考点14 高考高频考点名词性从句（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用）

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1. 高考真题考点分布
附其它卷区考情分析
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
分析近年高考真题可知，名词性从句的考查在语法填空和写作中都是常考点。that和what是重难点。
【备考策略】
1.掌握名词性从句that和what的用法区别。
2.掌握名词性从句if和whether的用法区别。
3.掌握名词性从句wh, whever, why, where, hw的用法区别。
【命题预测】
预测２０２５年高考语法填空对名词性从句的考查仍为考查重点。

考点一 主语从句
主语从句：在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前；也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后。
01 it充当形式主语的情况
It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/imprtant/certain等)＋that从句
It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/n wnder等)＋that从句
It＋be＋过去分词(said/tld/reprted等)＋that从句
It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句
易错提醒：当形容词为imprtant, necessary, strange等或过去分词为suggested, requested, desired等时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气“(shuld)+动词原形”。
It is cmmn knwledge that the whale is nt a fish.
鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。
It desn't matter whether yu pay by cash r credit card in this stre.
在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
It is necessary that we (shuld) have breakfast.
我们吃早餐是有必要的。
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring abut，althugh abut tw thusand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
02 that、whether、if引导主语从句的情况
Whether he will cme r nt desn’t matter much.（从属连词引导）
他是否回来都不重要。
That the earth mves arund the sun is knwn t all.（从属连词引导）
地球绕着太阳转是大家都知道的。
03 连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句的情况
Whever cmes here will be welcme.（连接代词引导）
无论是谁来到这儿都很受欢迎。
Whatever yu can d helps.（连接代词引导）
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。
Hw we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.（连接副词引导）
我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.（连接副词引导）
它们为什么突然消失了还是个迷？
When the delayed flight will take ff depends much n the weather.
延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。
What struck me mst in the mvie was the father's deep lve fr his sn.
影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。
易错提醒：what与that引导主语从句
that在名词性从句中具有“两无”“一不”特征——无意义、无成分，(除宾语从句外)不可省略。
that在名词性从句中没有意义，而且不充当句子成分。that引导宾语从句作及物动词的宾语时可省略；在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不可省略。
what在名词性从句中具有“两有”“一不”特征——有意义、有成分，不可省略。
what在引导名词性从句时，有一定的意义，一般可译为“……的东西/事情/话等”；what在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语，不可省略。
I think (that) yu shuld turn t the teacher fr help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
My decisin is that all f us are t start at 6 'clck tmrrw mrning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
What was mst imprtant t her, she tld me, was her family.
她告诉我，对她来说，最重要的是她的家人。
考点二 宾语从句
宾语从句：在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之后。
I'm writing t tell yu that my uncle Li Ming is ging t yur city fr a cnference.
我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。
We prmise whever attends the party will have a chance t have a pht taken with the mvie star.
我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。
I dn't knw whether t set ff fr Beijing r nt.我不知道是否出发去北京。
01 it充当形式宾语的情况
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
动词find/feel/think/cnsider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句
动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjy＋it＋从句
短语动词see t/ depend n/rely n＋it＋从句
固定搭配take it fr granted that/we it t sb.that＋从句
I find it necessary that we shuld spend mre time practising spken English.
我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd take me int cnsideratin.
如果你能考虑我的话我将感激不尽。
N matter where he is，he makes it a rule t g fr a walk befre breakfast.
无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
02宾语从句的时态
一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。
He says that he likes listens t music.他说他喜欢听音乐。
I knw that she didn't tell yu that she wuld g t America next mnth.
我知道她没有告诉你她下个月要去美国。
He will tell us what happened t him during ur absence.他会告诉我们，我们不在期间他出了什么事。
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时。
The by said that there were n classes n Sunday afternn.
那个男孩说周日下午没有课。
My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the bk Red and Black when he came in.
