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这是一份考点23 高考高频考点完形填空记叙文&说明文（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用），文件包含考点23高考高频考点完形填空记叙文说明文教师版备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义北京专用docx、考点23高考高频考点完形填空记叙文说明文学生版备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义北京专用docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共78页， 欢迎下载使用。
北京近三年高考真题考点分布
其他省份高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
根据近三年高考题可知高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅、突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，。语言简单，长句不多，没有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行适当行适当考查。
【备考策略】
1. 速度全文知主旨：根据首句给出的提示，快速通读全文，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，，理清脉络，把握中心。写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心主旨大意有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
2. 先易后难加连贯：记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，在阅读时根据题型特点解答出较容易的题后，应当结合上下文，分析具体情节，认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的态度和观点，推断出更难一些的态度判断题。
3. 复读全文验答案：填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。
【命题预测】
预测2025年完形填空对仍然会以记叙文为主说明文为辅。

近年高考卷完形填空文章长度250词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。
主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。文章要求考生在正确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间的联系。
考查以语篇内容理解为主，注重对文章语境的理解和把握。从表面看考学生的词汇知识，实际上是以文章为裁体，全面考察学生对文章的总体把握和全面理解，同时还考察学生的逻辑分析，推理等思维能力。
高考完形填空把考查上下文语境放在第一位，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，设空间距为10-15词，每小题所给的四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。
记叙文类完形填空解题要点
说明文类完形填空解题要点
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）Making My Own Bicycle
It was a Saturday mrning. James and I were at the Bamb Bicycle Club, ready fr ur bamb bicycle building curse.
The first step was setting up the structure fr hlding the frame (骨架) in place. After that we were tld t 1 the bamb t be f use, which was a delicate jb. There were several things t 2 . Of curse, finding pieces that were the clr we wanted was just as imprtant.
The rest f the afternn was spent 3 each piece f the frame int the structure. Bamb is fairly flexible, and this particular 4 meant that sme adjustments were really necessary. One prblem lining up the tw chains causes 5 made ur frame useless. Luckily, hwever, after sme careful 6 , we cnfirmed that it was alright. There was just enugh space t fit a wheel.
On Sunday mrning we returned t the wrkshp t cmplete the final 7 . We began t tightly wrap each jint n the frame, t keep it 8 with natural fibers kept in special glue. All that was left nw was fr it t dry. In a few hurs we wuld be fficial members f the Bamb Bicycle Club.
Finally we finished ur jb. I culdn’t wait t 9 ur bicycle t find ut what it was really like t ride a bamb bicycle. It felt just as 10 as any bicycle, but sfter and mre relaxed. Nw, every time I get n ur bicycle, I can’t help smiling. It reminds me f when James and I built it and makes me prud f myself.
1．A．returnB．cverC．deliverD．select
2．A．bring inB．watch frC．take verD．give away
3．A．fixingB．changingC．leavingD．mixing
4．A．angleB．psitinC．qualityD．stage
5．A．nlyB．almstC．seldmD．still
6．A．checksB．requestsC．preparatinsD．links
7．A．reprtB．cmmandC．judgementD．prcess
8．A．smthB．heavyC．firmD．slim
9．A．chargeB．testC．seekD．equip
10．A．cmplicatedB．accurateC．suitableD．capable
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。一个星期六的早晨，作者和詹姆斯在竹制自行车俱乐部，准备他们的竹制自行车建造课程。文章讲述了制作过程和感受。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我们被告知要挑选可用的竹子，这是一项精细的工作。A. return返回；B. cver覆盖；C. deliver递送；D. select挑选。根据“t be f use”可知，此处是指挑选出可用的竹子。故选D。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有几件事需要注意。A. bring in引进；B. watch fr注意；C. take ver接管；D. give away赠送。根据“which was a delicate jb”可知，因为这个工作很精细，所以有几件事需要注意。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午剩下的时间都用来固定框架的每一块到结构上。A. fixing固定；B. changing改变；C. leaving离开；D. mixing混合。根据“each piece f the frame”和“int the structure”可知，此处是指固定框架的每一块到结构上。故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：竹子是相当灵活的，这种特殊的质量意味着一些调整是非常必要的。A. angle角度；B. psitin位置；C. quality质量；D. stage舞台。根据“Bamb is fairly flexible”可知，this是指竹子的特质。故选C。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：连接这两条链子导致的一个问题几乎让我们的框架无用。A. nly只有；B. almst几乎；C. seldm很少；D. still仍然。根据“Luckily”可知，最后问题解决了，所以是几乎让我们的框架无用。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，幸运的是，经过一些仔细的检查，我们确认它没有问题。A. checks检查；B. requests要求；C. preparatins准备；D. links连接。根据“cnfirmed”可知，此处是指通过仔细的检查确认没有问题。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：周日上午，我们回到车间完成最后的工序。A. reprt报告；B. cmmand命令；C. judgement判断；D. prcess工艺流程。根据“we returned t the wrkshp”可知，此处是指完成最后的工序。故选D。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们开始把每个连接处都紧紧地包裹在框架上，用天然纤维和特殊胶水粘合牢固。A. smth光滑的；B. heavy沉重的；C. firm牢固的；D. slim苗条的。根据“We began t tightly wrap each jint n the frame”可知，此处是指把它粘牢。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想试试我们的自行车，看看骑一辆竹制自行车到底是什么感觉。A. charge充电；B. test测试；C. seek寻找；D. equip配备。根据“t find ut what it was really like t ride a bamb bicycle”可知，此处是指试试自行车。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它感觉和任何自行车一样好用，但更柔软、更放松。A. cmplicated复杂的；B. accurate精确的；C. suitable适合的；D. capable有能力的。根据“as any bicycle”可知，这辆自行车虽然是竹子做的，但是和其它自行车一样好用。故选D。
（2024·北京大兴·模拟预测）I’ve been paralyzed (瘫痪的) since childhd and I started using a wheelchair in first grade. S I’ve had 30 years t learn just hw 1 I am and just hw ften peple assume I’m helpless.
As a culture, Americans are 2 that disability is smething they’ve figured ut. Disability desn’t define anyne; try t be 3 ; and the rule that guides them all: be kind.
Well, here’s the 4 : we lk thrugh the eyes f nndisabled peple s regularly that we 5 t ask even ne f the many questins hvering (停留) arund the disabled recipients f “help”. Did yu want anyne’s help? Was it 6 helpful?
“S hw am I suppsed t be helpful?” yu might be asking. Yu have t 7 the persn in frnt f yu. What signals are they giving yu? What expressin d yu see n their face? If yu really can’t 8 , yu can ask, but if smene says, “N thank yu,” listen.
Like anyne else, disabled peple are bth capable and in need f sme help. If yu want t be genuinely, actively “ 9 ” t disabled peple, invite them int yur rganizatins, businesses and prgrams. Include disabled engineers and cmedians and lawyers and teachers in yur wrld. This kind f 10 is a kindness fr all f us, because listening t vices that are typically silenced brings t the table creativity, innvatin and pwer.
1．A．capableB．desperateC．friendlyD．respnsible
2．A．prmisedB．cnvincedC．trustedD．questined
3．A．braveB．hnestC．helpfulD．grateful
4．A．testB．changeC．reasnD．prblem
5．A．frgetB．refuseC．cntinueD．pretend
6．A．stillB．alsC．evenD．already
7．A．believe inB．catch up withC．smile atD．pay attentin t
8．A．tellB．answerC．lieD．fcus
9．A．kindB．usefulC．faithfulD．plite
10．A．guidanceB．prfessinC．perfrmanceD．inclusin
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．A 10．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作为从小就瘫痪的人，作者认为残疾人和其他人一样，既有能力，也需要帮助，人们应该对残疾人真诚地、积极地“善待”，从他们的意愿考虑问题，将残疾人容纳进自己的世界。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以我用了30年的时间来了解我有多能干，以及人们有多经常认为我很无助。A. capable有能力的；B. desperate不顾一切的；C. friendly友好的；D. respnsible负责任的。根据后文“Like anyne else, disabled peple are bth capable and in need f sme help.(和其他人一样，残疾人既有能力，也需要一些帮助。)”可知，此处是指了解自己有多能干。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一种文化，美国人相信残疾是他们已经明白的事情。A. prmised承诺；B. cnvinced使确信；C. trusted信任；D. questined质疑。根据“As a culture”可知，此处是指美国人相信残疾是他们已经明白的事情。故选B。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：残疾不能定义任何人；试着提供帮助；指导他们的准则是：善良。A. brave勇敢的；B. hnest诚实的；C. helpful乐于助人的；D. grateful感激的。根据“and the rule that guides them all: be kind”可知，此处是指试着提供帮助。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好吧，问题是：我们经常通过非残疾人的眼睛看问题，以至于我们忘记问那些徘徊在残疾人“帮助”接受者周围的许多问题中的一个。A. test测验；B. change变化；C. reasn原因；D. prblem问题。根据“we lk thrugh the eyes f nndisabled peple s regularly that”可知，此处是指问题。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：好吧，问题是：我们经常通过非残疾人的眼睛看问题，以至于我们忘记问那些徘徊在残疾人“帮助”接受者周围的许多问题中的一个。A. frget忘记；B. refuse拒绝；C. cntinue继续；D. pretend假装。根据“we lk thrugh the eyes f nndisabled peple s regularly that”和后文“Did yu want anyne’s help?(你需要某人的帮忙吗？)”可知，此处是指我们忘记问残疾人自己是否愿意接受帮助。故选A。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上这有帮助吗？A. still仍然；B. als也；C. even实际上；D. already已经。根据前文“Did yu want anyne’s help?”可知，此处是指这实际上有没有帮助。故选C。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你必须注意你面前的人。A. believe in信仰；B. catch up with追上，赶上；C. smile at对……微笑；D. pay attentin t注意。根据后文“What signals are they giving yu? What expressin d yu see n their face?(他们给了你什么信号？你在他们脸上看到了什么表情？)”可知，此处是指你必须注意你面前的人。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你真的无法分辨，你可以问，但如果有人说，“不，谢谢。”要听从。A. tell区分；B. answer回答；C. lie说谎；D. fcus集中。根据前文“What signals are they giving yu? What expressin d yu see n their face?”可知，此处是指如果你无法分辨。故选A。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你想真诚地、积极地“善待”残疾人，邀请他们加入你的组织、业务和项目。A. kind友好的；B. useful有用的；C. faithful忠实的；D. plite有礼貌的。根据后文“a kindness fr all f us(这是对我们所有人的友善)”可知，此处是指真诚地、积极地“善待”残疾人。故选A。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种包容对我们所有人都是一种善意，因为倾听那些通常被沉默的声音会带来创造力、创新和力量。A. guidance指导；B. prfessin专业；C. perfrmance表演；D. inclusin包容。根据前文“Include disabled engineers and cmedians and lawyers and teachers in yur wrld.(把残疾工程师、喜剧演员、律师和教师容纳进你的世界。)”可知，此处是指这种包容。故选D。
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）A nurse named Aly Hgarth has reunited with a mther and daughter at the same hspital ship 30 years after saving their lives.
In 1993, Ms Hgarth was turing a hspital ship in Sierra Lene when she knew that a patient Catherine Cnteh needed a Caesarean sectin (剖腹产手术), but she culdn’t 11 it. Ms Hgarth cntacted her clleagues and they paid fr the 170 surgery, s that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, culd be 12 . Later, Ms Hgarth vlunteered t take care f her in the hspital, 13 her wund and teaching her hw t feed the baby. In this way Ms Hgarth frmed a 14 with the mther and the baby, but they lst 15 when she returned hme t New Zealand.
Ms Hgarth, nw 52, vlunteered fr charity Mercy Ships. Surprisingly, she 16 Catherine and Regina at the same hspital ship. They bth became nurses, inspired by Ms Hgarth, and Regina nw has a child f her wn.
Ms Hgarth said, “T see Catherine in persn again, it’s very unreal really. It’s nt smething I 17 expected until we made cntact again. Fr me, I felt 18 at the mment when we met and didn’t knw hw t react.” “We just cried and cried,” Catherine said. “Regina and I wuld have died withut Ms Hgarth’s pure lve.”
“It’s really 19 t see Catherine again,” Ms Hgarth shared. “I thught abut her every time I tld that stry fr the last 30 years. I knw it was a significant time — realizing that yu can make a real 20 by ding smething.”
