考点19 高考高频考点阅读理解记叙文（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用）

这是一份考点19 高考高频考点阅读理解记叙文（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用），文件包含考点19高考高频考点阅读理解记叙文教师版备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义北京专用docx、考点19高考高频考点阅读理解记叙文学生版备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义北京专用docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共49页， 欢迎下载使用。
北京近三年高考真题考点分布
其他省份高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近5年北京卷对于记叙文的考查主要集中于细节理解题和推理判断题，也会偶尔考查主旨大意和词义猜测。
【备考策略】
进行阅读理解时，首要步骤是全面阅读文章，明确六大要素（时间、地点、人物、(事情的)起因、经过和结果，即when, where, wh, why, what和hw）及叙述顺序线索（人物线索、事件线索、感情线索、时间线索、地点和空间线索等），尤其要关注文中提及的多重时间、地点和人物，梳理事件的起因、过程和结局。随后，细读题目，于文中搜寻相关信息。最终，依据搜集的信息做出准确选择。
若文中人物众多，还需理清人物间关系。对于故事性记叙文，需通读全文，把握故事的发生、发展、高潮与结局；寓言哲理类文章，则需理解故事蕴含的哲理，特别留意结尾处的升华；而逸闻趣事或人物传记类，则需体会对话风格，感悟故事精髓。
【命题预测】
2025年阅读理解对仍然会考查记叙文，会继续考查细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等题型。

【题型解读】
记叙文是以写人、叙事为主，以人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式，其特点如下：主题往往蕴含在字里行间，需要透过表面理解、领悟文字的深层含义，通过归纳概括来进行提炼；大多按时间或空间顺序展开叙述。阅读时应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中叙述的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的脉络。文章一般具有“双线”，一方面要依据时空的顺序和故事的发展明确故事人物关系，理清故事主要事件以及它们之间的内在联系；另一方面，要根据人物的处境和叙述、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度。
【语篇特点】
叙述性：记叙文以叙述为主要表达方式，通过讲述事件的发展过程来展现故事情节。
连贯性：文章通常按照时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序展开，保持故事的连贯性和完整性。
情感性：记叙文往往蕴含作者或故事中人物的情感态度，通过情节发展来体现这些情感变化。
细节性：为了生动地描绘场景和人物，记叙文会包含丰富的细节描写，如人物的外貌、动作、心理活动等。
【做题步骤】
快速浏览题干：首先阅读题目要求，明确考查点，如细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意等。
有针对性地阅读文章：根据题干要求，有选择地阅读文章中的相关段落和细节，避免盲目阅读全文。
（PS: 记叙文阅读理解的时间控制在7-8分钟，避免在某一题上花费过多时间。）
考点精讲01记叙文之细节理解题
1.关键信息定位法：若题中有数字、人物名字、地点名词等等，就可以在文章中快速圈出对应词，再找出数字词所对应的细节信息。其他还包括一些提示情节发展或条理性关键词，如First, next, finally等。
2.同义定位法：同义定位即问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，如frtnight，文中则以tw weeks来代替。需要弄懂问题，找准根据，从而依附原文，正确解题。
（2024·广东江苏·高考真题）“I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture (针灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (兽医) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine-cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
1．What d sme f Farber’s cwrkers think f him?
A．He’s dd.B．He’s strict.C．He’s brave.D．He’s rude.
2．Why did Farber decide t try acupuncture n pets?
A．He was trained in it at university.B．He was inspired by anther veterinarian.
C．He benefited frm it as a patient.D．He wanted t save mney fr pet wners.
考点精讲02记叙文之推理判断题
推理判断题主要测试考生根据文章提供的信息进行逻辑推断的能力。这类题型通常要求考生对文章中的隐含意义、作者态度或文章结构等进行推理判断。其特点在于不直接提供答案，而是需要考生通过理解、分析和推断来得出答案。
【做题步骤】
识别推理信号：在读题过程中，要注意识别那些可能暗示推理的信号词，如“infer”, “suggest”, “imply”等。
仔细阅读文章：要仔细阅读全文，理解文章的主旨大意和细节信息。这是进行推理判断的基础。
分析文章逻辑：分析文章中的逻辑关系，包括因果关系、对比关系、转折关系等，这些关系往往是推理判断的重要依据。
结合选项分析：将每个选项与文章中的信息进行对比和分析，判断其是否符合文章的逻辑和语境。
排除干扰选项：注意排除那些与文章信息不符或逻辑上不合理的选项。
【技巧】
隐含意义推理：要求考生推断出文章中没有直接表述的隐含意义。解题方法是通过理解文章中的语境、作者的态度和言外之意来进行推断。
作者态度推理：要求考生推断出作者对某一事物的态度或观点。解题方法是分析文章中的词汇选择、句式结构和语气等来表达作者的态度。
文章结构推理：要求考生推断出文章的组织结构或段落之间的关系。解题方法是分析文章中的主题句、支撑句和结论句等来确定文章的结构。
不要过度推断：推理判断要基于文章提供的信息，不要添加自己的主观臆断或超出文章范围的推断。
注意细节与整体的结合：在推理过程中，既要关注文章中的细节信息，也要考虑文章的整体语境和主旨。
避免陷入思维定势：有时选项会设置一些常见的思维定势作为干扰项，考生要警惕并避免陷入其中。
考点精讲03记叙文之词句猜测题
利用画像词上下文重点逻辑关系合理猜词词义。
定义：be, be called, means,be defined as ,that is,that is t say,in ther wrds,---- (破折号)等.
