专题突破卷07 阅读理解之说明文（含答案） 2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷（新高考通用）练习

这是一份专题突破卷07 阅读理解之说明文（含答案） 2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷（新高考通用）练习，文件包含专题突破卷07阅读理解之说明文教师版2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷新高考通用docx、专题突破卷07阅读理解之说明文学生版2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷新高考通用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共46页， 欢迎下载使用。
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
2.（2024年新高考II卷C篇阅读理解）We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
8. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
9. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
10. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
3.（2024年新高考II卷D篇阅读理解）Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
12. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
13. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
14. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
15. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
2024年高考模拟真题
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·三模）Duble rainbws are ne thing, but a duble aurra (极光)? They can happen, thugh sme kinds are rare. One particular red-and-green aurra is especially cnfusing. Nw, images taken by amateur astrnmers may help reveal its secrets.
Citizen scientists living in Canada and Finland used cameras t dcument an unusual cmbinatin f aurras in the night sky. Physicists have studied thse images t learn what may have caused the unusual light shw.
Alan Dyer was utside his hme in Strathmre, Canada, when the dancing Nrthern Lights caught his attentin. He grabbed his camera and started filming. "I knew I had smething interesting," says Dyer. At first glance, the duble aurra lks like a flating slice f watermeln. The green aurra is well-understd. The fruity lking red st rip is mre mysterius. Scientists have knwn abut these red aurras fr decades. But there's n agreement n hw they frm. One idea is that Earth's magnetic field can heat up certain areas f the atmsphere. That heat culd knck particles (粒子) arund, like in prtn (质子) rain.
Researchers had seen these tw types f aurras ccur tgether befre. But it was always mysterius, says Tshi Nishimura, a space physicist at Bstn University. After lking at satellite bservatins alng with the images taken by Dyer and thers, Nishimura and his team cncluded hw the tw phenmena might be related. The key is the thin rays in the red aurra. They mark the paths f electrns falling thrugh the Earth's magnetic field. That means electrn rain appears t cause the red aurra, just as prtn rain causes the green ne. Bth get pwered by the slar wind. But the electrns carry less energy than the prtns, s they make fr a mre reddish clr.
Electrn rain might nt be the nly way t prduce the stable red aurras, thugh. The results shw that what's ging n is mre cmplicated than researchers had thught. The aurras Dyer saw culd be danger znes fr radi cmmunicatin and GPS systems, says Nishimura.
The citizen scientists wh tk the phts were a critical part f the new findings, Nishimura says.
1．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A news reprt n astrnmic discveries.
B．A blg abut sky phenmena.
C．A review f aurra research.
D．A brchure f aurra turs.
2．What can be inferred abut red aurras?
A．They are fully understd by scientists.
B．They were first sptted by Alan Dyer.
C．They are related t Earth's magnetic field.
D．They are generated frm prtn rain.
3．What may affect the clr f the aurra?
A．The path it travels alng.B．The energy particles carry.
C．The wavelength f rays.D．The surce f slar wind.
4．What des the authr indicate by mentining Alan Dyer's example?
A．Phtgraphy drives scientific research.
B．The duble aurra is a threat t GPS system.
C．Satellite bservatins lead t aurra discveries.