我的语文老师问我他进来时我是否在读《红与黑》这本书。
如果从句表示客观事实或真理，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
例.As a child, I was tld that the mn has n light f its wn. I didn't believe it.
孩提时，人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光，我不相信。
03含有感叹句what/hw引导的宾语从句
D nt let any failures discurage yu, fr yu can never tell hw clse yu may be t victry.
Srry I’m s late, but yu cannt imagine what great truble I tk t find yur huse.
.What sme teenagers dn't realize is hw difficult life can be after they get addicted t drugs.
04 that引导宾语从句不能省略的情况
that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：
a.动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；
He said (that) the bk was very interesting and that all the children like t read it.
b.宾语从句前有插入语时；
We hpe, n the cntrary, that he will stay at hme with us.
恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。
c.当it作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句时。
I dn’t think it plite that they left withut saying thanks t us.
我认为他们不说声谢谢就离开是不礼貌的。
d.宾语从句为主从复合句，从句位于宾语从句的前部时。
I prmised that if anyne came t set me free, I wuld make him king ver the earth.
我许下诺言，如果有人来释放我，我就让他成为世界之王。
e.当that引导的从句位于介词except, but, besides, in等之后，作介词的宾语时，that通常不能省略。
They share little in cmmn except that they are frm the same cuntry.
除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。
考点三 表语从句
01表语从句基础知识
表语从句：在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前；也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后。Wh-类连接词引导的从句作表语时，一般不含疑问意义，而是表示具体的时间、地点、原因、方式等。
The mst imprtant result fr the user is that the prduct des what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier t just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
This is why they need an English trainer. (2023年新高考II卷)
这就是为什么他们需要一个英语教练的原因。
名师提醒：as if/as thugh引导表语从句
as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear, lk, taste, sund, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
例1.The thick smg cvered the whle city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrwn ver it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到上面。
例2. He lked as if he was ging t smile.他看上去好像要微笑。
02 表语从句重要句式
(1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3)The reasn why... is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
名师提醒：如果主句的主语时reasn, 表语从句的连接词用that, 不能用why或because。
Frm space，the earth lks blue.This is because abut seventy­ne percent f its surface is cvered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
The reasn why he didn’t cme is that he was ill.他不能来的原因是因为他生病了。
考点四 同位语从句
同位语从句:放在名词之后(news, prblem, idea, suggestin, advice, thught, hpe, fact等) 表明其具体内容。
同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。
同位语从句还可用whether, when, where, why, hw等引导。
3．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact, news, idea, truth, hpe, evidence, infrmatin, belief, thught, dubt, prmise, wrd(消息)等。
名师提醒1：有时名词和同位语从句被谓语等分割开来。
例1. I made a prmise t myself that this year，my first year in high schl，wuld be different.
我对自己做出承诺：今年——我上高中的第一年——将会与以往不同。
例2. I have n idea where the jurnalist culd have gt his infrmatin.