对比:yet, but,while ,thugh hwever, therwise, n ne the ther hand, fr ne thing... fr anther thing,instead f 等。
相似: 当被猜的词前后有信号词: r, like , , the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。
因果: because, since, as, fr, due t, s, therefre, , such... that, thus
例举: fr instance, fr example, such as, such, like, especially, include, cnsist f 等。
In Aleksandra’s studi in Haiku, the capital f Hainan, an il painting f St. Basil’s Cathedral hangs beside a prtrait capturing the grace f a wman frm the Li ethnic grup, symblizing tw distinct aspects f the artist’s life.
Raised in a family f artists, the 24-year-ld Russian wman develped a prfund lve fr painting frm an early age. Six years ag, she relcated t Hainan and set up her studi there. Her fascinatin with Chinese culture was blstered when she was 10 years ld. “I picked up the language thrugh the internet, bks and TV. I simply adre Chinese culture.” In 2018, driven by her passin, Aleksandra jurneyed t Hainan t study, where she was captured by the island’s peaceful natural beauty and unhurried pace f life.
“It’s an incredibly beautiful place, and the peple are kind, charming and authentically simple,” she reflects. “Life unflds at a leisurely pace, allwing them t harmnize with nature.” Living in Hainan enables her t immerse herself in nature and humanity, tw belved themes in her artwrk. The lcal peple and culture have becme essential t her life as she and her husband, whm she met n the island, have ventured thrugh its landscapes tgether.
“We ventured int the heart f Hainan. It was during these jurneys that I first encuntered the Li peple,” she recalls. The Li brcade (织锦) has left a lasting impact n her. This traditinal textile f the Li ethnic grup in Hainan is regarded as a “living fssil” f the textile industry, basting a histry f ver 3,000 years. “When yu witness a wman weaving this brcade, she is narrating a tale passed dwn thrugh generatins, such as that f Dalishen, the Gd f Strength, watching ver us. It nt nly inspires me but als empwers me t create,” she says.
She strives t capture the cmplicated patterns f the brcade in her paintings, weaving lcal culture int her creatins — a prcess that has brught her prfund satisfactin.
2．What des the underlined wrd “blstered” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Fueled.B．Recvered.C．Blcked.D．Weakened.
【答案】 2．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了俄罗斯女画家Aleksandra受中国文化的吸引，定居在海口，在这里她深深爱上了黎族文化。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“I picked up the language thrugh the internet, bks and TV. I simply adre Chinese culture.(我通过互联网、书籍和电视学会了这门语言。我真的喜欢中国文化。)”可知，Aleksandra非常喜欢中国文化，结合画线词前的“Her fascinatin with Chinese culture”和画线词后的“when she was 10 years ld”可推知，在她10岁时，她对中国文化的兴趣加强了，所以她才会想要学习汉语这门语言。blster意为“增强”，与fuel意思一致。故选A。
考点精讲04记叙文之主旨大意题
【常见提问方式】
What is the text mainly abut?
What is the best title fr the text?
What can be a suitable title fr the text?
What's the mainly abut?
What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/.. paragraph?
【做题步骤】
快速定位主旨
阅读文章开头和结尾：记叙文往往会在开头明确主题，并在结尾进行总结或升华。
识别主题句：主题句通常包含文章的核心信息，可能出现在段落开头、结尾或中间。
注意高频词汇：文章中反复出现的词汇或短语往往与主旨密切相关。
分析题目设置
识别问题类型：确定是询问文章主旨、作者观点还是文章标题。
分析选项：对比选项与文章内容的契合度，排除与文章细节相关但非主旨的选项。
警惕干扰项：注意选项中的绝对化表述、偏离文章主题的词汇或短语。
Class is in sessin , and Olivia Munn’s 22-mnth-ld sn Malclm is a star student! The mther shared a new vide f herself teaching her sn Mandarin (普通话) befre bed, and he nailed it!
“Chinese lessns ,” she wrte ver a vide f her and Malclm reading a bk befre bed. Malclm std next t his mm t read the bk with her. As Munn said the Mandarin wrd, the baby repeated it back in the cutest little vice, fllwed by a smile and a hug fr his mama. Yu can even hear smene say “Aww!” in the backgrund , which was likely Malclm’s dad Jhn Mulaney. Malclm seemed s prud f himself,and he was s cute!
In her captin (字幕), Munn explained that the bk was a gift frm cmedian Ali Wng.“Thank yu @aliwng fr ur First 100 Mandarin Wrds bk! Malclm lves it!“ she said.
This vide went viral. Actress Melanie Lynskey cmmented, “The lve!!” Whitney Cummings cmmented, “My heart.” “Grwing up multilingual (多语种的)is a magical gift,” ne persn said, “I’ll always be grateful fr my mther insisting n speaking Arabic t us & giving us lessns.” Anther persn cmmented, “I lve this family s much and it’s definitely the cutest family I’ve ever seen.”
The mther ften intrduces Malclm t parts f his Asian rt. They make ndles fr the Lunar New Year, and she’s taken him shpping at an Asian market called H Mart. Nw he’s learning hw t speak Mandarin , and it’s s adrable.