D．Citizen scientists help explain the duble aurra.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了双重极光的现象，特别是红色和绿色极光的形成原因，以及公民科学家如何通过拍摄图片帮助科学家研究这一现象。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Duble rainbws are ne thing, but a duble aurra（极光 )? They can happen, thugh sme kinds are rare. One particular red-and-green aurra is especially cnfusing. Nw, images taken by amateur astrnmers may help reveal its secrets.”（ 双彩虹是一回事，但双极光呢？这种情况可能会发生，尽管有些类型很少见。一种特殊的红绿极光尤其令人困惑。现在，由业余天文学家拍摄的图像可能有助于揭示它的秘密。）主要介绍了双重极光的现象，特别是红色和绿色极光的形成原因，以及公民科学家如何通过拍摄图片帮助科学家研究这一现象。所以这是一篇关于天文发现的新闻报道。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“One idea is that Earth's magnetic field can heat up certain areas f the atmsphere.”（一种观点是地球的磁场可以加热大气的某些区域。）可推知，红色极光与地球的磁场有关。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the electrns carry less energy than the prtns, s they make fr a mre reddish clr.”（但是电子携带的能量比质子少，所以它们产生更红的颜色。）可知，粒子携带的能量影响极光的颜色。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The citizen scientists wh tk the phts were a critical part f the new findings, Nishimura says.”（Nishimura说，拍摄这些照片的公民科学家是新发现的关键部分。）可推知，作者提到艾伦·戴尔的例子是想说明公民科学家通过拍摄图片帮助解释双重极光。故选D。
（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）Medicine is nt exclusively a human inventin. Many ther animals, frm insects t birds t nnhuman primates, have been knwn t self-medicate with plants and minerals fr infectins and ther cnditins.
Behaviral eclgist Helen Mrrgh-Bernard f the Brne Nature Fundatin has spent decades studying the island’s rangutans (猩猩) and says she has nw fund evidence they use plants in a previusly unseen medicinal way.
During mre than 20, 000 hurs f frmal bservatin, Mrrgh-Bernard and her clleagues watched 10 rangutans ccasinally chew a particular plant (which is nt part f their nrmal diet) int a famy lather (泡沫) and then rub it int their fur. The apes spent up t 45 minutes at a time massaging the mixture nt their upper arms r legs. The researchers believe this behavir is the first knwn example f a nnhuman animal using a tpical painkiller.
Lcal peple use the same plant Dracaena cantleyi, an unremarkable-lking plant with stalked leaves-t treat aches and pains. Mrrgh-Bernard’s c-authrs studied its chemistry. They added extracts (提出物) frm the plant t human cells that had been grwn in a dish and had been artificially stimulated t prduce cytkines, an immune system respnse that causes inflammatin (炎症) and discmfrt. The plant extract reduced the prductin f several types f cytkines, the scientists reprted the finding in a study published last Nvember in Scientific Reprts.
The results suggest that rangutans use the plant t reduce inflammatin and treat pam. Such findings culd help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful fr human medicatins.
In creatures such as insects, the ability t self-medicate is almst certainly innate: wlly bear caterpillars infected with flies seek ut and eat plant substances that are pisnus t the flies. But mre cmplex animals may learn such tricks after an initial discvery by ne member f their grup.
Fr example, an rangutan may have rubbed the plant n its skin t try t treat parasites and realized that it als had a pleasant pain-killing effect. That behavir may then have been passed n t ther rangutans. Because this type f-self-medicatin is seen nly in suth-central Brne, Mrrgh-Bernard says, it was prbably learned lcally.
5．What d we knw abut Dracaena cantleyi?
A．It can serve as a pain killer.B．It is rangutans nrmal diet.
C．It is a plant with a famy lather.D．L can functin as building materials.
6．Hw did Mrrgh-Bernard’s team prve the plant’s healing prperties?
A．By studying the plant’s chemistry.B．By bserving apes eating the plant.
C．By extracting cytkines frm the plant.D．By watching lcal peple using the plant.
7．What is the significance f the findings?
A．Btanists can better understand plants.
B．Scientists can find a new way t study apes.
C．Dctrs may have the pwer t cure mre diseases.
D．Drug cmpanies may find new materials fr medicine.
8．What can we learn accrding t the passage?
A．Medicine is a human unique inventin.B．Plant extracts are the best t treat-pain.
C．Humans and animals have a lt in cmmn.D．Insects have the natural ability t self medicatin.