我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的他的信息。
例3. Yu can have n idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。
名师提醒2：同位语从句的结构与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽象概念的名词的内容作进一步地解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制。
区分技巧：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。
that引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。
The news that they had wn the game sn spread ver the whle schl. (同位语从句)
他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The news (that) yu tld me yesterday was really disappinting.(定语从句)
你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人失望。
考点五 名词性从句五大易错点辨析
N. 1 从句中缺少主语或宾语
从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接代词：what(ever), which(ever), wh(ever), whm(ever)。通常情况下，which是在语境中提供了范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what(ever)。
What was mst imprtant t her, she tld me, was her family.(主语从句，what在从句中作主语)
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
The emplyers ften give the jb t whever they believe has wrk experience with a strng sense f duty.(宾语从句，whever在从句中作主语)
雇主们经常会把工作给他们认为有工作经验并且有强烈责任感的人。
Whichever bk he bught wuld be paid fr.无论他买了哪一本书，都要付款。
N. 2 从句中不缺少主语或宾语，缺少状语
从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语成分，此时则用连接副词when, where, why, hw, hw many/much等带有语义的连接词。
Sme students even have n idea why they are studying, s they waste much time playing
（连接词在从句中作原因状语）有些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。
She always thinks f hw she can wrk well. (宾语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作状语)
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
N. 3 that与what的用法辨析
N. 4 whether与if 的区别
(1) 表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导，不用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导，不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的r时，必须用whether；与r nt直接连用时，也必须用whether。
例1. Whether the meeting will be held is still a prblem. (主语从句放于句首) 是否要开会仍然是个问题。
→The prblem is whether the meeting will be held. (表语从句) 问题是是否将举行会议。
→I have n idea whether the meeting will be held. (同位语从句) 我不知道是否将举行会议。
例2.It is dubtful whether/if he will cme here. (主语从句放于句末)他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。
例3.It makes n difference whether he cmes r nt. 他来不来无关紧要。
(2)whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用，但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定的区别。
a．在及物动词后
例1. I dn't care whether r nt he cmes..(whether与r nt连用)
例2. I dn't knw whether t g there.(whether＋t d)
b．在介词后
在介词后常用whether，不用if。
It depends n whether yu can d the wrk well.
那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。
N. 5 that不可省略的情况
(1) that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时，that不可省略。
例. That he failed in the exam made his parents disappinted.
他考试不及格，这使他父母很失望。
that引导表语从句或同位语从句时，一般不可省略。
The truth is that I didn't g there.
事实是我没有去那里。
The news that ur team has wn is true.
我们队赢了的消息是真的。
N. 6 wh­ever和n matter wh­的区别
wh­ever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而n matter wh­只能引导让步状语从句。
I will give this dictinary t whever wins the first prize in the English cntest.(宾语从句)
我将把这本字典赠给在英语竞赛中获得一等奖的人。
Whever/N matter wh wins the first prize in the English cntest, I will give this dictinary t him.(状语从句)
不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖，我都会把这本字典赠给他。
N. 7 表示“要求，建议，命令；坚持”的词后跟名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“shuld＋d”，其中shuld可以省略如，坚持insist；命令rder, cmmand；建议advise, suggest, recmmend；要求demand, desire, require, request等。
例子1. The bss rdered that the task (shuld) be cmpleted by nn.(宾语从句)
老板命令(我们)在中午之前完成任务。
例2. The dctr's advice is that I (shuld) rest mre and drink mre.(表语从句)
医生建议我多休息、多喝水。
典例一 主语从句
Of all the 12 Chinese zdiac animals (生肖动物) ,the dragn is ne f peple’s favrites. When peple name newbrn babies, lng is a frequently selected character, especially fr bys brn in the Year f the Dragn, as it is hped they will grw as strng and energetic as a dragn.
典例二 宾语从句
I want t knw _______________ it is wrth ding.
A．untilB．unlessC．whetherD．befre
典例三 表语从句
At the end f the adventure, we had t chse t live in a cave. That’s_______________we culd shelter frm the snwstrm.
典例四 同位语从句
Catching sight f the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upn an idea
he wanted t race against the sun t see wh ran faster!
1．Hw did the natinal park system cme abut? On a cl, starry night in mid-September 1870, fur men relaxed befre a campfire alng the Firehle River in is nw nrthwestern Wyming.
2．It is necessary that initiatives calling fr alternative transprtatin mdes (supprt) t keep cmpany with these effrts, and unsustainable practices, such as reliance slely n private vehicles, be dispsed f in the near future.
3．Oliver says if yu’re (luck) enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them yu can jin in when it’s pssible.
4．Traditinal martial arts have brught a cncrete and natural way f life in line with their inner selves. They are yung peple and traditinal Chinese culture blend (融合).
5．There is evidence urban racns are mre intelligent.
6．As a matter f fact, the media desn’t shw the wrld are ther autmbile accidents; research ver the past several years has shwn that flying is the safest methd f transprtatin.