In her latest vide, Munn is reading My First Mandarin Wrds with Grdn & Li Li, written by Michele Wng. The fficial Grdn and Li Li accunt cmmented,“This is the sweetest! We’re s happy yur little guy is having FUN learning Mandarin with Grdn & Li Li! Big thanks t @aliwng fr sharing the Mandarin lve!”
2．The secnd paragraph mainly tells us________.
A．a bedtime stryB．an interactive scene
C．an amusing dadD．a reading cmpetitin
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）When I was nine, my best friend nearly chked t death n a gbstpper, a type f hard candy. After several attempts, she cughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gbstpper since and I have carried with me a fear f seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discvered this week, lightning can strike twice.
I was getting ff a tube train in Lndn when I nticed a wman cughing. I slwed dwn, watching her carefully. I had learned that cughing is rarely a sign that smething is terribly wrng. Suddenly, the wman stpped cughing, her eyes widened and she bent ver.
When I went ver t ask if she was OK, she lked up at me, panicked, and pinted t her back. I started hitting her back and screaming fr help. Despite having watched a few vides, I was terrified that I wuldn’t be able t crrectly perfrm the Heimlich, a first-aid methd, and that I wuld have t walk away with guilt fr her death. But it was just the tw f us, alne at an undergrund statin; if I didn’t try t help, n ne wuld. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her thrat came lse. She thanked me, almst embarrassed, and walked up t the lift. I fllwed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes.
By the time we reached the lift, we had bth calmed dwn. She tk my hands and thanked me again, befre disappearing. She might have been fine withut my hurried hits n her back — I may nt have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that smene, a stranger whm she wuld never see again, cared.
This experience als taught me abut the bystander effect, where peple assume thers assumed t be available during an emergency, direct help frm thers is far less likely t will help, leading t inactin. I get it: the fear f making things wrse, especially if yu have n medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically cmpetent” persn is assumed t be available during an emergency, direct help frm thers is far less likely t ccur. Smetimes, thugh, regardless f wh else culd be nearby, it may be useful t get invlved. S it was with the cughing wman n the tube.
1．Hw did the friend’s chking incident affect the authr?
A．She lived with a sense f guilt.
B．She realized the imprtance f first aid.
C．She develped a fear f witnessing similar events.
D．She deepened her understanding f the bystander effect.
2．What did the authr d t help the wman n the tube?
A．She relieved the wman’s cughing.
B．She walked the wman up t the lift.
C．She fund a “medically cmpetent” persn fr her.
D．She perfrmed first aid by hitting the wman’s back.
3．Which situatin can be described as the bystander effect?
A．Yu vlunteered t help an ld man carrying a heavy bag.
B．Yu asked yur brther wh is a dctr t save a dying wman.
C．Yu avided invlvement when seeing an injured lady n the rad.
D．Yu walked away after the rescue men asked yu t leave the scene.
4．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．A gd tun deserves anther.B．Every clud has a silver lining.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed.D．Actin speaks luder than inactin.
（24-25高三上·山东泰安·开学考试）The Sierra Nevada range is incmparable in scale (规模), and there’s n better way t see it than t appreciate every spectacular view with yur wn hard walking. My husband, ur kids and I planned t cver the nrthern half f the Jhn Muir trail in tw weeks, which is a lng-distance trail in the Sierra Nevada muntain range.
The trail snakes alng the backbne f the High Sierra, past lakes, ver muntain passes, and thrugh dusty pine frests and beautiful wildflwers. We set expectatins befre we started: this wuld be tugh, but wrth it. T get ur kids mre invlved, we let them have the map, decide when t stp fr snacks and chse which lakes t jump int. In this way, they felt empwered.
Fr tw weeks, we didn’t have t wrry abut managing vide game time. Instead, the bys built dams and bridges acrss streams, climbed and swam, and ne lunchtime, spent an hur slapping sleepy flies and feeding them t fish. Smetimes, they refused t carry their packs and cmplained abut feet hurting. But these mments were far utweighed by extrardinary bursts f energy and enthusiasm — particularly when we’d been slgging uphill fr hurs and a muntain tp finally came int view, ur kids even decided we needed t push n.
By the time we finished, we had walked 112 miles, averaging abut 10 miles a day. We had crssed five muntain passes, suffered ft pain and had terrible sleep. But we were right t be cnfident abut ur kids’ ability. Thrugh the adventure, they will, I hpe, understand what they are truly capable f, hw perseverance leads t bigger rewards later n, and what it feels like t be encuraged and supprted s that they can achieve smething great.
5．What des the authr intend t tell us in paragraph 1?
A．Where the Jhn Muir trail leads t.
B．The family have great passin fr hiking.
C．The Sierra Nevada muntain range is wrth hiking.
D．Why the Sierra Nevada range is s attractive t kids.
6．Hw did the cuple give their kids freedm during the adventure?
A．They prmised them a bnus.B．They ffered them enugh snacks.
C．They expsed them t all kinds f animals.D．They gave them the pwer t make decisins.
7．What can we learn abut the kids frm paragraph 3?
A．They liked playing with fish.B．They had a strng will.
C．They were tired but persevering.D．They were unwilling t take this trip at first.
8．What des the authr hpe the kids wuld gain frm this adventure?
A．Strategies fr hiking.B．Sme invaluable life skills.