【答案】5．A 6．A 7．D 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，药物并不是人类的独家发明，研究人员通过观察猩猩用一种植物进行自我治疗，发现有很多其他动物都会用植物和矿物质来自我治疗感染和其他疾病。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Lcal peple use the same plant Dracaena cantleyi, an unremarkable-lking plant with stalked leaves-t treat aches and pains.(当地人用同样的植物Dracaena cantleyi（一种长着茎状叶子的普通植物）来治疗疼痛)”可知，Dracaena cantleyi可以用来止疼，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Mrrgh-Bernard’s c-authrs studied its chemistry.(Mrrgh-Bernard的合著者研究了它的化学成分)”可知，Mrrgh-Bernard团队是通过研究这种植物的化学性质证明了它的药物疗效，故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Such findings culd help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful fr human medicatins.(这些发现可以帮助识别可能对人类药物有用的植物和化学物质)”可知，这些发现的意义是制药公司可能会发现新的药物材料。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In creatures such as insects, the ability t self-medicate is almst certainly innate(在昆虫等生物中，自我治疗的能力几乎肯定是天生的)”以及“But mre cmplex animals may learn such tricks after an initial discvery by ne member f their grup.(但更复杂的动物可能会在群体中的一个成员最初发现后学会这些技巧)”可知，一些昆虫的自我治疗能力是天生的，而更多的动物是后天学习而得，故选D。
（2024·江西上饶·二模）Digital reading appears t be destrying habits f “deep reading”. Amazing numbers f peple with year f schling are in effect illiterate (不识字的). Admittedly, sme peple have been cmplaining abut new media since 1492, but tday’s cmplaints have an evidential basis, Ljubljana Reading Manifest says, “The digital area may lead t mre reading than ever in histry, but it als ffers many attractins t read in a shallw and scattered (碎片化的) manner — r even nt t read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.”
Digital literacy has changed reading. When yu read a bk n paper, yu can be entirely inside the experience, absrbing hundreds f pages t capture the wrld’s cmplexity. Online, says Maryanne Wlf f UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrlling”. The medium is the message: ding deep reading n yur phne is as hard as playing tennis with yur phne. Recently, a bright 11-year-ld tld me I was wasting time n bks: he absrbed mre infrmatin faster frm Wikipedia. He had a pint. But digital readers als absrb mre misinfrmatin. And they seldm, absrb nuanced (微妙的) ideas.
In the white paper that underlies the Ljubljana Reading Manifest, experts catalgue the passive parts f digital reading: “Recent studies f varius kinds indicate a decline f... critical and cnscius reading, slw reading, nn-strategic reading and lng-frm reading.” In the 2021 internatinal PISA survey, 49 percent f students agreed that “I read nly if I have t”, 13 percentage pints higher than in 2000.
As prfessrs frm Nrthwestern University fresaw in 2005, we are returning t the days when nly an elite (精英的) “reading class” cnsumes lng texts — despite mre peple spending lnger in educatin and bk sales remaining rbust.
Peple wh lse higher-level reading skills als lse thinking skills. That’s hrrible, because “higher-level reading” has been essential t civilizatin. It enabled the Enlightenment, and an internatinal rise in sympathy fr peple wh aren’t like us.
9．What is the advantage f the digital reading?
A．It makes mre peple start t read widely.
B．It makes mre peple begin t think deeper.
C．It helps the yung t make use f the Internet.
D．It helps peple take advantage f their spare time.
10．What is Maryanne Wlf’s attitude twards digital reading?
A．Supprtive.B．Oppsed.C．Objective.D．Uncncerned.
11．What can be inferred abut the teens nw accrding t paragraph 3?
A．Teens shuld change the critical and cnscius reading.
B．Nearly half f the teens never read at all.
C．They dn’t believe what the experts indicate.
D．The trend f reading bks is increasingly declining.
12．Which statement is fit fr the underlined wrd in paragraph 4?
A．Mre and mre bks are purchased.
B．It’s unnecessary fr peple t buy bks.
C．Mre and mre peple like t visit the bkstres.
