their wrds an air f bjectivity. In his accunt f the Gallic War, fr example, the emperr Julius Caesar wrte“ Caesar avenged (报复) the public” rather than “I avenged the public”. This small verbal shift seems intended t make the statement feel a little mre like histrical fact, recrded by an bjective bserver.
T the mdern ear, illeism can sund a little silly r self- imprtant - and we may even ridicule famus peple wh chse t talk in this way. Yet recent psychlgical research suggests that illeism can bring sme real mental benefits. If we are trying t make a difficult decisin, speaking abut urselves in the third persn can help t calm the emtins that culd lead ur thinking ff curse, allwing us t find a wiser slutin t ur prblem.
This apprach crrespnds t the scientific study f wisdm by Igr Grssmann at the University f Waterl in Canada. The study revealed that the wisdm f peple's reasning can depend n the cntext. In particular, he fund that their wise reasning scres tended t be much higher when cnsidering ther peple's situatins than their wn persnal dilemmas. Grssmann called this“ Slmn's Paradx” after the ancient Biblical king, wh was famus fr advising thers wisely, while making a series f disastrus persnal decisins that ultimately left his kingdm in chas.
By switching t the third persn, ur descriptins f the situatin will start t sund as if we are talking abut smene else rather than urselves. This sense f detachment (抽离) wuld allw us t see the bigger picture, rather than getting caught up in ur wn feelings.
1. Why is Julius Caesar mentined?
A. T present a fact.B. T serve as a prf.
C. T intrduce a war.D. T recmmend a device.
2. What key pint is cnveyed in paragraph 2?
A. Illeism supprts clearer reasning.B. Mdern peple dislike illeism.
C. The famus are careful abut illeism.D. Illeism enhances multiple emtins.
3. What can we learn frm Grssmann's study?
A. Dilemmas stimulate reasning.B. Wisdm begins in wnder.
C. Bystanders are clear- sighted.D. Every man has his wn truble.
4. What is the best title f the text?
A. A Prven Device fr Great Leaders
B. The Ancient Trick fr Wiser Thinking
C. An Effective Way frm a New Perspective
D. The Age- Old Practice in Mdern Experiment
【说明文选标题专练14】（24-25高三上·安徽·开学考试）In a wrld f ever-present technlgy, few can agree n hw much time children need n their devices. Sme suggest kids shuld spend mre time utside instead. Fr kids in Clrad, a new cperatin has fund a way t get kids utside, even if they bring their phnes.
I’m standing nearby the Dinsaur Hill in Fruita, Clrad. Befre I hike, wrds appear n my phne, “Yur adventure is abut t begin.” Scrlling dwn, I select a missin titled “Discver Dinsaurs”. A dinsaur avatar (虚拟化身) appears n the screen. “Hell, I’m Agent AI and inviting yu t discver dinsaurs and help the Bureau f Land Management preserve fssils.”
All ver the state, the Clrad Explrer Campaign ffers similar missins fr yung park visitrs t cmplete. The Discver Dinsaurs missin is meant t educate yung explrers n the basics f palentlgy (古生物学) and hw t preserve fssils. The Agents f Discvery app is generally defined as an interactive experience cmbining real wrld input with digitally-accessed cntent.
But what’s the truble fr this activity? In rder fr the app t wrk as intended, families have t actually visit the sites their kids want t explre. There is n cmpleting missins frm the cmfrt f yur cuch.
In fact, with the wide use f gamificatin (游戏化), the cperatin between technlgy and educatin grws. Recent studies have fund gamificatin design fully reflects the active status f students in the learning prcess, which can emphasize the cultivatin f students’ independent explratin spirit, frm a gd habit f learning and thus prmte the verall quality f students.
The Clrad Explrer Campaign wrks withut Wi-Fi but best with cell service, and is ffered fr free. Thrugh the Agents f Discvery app, users can identify trees, learn the migratry habits f birds, engage in lcal histry and maybe even find evidence f dinsaurs. This summer, it’s certain that there are mre families wh take brief rad trips and hmetwn hikes t see what else the prgram has in stre.
1. Why did the authr mentin his experience t the Dinsaur Hill?
A. T advise peple t g utdrs.
B. T tell his lve fr dinsaurs.
C. T discnnect him with digital device.
D. T test the new methd f enjying utdrs with phnes.
2. What shuld kids’ parents d t make the Agents f Discvery app wrk smthly?
A. Visit their favrite sites.B. Knw their interest in explratin.
C. Get invlved in the activity persnally.D. Lie n their cuches t mnitr their kids.
3. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Wi-Fi is necessary fr the app t wrk.
B. The Clrad Explrer Campaign is f great value fr explring nature.
C. Families shuld hike in their hmetwn tgether.
D. The Agents f Discvery app highlights histry culture.
4. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Mre and Mre Children Are Addicted t Phnes
B. An Apprach Mixes Outdr Activities with Phnes
C. Clrad Handles Kids’ Phne Prblems Successfully
D. Gamificatin Has Enjyed Great Supprt amng Kids