C．Ways t imprve the family relatinship.D．Gegraphical knwledge abut the trail.
（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）At just 5 years ld, little Selah nticed that many f her fellw kindergarten classmates were struggling with their ABCs and didn’t knw hw t read, s she wanted t d smething. The determined girl enlisted (争取) the help f her parents and The Empwered Readers Literacy Prject was brn.
After listening t their daughter’s cncerns, Khalil and Nicle Thmpsn researched the issue and fund sme shcking infrmatin abut literacy here in America including the fact that 85% f children in the juvenile (少年的) prisn system are functinally illiterate. “All these crazy statistics fr literacy blew ur minds,” says Khalil Thmpsn. “The statistics said sme prisns frecast the number f prisn cells they are ging t build in the future based n third-grade reading test scres.”
Despite the awesme nature f the prblem they were facing, the cuple was spurred n by Selah’s reslutin, “We really, shuld just give away 20 hundred thusand bks,” Nicle remarks, recalling her daughter’s wrds, The family gt t wrk—starting initiatives such as Prject 500 and their Hliday Bk Drive.
As they began, ne f the main issues the family fund, cntributing t illiteracy, was representatin—children are, nt as excited abut reading when they dn’t find themselves reflected in the pages f the bk. And after realizing that very few f the characters in the stries she’d read lked like her. Selah then decided t write a bk f her wn that features a herine wh lks like her and shares her same interests and sense f adventure. In Nvember 2019, Selah’s first bk Penelpe the Private Princess, was published, and the sequel (续集) just released in December 2020.
“There is s mush inspiratin behind the fact that this is a child that wrte this stry and came up with this” says Khalil. “Yu can reclaim yur stry, d yur wn stry, and d all the things that adults at a at yur yung age and yu shuld really knw that yu have pwer in yur vice and ideas.”
9．Why des Khalil mentin the practice f prisns Para.2?
A．T prve the accuracy f his statistics.
B．T stress the imprtance f early reading.
C．T indicate the cnsequences f illiteracy.
D．T predict the trend f future juvenile crime.
10．What can we learn frm the third paragraph?
A．The wrds f Selah frced the cuple t wrk.
B．The parents were encuraged by their daughter.
C．The number f the bk needed is t big t reach.
D．The awesme nature f the prblem surprised the cuple.
11．What’s the prblem Nicle discvered in kid’s bks?
A．Their plts were uninteresting.B．The illustratins were nt lifelike.
C．Kids were represented insufficiently.D．The clrs applied were unattractive.
12．What’s the main character like in Penelpe the Pirate Princess?
A．Wealthy and pwerful.B．Naughty and trublesme.
C．Talented and sensitive.D．Determined and adventurus.
（2024·湖南永州·一模）When in sixth grade, Antni Chw spent hurs n his phne, watching endless vides abut the latest mvies and cars. His family wrried as he became increasingly distant, his eyes glued t his phne’s screen. Sn his grade slipped frm an A t a B．
Hwever, Antni, 13, managed t pull away frm scial media addictin, and his family nticed the shift. He started playing tennis again and ging fr walks with his dad. He and his sister Angelina, 15, jined a grup spending the last year creating vides and brchures n mental health and scial media. Adlescents in the grup have dealt with scial media addictin as the platfrms they frequented fed them uncensred (未经审核的) streams f cntent.
Thrugh the Ls Angeles Public Library’s Teens Leading Change initiative, a grup f teenagers created public service annuncements and brchures that ffer tips n hw they and their peers can maintain healthful habits nline.
One afternn, the teens gathered at the library fr ne final meet-up befre they presented their effrts t family and friends. Emily Meehan, a yung adult librarian, guided them thrugh their planned talking pints. “What’s ne way t use scial media in a healthy and mindful way?” Meehan asked. “While scial media causes lts f issues and stuff, peple have als been using it t cunteract that bad stuff,” Shira Chen, a grup member, replied. “Yes, bdy psitivity,” Meehan said, ndding.
On a Saturday afternn, the grup presented their prject t prud parents. They ffered advice n navigating scial media respnsibly: dn’t use the phne befre ging t bed, set a limit n scial media use, practice gratitude...
Jerry Chw, Antni’s father, said that he was glad t see them take the lead in the cnversatin abut scial media and understanding its effects. Meehan said,“ the prject has prved the teens are seeing hw scial media affects their lives and their peers’ lives, and they aren’t ging t have that. They want t d smething abut it.”
13．What d we knw abut Antni Chw?
A．He was fnd f classic mvies and cars.
B．His grades hardly changed after the phne addictin.
C．He remved scial media addictin with his peers’ help.
D．His experience inspired him t jin a grup t help thers.
14．What did the grup fcus n?
A．Ways t use scial media apprpriately.B．Ways t help adlescents keep mental health.
C．Ways t develp gd study habits at schl.D．Ways t make public service annuncements.
15．What des the underlined “cunteract” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Accuse.B．Tlerate.C．Prevent.D．Distinguish.
16．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Shira Chen disagreed with Emily Meehan.B．Emily Meehan ffered guidance t the grup.
C．Jerry Chw was dubtful abut what Antni did.D．Angelina helped her brther break the addictin.
（2024·北京朝阳·模拟预测）In the 2010s, 34-year-ld Brianne Miller travelled arund the wrld as a marine bilgist. N matter hw remte the lcatin, she made the same alarming discvery: huge amunts f plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed t d smething.