7．Accrding t was released by China’s State Cuncil in August last year, the cuntry aims t establish at least ne university fr elderly peple in every cunty-level regin by 2025.
8．N ne knws the animals have walked s far away frm their riginal habitat.
9．I read abut it in sme bks r ther. Des it matter it was?
10．Accrding t the thery, (spend) 20 minutes in a park daily helps t reduce stress, regardless f peple exercise in it r simply take a walk.
1．On a cl, starry night in mid-September 1870, fur men relaxed befre a campfire alng the Firehle River in is nw nrthwestern Wyming.
2．If mst f their custmers are happy t buy larger quantities, that’s they’ll prmte. But that leaves the sl (单独) custmers ut f pcket and disappinted.
3．Scientists have discvered the remains f appears t be an ancient sheep-drawn charit (战车) near the famus Terractta Army in the western tmb f Emperr Qin Shi Huang.
4．I culdn’t believe the news he had lst the match.
5．There is sme dubt she will cme tmrrw.
6．The by expressed his hpe he wuld be a pilt when he grws up．
7． ur brain wrks is being studied by the scientists.
8．It’s said gvernment wrkers nw make, n average, 30% mre than private sectr wrkers.
9．I have sent Miss Green an invitatin t ur party, but I dn’t have the slightest idea she will accept it.
10．Wrd came the students wuld put ff the uting until next week, when they wuldn’t be busy.
1. （2024北京卷）It’s easy t explain hw we determine 38 smells are dangerus r nt: we learn.考
2.（2024全国甲卷）Hw did the natinal park system cme abut? On a cl, starry night in mid-September 1870, fur men relaxed befre a campfire alng the Firehle River in ________ is nw nrthwestern Wyming.
3.（2024浙江1月卷）If mst f their custmers are happy t buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll prmte. But that leaves the sl (单独) custmers ut f pcket and disappinted.
4.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）This is 62. they need an English trainer.
5.（2022年浙江1月）Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ______ she culd d s remtely.
6.（2021年北京卷）The pr wman wasn't able t give him any infrmatin abut ________ she lived．
7.（2021·天津高考真题）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has s many crazy ideas.
A．whetherB．whyC．whatD．when
考点
题型
名词性从句
语法填空
2024
试卷类型
从句
考点
2024北京卷
whether
宾语从句
2024·全国甲卷
what
宾语从句
2024年1月浙江高考真题
what
表语从句
2023
2023·新高考Ⅱ卷
why
表语从句
2022
2022年浙江1月
if/whether
宾语从句
2021
2021新课标I
what
主语从句
连接词
that，whether，if
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what，wh，whm，which，whichever，whatever，whever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when，where，hw，why
在从句中作状语
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, wh, whm，which，whichever，whatever, whever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, hw, why
在从句中作状语
句式
用法
示例
主句+what+(a/an) + adj. +n+主语+谓语
what是感叹形容词，中心词必须是名词。
Yu can't imagine what a mistake I made.
你无法想象我犯了多大一个错误。
主句+hw+ adj/adv+主语+谓语
hw是感叹副词，直接修饰形容词或副词。
Yu have n idea hw excited I was when I received the gift.你不清楚我收到礼物时多么激动。
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, wh, whm, which，whichever, whatever，whever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, hw, why
在从句中作状语
特点
用法
示例
what是连接代词，既起连接作用又作句子成分
what作从句主语
What he had hped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。
what作从句宾语
Her interest was arused by what he said.他的话引起了她的兴趣。
what作从句定语
What few visitrs we have are always made welcme.对不多的游客我们也表示欢迎。
what作从句表语
He is nt what he was ten years ag. 他不再是十年前的他了。
that是连词，只起连接作用不作句子成分
that引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。
That she lacks experience is bvius. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。
My idea is that yu shuldn’t have left the cuntry. 我的意见是你不应该离开那个国家。
He gave us a suggestin that we shuld practise speaking English in class.他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。