11．A．cancelB．bearC．affrdD．accept
12．A．examinedB．deliveredC．adptedD．attended
13．A．receivingB．remvingC．dressingD．discvering
14．A．habitB．traditinC．planD．bnd
15．A．tuchB．cntrlC．hpeD．directin
16．A．called nB．came acrssC．lked afterD．kept ff
17．A．everB．stillC．evenD．just
18．A．inspiredB．disappintedC．cncernedD．excited
19．A．impssibleB．amazingC．challengingD．simple
20．A．effrtB．cmmitmentC．decisinD．difference
【答案】
11．C 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文属于记叙文，讲述了护士Aly Hgarth在30年前于医院船上救助了一位名叫Catherine Cnteh的母亲，并帮助她顺利生下女儿Regina的故事。多年后，她们在同一艘医院船上重逢。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1993年，Hgarth女士在Sierra Lene参观一艘医疗船时，得知病人凯Catherine Cnteh需要剖腹产，但她负担不起。A. cancel取消；B. bear忍受；C. affrd负担得起；D. accept接受。根据下文的“Ms Hgarth cntacted her clleagues and they paid fr the 170 surgery”可知，Catherine Cnteh无法负担手术费。故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hgarth女士联系了她的同事，同事们支付了 170 美元的手术费，这样凯瑟琳的女儿Regina就可以顺利降生了。A. examined检查；B. delivered接生；C. adpted采纳，收养；D. attended出席。根据上文的“a patient Catherine Cnteh needed a Caesarean sectin (剖腹产手术)”可知，Catherine需要剖腹产，孩子需要接生。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，Hgarth女士自愿在医院照顾她，帮她包扎伤口，教她如何喂养婴儿。A. receiving接收；B. remving移除；C. dressing给……包扎；D. discvering发现。根据下文的“her wund”可知，此处指为Catherine的伤口进行包扎处理。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，Hgarth女士与母亲和孩子建立了联系，但当她回到新西兰的家中时，她们失去了联系。A. habit习惯；B. traditin传统；C. plan计划；D. bnd联系，纽带。根据上文的“Ms Hgarth vlunteered t take care f her in the hspital, 3 her wund and teaching her hw t feed the baby.”可知，上文描述了Hgarth女士照顾母女的过程，她们之间形成了情感上的联系。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，Hgarth女士与母亲和孩子建立了联系，但当她回到新西兰的家中时，她们失去了联系。A. tuch联系；B. cntrl控制；C. hpe希望；D. directin方向。根据下文的“until we made cntact again”可知，她们曾失去过联系。故选A。
16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她在同一家医院船上偶遇了Catherine和Regina。A. called n拜访；B. came acrss偶然遇见；C. lked after照顾；D. kept ff远离。根据上文的“A nurse named Aly Hgarth has reunited with a mther and daughter at the same hspital ship 30 years after saving their lives.”及下文的“at the same hspital ship”可知，这里是说她们在同一家医院船偶遇。故选B。
17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是我完全没有预料到的，直到我们再次取得联系。A. ever曾经；B. still仍然；C. even甚至；D. just刚刚。根据上文的“T see Catherine in persn again, it’s very unreal really.”可知，Hgarth女士对此感到非常意外，曾经从未料想过。故选A。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们见面的那一刻，我感到很激动，不知道该如何反应。A. inspired受到启发的；B. disappinted失望的；C. cncerned关心的；D. excited兴奋的，激动的。根据下文的“at the mment when we met and didn’t knw hw t react”可知，多年后重逢应是让人感到激动的。故选D。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“再次见到Catherine真是太棒了，”Hgarth女士分享道。A. impssible不可能的；B. amazing惊人的，神奇的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. simple简单的。根据上文的“I thught abut her every time I tld that stry fr the last 30 years”可知，这种重逢的情景对Hgarth来说是惊人而美好的。故选B。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道那是一段重要的时间——意识到你可以通过做一些事情来真正产生影响。A. effrt努力；B. cmmitment承诺；C. decisin决定；D. difference差异，影响。make a difference是固定搭配，表示“有所作为，产生影响”。根据上文的“Ms Hgarth cntacted her clleagues and they paid fr the 170 surgery, s that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, culd be 2 .”可知，Hgarth的行为改变了这对母女的命运，真正产生影响。故选D。
（2024·北京海淀·一模）It was 4:30 pm. As I was packing up, I nticed my clleague had left his laptp bag in the ffice. S I decided t bring it t him. It tk me abut 15 minutes t get t his huse, where I 21 the bag and gt right back n the rad.
Suddenly a snwstrm came and within minutes I was in a whiteut. I stpped because I was afraid f driving int a farmer’s field, r wrse. I kept the car 22 t stay warm and called 911.They tld me t sit tight and wait things ut fr the night.
Thse secnds after the call were 23 . Breathe, I tld myself. Panicking wn’t help.
I texted my clleague, jking abut my gd deed ending in 24 . He suggested I share a satellite view f my 25 n my scial media. And I did s, praying that anyne wh knew the residents f the nearby farms culd get me rescued.
Waiting in the car, I dubted whether 26 wuld be able t cme. Sn enugh, thugh, I gt a message frm smene wh was ging t put me in tuch with them.
At 8 pm, I saw a tall figure in a yellw raincat striding tward me in the dark, carrying a flashlight. I’d never been mre 27 t see smene in my life. It was André Buvier, wh’d walked abut 550 yards t cme get me, fighting the wind and snw each step f the way.
He turned arund and started t trudge thrugh the snw, sure f the directin. I drve behind him, feeling my heart begin t beat mre 28 . When we reached his huse, I burst int tears, all my fears turning int relief and 29 .
The experience has been a game changer fr me. I nw 30 challenges with a sense f calm I’d nt knwn befre. But best f all, it brught André int my life.
21．A．drpped ffB．filled upC．set asideD．put away
22．A．lckedB．parkedC．signalingD．running
23．A．painfulB．criticalC．disappintingD．impressive
24．A．failureB．smkeC．disasterD．mystery
25．A．ruteB．lcatinC．directinD．destinatin
26．A．newsB．helpC．hpeD．faith
27．A．satisfiedB．surprisedC．relievedD．wrried
28．A．slwlyB．excitedlyC．nervuslyD．strngly
29．A．recgnitinB．admiratinC．satisfactinD．appreciatin
30．A．identifyB．presentC．apprachD．anticipate
【答案】
21．A 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者的一次经历。作者为同事送电脑包在返回的路上，遭遇了暴风雪而失去方向，分享被困位置停车等待救援时，一位叫安德烈的人帮助自己摆脱困境，这次经历让作者改变了应对挑战的态度，也从此与安德烈相识。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我花了大约15分钟到达他的家，在那里我放下包，然后马上回到路上。A. drpped ff 放下；B. fill up填满；C. set aside留出；D. put away收好。根据上文的“S I decided t bring it t him.”和本句中的“gt right back n the rad”可知，作者到同事家放下包就回来了。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让汽车发动着以保持温暖，并拨打了911。A. lcked锁上；B. parked停车；C. signaling发信号；D. running奔跑，运行。根据上文的“Suddenly a snwstrm came and within minutes I was in a whiteut.”可知，外面很冷，“我”需要让汽车保持运行状态来取暖。故选D。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通话后的那几秒钟是痛苦的。A. painful痛苦的；B. critical关键的；C. disappinting令人沮丧的；D. impressive令人钦佩的。根据下文的“Breathe, I tld myself. Panicking wn’t help.”可知，“我”在当时那种情况下感到害怕，安慰自己放松下来，因此等待的过程让人感动痛苦。故选A。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给同事发了短信，开玩笑说我的好事以灾难告终。A. failure失败；B. smke 烟雾；C. disaster灾难；D. mystery神秘。根据上文的“Suddenly a snwstrm came and within minutes I was in a whiteut. I stpped because I was afraid f driving int a farmer’s field, r wrse.”可知，“我”把做好事却遭遇暴风雪这件事调侃成灾难。故选 C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他建议我在社交媒体上分享我的位置的卫星视图。A. rute路线；B. lcatin地点；C. directin方向；D. destinatin目的地。根据下文的“And I did s, praying that anyne wh knew the residents f the nearby farms culd get me rescued.”可知，“我”在社交媒体上分享自己的位置，希望有人来救“我”。故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在车里等待时，我怀疑是否有人能够来帮我。作者不确定是否有人能来帮助自己。A. news新闻；B. help帮助；C. hpe希望；D. faith信念。根据下文的“Sn enugh, thugh, I gt a message frm smene wh was ging t put me in tuch with them.”可知，我不确定的“帮助”真的来到了。故选B。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的一生中，我从未如此高兴看到有人。A. satisfied满意的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. relieved宽慰的；D. wrried担心的。“我”看到有人来救助自己，因此会感到很宽慰。故选C。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我开车跟在他后面，感觉自己的心脏开始跳得更慢了。A. slwly 缓慢地；B. excitedly 兴奋地；C. nervusly 紧张地；D. strngly 强烈地。根据上文的“He turned arund and started t trudge thrugh the snw, sure f the directin.”可知，“我”在跟随安德烈走出困境，因此在这种情况下心情不再紧张，心跳得更慢了。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达他的家时，我突然哭了起来，我所有的恐惧都变成了宽慰和感激。A. recgnitin认可；B. admiratin赞赏；C. satisfactin满足；D. appreciatin感激。根据上文的“He turned arund and started t trudge thrugh the snw, sure f the directin.”可知，安德烈帮助“我”走出困境，因此“我”会感到感激。故选 D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我现在面对挑战时带着一种我以前不知道的平静感。A. identify辨认；B. present展示；C. apprach应对；D. anticipate预料。根据上文的“He turned arund and started t trudge thrugh the snw, sure f the directin.”和“When we reached his huse”可知，“我”被成功解救，因此“我”坚信在面对挑战和困难时不会再慌张，会以一种以前没有的平静感去面对它们。故选C。
（2024·北京延庆·一模）We live in a twn, abut half a mile frm the banks f the Ahr River. It had been raining buckets that week and there were 31 warnings fr sme f the nearby areas, but nt where I was.
As a precautin, I’d 32 sandbags utside my garden dr and piled electrnics and clthing n tables and the cuch just in case water managed t see p thrugh.
As I fell asleep, I was 33 by the sund f rushing water. When I swung my legs ff the bed, I was 34 t feel cld water already up t my knees and rising fast. Shivering and in darkness, I grabbed my phne and 35 its flashlight. Water was cming frm the garden dr, and chairs, bkshelves and pieces f my drum set were flating all ver my living rm. The Ahr must have 36 burst its banks and breached the sandbags. And nw I had t get ut — fast!
With the water nw up t my waist, in bare feet I started t paddle t my nly 37 : the dr leading t upstairs. Finally I made it t that dr and tried t pull it pen, but the water’s pressure was high. I managed t make a 38 f abut 30 centimeters with all my strength and effrt, enugh fr me t squeeze thrugh. Rushing dwn utside, I 39 that if I had wken up just a few minutes later, I wuld have drwned.
The experience made me grateful and determined t live each day t its fullest. I will remember what my mther tld me: “Dn’t remember the day when yu 40 everything. Remember the day yu survived.”