Canadians thrw ut three millin tns f plastic waste each year, 33 percent f which cmes frm fd packaging. Apprximately ne third f all fd prduced wrldwide ges t waste, t. Miller, determined t fix the prblem, imagined a shp that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avided bth wasteful packaging and the bad habit f wasting fd itself.
In June 2018, Miller pened her first zer-waste grcery stre in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed t make the zer-waste shpping experience easy. Yu can bring yur wn cntainers, thugh it’s nt necessary: right by the frnt dr are sanitized (消毒过的) glass r plastic cntainers, free fr the taking.
Nada sells varius fd items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the stre desn’t try t cmpete n price. Fr example, ppcrn with paper package at a regular stre may cst 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a custmer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even s, zer-waste shpping can still cme with savings. Take prducts that typically cme packaged in large cntainers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part f the traditinal cst wuld be in that glass jar.
Althugh the early days f the pandemic were tugh n the business, Miller timely turned t nline rdering and delivery, thugh in a very Nada way. Everything frm live il t fresh eggs cmes delivered in sanitized cntainers, which are cllected with the next rund f deliveries.
Thse cntainers d s much mre than just reduce waste. They get peple thinking big, just as Miller hped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, s yu can see hw many times the cntainer has been used,” she says, and then smiles.
17．Brianne Miller was inspired t start her business by the fact that ______.
A．fd packaging generated tns f wasteB．plastic litters psed a threat t marine life
C．peple frmed the bad habit f wasting fdD．lts f fd prduced wrldwide went t waste
18．Which f the fllwing can best describe Miller?
A．Brave and cautius.B．Caring and humrus.
C．Creative and determined.D．Optimistic and thughtful.
19．What can be learned frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Miller thinks her effrts wrthwhile.
B．Miller stpped her business during the pandemic.
C．Nada suffered serius lsses because f the pandemic.
D．Cntainers were recycled during the pandemic t save mney.
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）When I was nine, my best friend nearly chked t death n a gbstpper, a type f hard candy. After several attempts, she cughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gbstpper since and I have carried with me a fear f seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discvered this week, lightning can strike twice.
I was getting ff a tube train in Lndn when I nticed a wman cughing. I slwed dwn, watching her carefully. I had learned that cughing is rarely a sign that smething is terribly wrng. Suddenly, the wman stpped cughing, her eyes widened and she bent ver.
When I went ver t ask if she was OK, she lked up at me, panicked, and pinted t her back. I started hitting her back and screaming fr help. Despite having watched a few vides, I was terrified that I wuldn’t be able t crrectly perfrm the Heimlich, a first-aid methd, and that I wuld have t walk away with guilt fr her death. But it was just the tw f us, alne at an undergrund statin; if I didn’t try t help, n ne wuld. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her thrat came lse. She thanked me, almst embarrassed, and walked up t the lift. I fllwed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes.
By the time we reached the lift, we had bth calmed dwn. She tk my hands and thanked me again, befre disappearing. She might have been fine withut my hurried hits n her back — I may nt have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that smene, a stranger whm she wuld never see again, cared.
This experience als taught me abut the bystander effect, where peple assume thers assumed t be available during an emergency, direct help frm thers is far less likely t will help, leading t inactin. I get it: the fear f making things wrse, especially if yu have n medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically cmpetent” persn is assumed t be available during an emergency, direct help frm thers is far less likely t ccur. Smetimes, thugh, regardless f wh else culd be nearby, it may be useful t get invlved. S it was with the cughing wman n the tube.
1．Hw did the friend’s chking incident affect the authr?
A．She lived with a sense f guilt.
B．She realized the imprtance f first aid.
C．She develped a fear f witnessing similar events.
D．She deepened her understanding f the bystander effect.
2．What did the authr d t help the wman n the tube?
A．She relieved the wman’s cughing.
B．She walked the wman up t the lift.
C．She fund a “medically cmpetent” persn fr her.
D．She perfrmed first aid by hitting the wman’s back.
3．Which situatin can be described as the bystander effect?
A．Yu vlunteered t help an ld man carrying a heavy bag.
B．Yu asked yur brther wh is a dctr t save a dying wman.
C．Yu avided invlvement when seeing an injured lady n the rad.
D．Yu walked away after the rescue men asked yu t leave the scene.
4．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．A gd tun deserves anther.B．Every clud has a silver lining.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed.D．Actin speaks luder than inactin.
（24-25高三上·山东泰安·开学考试）The Sierra Nevada range is incmparable in scale (规模), and there’s n better way t see it than t appreciate every spectacular view with yur wn hard walking. My husband, ur kids and I planned t cver the nrthern half f the Jhn Muir trail in tw weeks, which is a lng-distance trail in the Sierra Nevada muntain range.
The trail snakes alng the backbne f the High Sierra, past lakes, ver muntain passes, and thrugh dusty pine frests and beautiful wildflwers. We set expectatins befre we started: this wuld be tugh, but wrth it. T get ur kids mre invlved, we let them have the map, decide when t stp fr snacks and chse which lakes t jump int. In this way, they felt empwered.