D．The sales f bks keep still fr a really lng time.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了数字阅读对深度阅读习惯的破坏性影响，以及深度阅读在文明和人类发展中的重要性。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Admittedly, sme peple have been cmplaining abut new media since 1492, but tday’s cmplaints have an evidential basis, Ljubljana Reading Manifest says, “The digital area may lead t mre reading than ever in histry, but it als ffers many attractins t read in a shallw and scattered (碎片化的) manner— r even nt t read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.” (诚然，自1492年以来，有些人一直在抱怨新媒体，但今天的抱怨是有根据的，《卢布尔雅那阅读宣言》说，“数字领域可能会带来比历史上任何时候都多的阅读，但它也提供了许多吸引人的肤浅和分散的阅读方式——甚至根本不阅读。这越来越危及更高水平的阅读。”)”可知，数字领域可能会带来比历史上任何时候都多的阅读，即数字阅读让人们开始广泛阅读。故答案为A。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“When yu read a bk n paper, yu can be entirely inside the experience, absrbing hundreds f pages t capture the wrld’s cmplexity. Online, says Maryanne Wlf f UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrlling”. The medium is the message: ding deep reading n yur phne is as hard as playing tennis with yur phne. (当你阅读一本纸质书时，你可以完全沉浸在其中，吸收数百页的内容来捕捉世界的复杂性。UCLA的玛丽安·沃尔夫说，在网上，我们“略读、浏览、滚动”。媒介就是信息：在手机上进行深度阅读就像用手机打网球一样困难。)”可知，玛丽安·沃尔夫对于数字化阅读持反对态度，她并不看好数字化阅读。故答案为B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the white paper that underlies the Ljubljana Reading Manifest, experts catalgue the passive parts f digital reading: “Recent studies f varius kinds indicate a decline f... critical and cnscius reading, slw reading, nn-strategic reading and lng-frm reading.” In the 2021 internatinal PISA survey, 49 percent f students agreed that “I read nly if I have t”, 13 percentage pints higher than in 2000. (在《卢布尔雅那阅读宣言》的白皮书中，专家们列举了数字阅读的被动部分:“最近的各种研究表明……批判性和有意识的阅读，慢速阅读，非战略性阅读和长篇阅读。”在2021年的国际学生评估项目调查中，49%的学生同意“我只在必要的时候阅读”，比2000年高出13个百分点。)”可知，学生们阅读纸质书籍的趋势逐年下滑。故答案为D。
12．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“As prfessrs frm Nrthwestern University fresaw in 2005, we are returning t the days when nly an elite (精英的) “reading class” cnsumes lng texts —despite mre peple spending lnger in educatin and bk sales remaining (正如西北大学的教授们在2005年所预见的那样，我们正在回到只有精英“阅读阶层”才会阅读长篇文章的时代——尽管越来越多的人在教育上花费的时间更长，图书销售也保持……)”可知，越来越多的人在教育上花费的时间更长，所以图书销售也保持强劲，即图书的销售呈现上升的趋势，划线词的含义为“购买的书越来越多”。A. Mre and mre bks are purchased购买的书越来越多；B. It’s unnecessary fr peple t buy bks人们没有必要买书；C. Mre and mre peple like t visit the bkstres越来越多的人喜欢去书店；D. The sales f bks keep still fr a really lng time书籍的销售量在很长一段时间内保持稳定。故答案为A。
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·三模）Orienteering (定向越野) invlves running, jgging r walking, and using a map and cmpass t mve between places. It’s a great way t have fun utdrs with friends and family. The aim is t mve between pints, called cntrls, in a certain rder in the quickest time. Events are usually held in parks, fields r frests but they can als happen in twns and cities and even schl playgrunds. Peple can take part either as individuals r as a team.
Beginners’ events will have easier cntrls t find and cver less distance — perhaps a mile r tw. Fr experienced rienteers, the length f the curse culd be much lnger and take in hills and rugh grund.