31．A．fldB．earthquakeC．drughtD．sandstrm
32．A．cleanedB．liftedC．recveredD．placed
33．A．threatenedB．awakenedC．weakenedD．tightened
34．A．excitedB．shckedC．depressedD．exhausted
35．A．shwed upB．lked upC．turned nD．went n
36．A．carefullyB．graduallyC．vilentlyD．cnstantly
37．A．escapeB．mindC．prblemD．stage
38．A．gapB．depthC．heightD．cut
39．A．pretendedB．prmisedC．imaginedD．realised
40．A．lackedB．fundC．lstD．gained
【答案】
31．A 32．D 33．B 34．B 35．C 36．C 37．A 38．A 39．D 40．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的一次脱险经历。由于连下大雨，使得河流决堤，爆发了洪水，殃及到作者所居住的区域。尽管作者提前做好了“抗洪”准备，但是，洪水的破坏力还是使得作者的家，以及该区域一片狼藉。幸运的是，作者逃生并幸存了下来。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个星期一直下着大雨，附近的一些地区发布了洪水警报，但我所在的地方没有。A. fld洪水；B. earthquake地震；C. drught干旱；D. sandstrm沙尘暴。根据“It had been raining buckets that week”可知，下大雨应是发布洪水警报，故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为预防措施，我在花园门外放了沙袋，把电子产品和衣服堆在桌子和沙发上，以防水浸透。A. cleaned打扫；B. lifted举起，（被）提起；C. recvered恢复；D. placed放置。结合语境及“piled electrnics and clthing n tables and the cuch”可知，此处指在花园门外放了沙袋，故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚睡着，就被哗哗的水声吵醒了。A. threatened威胁；B. awakened（使）醒来；C. weakened削弱，减弱；D. tightened（使）变紧。根据“As I fell asleep”可知，作者正在睡觉，故此处指被水声吵醒，故选B。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把腿从床上甩下来时，我震惊地感到冷水已经没过膝盖，而且还在迅速上升。A. excited兴奋的；B. shcked震惊的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据“t feel cld water already up t my knees and rising fast”可知，作者一觉醒来感到冷水已经没过膝盖，而且还在迅速上升，应是感到震惊，故选B。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在黑暗中瑟瑟发抖，我抓起手机，打开了手电筒。A. shwed up出现；B. lked up查阅，向上看；C. turned n打开；D. went n继续。根据“Shivering and in darkness”可知，作者身处黑暗中，故是抓起手机打开手电筒，故选C。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：阿尔河一定猛烈地冲垮了河岸，冲破了沙袋。A. carefully仔细地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. vilently猛烈地，激烈地；D. cnstantly不断地。根据上文“Water was cming frm the garden dr, and chairs, bkshelves and pieces f my drum set were flating all ver my living rm.(水从花园的门里涌了出来，椅子、书架和我的架子鼓碎片漂浮在客厅里)”可知，家里遭遇洪水，故此处指阿尔河猛烈地冲垮了河岸，故选C。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在水没到我的腰了，我光着脚开始划向我唯一的逃生之处：通往楼上的门。A. escape逃脱；B. mind头脑；C. prblem问题；D. stage舞台。根据空后“the dr leading t upstairs”可知，水位已经到了腰部，作者应是上楼逃生，故选A。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我使出了全身的力气和力气，总算挤出了30厘米左右的空隙，才勉强挤了过去。A. gap间隙，开口；B. depth深度；C. height高度；D. cut划口。根据“enugh fr me t squeeze thrugh”可知，此处指使出浑身力气打开一个间隙挤过去，故选A。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲到外面，意识到如果我几分钟后醒来，我就会淹死。A. pretended假装；B. prmised承诺；C. imagined想象；D. realised意识到。结合空后“if I had wken up just a few minutes later, I wuld have drwned”可知，此处指作者意识到形势的严峻，如果晚几分钟醒来可能就被淹死了。故选D。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会记住妈妈告诉我的话：“不要记得你失去一切的那一天。记住你活下来的那一天。”A. lacked缺少；B. fund发现；C. lst失去；D. gained获得。结合作者的经历以及下文“Remember the day yu survived.”可知，作者从洪水中幸存，故此处指不要想自己失去了一切，而是要记得活下来的那一天，故选C。
（23-24高三下·北京·开学考试）Gang (团伙) tensins were rising at Suthwd High Schl. Sme cmmunity activists held a(n) 41 meeting with parents and the principal. A grup f the fathers 42 decided it was time t make their 43 knwn n campus.
That’s hw Dads n Duty was brn with its gal — make sure the kids are safe. Arund 40 men rganized int six-persn shifts, with tw shifts n campus every day. They 44 the day after the meeting. These peple 45 their wn schedules and cmmitments withut cmplaint. Sme f them are fathers f kids at the schl, while thers are nt but expect the yuth in their cmmunity t knw they have an entire village behind them.
Nw, anyne wh wants t enter the schl with 46 will have t avid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jkes. It’s hard t be a tugh guy when smebdy’s uncle has just 47 yu int checking yur shelaces fr cuntless times, nly t find that they are nt, in fact, untied.
Since Dads n Duty arrived n campus, gang battles have dramatically declined. “The schl has been happy, yu can feel it,” said ne student. Anther tld the Washingtn Pst, “They 48 all the kids like we’re their wn children.”
The dads aren’t meant t 49 security guards. If they d see a fight may ccur, they get security n the scene as sn as pssible. Their presence is meant t be mre 50 than reactinary.
41．A．privateB．difficultC．emergencyD．scheduled
42．A．n dutyB．in attendanceC．at wrkD．under guard
43．A．viceB．statusC．effrtD．presence
44．A．startedB．practicedC．gatheredD．prepared
45．A．checkB．maintainC．sacrificeD．arrange
46．A．cnfusinB．angerC．frightD．shck
47．A．trickedB．persuadedC．frcedD．scared
48．A．trust inB．interact withC．make fun fD．lk up t
49．A．changeB．becmeC．replaceD．criticize
50．A．practicalB．extrardinaryC．tempraryD．preventive
【答案】
41．C 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．B 49．C 50．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在美国Suthwd高中校园里，有一队值班的父亲，号称值班父亲团，他们在校园里的出现使帮派现象减少，在保证孩子们安全的同时，也为孩子们提供了情感援助。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些社区积极分子与家长和校长召开了紧急会议。A. private私有的，私人的；B. difficult困难的；C. emergency紧急的；D. scheduled按时刻表的。根据前文“Gang (团伙) tensins were rising at Suthwd High Schl.”可知，在Suthwd高中，帮派现象愈演愈烈，所以一些社区活跃分子针对此问题举行了紧急会议。故选C。
42．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一群出席会议的父亲们决定，是时候在校园里让人们知道他们的存在了。A. n duty值班；B. in attendance出席；C. at wrk起作用；D. under guard在看守之下。根据上文“Sme cmmunity activists held a(n) ___1___ meeting with parents and the principal.”以及空前“A grup f the fathers”可知，此处指出席会议的父亲们做出了决定，要到校园里轮班。故选B。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一群出席会议的父亲们决定，是时候在校园里让人们知道他们的存在了。A. vice说话声，呼声；B. status地位，身份；C. effrt努力；D. presence在场，存在。根据下文“Arund 40 men rganized int six-persn shifts, with tw shifts n campus every day.”、“Their presence is meant t be mre ___10___ than reactinary.”以及空后“knwn n campus”可知，这些爸爸们决定分组在校园里轮流值班，让人们知道他们的存在，使校园更加安全。故选D。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在会后的第二天就开始了。A. started开始；B. practiced练习；C. gathered聚集；D. prepared准备。根据上文“That’s hw Dads n Duty was brn with its gal — make sure the kids are safe. Arund 40 men rganized int six-persn shifts, with tw shifts n campus every day.”以及空后“the day after the meeting”可知，父亲们为了确保孩子们的安全，决定分组在校园里轮流值班，父亲们做好分工，会后第二天就开始执行。故选A。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些人会毫无怨言地牺牲自己的日程安排和要做的事情。A. check检查；B. maintain保持；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. arrange安排。根据上文“Arund 40 men rganized int six-persn shifts, with tw shifts n campus every day.”以及空后“their wn schedules and cmmitments withut cmplaint”可知，他们毫无怨言牺牲自己的事情来校园里值班，保护孩子的安全。故选C。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，任何想带着愤怒进入学校的人都将不得不避开精力充沛、强壮有力的爸爸们、灿烂的笑容和许多父亲的玩笑。A. cnfusin困惑；B. anger愤怒；C. fright惊吓，恐怖；D. shck震惊。根据后文“will have t avid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jkes.”可知，任何想带着愤怒进入学校的人都难以面对这些精力充沛的爸爸们以及他们灿烂的笑容和玩笑，因此，此处指带着愤怒的人需要避开，anger“愤怒”与“big smiles”相对应。故选B。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当别人的叔叔骗你无数次检查你的鞋带，却发现它们实际上并没有解开时，你很难成为一个粗暴的硬汉。A. tricked欺骗；B. persuaded说服；C. frced强迫；D. scared使惊恐，吓唬。根据空后“yu int checking yur shelaces fr cuntless times, nly t find that they are nt, in fact, untied.”可知，无数次检查你的鞋带，却发现它们实际上并没有解开，所以应是这些叔叔欺骗你检查你的鞋带。故选A。
48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一位学生告诉《华盛顿邮报》：“他们和所有的孩子互动，就像我们是他们自己的孩子一样。”A. trust in信任；B. interact with与……互动；C. make fun f取笑，拿……开玩笑；D. lk up t仰慕，尊敬。根据上文“It’s hard t be a tugh guy when smebdy’s uncle has just ___7___ yu int checking yur shelaces fr cuntless times, nly t find that they are nt, in fact, untied.”以及空后“all the kids like we’re their wn children”可知，这些爸爸们在校园里和孩子们互动，让孩子们很亲切。故选B。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些爸爸并不是用来取代保安的。A. change改变；B. becme变成；C. replace代替，取代；D. criticize批评。根据后文“If they d see a fight may ccur, they get security n the scene as sn as pssible.”可知，如果看到可能会发生打斗，父亲们会呼叫保安到现场，所以这些爸爸不是来代替保安的。故选C。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的存在意味着更多的是预防性的而不是反应式的。A. practical实际的，切实可行的；B. extrardinary非凡的；C. temprary暂时的，临时的；D. preventive预防（性）的。根据前文“If they d see a fight may ccur, they get security n the scene as sn as pssible.”可知，爸爸们看到可能发生打斗就会通知保安，提前预防，而非像保安那样立刻采取反应，所以是预防性的。故选D。
（2023·北京·三模）As a child, I was truly afraid f the dark and f getting lst; these fears were very real and caused me sme uncmfrtable mments.
Maybe it was the strange way things lked and sunded in my familiar rm at night that 51 me s much. There was never ttal 52 , but a streetlight r passing car lights made clthes hung ver a chair take n the 53 f a wild animal. Out f the crner f my eye, I saw the curtains seem t mve when there was n wind. A tiny sund in the flr wuld seem a hundred times luder than in the daylight. My 54 wuld run wild, and my heart wuld beat fast. I wuld 55 very still s that the “enemy” wuld nt discver me.
Anther f my childhd fears was that I wuld get lst, 56 n the way hme frm schl. Every mrning I gt n the schl bus right near my hme — that was n prblem. After schl thugh, when all the buses were 57 up alng the street, I was afraid that I’d get n the wrng ne and be taken t sme unfamiliar neighbrhd. On schl r family trips t a park r a museum, I wuldn’t let the leaders ut f my sight.
Perhaps ne f the wrst fears f all I had as a child was that f nt being liked r 58 by thers. Being ppular was s imprtant t me then, and the fear f nt being liked was a 59 ne.
One f the prcesses f grwing up is being able t recgnize and 60 ur fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.
51．A．wundedB．destryedC．surprisedD．frightened
52．A．quietnessB．darknessC．emptinessD．lneliness
53．A．spiritB．heightC．bdyD．shape
54．A．beliefB．feelingC．imaginatinD．dubt
55．A．lieB．hideC．restD．wake
56．A．especiallyB．ccasinallyC．prbablyD．cnstantly
57．A．calledB．backedC．linedD．packed
58．A．prtectedB．guidedC．believedD．accepted
59．A．strictB．pwerfulC．heavyD．meaningful
60．A．avidB．celebrateC．vercmeD．cntain
【答案】
51．D 52．B 53．D 54．C 55．A 56．A 57．C 58．D 59．B 60．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候所恐惧的一些事情。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许是夜晚在我熟悉的房间里，事物奇怪的样子和声音让我如此害怕。A. wunded受伤；B. destryed破坏；C. surprised使惊讶；D. frightened使害怕。根据第一段“As a child, I was truly afraid f the dark and f getting lst; these fears were very real and caused me sme uncmfrtable mments.(小时候，我真的很怕黑，很怕迷路；这些恐惧是真实存在的，给我带来了一些不舒服的时刻)”可知，事物奇怪的样子和声音让作者害怕。故选D。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从来没有完全的黑暗，但路灯或过往的汽车灯光使挂在椅子上的衣服呈现出野生动物的形状。A. quietness安静；B. darkness黑暗；C. emptiness空；D. lneliness孤独。根据后文“but a streetlight r passing car lights”可知，有灯光，说明没有完全的黑暗。故选B。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从来没有完全的黑暗，但路灯或过往的汽车灯光使挂在椅子上的衣服呈现出野生动物的形状。A. spirit精神；B. height高度；C. bdy身体；D. shape形状。根据后文“f a wild animal”可知，路灯或过往的汽车灯光使挂在椅子上的衣服呈现出野生动物的形状。故选D。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的想象力会变得疯狂，我的心会跳得很快。A. belief相信；B. feeling感觉；C. imaginatin想象力；D. dubt怀疑。根据上文“Out f the crner f my eye, I saw the curtains seem t mve when there was n wind. A tiny sund in the flr wuld seem a hundred times luder than in the daylight.(从眼角余光，我看到窗帘在没有风的时候好像在动。地板上微小的声音会比白天的声音大上百倍)”可知，作者在黑暗里会想象一些不存在的东西，故选C。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会静静地躺着，这样“敌人”就不会发现我。A. lie撒谎，躺下；B. hide隐藏；C. rest休息；D. wake醒来。根据后文“very still s that the “enemy” wuld nt discver me”指作者静静地躺着。故选A。
56．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我童年的另一个恐惧是我会迷路，尤其是在放学回家的路上。A. especially尤其，特别；B. ccasinally偶尔；C. prbably可能；D. cnstantly不断地。根据后文“n the way hme frm schl”指作者尤其在回家的路上会迷路。故选A。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但放学后，当所有的公共汽车都在街上排队时，我担心自己会坐错车，被带到一个不熟悉的社区。A. called打电话；B. backed支持；C. lined排队；D. packed打包。根据后文“up alng the street”指所有的公共汽车都在街上排队，line up表示“排队”。故选C。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我小时候最害怕的事情之一就是不被别人喜欢或接受。A. prtected保护；B. guided指导；C. believed相信；D. accepted接受。根据上文“f nt being liked r”可知，作者害怕不被喜欢或接受。故选D。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时，受欢迎对我来说非常重要，而不被喜欢的恐惧是一种强大的恐惧。A. strict严格的；B. pwerful强大的；C. heavy沉重的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据上文“Being ppular was s imprtant t me then”可知，作者渴望被人喜欢，受欢迎很重要，因此不被喜欢的恐惧是一种强大的恐惧。故选B。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：成长的过程之一就是能够认识并克服我们的恐惧。A. avid避免；B. celebrate庆祝；C. vercme克服；D. cntain包含。根据后文“Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.(了解小时候让我们害怕的事情有助于我们在以后的生活中取得更大的成功)”可知，这里指认识和克服恐惧。故选C。
（2024·北京海淀·二模）Mvement is ur first language; I believe we’re brn t dance. I’ve always had a special liking fr dance, and my jb.