Fr tw weeks, we didn’t have t wrry abut managing vide game time. Instead, the bys built dams and bridges acrss streams, climbed and swam, and ne lunchtime, spent an hur slapping sleepy flies and feeding them t fish. Smetimes, they refused t carry their packs and cmplained abut feet hurting. But these mments were far utweighed by extrardinary bursts f energy and enthusiasm — particularly when we’d been slgging uphill fr hurs and a muntain tp finally came int view, ur kids even decided we needed t push n.
By the time we finished, we had walked 112 miles, averaging abut 10 miles a day. We had crssed five muntain passes, suffered ft pain and had terrible sleep. But we were right t be cnfident abut ur kids’ ability. Thrugh the adventure, they will, I hpe, understand what they are truly capable f, hw perseverance leads t bigger rewards later n, and what it feels like t be encuraged and supprted s that they can achieve smething great.
5．What des the authr intend t tell us in paragraph 1?
A．Where the Jhn Muir trail leads t.
B．The family have great passin fr hiking.
C．The Sierra Nevada muntain range is wrth hiking.
D．Why the Sierra Nevada range is s attractive t kids.
6．Hw did the cuple give their kids freedm during the adventure?
A．They prmised them a bnus.B．They ffered them enugh snacks.
C．They expsed them t all kinds f animals.D．They gave them the pwer t make decisins.
7．What can we learn abut the kids frm paragraph 3?
A．They liked playing with fish.B．They had a strng will.
C．They were tired but persevering.D．They were unwilling t take this trip at first.
8．What des the authr hpe the kids wuld gain frm this adventure?
A．Strategies fr hiking.B．Sme invaluable life skills.
C．Ways t imprve the family relatinship.D．Gegraphical knwledge abut the trail.
（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）At just 5 years ld, little Selah nticed that many f her fellw kindergarten classmates were struggling with their ABCs and didn’t knw hw t read, s she wanted t d smething. The determined girl enlisted (争取) the help f her parents and The Empwered Readers Literacy Prject was brn.
After listening t their daughter’s cncerns, Khalil and Nicle Thmpsn researched the issue and fund sme shcking infrmatin abut literacy here in America including the fact that 85% f children in the juvenile (少年的) prisn system are functinally illiterate. “All these crazy statistics fr literacy blew ur minds,” says Khalil Thmpsn. “The statistics said sme prisns frecast the number f prisn cells they are ging t build in the future based n third-grade reading test scres.”
Despite the awesme nature f the prblem they were facing, the cuple was spurred n by Selah’s reslutin, “We really, shuld just give away 20 hundred thusand bks,” Nicle remarks, recalling her daughter’s wrds, The family gt t wrk—starting initiatives such as Prject 500 and their Hliday Bk Drive.
As they began, ne f the main issues the family fund, cntributing t illiteracy, was representatin—children are, nt as excited abut reading when they dn’t find themselves reflected in the pages f the bk. And after realizing that very few f the characters in the stries she’d read lked like her. Selah then decided t write a bk f her wn that features a herine wh lks like her and shares her same interests and sense f adventure. In Nvember 2019, Selah’s first bk Penelpe the Private Princess, was published, and the sequel (续集) just released in December 2020.
“There is s mush inspiratin behind the fact that this is a child that wrte this stry and came up with this” says Khalil. “Yu can reclaim yur stry, d yur wn stry, and d all the things that adults at a at yur yung age and yu shuld really knw that yu have pwer in yur vice and ideas.”
9．Why des Khalil mentin the practice f prisns Para.2?
A．T prve the accuracy f his statistics.
B．T stress the imprtance f early reading.
C．T indicate the cnsequences f illiteracy.
D．T predict the trend f future juvenile crime.
10．What can we learn frm the third paragraph?
A．The wrds f Selah frced the cuple t wrk.
B．The parents were encuraged by their daughter.
C．The number f the bk needed is t big t reach.
D．The awesme nature f the prblem surprised the cuple.
11．What’s the prblem Nicle discvered in kid’s bks?
A．Their plts were uninteresting.B．The illustratins were nt lifelike.
C．Kids were represented insufficiently.D．The clrs applied were unattractive.
12．What’s the main character like in Penelpe the Pirate Princess?
A．Wealthy and pwerful.B．Naughty and trublesme.
C．Talented and sensitive.D．Determined and adventurus.
（2024·湖南永州·一模）When in sixth grade, Antni Chw spent hurs n his phne, watching endless vides abut the latest mvies and cars. His family wrried as he became increasingly distant, his eyes glued t his phne’s screen. Sn his grade slipped frm an A t a B．
Hwever, Antni, 13, managed t pull away frm scial media addictin, and his family nticed the shift. He started playing tennis again and ging fr walks with his dad. He and his sister Angelina, 15, jined a grup spending the last year creating vides and brchures n mental health and scial media. Adlescents in the grup have dealt with scial media addictin as the platfrms they frequented fed them uncensred (未经审核的) streams f cntent.
Thrugh the Ls Angeles Public Library’s Teens Leading Change initiative, a grup f teenagers created public service annuncements and brchures that ffer tips n hw they and their peers can maintain healthful habits nline.
One afternn, the teens gathered at the library fr ne final meet-up befre they presented their effrts t family and friends. Emily Meehan, a yung adult librarian, guided them thrugh their planned talking pints. “What’s ne way t use scial media in a healthy and mindful way?” Meehan asked. “While scial media causes lts f issues and stuff, peple have als been using it t cunteract that bad stuff,” Shira Chen, a grup member, replied. “Yes, bdy psitivity,” Meehan said, ndding.