Orienteers are given a “cntrl descriptin sheet” t help them find each pint. This sheet has details f features t lk fr, like paths and rivers, and a cde that must match the cde at each cntrl. Yu will either mark yur sheet at each cntrl r check in with an electrnic card.
When yu start rienteering, yu will learn map-reading skills. A helpful tip is t keep yur thumb n the spt that shws yur lcatin n the map. Keep it the right way rund: the features in frnt f yu n the grund shuld be in frnt f yu n the map.
Orienteering maps can have five r six clrs. Black areas shw human features, like buildings; brwn shws the cntur (轮廓) lines (height f the land); and blue shws water, such as lakes and rivers. White and green tgether shw wdlands; yellw areas represent grass and pen areas. On rienteering maps, a curse cnsists f a triangle, circles, a duble circle and smetimes cnnecting lines. The triangle is the start, the duble circle is the finish, and all the circles in between are checkpints.
As yu run between pints by what yu hpe is the quickest rute, yu can take in the scenery arund yu and have a great time chsing yur path and trying t finish in a fast time.
13．What can we learn abut rienteering at the beginning f the text?
A．Its rute is randm.B．Its result is distance-based.
C．It grups rienteers by age.D．It integrates varius skills.
14．Which aspect f rienteering des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A．Tricks f saving time.B．The use f cntrl descriptin sheet.
C．Methds f checking in.D．The imprtance f cdes.
15．Why d rienteers keep their thumb n their lcatin n the map?
A．T track prgress.B．T mark the finish pint.
C．T maintain directin.D．T highlight checkpints.
16．What d the clrs n an rienteering map represent?
A．Gegraphical features.B．Difficulty levels.
C．Rutes fr cmpetitin.D．Stages f the rienteering race.
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了定向越野这种户外活动，该运动结合跑步、慢跑或步行，参与者使用地图和指南针在不同地点间移动。参与者使用检查点描述表和地图技巧导航，地图颜色和符号指示地形和路线，需以最短时间按顺序访问检查点，地点多样，可个人或团队参与。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Orienteering (定向越野) invlves running, jgging r walking, and using a map and cmpass t mve between places. (定向越野涉及跑步、慢跑或步行，并使用地图和指南针在地方之间移动。)”可推知，定向越野融合了各种技能。故选D项。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Orienteers are given a “cntrl descriptin sheet” t help them find each pint. This sheet has details f features t lk fr, like paths and rivers, and a cde that must match the cde at each cntrl. Yu will either mark yur sheet at each cntrl r check in with an electrnic card. (定向运动员得到一张“检查点描述表”来帮助他们找到每个点。此工作表包含要查找的特征的详细信息，例如路径和河流，以及必须与每个点标上的代码相匹配的代码。你可以在每个检查点标记你的表格，或者用电子卡签到)”可知，本段主要介绍了定向越野中检查点描述表的使用，包括其用处、内容以及使用方式。故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A helpful tip is t keep yur thumb n the spt that shws yur lcatin n the map. Keep it the right way rund: the features in frnt f yu n the grund shuld be in frnt f yu n the map. (一个有用的建议是把拇指放在地图上显示你所在位置的地方。保持正确的方向：地面上在你前面的特征应该在地图上也在你前面)”可知，定向运动员将拇指放在地图上的位置是为了保持方向。故选C项。
16．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Orienteering maps can have five r six clrs. Black areas shw human features, like buildings; brwn shws the cntur (轮廓) lines (height f the land); and blue shws water, such as lakes and rivers. White and green tgether shw wdlands; yellw areas represent grass and pen areas. (定向越野地图可以有五到六种颜色。黑色区域表示人类特征，比如建筑物；棕色表示等高线(地面高度)；蓝色表示水，如湖泊和河流。白色和绿色一起表示林地；黄色区域代表草地和开放区域)”可知，定向越野地图上的颜色代表地理特征。故选A项。
（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）Eurpean wildcats culd be reintrduced t England mre than 200 years after they became extinct in the cuntry. The prject has been annunced by UK wildlife charity Wildwd Trust.