I gt great 1 wrking in the therapeutic (治疗的) wrld; it felt mre like a calling. I enjyed every mment; my purpse and missin 2 me. My highlights are when I’ve witnessed nce dull and hpeless eyes light up when the persn felt seen, heard, and accepted.
Then, ill health struck. As my health declined prgressively, I had t stp ding what I lved. 3 , all I had was being able t facilitate the ccasinal wrkshp when pprtunity and energy aligned (一致). Chrnic fatigue syndrme (慢性疲劳综合症) is a merciless beast.
In 2020, the unimaginable happened. In additin t sul-destrying feeling f being 4 , I began experiencing frequent vcal challenges f varying degrees. I culd n lnger accept facilitatin invitatins because my 5 was nw unreliable. I grieved, feeling like I was being swallwed by a damp, dark fg.
After an extended perid f being in self-pity, I 6 my thinking. I have internal value. My value r identity is nt 7 by what I can r cannt d. Regarding my health jurney, in time, I 8 this: it is what it is. Fr this seasn, this is my path.
S, I started dancing again. Life is full f surprises, pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral, yet what matters is hw we 9 t thse surprises. Despite nging vice lss and health challenges, I fund new ways t make a difference.
Yu and I may nt be able t chse the 10 life plays fr us; hwever, we d get t chse hw we will dance t it. May we dance with strength, curage, and grace.
1．A．fameB．surpriseC．pleasureD．inspiratin
2．A．fuelledB．attractedC．instructedD．calmed
3．A．SimplyB．ParticularlyC．EventuallyD．Apparently
4．A．tiredB．annyedC．disappintedD．injured
5．A．mindB．sightC．senseD．vice
6．A．discveredB．adjustedC．abandnedD．cntrlled
7．A．ignredB．selectedC．definedD．assisted
8．A．acceptedB．recalledC．questinedD．expected
9．A．referB．appealC．turnD．respnd
10．A．rleB．musicC．jkeD．game
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是热爱舞蹈和治疗工作的作者的生活变迁和心路历程。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴在治疗领域工作；这更像是一种召唤。A. fame名声；B. surprise惊讶；C. pleasure快乐；D. inspiratin灵感。根据下文“I enjyed every mment”可知，作者很高兴能在治疗领域里工作，空格处是“快乐”。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的目标和使命激励着我。A. fuelled刺激；B. attracted吸引；C. instructed指示；D. calmed使平静。根据上文“it felt mre like a calling”可知，作者觉得自己在治疗领域工作像是一种召唤，由此可见，作者的目标和使命激励着作者。故选A。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我所能做的就是在机会和精力一致的时候，促成偶尔的研讨会。A. Simply仅仅，只；B. Particularly特别，尤其；C. Eventually最终；D. Apparently显然。根据下文“all I had was being able t facilitate the ccasinal wrkshp when pprtunity and energy aligned”可知，空后内容是作者最终得到的结果，因此空格处是“最终”。故选C。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了疲惫的灵魂毁灭感之外，我开始频繁地经历不同程度的声音挑战。A. tired累的；B. annyed生气的；C. disappinted失望的；D. injured受伤的。根据上文“Chrnic fatigue syndrme (慢性疲劳综合症) is a merciless beast”可知，作者得了慢性疲劳综合症，所以会觉得累。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能再接受邀请，因为我的声音现在不可靠了。A. mind头脑，大脑；B. sight视力，视觉；C. sense意义；D. vice嗓音，说话声。根据上文“I began experiencing frequent vcal challenges f varying degrees”可知，作者开始频繁地经历不同程度的声音挑战，所以声音不再可靠。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在长时间的自怜之后，我调整了自己的想法。A. discvered发现；B. adjusted调整；C. abandned抛弃；D. cntrlled控制。根据下文“I have internal value”可知，作者在自怜之后开始调整自己的想法，认识到了自己有内部价值。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的价值或身份不是由我能做什么或不能做什么来定义的。A. ignred忽视；B. selected挑选；C. defined下定义；D. assisted帮助。根据上文“I have internal value”和下文“by what I can r cannt d”可知，作者觉得自己有内部价值，作者的价值或身份不是由作者能做什么或不能做什么来定义的。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于我的健康之旅，我最终接受了这个事实：它就是这样。A. accepted接受；B. recalled回想起；C. questined质疑；D. expected期待。根据下文“it is what it is. Fr this seasn, this is my path”可知，作者最终接受了“它就是这样”的这个现实。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活充满了惊喜，愉快的，不愉快的，平淡无奇的，但重要的是我们如何应对这些惊喜。A. refer提到，谈及；B. appeal呼吁，恳求；C. turn转动；D. respnd回答。根据下文“Despite nging vice lss and health challenges, I fund new ways t make a difference”可知，作者找到了有所影响的新方法，因此作者想说的是生活充满了惊喜，愉快的，不愉快的，平淡无奇的，但重要的是我们如何应对这些惊喜。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你和我也许无法选择生活为我们弹奏的音乐；然而，我们可以选择如何随它起舞。A. rle角色；B. music音乐；C. jke玩笑；D. game游戏。根据下文“hwever, we d get t chse hw we will dance t it”可知，跳舞是和着音乐跳舞的，因此此处表示“你和我也许无法选择生活为我们弹奏的音乐”，因此空格处是“音乐”。故选B。
（2024·北京大兴·模拟预测）Kim Stemple, a special-educatin teacher, faced terrible diseases during her stay in a Bstn hspital. While wrestling with depressin in her hspital rm, Stemple received an unexpected present frm a friend: a medal.
Befre Stemple gt t sick t 11 , she had been a marathn runner and the medal brught back her racing memries. It served as a much-needed pick-me-up, 12 her f the strength and perseverance she nce pssessed. Surprisingly, it wrked like a charm, and then sme, 13 her spirits and renewing her determinatin.
Inspired by this life-changing 14 , Stemple began t think abut hw such a simple act culd bring hpe t thers ging thrugh 15 times. And frm this seed f inspiratin, her charity, We Finish Tgether, was brn. This initiative cllected medals frm strangers — runners, dancers, swimmers, singers and even spelling bee winners — and dnated them t individuals in need.
Part f the prcess 16 the dnr writing a persnalized nte n the ribbn, giving the recipient a unique cnnectin t smene wh cares. Indeed, fr thse wh were 17 in hspitals and battling health challenges, being presented with a medal and reading the warm 18 really made a big difference. It 19 a reminder that they were nt 20 in their struggles and that there was always supprt available t them.
11．A．liveB．healC．exerciseD．recver
12．A．cheatingB．clearingC．breakingD．reminding
13．A．explainingB．liftingC．discveringD．absrbing
14．A．seasnB．planC．experienceD．slutin
15．A．tughB．cmmnC．pintlessD．dangerus
16．A．prmtedB．insistedC．invlvedD．shaped
17．A．trainedB．stuckC．peratedD．warned
18．A．dcumentB．messageC．receiptD．gift
19．A．threw awayB．put dwnC．acted asD．drpped ut
20．A．shyB．weakC．tiredD．alne
【答案】
11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A 16．C 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。金姆·斯坦普尔因为严重的抑郁症在波士顿的一家医院里住院治疗时，她收到了一位朋友的意外礼物——一枚奖章，这使得她重新振作起来，受到这件事情的启发，她成立了慈善机构“我们一起完成”，这项活动从陌生人那里收集奖牌——跑步者、舞者、游泳者、歌手，甚至是拼写比赛冠军——并将它们捐赠给有需要的人，鼓励他们勇敢地度过艰难时期。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在斯坦普尔病得无法运动之前，她曾是一名马拉松运动员，这枚奖牌唤起了她的比赛记忆。A. live生活；B. heal痊愈；C. exercise运动；D. recver恢复。根据“she had been a marathn runner”可知，此处是指在斯坦普尔病得无法运动之前。故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是她急需的提神剂，让她想起了自己曾经拥有的力量和毅力。A. cheating欺骗；B. clearing清理；C. breaking打破；D. reminding提醒。根据“her f the strength and perseverance she nce pssessed”可知，此处是指让她想起了自己曾经拥有的力量和毅力。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，这句话像一种魔力一样发挥了作用，而且还发挥了一些作用，使她振作起来，重新下定决心。A. explaining解释；B. lifting提高；C. discvering发现；D. absrbing吸收。根据“and renewing her determinatin”可知，此处是指提升了她的精神。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：受到这次改变人生的经历的启发，斯坦普尔开始思考这样一个简单的行为如何能给那些正在经历艰难时期的人带来希望。A. seasn季节；B. plan计划；C. experience经历；D. slutin解决方案。根据前文“While wrestling with depressin in her hspital rm, Stemple received an unexpected present frm a friend: a medal.(当斯坦普尔在病房里与抑郁症作斗争时，她收到了一位朋友的意外礼物：一枚奖章。)”可知，此处是指受到这次改变人生的经历的启发。故选C。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到这次改变人生的经历的启发，斯坦普尔开始思考这样一个简单的行为如何能给那些正在经历艰难时期的人带来希望。A. tugh艰难的；B. cmmn普遍的；C. pintless毫无意义的；D. dangerus危险的。根据前文“While wrestling with depressin in her hspital rm, Stemple received an unexpected present frm a friend: a medal.(当斯坦普尔在病房里与抑郁症作斗争时，她收到了一位朋友的意外礼物：一枚奖章。)”可知，此处是指正在经历艰难时期的人。故选A。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个过程的一部分包括捐赠者在彩带上写下个性化的留言，让接受者与关心他们的人有一个独特的联系。A. prmted促进；B. insisted坚持；C. invlved包括；D. shaped塑造。根据“the dnr writing a persnalized nte n the ribbn, giving the recipient a unique cnnectin t smene wh cares”可知，此处是指这个过程的一部分包括捐赠者在彩带上写下个性化的留。故选C。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，对于那些被困在医院、与健康挑战作斗争的人来说，获得一枚奖牌、读到温暖的信息真的有很大的不同。A. trained训练；B. stuck困住；C. perated运行；D. warned警告。根据“in hspitals and battling health challenges”可知，此处是指被困在医院与健康挑战作斗争的人故选B。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，对于那些被困在医院、与健康挑战作斗争的人来说，获得一枚奖牌、读到温暖的信息真的有很大的不同。A. dcument文件；B. message信息；C. receipt收据；D. gift礼物。根据前文“writing a persnalized nte n the ribbn”可知，此处是指读到温暖的信息。故选B。
19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它提醒人们，他们在斗争中并不孤单，他们总能得到支持。A. threw away丢弃；B. put dwn记下；C. acted as充当；D. drpped ut退学。根据“a reminder”可知，此处是指它充当了提醒的角色。故选C。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它提醒人们，他们在斗争中并不孤单，他们总能得到支持。A. shy害羞的；B. weak虚弱的；C. tired疲劳的；D. alne独自的。根据“and that there was always supprt available t them”可知，此处是指他们在斗争中并不孤单。故选D。
（2024·北京大兴·模拟预测）I’ve been paralyzed (瘫痪的) since childhd and I started using a wheelchair in first grade. S I’ve had 30 years t learn just hw 21 I am and just hw ften peple assume I’m helpless.