On a Saturday afternn, the grup presented their prject t prud parents. They ffered advice n navigating scial media respnsibly: dn’t use the phne befre ging t bed, set a limit n scial media use, practice gratitude...
Jerry Chw, Antni’s father, said that he was glad t see them take the lead in the cnversatin abut scial media and understanding its effects. Meehan said,“ the prject has prved the teens are seeing hw scial media affects their lives and their peers’ lives, and they aren’t ging t have that. They want t d smething abut it.”
13．What d we knw abut Antni Chw?
A．He was fnd f classic mvies and cars.
B．His grades hardly changed after the phne addictin.
C．He remved scial media addictin with his peers’ help.
D．His experience inspired him t jin a grup t help thers.
14．What did the grup fcus n?
A．Ways t use scial media apprpriately.B．Ways t help adlescents keep mental health.
C．Ways t develp gd study habits at schl.D．Ways t make public service annuncements.
15．What des the underlined “cunteract” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Accuse.B．Tlerate.C．Prevent.D．Distinguish.
16．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Shira Chen disagreed with Emily Meehan.B．Emily Meehan ffered guidance t the grup.
C．Jerry Chw was dubtful abut what Antni did.D．Angelina helped her brther break the addictin.
（2024·北京朝阳·模拟预测）In the 2010s, 34-year-ld Brianne Miller travelled arund the wrld as a marine bilgist. N matter hw remte the lcatin, she made the same alarming discvery: huge amunts f plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed t d smething.
Canadians thrw ut three millin tns f plastic waste each year, 33 percent f which cmes frm fd packaging. Apprximately ne third f all fd prduced wrldwide ges t waste, t. Miller, determined t fix the prblem, imagined a shp that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avided bth wasteful packaging and the bad habit f wasting fd itself.
In June 2018, Miller pened her first zer-waste grcery stre in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed t make the zer-waste shpping experience easy. Yu can bring yur wn cntainers, thugh it’s nt necessary: right by the frnt dr are sanitized (消毒过的) glass r plastic cntainers, free fr the taking.
Nada sells varius fd items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the stre desn’t try t cmpete n price. Fr example, ppcrn with paper package at a regular stre may cst 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a custmer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even s, zer-waste shpping can still cme with savings. Take prducts that typically cme packaged in large cntainers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part f the traditinal cst wuld be in that glass jar.
Althugh the early days f the pandemic were tugh n the business, Miller timely turned t nline rdering and delivery, thugh in a very Nada way. Everything frm live il t fresh eggs cmes delivered in sanitized cntainers, which are cllected with the next rund f deliveries.
Thse cntainers d s much mre than just reduce waste. They get peple thinking big, just as Miller hped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, s yu can see hw many times the cntainer has been used,” she says, and then smiles.
17．Brianne Miller was inspired t start her business by the fact that ______.
A．fd packaging generated tns f wasteB．plastic litters psed a threat t marine life
C．peple frmed the bad habit f wasting fdD．lts f fd prduced wrldwide went t waste
18．Which f the fllwing can best describe Miller?
A．Brave and cautius.B．Caring and humrus.
C．Creative and determined.D．Optimistic and thughtful.
19．What can be learned frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Miller thinks her effrts wrthwhile.
B．Miller stpped her business during the pandemic.
C．Nada suffered serius lsses because f the pandemic.
D．Cntainers were recycled during the pandemic t save mney.
【2024.北京高考真题】When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and jyusly making marks n the walls at hme. In primary schl, I learned t write using chalks. Writing seemed t be anther frm f drawing. I shaped individual letters int repeating lines, which were abstract frms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secndary schl, art was my favurite subject. Since. I lved it s much I thught I was gd at it. Fr the art O-level exam I had t present an il painting. I fund it difficult, but still hped t pass. I failed, with a lw grade. I’d been ver-cnfident. Nw I’d been declared talentless.
But ther channels f creativity stayed pen: I went n writing pems and stries. Still, I went t exhibitins ften. I cntinued my habitual drawing, which I nw characterised as childish ddling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways f lking at art. Hwever, I culdn’t let myself have a g at actually ding it. Thugh these new friends were abstract painters using il paints, r were printmakers r sculptrs, I tk il painting as the tab (禁忌) high frm I wasn’t allwed t practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big wman in red apprached me, handed me a bag f paints, and tld me t start painting. The dream felt s authritative that it shk me. It was a frm f energy, giving me back smething I’d lst. Accrdingly, I started by experimenting with water clurs. Finally, I bught sme il paints.
Althugh I have enjyed breaking my decades-lng tab abut wrking with il paints, I have discvered I nw prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn int cartns I send t friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxius. This time arund, I can accept my limitatins but keep ging.
Becming a successful painter calls fr being reslute. I realised I was always afraid f wanting t much. That dream reminded me that thse fears and desires culd encurage me t take risks and make experiments.
24. Hw did the authr feel abut the result f the art exam?
A. Scared.B. Wrried.C. Discuraged.D. Wrnged.
25. In her 30s, the authr _________.
A. avided il painting practiceB. sught fr a painting career
C. fancied abstract paintingD. exhibited child paintings
26. Which wrd wuld best describe the authr’s dream?
A. Cnfusing.B. Empwering.
C. Disturbing.D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Actins speak luder than wrds.B. Hard wrk is the mther f success.