As a culture, Americans are 22 that disability is smething they’ve figured ut. Disability desn’t define anyne; try t be 23 ; and the rule that guides them all: be kind.
Well, here’s the 24 : we lk thrugh the eyes f nndisabled peple s regularly that we 25 t ask even ne f the many questins hvering (停留) arund the disabled recipients f “help”. Did yu want anyne’s help? Was it 26 helpful?
“S hw am I suppsed t be helpful?” yu might be asking. Yu have t 27 the persn in frnt f yu. What signals are they giving yu? What expressin d yu see n their face? If yu really can’t 28 , yu can ask, but if smene says, “N thank yu,” listen.
Like anyne else, disabled peple are bth capable and in need f sme help. If yu want t be genuinely, actively “ 29 ” t disabled peple, invite them int yur rganizatins, businesses and prgrams. Include disabled engineers and cmedians and lawyers and teachers in yur wrld. This kind f 30 is a kindness fr all f us, because listening t vices that are typically silenced brings t the table creativity, innvatin and pwer.
21．A．capableB．desperateC．friendlyD．respnsible
22．A．prmisedB．cnvincedC．trustedD．questined
23．A．braveB．hnestC．helpfulD．grateful
24．A．testB．changeC．reasnD．prblem
25．A．frgetB．refuseC．cntinueD．pretend
26．A．stillB．alsC．evenD．already
27．A．believe inB．catch up withC．smile atD．pay attentin t
28．A．tellB．answerC．lieD．fcus
29．A．kindB．usefulC．faithfulD．plite
30．A．guidanceB．prfessinC．perfrmanceD．inclusin
【答案】
21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．A 30．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作为从小就瘫痪的人，作者认为残疾人和其他人一样，既有能力，也需要帮助，人们应该对残疾人真诚地、积极地“善待”，从他们的意愿考虑问题，将残疾人容纳进自己的世界。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以我用了30年的时间来了解我有多能干，以及人们有多经常认为我很无助。A. capable有能力的；B. desperate不顾一切的；C. friendly友好的；D. respnsible负责任的。根据后文“Like anyne else, disabled peple are bth capable and in need f sme help.(和其他人一样，残疾人既有能力，也需要一些帮助。)”可知，此处是指了解自己有多能干。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一种文化，美国人相信残疾是他们已经明白的事情。A. prmised承诺；B. cnvinced使确信；C. trusted信任；D. questined质疑。根据“As a culture”可知，此处是指美国人相信残疾是他们已经明白的事情。故选B。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：残疾不能定义任何人；试着提供帮助；指导他们的准则是：善良。A. brave勇敢的；B. hnest诚实的；C. helpful乐于助人的；D. grateful感激的。根据“and the rule that guides them all: be kind”可知，此处是指试着提供帮助。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好吧，问题是：我们经常通过非残疾人的眼睛看问题，以至于我们忘记问那些徘徊在残疾人“帮助”接受者周围的许多问题中的一个。A. test测验；B. change变化；C. reasn原因；D. prblem问题。根据“we lk thrugh the eyes f nndisabled peple s regularly that”可知，此处是指问题。故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：好吧，问题是：我们经常通过非残疾人的眼睛看问题，以至于我们忘记问那些徘徊在残疾人“帮助”接受者周围的许多问题中的一个。A. frget忘记；B. refuse拒绝；C. cntinue继续；D. pretend假装。根据“we lk thrugh the eyes f nndisabled peple s regularly that”和后文“Did yu want anyne’s help?(你需要某人的帮忙吗？)”可知，此处是指我们忘记问残疾人自己是否愿意接受帮助。故选A。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上这有帮助吗？A. still仍然；B. als也；C. even实际上；D. already已经。根据前文“Did yu want anyne’s help?”可知，此处是指这实际上有没有帮助。故选C。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你必须注意你面前的人。A. believe in信仰；B. catch up with追上，赶上；C. smile at对……微笑；D. pay attentin t注意。根据后文“What signals are they giving yu? What expressin d yu see n their face?(他们给了你什么信号？你在他们脸上看到了什么表情？)”可知，此处是指你必须注意你面前的人。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你真的无法分辨，你可以问，但如果有人说，“不，谢谢。”要听从。A. tell区分；B. answer回答；C. lie说谎；D. fcus集中。根据前文“What signals are they giving yu? What expressin d yu see n their face?”可知，此处是指如果你无法分辨。故选A。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你想真诚地、积极地“善待”残疾人，邀请他们加入你的组织、业务和项目。A. kind友好的；B. useful有用的；C. faithful忠实的；D. plite有礼貌的。根据后文“a kindness fr all f us(这是对我们所有人的友善)”可知，此处是指真诚地、积极地“善待”残疾人。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种包容对我们所有人都是一种善意，因为倾听那些通常被沉默的声音会带来创造力、创新和力量。A. guidance指导；B. prfessin专业；C. perfrmance表演；D. inclusin包容。根据前文“Include disabled engineers and cmedians and lawyers and teachers in yur wrld.(把残疾工程师、喜剧演员、律师和教师容纳进你的世界。)”可知，此处是指这种包容。故选D。
（2024·北京朝阳·一模）It was hard nt t ntice an 8-year-ld kid strming in and ut f his wn huse. “He desn’t have a father,” said his neighbr, William Dunn. “I can prbably d smething fr him.”
That smething was fishing, a 31 Dunn’s father had shared with him. “It brught me peace and taught me hw t be patient,” he said. He then tk the kid fishing every weekend. Gradually he tk grups f kids ut t fish. Mst didn’t have father figures. “They’d been thrugh a lt, and their lives were 32 ,” said Dunn. “But when they were fishing, all f that disappeared. On the bat, they’d be laughing and making new friends. They just 33 the mment.”
34 by this scene, Dunn started the nnprfit Take a Kid Fishing. He and the vlunteers have intrduced 2,500 kids — mst withut fathers 35 — t the calming peace fund n the water and the excitement f catching a fish.
Just as imprtant as the fishing are the 36 Dunn frms with thse kids. When they have a rugh time, Dunn will talk with them, emphasizing self-respect and mental 37 . One f the kids, Bella Smith, said she wuld frget abut the past while fishing and cncentrate n smething psitive. “Fishing is learning,” she said. “I’ve learned I 38 a better life than what I had. Whenever I feel dwn, I knw it’s time t g fishing.”
Dunn’s father passed away this year, s fishing has 39 new meaning fr him. “I have a strnger liking fr it because nw I’m fatherless t. There’s nthing like feeling that first pull n the line and seeing a kid light up with a smile,” said Dunn. “I feel 40 t witness that every weekend.”
31．A．caseB．passinC．dutyD．gal
32．A．difficultB．dramaticC．adventurusD．bring
33．A．rememberedB．regrettedC．recrdedD．appreciated
34．A．EntertainedB．ShckedC．InspiredD．Cnfused
35．A．nearbyB．arundC．aheadD．thrughut
36．A．identitiesB．agreementsC．relatinshipsD．pinins
37．A．tughnessB．dependenceC．sharpnessD．defense
38．A．requireB．deserveC．leadD．secure
39．A．left behindB．turned intC．carried utD．taken n
40．A．curiusB．nervusC．luckyD．hesitant
【答案】
31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．B 36．C 37．A 38．B 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了William Dunn看到邻居家没有父亲的孩子，想要帮助他，带他去钓鱼，从那之后他发起了非盈利组织“带孩子去钓鱼”，帮助了很多失去父亲的孩子的故事。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那就是钓鱼，这是邓恩的父亲和他共同的爱好。A. case情况；B. passin热衷的爱好、酷爱；C. duty责任；D. gal目标。根据下文“Dunn’s father had shared with him”可知，钓鱼是Dunn的父亲和他一起做的事情，是两个人共同的爱好。故选B项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“他们经历了很多，他们的生活很艰难，”邓恩说。A. difficult困难的；B. dramatic戏剧性的；C. adventurus冒险的；D. bring无聊的。根据上文“Mst didn’t have father figures.”和“They’d been thrugh a lt, and their lives were”可知，孩子们经历了很多，没有父亲，生活是艰难的。故选A项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只是欣赏这一刻。A. remembered记得；B. regretted后悔；C. recrded记录；D. appreciated欣赏，感激。根据上文“On the bat, they’d be laughing and making new friends”可知，钓鱼的时候，大家都很快乐，享受并欣赏这一时刻。故选D项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到这个场景的启发，邓恩创办了非营利组织“带孩子去钓鱼”。A. Entertained愉快的；B. Shcked震惊的；C. Inspired受鼓舞的，受启发的；D. Cnfused困惑的。根据上一段“On the bat, they’d be laughing and making new friends.”及下文“by this scene”可知，受到上文场景的启发，Dunn创办了非盈利组织。故选C项。
35．考查介词、副词词义辨析。句意：他和志愿者们已经让2500个孩子——大多数没有父亲在身边——感受到了水面上的平静和捕鱼的兴奋。A. nearby在附近；B. arund周围；C. ahead在前面；D. thrughut各处，遍及。根据上文“mst withut fathers”可知，参加组织的孩子们都没有父亲在身边，此处用arund作宾补。故选B项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和钓鱼一样重要的是邓恩和孩子们之间的关系。A. identities身份，特性；B. agreements同意；C. relatinships关系；D. pinins观点。根据下文“When they have a rugh time, Dunn will talk with them”可知，由于钓鱼，Dunn和孩子们之间的关系也加强了，孩子们有困难时，他会找孩子们谈话。故选C项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们遇到困难时，邓恩会与他们交谈，强调自尊和精神上的坚韧。A. tughness坚韧；B. dependence独立；C. sharpness锋利；D. defense防御。根据上文“When they have a rugh time”及“emphasizing self-respect and mental”可知，当没有父亲的孩子们遇到困难，Dunn和孩子们交谈，强调精神上的坚韧符合文意。故选A项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我明白了我应该过上比现在更好的生活。A. require要求；B. deserve值得；C. lead带领；D. secure（尤指经过努力）获得。根据前文“cncentrate n smething psitive”及“a better life than what I had”可知，Bella Smith表示她学会更积极地面对生活，自己值得更好的生活。故选B项。
39．考查动词短语辨析。句意：邓恩的父亲今年去世了，所以钓鱼对他来说有了新的意义。A. left behind留下；B. turned int变成；C. carried ut执行；D. taken n承担，呈现。根据上文“Dunn’s father passed away this year”及下文“I have a strnger liking fr it because nw I’m fatherless t”可知，Dunn的爸爸去世了，他也没有了爸爸，因此，钓鱼对他而言也呈现了新的意义。故选D项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运每个周末都能看到这些。A. curius好奇的；B. nervus紧张的；C. lucky幸运的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据下文“There’s nthing like feeling that first pull n the line and seeing a kid light up with a smile”可知，看到孩子们拉起鱼线，露出笑容，Dunn觉得自己是幸运的。故选C项。
（2024·北京石景山·一模）My parents ran a small eatery, and my first real jb was shining diners’ shes. My 41 increased as I grew lder. At the age f twelve I wrked as a 42 . Dad tld me that I was the best “mp (拖把) guy” he’d ever had.
Wrking in the restaurant was a surce f great pride because I was 43 t the whle family. But my father made it clear that I had t meet certain 44 t be part f the team. That’s t say, I had t be 45 , hard-wrking and plite t the custmers.
Except fr the sheshine jb, I was never 46 fr any wrk I did. One day I tld Dad he shuld give me $10 a week. He said, “Okay, then hw abut yu paying me fr yur three meals a day?” This taught me that when yu 47 , yu’d better knw the ther side’s arguments as well as yur wn.
After being away in the army fr abut tw years, I came back hme. I had just been prmted t captain and was full f 48 as I walked int my parents’ eatery. The first thing Dad said was, “Welcme, my mp guy! OK, it’s the cleaner’s day ff. But hw abut yu cleaning up 49 ?”
“I can’t believe this!” I thught. “I’m an fficer in the army!” But it didn’t matter. As far as Dad was cncerned, I was just anther member f the 50 invlved in a family eatery. Early the next mrning, I reached fr the mp.
41．A．dutiesB．scresC．wagesD．ideas
42．A．waiterB．ckC．cleanerD．manager
43．A．attendingB．applyingC．reactingD．cntributing
44．A．standardsB．challengersC．achievementsD．custmers
45．A．insistentB．cnfidentC．curageusD．respnsible
46．A．arrangedB．praisedC．paidD．suspected
47．A．succeedB．negtiateC．perateD．prmise
48．A．dignityB．respectC．curisityD．gratitude
49．A．frequentlyB．laterC．insteadD．immediately
50．A．armyB．classC．teamD．party
【答案】
41．A 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．D 46．C 47．B 48．A 49．B 50．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小在父母经营的小餐馆里工作，从擦鞋到拖地，虽然从未得到报酬，但学到了很多宝贵的经验。在军队服役两年后，作者回家时仍被父亲视为餐馆的一员，需要参与清洁工作。文章体现了家庭餐馆中团队精神和劳动价值的重要性。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我的责任也越来越重。A. duties责任；B. scres得分；C. wages薪水；D. ideas想法。根据上文“my first real jb was...”和下文“as I grew lder.”可推知，随着年龄的增长，作者要做的工作也越来越多，责任也越来越重。故选A项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：十二岁时，我当上了清洁工。A. waiter侍者；B. ck厨师；C. cleaner清洁工；D. manager经理。根据下文“I was the best “mp (拖把) guy””可知，作者成了餐馆里的清洁工。故选C项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在餐厅工作是一件非常自豪的事情，因为我为整个家庭做出了贡献。A. attending参加；B. applying申请；C. reacting反应；D. cntributing贡献。根据上文“Wrking in the restaurant was a surce f great pride”可推知，自豪是源于自己对家庭做出了贡献。故选D项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我父亲说得很清楚，我必须达到一定的标准才能成为团队的一员。A. standards标准；B. challengers挑战者；C. achievements成就；D. custmers顾客。根据下文“That’s t say, I had t be 5 , hard-wrking and plite t the custmers.”的解释可知，父亲为成为团队的一员提出了一定的标准。故选A项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，我必须负责，勤奋，对顾客有礼貌。A. insistent坚持的；B. cnfident自信的；C. curageus勇敢的；D. respnsible负责任的。结合常识和上文“t be part f the team”可推知，要成为团队的一员当然要具有责任感。故选D项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了擦鞋的工作，我做的任何工作都没有支付报酬。A. arranged安排；B. praised称赞；C. paid支付；D. suspected怀疑。根据下文“One day I tld Dad he shuld give me $10 a week.”可知，作者的其它工作没有支付报酬，所以才会和父亲谈判，要求加薪。故选C项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件事教会了我，当你谈判时，你最好了解对方的观点和你自己的观点。A. succeed成功；B. negtiate谈判；C. perate操作；D. prmise承诺。根据上文“One day I tld Dad he shuld give me $10 a week. He said, “Okay, then hw abut yu paying me fr yur three meals a day?””可知，这是作者和父亲之间的谈判，是这次谈判让作者明白了一个道理。故选B项。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我刚刚被提升为队长，走进父母的餐馆时，我充满了自豪。A. dignity自豪；B. respect尊重；C. curisity好奇心；D. gratitude感激之情。根据上文“I had just been prmted t captain”可推知，刚升为队长的作者觉得自己荣归故里，感到自豪和骄傲。故选A项。
49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但你晚点再打扫怎么样？A. frequently频繁地；B. later后来；C. instead代替；D. immediately立即。根据上文“it’s the cleaner’s day ff.”和最后一段中“Early the next mrning, I reached fr the mp.”可知，父亲给作者放一天假，但要求他以后再打扫。故选B项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在爸爸看来，我只是家庭餐馆团队里的一员。A. army军队；B. class班级；C. team团队；D. party聚会。根据第二段中“But my father made it clear that I had t meet certain 4 t be part f the team.”和上文“I was just anther member f...”可知，作者成为了家庭餐馆团队里的一员。故选C项。
（2024·北京房山·一模）Emily Bhatnagar lives in Gaithersburg, Maryland. She has always lved 51 . As a really shy girl, she always turned t bks, which srt f became her best friends when she didn’t have ne. In 2019, when her dad was diagnsed with cancer, it was a difficult time fr her family and bks became an even bigger 52 . She started thinking abut peple in 53 situatins.
When her father recvered, she had verwhelming gratitude t the dctrs fr perfrming such a miracle, but als a hint f sadness abut kids wh were fighting the same battle. At that very mment, she came up with a plan. She wanted t d things fr the 54 .
She started a bk drive called Fr Lve & Buttercup in her hmetwn. The gal was t 55 bks and give them t kids being treated fr cancer in lcal hspitals. At first, Emily had n idea hw much 56 her wrk wuld get. She started by psting n scial media, asking peple in her area t 57 . She was expecting maybe tw r three 58 frm neighbrs, but it ended up blwing up, 59 when news statins began reprting it. Since the start f the bk drive, Emily has cllected mre than 10,000 bks.
Nw Emily cntinues t run the bk drive. She hpes t 60 the prject ne day t reach mre kids. The memry f the first time she visited children wh’d received her bks sticks with her. “It was the best day f my life,” she says. “I realized I wanted t d this type f wrk frever.”
51．A．readingB．pstingC．drivingD．writing
52．A．friendB．prjectC．guideD．cmfrt
53．A．severeB．similarC．simpleD．shcking
54．A．hspitalsB．schlsC．neighburhdD．cmmittee
55．A．purchaseB．cllectC．distributeD．exhibit
56．A．attentinB．intentinC．discussinD．rejectin
57．A．spreadB．dnateC．prmteD．apprve
58．A．cmmentsB．likesC．lettersD．respnses
59．A．naturallyB．autmaticallyC．especiallyD．specifically
60．A．expandB．evaluateC．manageD．mnitr
【答案】
51．A 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．B 56．A 57．B 58．D 59．C 60．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Emily Bhatnagar成立Fr Lve & Buttercup，为孩子们筹集书籍的故事。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一直喜欢读书。A. reading读；B. psting发帖子；C. driving驾驶；D. writing写。根据下文“she always turned t bks”可知，她一直喜欢读书。故选A。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019年，她的父亲被诊断出患有癌症，这对她的家庭来说是一段艰难的时期，书籍成为了更大的安慰。A. friend朋友；B. prject项目；C. guide导游；D. cmfrt安慰。根据上文“she always turned t bks, which srt f became her best friends when she didn’t have ne”和“her dad was diagnsed with cancer, it was a difficult time”可知，她的爸爸被诊断出患有癌症，她喜欢读书，所以在这种情况下书籍成为了她更大的安慰。故选D。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她开始思考那些处境相似的人。A. severe严重的；B. similar相似的；C. simple简单的；D. shcking令人震惊的。根据下一段“a hint f sadness abut kids wh were fighting the same battle”可知，她思考那些和她有相似处境的人。故选B。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她想为邻居做点事。A. hspitals医院；B. schls学校；C. neighburhd邻近；D. cmmittee委员会。根据下一段“in her hmetwn”可知，她是想为邻居做点事，空格处是neighburhd。故选C。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目的是收集书籍，并将它们送给当地医院接受癌症治疗的孩子们。A. purchase购买；B. cllect收集；C. distribute分发；D. exhibit展览，展出。根据下文“give them t kids being treated fr cancer in lcal hspitals”可知，这个项目的目的是收集书，然后送给当地医院接受癌症治疗的孩子们。故选B。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，艾米丽不知道她的工作会得到多少关注。A. attentin关注；B. intentin打算；C. discussin讨论；D. rejectin拒绝。根据下文“news statins began reprting it. Since the start f the bk drive, Emily has cllected mre than 10,000 bks”可知，艾米丽不知道她的工作会得到多少关注。故选A。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始在社交媒体上发帖，请求她所在地区的人们捐赠。A. spread传播；B. dnate捐赠；C. prmte促进；D. apprve批准。根据“The gal was t__5__ bks”和下文“Since the start f the bk drive, Emily has cllected mre than 10,000 bks”可知，她的项目的目的是筹集书，所以是请求她所在地区的人们捐赠书籍。故选B。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她本以为邻居们可能会有两到三个回应，但结果却大受欢迎，尤其是当新闻电台开始报道这件事时。A. cmments评论；B. likes喜好；C. letters信；D. respnses回应。根据下文“frm neighbrs”和上文“asking peple in her area t__7__”可知，她要求她所在地区的人们捐赠，她本以为邻居们可能会有两到三个回应。故选D。
59．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她本以为邻居们可能会有两到三个回应，但结果却大受欢迎，尤其是当新闻电台开始报道这件事时。A. naturally自然地，天然地；B. autmatically自动地；C. especially特别，尤其；D. specifically专门地。根据上文“it ended up blwing up”和下文“when news statins began reprting it”可知，她的项目大受欢迎，尤其是当新闻电台开始报道这件事的时候。故选C。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望有一天能扩大这个项目，惠及更多的孩子。A. expand扩大；B. evaluate评价；C. manage管理；D. mnitr监视。根据下文“t reach mre kids”可知，她希望扩大这个项目。故选A。
（2024·北京东城·一模）In 2019, Thierry Henry, a bus driver, fund there was a rise in bike thefts in his city, Reykjavik. Rather than 61 that the bike was gne frever, he decided t take matters int his wn hands and started t track dwn the bikes and return them t their 62 wners.
The 44-year-ld has helped return hundreds f stlen bikes in the past 4 years. His scial media accunt has ver 14, 500 members and helps peple track dwn mre than just lst bikes. His page 63 t peple wh have lst tls, cars and ther items f high value. On tp f his nble act, Henry has helped the bike 64 t refrm in the prcess.
65 , Henry wuld deal with the thieves with anger. Hwever, ver time, he realized that mst f the thefts were driven ut f pverty and ther issues. He went frm feeling 66 twards the thieves, t develping empathy (同理心) fr their situatins. It was very tugh at first. But Henry decided t try t 67 them and just talk t them.
Frm this mment nward, he reached ut t the thieves, ffering help and guidance. After the change in his 68 , Henry fund that the bike thieves began t ften hand back the bikes t him. Amazingly, sme frmer thieves that Henry helped nw 69 him in lking fr the stlen bikes.
“It’s like a 70 that has gt bigger and bigger, ” says Henry. “It’s nt nly me. Many times, smene spts a bike hidden in a bush and takes a picture. Then smene else cmments, ‘hey, that’s my bike’”.
Thanks t Henry, everyne’s lking ut.
61．A．claimB．expectC．acceptD．realize
62．A．newB．hnestC．carelessD．rightful
63．A．belngsB．extendsC．returnsD．refers
64．A．wnersB．makersC．thievesD．sellers
65．A．InitiallyB．UnknwinglyC．IncrediblyD．Unwillingly
66．A．regretfullyB．negativelyC．guiltilyD．helplessly
67．A．level withB．reply tC．side withD．aplgize t
68．A．planB．ccupatinC．habitD．apprach
69．A．assistB．trustC．engageD．drag
70．A．dreamB．snwballC．rainbwD．balln、
【答案】
61．C 62．D 63．B 64．C 65．A 66．B 67．A 68．D 69．A 70．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Thierry Henry在帮助寻找被偷的自行车的过程中也使得那些小偷改过自新。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有接受自行车永远消失的事实，而是决定自己动手，开始追查这些自行车，并将它们归还给它们的合法主人。A. claim声称，断言；B. expect期待；C. accept接受；D. realize意识到。根据下文“he decided t take matters int his wn hands and started t track dwn the bikes”可知，他决定自己去找那些自行车，所以是他没有接受自行车永远消失的事实。故选C。
62．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他没有接受自行车永远消失的事实，而是决定自己动手，开始追查这些自行车，并将它们归还给它们的合法主人。A. new新的；B. hnest诚实的；C. careless粗心的；D. rightful合法的。根据下文“return them t”可知，是把自行车还给它们合法的主人。故选D。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的页面扩展到那些丢失了工具、汽车和其他高价值物品的人。A. belngs属于；B. extends扩展；C. returns回来；D. refers提到。根据下文“t peple wh have lst tls, cars and ther items f high value”可知，他的页面从丢失自行车的人扩展到那些丢失了工具、汽车和其他高价值物品的人。故选B。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了他的高尚行为之外，亨利还在这个过程中帮助偷自行车的人改过自新。A. wners所有人，物主；B. makers制造商；C. thieves小偷；D. sellers卖家。根据下文“t refrm”可知，他是帮偷车的小偷改过自新。故选C。
65．考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，亨利会愤怒地对付小偷。A. Initially起初；B. Unknwingly不知不觉地；C. Incredibly难以置信地；D. Unwillingly不情愿地。根据下文“Henry wuld deal with the thieves with anger. Hwever, ver time, he realized that mst f the thefts were driven ut f pverty and ther issues”可知，起初他会愤怒地对付小偷。故选A。
66．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他对小偷的态度从消极到对他们的处境感同身受。A. regretfully懊悔地，遗憾地；B. negatively消极地；C. guiltily内疚地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“Henry wuld deal with the thieves with anger”可知，他刚开始对小偷的态度很消极，后来变成对他们的处境感同身受。故选B。
67．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但亨利决定试着和他们说实话，和他们谈谈。A. level with对……说实话；B. reply t回复；C. side with支持；D. aplgize t向……道歉。根据下文“them and just talk t them”可知，亨利决定试着和他们说实话。故选A。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在改变了他的方法之后，亨利发现偷自行车的人开始经常把自行车还给他。A. plan计划；B. ccupatin职业；C. habit习惯；D. apprach方法。根据上文“He went frm feeling__6__ twards the thieves, t develping empathy (同理心) fr their situatins”可知，他改变了对待小偷的方法。故选D。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，亨利帮助过的一些以前的小偷现在帮助他寻找被盗的自行车。A. assist帮助；B. trust信任；C. engage参与；D. drag拖。根据下文“lking fr the stlen bikes”可知，亨利帮助过的一些以前的小偷现在帮助他寻找被盗的自行车。故选A。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像雪球越滚越大。A. dream梦；B. snwball雪球；C. rainbw彩虹；D. balln气球。根据下文“gt bigger and bigger”可知，这就像雪球一样，越来越大。故选B。
（2024·北京西城·一模）When Susan was a high schl senir, her English teacher Mr. DiMe gave the class a challenging task: Recite a pem in frnt f the whle class.