C. Dreams are the reflectins f realities.D. Creative activities invlve being cnfident.
【2023.北京高考真题】Sitting in the garden fr my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pcket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started ff: “Dear Mr Green, thank yu fr yur interest” and “the review prcess tk lnger than expected.” It ended with “We are srry t infrm yu…” and my visin blurred (模糊). The psitin—measuring sil quality in the Sahara Desert as part f an undergraduate research prgramme — had felt like the answer I had spent years lking fr.
I had put s much time and emtinal energy int applying, and I thught the rejectin meant the end f the rad fr my science career.
S I was shcked when, nt lng after the email, Prfessr Mary Devn, wh was running the prgramme, invited me t bserve the wrk being dne in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shcked—and verjyed—when she invited me t talk with her abut ptential prjects I culd pursue in her lab. What she prpsed didn’t seem as exciting as the riginal prject I had applied t, but I was ging t give it my all.
I fund myself wrking with a rbtics prfessr n techniques fr cllecting data frm the desert remtely. That prject, which I culd cmplete frm my sfa instead f in the burning heat f the desert, nt nly survived the lckdwn but wrked where traditinal methds didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest t pursue.
When I applied t graduate schl, I fund three prgrammes prmising t allw me t fllw my desired research directin. And I applied with the same anxius excitement as befre. When I was rejected frm ne that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) t keep it frm sending me int panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted int ne f the ther prgrammes I was als excited abut.
Rather than setting plans in stne, I’ve learned that smetimes I need t take the pprtunities that are ffered, even if they dn’t sund perfect at the time, and make the mst f them.
4．Hw did the authr feel upn seeing the email sender’s name?
A．Anxius.B．Angry.C．Surprised.D．Settled.
5．After talking with Prfessr Devn, the authr decided t ________.
A．criticise the review prcessB．stay lnger in the Sahara Desert
C．apply t the riginal prject againD．put his heart and sul int the lab wrk
6．Accrding t the authr, the prject with the rbtics prfessr was ________.
A．demandingB．inspiringC．misleadingD．amusing
7．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．An invitatin is a reputatin.B．An innvatin is a reslutin.
C．A rejectin can be a redirectin.D．A reflectin can be a restrictin.
（2022·北京·高考真题）“What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, because imagining smething that isn’t part f real life—and learning hw t make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result—an apprach knwn as systems thinking—is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial t achieving targets such as zer hunger and better nutritin because it requires cnsidering the way in which fd is prduced, prcessed, delivered and cnsumed, and lking at hw thse things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the envirnment, ecnmics and sciety. Accrding t systems thinking, changing the fd system—r any ther netwrk—requires three things t happen. First, researchers need t identify all the players in that system; secnd, they must wrk ut hw they relate t each ther; and third, they need t understand and quantify the impact f thse relatinships n each ther and n thse utside the system.
Take nutritin. In the latest UN reprt n glbal fd security, the number f undernurished (营养不良 )peple in the wrld has been rising, despite great advances in nutritin science. Tracking f 150 bichemicals in fd has been imprtant in revealing the relatinships between calries, sugar, fat and the ccurrence f cmmn diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse that human diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals—and that the vast majrity are nt knwn. This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems thinking - which,in this example, is t identify mre cnstituent parts f the nutritin system.
A systems apprach t creating change is als built n the assumptin that everyne in the system has equal pwer. But as sme researchers find, the fd system is nt an equal ne. A gd way t redress (修正 ) such pwer imbalance is fr mre universities t d what Crystal did and teach students hw t think using a systems apprach.
Mre researchers, plicymakers and representatives frm the fd industry must learn t lk beynd their direct lines f respnsibility and adpt a systems apprach. Crystal knew that visins alne dn’t prduce results, but cncluded that “we’ll never prduce results that we can’t envisin”.
8．The authr uses the questin underlined in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A．illustrate an argumentB．highlight an pinin
C．intrduce the tpicD．predict the ending
9．What can be inferred abut the field f nutritin?
A．The first bjective f systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B．The relatinships amng players have been clarified.
C．Machine learning can slve the nutritin prblem.
D．The impact f nutritin cannt be quantified.
10．As fr systems thinking, which wuld the authr agree with?
A．It may be used t justify pwer imbalance.
B．It can be applied t tackle challenges.
C．It helps t prve why hunger exists.
D．It ges beynd human imaginatin.
阅读理解
2024
主题语境
话题
人与自我
作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性
2023
人与自我
作者职业成功的经历
2022
人与社会
参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑
年份
卷别
主题语境
话题分类
2024
新高考I卷
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美国兽医采用针灸技术治疗动物
新高考II卷
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旧金山捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务
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感受电话亭变迁
2023
新高考I卷
人与自然
生态机器净化污水
新高考II卷
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Urban Spruts花园项目帮助学生通过体验乡村生活。
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DIY高手Terri Bltnis的技能
全国乙卷
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风景摄影师
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在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式
天津卷
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成为了社区管弦乐团的首席
2022
新高考II卷
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孙子把儿童读物当成平板电脑
全国甲卷
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Ginni Balintn往南极洲的旅程
天津卷
人与我
获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目