“I had a mild stutter (结巴). I’d be 71 t get a wrd ut that might begin with ‘D’ r ‘TH’, r I might say ‘the’ three times,” Susan said. The thught f getting up in frnt f her classmates and stuttering thrugh the pem was t much t 72 .
Susan went hme and 73 hw scared she was t her mm, wh agreed t write a nte asking fr her t be 74 frm ding the task in frnt f the whle class.
When the day f the recitatin came, Susan recited the pem ne-n-ne t Mr. DiMe. 75 she was dne, Mr. DiMe said smething she’d never heard befre: that he liked listening t her vice. Fr the first time, she cnsidered the pssibility that public speaking didn’t have t be a surce f 76 .
Susan went n t graduate frm high schl and g t cllege. She never gt t prperly thank Mr. DiMe. But smetime after cllege, she 77 a jb as a crprate trainer. The new psitin made her realize hw big a (n) 78 he had had n her cnfidence.
“I stand up in frnt f peple and speak, and I d it all the time. If I d stutter nce in a while, n big deal,” she said. Susan recently fund a way t 79 her frmer teacher, and plans n sending him a letter expressing her appreciatin.
In her mind, Mr. DiMe is an unsung her, because he’s a big reasn why she has a successful career and life. “I dn’t knw where I wuld’ve gne if I felt like I had t keep my vice 80 because I was afraid f embarrassing myself. I’d like t thank him fr that kindness.”
71．A．cntinuingB．strugglingC．pretendingD．hping
72．A．shareB．expressC．findD．bear
73．A．taughtB．prvedC．revealedD．prmised
74．A．excusedB．prhibitedC．crrectedD．discuraged
75．A．WhileB．AlthughC．UnlessD．Once
76．A．jealusyB．wrryC．bredmD．lneliness
77．A．wantedB．fferedC．landedD．created
78．A．impactB．ideaC．chiceD．stress
79．A．judgeB．cntactC．studyD．interview
80．A．sweetB．ludC．quietD．deep
【答案】
71．B 72．D 73．C 74．A 75．D 76．B 77．C 78．A 79．B 80．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Susan说话轻微结巴，因DiMe老师说喜欢她的声音Susan渐渐有了信心，后来能够公开演讲，生活和事业都获得了成功。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susan说：“我很难说出一个以‘D’或‘TH’开头的单词，或者我可能会说三次‘the’。”A. cntinuing继续；B. struggling挣扎，吃力地进行；C. pretending假装；D. hping希望。根据前文“I had a mild stutter (结巴)”可知，Susan说话结巴，很难说出一个以“D”或“TH”开头的单词，故选B。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到要站在同学面前结结巴巴地念完这首诗，她就难以忍受。A. share分享；B. express表达；C. find找到；D. bear忍受。结合语境及“stuttering thrugh the pem”可知，一想到自己会结结巴巴地背诗，Susan就难以忍受，故选D。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susan回到家，向妈妈透露了她有多害怕，妈妈同意写一张纸条，请求在全班同学面前允许她不做这个任务。A. taught教；B. prved证明；C. revealed透露；D. prmised承诺。结合下文“wh agreed t write a nte asking fr her t be ____4____ frm ding the task in frnt f the whle class”可知，Susan向妈妈透露自己很害怕，妈妈答应为她请假，故选C。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. excused原谅，同意免除；B. prhibited禁止；C. crrected纠正；D. discuraged劝阻，使泄气。结合下文“Susan recited the pem ne-n-ne t Mr. DiMe”可知，此处指写一张纸条请求不做这个任务，excuse sb frm ding“同意某人不做”，故选A。
75．考查连词词义辨析。句意：她说完后，DiMe先生说了一些她以前从未听过的话：他喜欢听她的声音。A. While在……期间；B. Althugh尽管；C. Unless除非；D. Once一旦，一……（就）。结合“he liked listening t her vice”可知，此处指Susan一说完DiMe先生就说自己喜欢她的声音，故选D。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她第一次考虑到公开演讲不必成为忧虑的来源。A. jealusy羡慕，嫉妒；B. wrry担心，忧虑；C. bredm无聊，厌倦；D. lneliness孤单。根据市上文“hw scared she was”可知，Susan害怕公开演讲，故这应是让她感到忧虑，故选B。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但大学毕业后不久，她找到了一份企业培训师的工作。A. wanted想要；B. ffered提供；C. landed成功得到，赢得；D. created创造。根据下文“The new psitin made her realize…”可知，此处指她成功得到一份新工作，故选C。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的职位使她意识到他对她的信心有多大的影响。A. impact影响；B. idea主意；C. chice选择；D. stress压力。根据上文“Fr the first time, she cnsidered the pssibility that public speaking didn’t have t be a surce f ____6____”以及下文“he’s a big reasn why she has a successful career and life(他是她事业和生活成功的重要原因)”可知，DiMe先生说自己喜欢Susan的声音，这使她发生了改变，使她的事业和生活获得了成功，故此处指DiMe先生对她的影响很大，故选A。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Susan最近找到了联系她以前的老师的方法，并计划给他写封信表达她的感激之情。A. judge评价；B. cntact联系；C. study学习；D. interview采访。根据“plans n sending him a letter expressing her appreciatin”可知，此处指找到了联系她以前的老师的方法，故选B。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果我因为害怕让自己难堪而不得不保持沉默，我不知道我会去哪里。我要感谢他的好意。”A. sweet甜美的；B. lud大声的；C. quiet安静的；D. deep深的。根据“because I was afraid f embarrassing myself”可知，Susan以前说话结巴，因为害怕让自己难堪会保持沉默，故选C。
【2024.北京高考真题】
I’d just arrived at schl, ready fr anther schl day. I was reading a bk in the classrm when there was an ___1___. “Tday at 1: 10 there will be auditins (面试) fr a musical.” My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, “Will yu be ging, Amy?” “Sure,” I said. I had n ___2___ in drama, but I’d try ut because my friends were ding it.
At 1:10, there was a ___3___ utside the drama rm. Everyne lked energetic. I hadn’t expected I’d be standing there that mrning. But nw that I was ding it, I ___4___ felt nervus. What if I wasn’t any gd?
I entered the rm and the teachers made me say sme lines frm the musical. They then ___5___ my singing skills and asked what rle I wanted t play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a ___6___, s I said, “A big rle.” They said they’d lk int it. I started getting really nervus. What if I didn’t get a main rle?
Sn, the cast list was ___7___. My friends checked and came back shuting, “Amy, yu gt the main rle! ” Sure enugh, my name was at the tp. I just stared at it and started t ___8___. I was s happy.
After tw mnths we were all prepared and ready t g n stage. It was fun. And when peple started ___9___, that gave me a bst f cnfidence. It stayed with me and made me feel ___10___. I realised that by trying smething new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping ut f my cmfrt zne.
1. A. assignmentB. initiativeC. annuncementD. interview
2. A. hesitancyB. interestC. wrryD. regret
3. A. gameB. shwC. playD. line
4. A. suddenlyB. cntinuuslyC. riginallyD. generally
5. A. advertisedB. testedC. challengedD. plished
6. A. demandB. creditC. dreamD. chance
7. A. tradedB. pstedC. questinedD. claimed
8 A. well upB. rll inC. stand utD. g ff
9. A. whisperingB. arguingC. clappingD. stretching
10. A. funnierB. fairerC. clevererD. braver
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者抱着试一试的心态，参加了音乐剧面试却成功获得了扮演音乐剧主角的机会，作者在这次经历中体验到了尝试新事物带来的乐趣。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在教室里看书，这时有一则公告。A. assignment任务；B. initiative倡议；C. annuncement公告；D. interview面试。根据下文“Tday at 1:10 there will be auditins fr a musical.”可推知，此处指作者正在教室里看书，这时作者听到有一则公告。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对戏剧没有兴趣，但是因为朋友们都在做，我也决定尝试一下。A. hesitancy犹豫；B. interest兴趣；C. wrry担心；D. regret懊悔。根据下文“But I’d try ut because my friends were ding it”可推知，此处指作者虽然对戏剧没有兴趣，但因为朋友们都在做，所以作者也决定尝试一下。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在1:10的时候，戏剧室外面排起了队。A. game游戏；B. shw展览；C. play游戏；D. line队伍。根据下文“Everyne lked energetic. I hadn’t expected I’d be standing there that mrning.”可知，此处指戏剧室外面排起了队。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是现在我正在排队的时候，我突然感到紧张。A. suddenly突然；B. cntinuusly连续不断地；C. riginally起初；D. generally通常。根据上文“But nw that I was ding it,”以及下文“What if I wasn’t any gd?”可推知，此处指作者在排队的过程中突然感到紧张。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他们测试了我的唱歌技巧，问我想要演什么角色。A. advertised为……做广告；B. tested测验；C. challenged对……怀疑；D. plished润色。根据上文“I entered the rm and the teachers made me say sme lines frm the musical.”以及下文“The teachers were smiling and praising me.”可推知，此处指作者进入戏剧室后，老师们让作者说几句音乐剧中的台词，测试作者的唱歌技巧，并对作者的表现很满意。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感觉我有机会，所以我说“一个重要的角色”。A. demand需求；B. credit信用；C. dream梦想；D. chance机会。根据上文“The teachers were smiling and praising me.”可知，作者得到老师的表扬，所以此处指作者觉得自己有机会扮演音乐剧主角。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久演员表就被张贴了出来。A. traded交易；B. psted张贴；C. questined询问；D. claimed宣称。根据下文“My friends checked and came back shuting, “Amy, yu gt the main rle!””以及下文“my name was at the tp.”可推知，此处指很快演员表就被张贴了出来，作者在名单最上边。故选B。
8题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只是盯着它，然后开始情绪开始迸发。A. well up (情绪)迸发；B. rll in (金钱等)大量涌进；C. stand ut脱颖而出；D. g ff爆炸。根据下文“I was s happy”可推知，此处指作者盯着演员表看，然后情绪开始迸发，感觉很开心。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心。A. whispering耳语；B. arguing争吵；C. clapping鼓掌；D. stretching伸展。根据下文“that gave me a bst f cnfidence”以及常识可推知，此处指人们的掌声增强了作者的信心。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它一直伴随着我，让我感到更勇敢。A. funnier更有趣的；B. fairer更公平的；C. cleverer更聪明的；D. braver更勇敢的。根据上文“that gave me a bst f cnfidence”以及下文“I realised that by trying smething new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping ut f my cmfrt zne.”可推知，人们的掌声给了作者信心，这使得作者感觉更勇敢，可以走出舒适区，通过尝试新事物获得乐趣。故选D。
【2023北京高考真题】
I was always timid (羞怯的). Being new t the schl made me even 24 , s it was surprising I’d 25 t anyne arund me. Nw I was paying the price — t write a five-page essay n “Why I Shuld Nt Talk in Class”. That wuld take all night!
After I gt hme, thugh. I tk my time petting the cat-pstpning the pain.
When I finally sat dwn t 26 , I began with the reasns Ms. Black wuld want t hear.
Talking kept me and my neighburs frm 27 . One paragraph dwn; nw what? I chewed n my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step twards life as a criminal? Withut the educatin I was thrwing away, I’d turn t theft and g t prisn. When I gt ut, peple wuld say, “She used t talk in class.” The pages began 28 .
But when mum gt hme frm wrk, I was still 29 , “Five pages! That’s impssible!”
“Well, yu’d better get back t wrk,” she said. “and I want t read it when yu’re thrugh.”
Sn after dinner, I handed the essay t mum. I half expected a 30 — at least an “I hpe yu’ve learned yur lessn”. 31 , mum laughed and laughed as she read.
The next day, when Ms. Black read the essay t the class, everyne laughed. I culd 32 they weren’t making fun f me: they laughed because I had the pwer t tell a funny stry. My 33 still needed sme nudging (激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.
24．A．freerB．shyerC．calmerD．happier
25．A．ndB．pintC．listenD．chat
26．A．weepB．restC．writeD．read
27．A．learningB．playingC．planningD．laughing
28．A．standing utB．flying byC．breaking upD．checking in
29．A．celebratingB．lngingC．cmplainingD．warning
30．A．lectureB．reasnC．rewardD．slutin
31．A．TherefreB．MreverC．MeanwhileD．Instead
32．A．hpeB．imagineC．tellD．predict
33．A．patienceB．cnfidenceC．tleranceD．independence
【答案】
24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者很害羞，刚来到新学校后更加害羞，不爱说话。于是老师让作者写一篇五页的“我为什么不应该在课上讲话”的文章。作者写的文章很搞笑，第二天当老师在课堂上读作者的文章时，同学们都笑了起来。
24．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A. freer更自由的；B. shyer更害羞的；C. calmer更冷静的；D. happier更高兴的。由上文“I was always timid(羞怯的)”和“even”可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以刚到新学校更加害羞了，故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A. nd点头；B. pint指；C. listen听；D. chat闲聊。由下文“Nw I was paying the price﹣t write a five﹣page essay n “Why I Shuld Nt Talk in Class”.(现在我在付出代价——就“我为什么不应该在班里说话”写一篇五页的文章)”和“I began with the reasns Ms Black wuld want t hear.”可知，布莱克老师想知道我为什么不在班里说话的原因，由此可知，当老师想让我和同学们说话时，我认为要我和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的，故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由。A. weep哭泣；B. rest休息；C. write写；D. read读。由上文“t write a five﹣page essay n “Why I Shuld Nt Talk in Class””可知，此处write是同词复现，我开始写这篇五页的文章，故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈话使我和我的邻桌不能学习。A. learning学习；B. playing玩；C. planning计划；D. laughing笑。由上文“Nw I was paying the price﹣t write a five﹣page essay n “Why I Shuld Nt Talk in Class”. That wuld take all night!”和“I began with the reasns Ms Black wuld want t hear.”可知，现在我要写一篇五页的文章，那要花费我一晚上，所以说和邻桌谈话会阻止我和邻居学习，且以谈话会妨碍学习来解释，说明自己爱学习，这也是老师愿意听到的，故选A。
28．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：书页开始飞逝。A. standing ut突出；B. flying by飞越；飞逝；C. breaking up分手；D. checking in登记。由上文“Withut the educatin I was thrwing away, I’d turn t theft and g t prisn. When I gt ut, peple wuld say, “She used t talk in class.””可知，我开始写出很多内容，所以此处用fly by来说明我很快写出了很多页，故选B。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈下班回家的时候，我仍然在抱怨，“五页！这不可能！”A. celebrating庆祝；B. lnging渴望；C. cmplaining抱怨；D. warning警告。由下文““Five pages! That’s impssible!””可知，我认为我不可能写完这五页的内容，所以在抱怨，故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有点期待得到一种说教——至少一句“我希望你已经吸取了教训”。A. lecture说教；B. reasn原因；C. reward奖励；D. slutin解决办法。由下文“at least an “I hpe yu’ve learned yur lessn”.”可知，“我希望你已经吸取了教训”这是一种说教，故选A。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，妈妈一边读一边笑。A. Therefre因此；B. Mrever此外；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Instead代替；反而。前后句子“I half expected a______7____﹣at least an “I hpe yu’ve learned yur lessn”.”和“mum laughed and laughed as she read.”内容相反，应用instead，我本期待得到妈妈的奖励，然而妈妈非但没有奖励，反而在读我的文章时一边读一边笑，故选D。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能判断出他们不是在取笑我：他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故事。A. hpe希望；B. imagine想象；C. tell告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D. predict预计。由下文“they weren’t making fun f me: they laughed because I had the pwer t tell a funny stry.”可知，我能判断出来，他们笑是因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推动，但我确实学到了我在写作的时候并不害羞。A. patience耐心；B. cnfidence自信；C. tlerance忍受；D. independence独立。由下文“still needed sme nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.”和第一段提到的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足，需要一些推动，故选B。
【2022北京高考真题】
One Mnday mrning, while the children were enjying “free play”, I stepped t the drway f the classrm t take a break. Suddenly, I 24 a mvement f the heavy wden dr. This was the very dr I 25 guided the children thrugh t ensure their safety frm the bitter cld. I felt a chill (寒意) g thrugh my bdy.
My legs carried me t that dr, and I pushed it pen. It was ne f my kindergarteners wh I thught was 26 that day. He had been drpped ff at schl late and was 27 t pen the dr.
He must have been waiting there fr quite a while! Withut a wrd, I rushed him t the hspital. He was treated fr frstbite n his hands. He’d need time t 28 , and wuldn’t cme fr class the next day, I thught.
The next mrning, ne f the first t 29 was my little frstbitten by. Nt nly did he run in with energy, but his 30 culd be heard as lud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and tld him hw 31 I was t see him. His wrds have stayed with me all these years, “I knew yu wuld pen the dr.”
That cld Mnday mrning, he waited a lng, lng while fr adults t 32 . T a child, every minute feels like frever. He didn’t attempt t walk back hme; he waited and trusted. This five-year-ld taught me a pwerful lessn in 33 .
24．A．causedB．spttedC．checkedD．imagined
25．A．hesitantlyB．randmlyC．dizzilyD．carefully
26．A．angryB．absentC．specialD．nisy
27．A．curageusB．cntentC．unableD．unwilling
28．A．recverB．playC．changeD．wait
29．A．settleB．gatherC．arriveD．react
30．A．sneezeB．weepC．cmplaintD．laughter
31．A．luckyB．happyC．curiusD．nervus
32．A．shw upB．pull upC．hld upD．line up
33．A．gratitudeB．frgivenessC．faithD．kindness
【答案】
24．B 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．C 30．D 31．B 32．A 33．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一个小男孩上学去晚了，被关在了门外，小男孩推不开门，于是大冬天的在门外等了很久，直到老师不经意间发现门有动静，才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门，这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木门动了一下。A. caused引起、使发生；B. sptted看见、注意到；C. checked检查、核对；D. imagined想象。根据后面的“a mvement f the heavy wden dr.”可知，此处表示看到门动了下，spt符合语境。故选B项。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是那扇我小心翼翼地领着孩子们穿过，以确保他们不受严寒侵袭的门。A. hesitantly迟疑地、踌躇地；B. randmly随机地；C. dizzily头晕眼花地；D. carefully小心地、谨慎地。根据后面的“t ensure their safety frm the bitter cld.”可知，要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭，说明是小心翼翼地领着孩子们通过，carefully符合语境。故选D项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是我幼儿园的一个孩子，我以为他那天没来。A. angry生气的、愤怒的；B. absent缺席的、不在的；C. special特殊的、特别的；D. nisy嘈杂的、聒噪的。根据下文的“He had been drpped ff at schl late and was ____4____ t pen the dr.”可知，是小男孩来晚了，又开不了门，所以老师以为他没来，此处absent符合语境。故选B项
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很晚才被送到学校，打不开门。A. curageus勇敢的；B. cntent满足的、满意的；C. unable无法胜任的、不会的；D. unwilling不愿意的。根据上文的“the heavy wden dr.”和下文的“He must have been waiting there fr quite a while!”可知，门很重，小男孩打不开，所以才在门外等了很久，此处指“打不开门”，unable符合语境。故选C项
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他需要时间恢复，我想他第二天不会来上课了。A. recver恢复、康复；B. play玩闹、戏弄；C. change改变；D. wait等待。根据前面的“He was treated fr frstbite n his hands.”可知，小男孩手冻伤了，所以需要时间恢复，此处recver符合语境。故选A项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我那冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。A. settle解决、定居；B. gather聚集、召集；C. arrive到达；D. react反应。根据下文“Nt nly did he run in with energy,”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明是来了学校，故此处指第一批到达学校的人，应用arrive。故选C项
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来，而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮！A. sneeze打喷嚏；B. weep哭泣；C. cmplaint抱怨；D. laughter笑声。根据前面的“Nt nly did he run in with energy”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明身体恢复好了，结合后面的“culd be heard as lud as ever”可知，此处应指“笑声和以前一样响亮”，laughter符合语境。故选D项
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我给了他一个温暖的拥抱，告诉他我很高兴见到他。A. lucky幸运的；B. happy开心的、幸福的；C. curius好奇的；D. nervus紧张的、担忧的。根据上文“He’d need time t ____5____ , and wuldn’t cme fr class the next day, I thught.”可知，作者以为小男孩不会来学校，所以看到小男孩的时候，应该是开心的，happy符合语境。故选B项
32．考查短语辨析。句意：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。A. shw up露面，出现；B. pull up拔起、停下来；C. hld up举起、阻挡；D. line up排队。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，此处用shw up符合语境。故选A项
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个五岁的孩子给我在信念方面上了一堂有力的课。A. gratitude感激；B. frgiveness宽恕；C. faith信任、信念；D. kindness善良、仁慈。根据前面“He didn’t attempt t walk back hme; he waited and trusted.”可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，却没有试图回家，说明小男孩有很强的的信念，故此处指老师从小男孩身上学到了一些关于信念的东西，此处指“关于信念的课”，faith符合语境。故选C项
完形填空
2024
体裁
主题语境
话题
记叙文
人与自我
作者通过音乐剧面试体验到了尝试新事物带来的乐趣
2023
记叙文
人与社会
一个害羞的学生上课讲话被罚写检讨，使同学开心收获写作信心
2022
记叙文
人与社会
作者回忆了在幼儿园工作期间感人的一幕
卷别
体裁
题材
词数
动词
名词
形容词
副词
介词
2024新课标I卷
记叙文
凡是要有自己主见
234
8
5
1
1
2024新课标II卷
记叙文
友善行为美食力量
227
9
5
1
2024全国甲卷
记叙文
厨房里的祖母聊天
276
7
8
3
1
1
2023新课标I卷
记叙文
越野赛的善行义举
225
7
7
1
2023新课标II卷
记叙文
帮狗狗与主人团聚
209
7
3
4
1
2023全国甲卷
记叙文
学会不要以貌取物
249
9
4
6
1
2023全国乙卷
记叙文
体操奥运冠军故事
244
12
3
4
1
2022新课标I卷
记叙文
家庭野营趣味经历
218
5
5
3
1
1
2022新课标II卷
记叙文
环球旅行免费住宿
209
5
6
4
2022全国甲卷
记叙文
因狗结缘爱情故事
277
8
7
1
3
2022全国乙卷
说明文
孩子捉迷藏的研究
261
7
7
4
2
2021新课标I卷
记叙文
暑期短暂打工体验
230
9
4
2
2021新课标II卷
记叙文
中国警察无畏事迹
192
7
7
1
2021全国甲卷
记叙文
致歉酒店终获原谅
242
10
5
4
1
2021全国乙卷
夹叙夹议
女患巧妙感谢医护
261
10
7
1
2
解题步骤
内容解读
抓住文章中心
中心思想有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。文章题目揭示中心思想；如无题目，抓文章开头结尾，尤其是议论抒情的语句，也可抓住文章的中心。
明确叙述角度
在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
理清写作顺序
记叙文的写作顺序有：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙，理清写作顺序有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
明确写作要素
弄清记叙文的6要素(5W1H)，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(wh)、事件(what)、原因(why)、结果(hw)，抓住这些写作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
洞悉写作目的
写作目的是借助叙事、写人或写景来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。
运用高分技巧
按照命题分布规律和高分技巧正确解题并代入验证。
解题步骤
内容解读
1.明确说明对象，理清段落关系。
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
2.弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。
3.运用高分技巧
按照命题分布规律和高分技巧正确解题并代入验证。