Eurpean wildcats are ne f the UK’s rarest mammals. The nly wild ppulatin, numbering fewer than 300 individuals, lives in the Scttish Highlands but they are n the verge f extinctin, partly because they have bred with lcal feral cats (wild-living dmestic cats).
Supprters hpe t save the species in the UK by reintrducing them t England and Wales, where they died ut arund 200 years ag because f hunting and lss f habitat. T bring back the species, Wildwd Trust is planning t build 10 new breeding facilities n tw sites in Kent and Devn. Kittens bred in captivity but away frm humans will then be released int the wild. The University f Exeter is researching places where the animals culd be reintrduced.
Eurpean wildcats are arund the same size as a large dmestic cat, but at up t eight kilgrams they are slightly adult heavier. They have a tabby-like pattern with thick black stripes n their bdies and a bushy tail and like t live in frests but near pen grassland. They’re als famusly shy and keep their distance frm humans. Laura Gardner, directr f cnservatin at Wildwd Trust, tld The Times newspaper that peple shuld nt be wrried by the thught f wildcats returning t the wild. “We’re nt talking abut wlves,” she said.
Wildwd Trust says that its prject can benefit bth the wildcats and the habitats where they live. They are ne f the few native predatrs left in the UK, s a healthy ppulatin f wildcats culd help t cntrl the numbers f animals they prey n, such as rabbits and rdents. By cmpeting fr the same fd as fxes, they will als help t reduce fx numbers and restre a balance t nature.
17．What is the aim f the prject?
A．T save wildcats frm dying ut.B．T ensure wildcats’gd habitats.
C．T raise mney t prtect wildcats.D．T build sme new breeding facilities.
18．What des the authr indicate by mentining Laura Gardner in paragraph 4?
A．Wildcats are very shy animals.B．Wildcats are nt as fierce as wlves.
C．Eurpean wildcats are unique animals.D．Wildcats cannt pse a threat fr humans.
19．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Wildcats will threaten the number f ther animals.
B．Wildcats and its habitats will be well prtected.
C．Wildcats can cntribute t eclgical balance.
D．Wildcats are ne f the few predatrs left in the UK.
20．What is the best title f the text?
A．Wildwd Trust Annuncing a Plan.
B．Rare Wildcats Making a Cmeback.
C．Reintrducing Wildcats Benefiting Us.
D．Wildcats Disappearing Frm the Wrld.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由英国野生动物慈善机构Wildwd Trust宣布的，欧洲野猫在灭绝200年后，可能被重新引进英国的计划。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段“Supprters hpe t save the species in the UK by reintrducing them t England and Wales, where they died ut arund 200 years ag because f hunting and lss f habitat.”（支持者希望通过将它们重新引入英格兰和威尔士来拯救英国的这一物种，大约200年前，由于狩猎和栖息地的丧失，它们在那里灭绝了。）可知，这个计划希望将欧洲野猫这一物种重新引入英国，以拯救它们免于灭绝。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“Laura Gardner, directr f cnservatin at Wildwd Trust, tld The Times newspaper that peple shuld nt be wrried by the thught f wildcats returning t the wild. “We’re nt talking abut wlves,” she said.”（Laura Gardner是Wildwd Trust的保护主管，她告诉《泰晤士报》，人们不应该为野猫回归野外的想法而担心。“我们说的不是狼，”她说。）可知，该段提到Laura Gardner是为了告诉人们，野猫和狼不一样，它们不会对人类造成威胁，所以不用担心。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They are ne f the few native predatrs left in the UK, s a healthy ppulatin f wildcats culd help t cntrl the numbers f animals they prey n, such as rabbits and rdents. By cmpeting fr the same fd as fxes, they will als help t reduce fx numbers and restre a balance t nature.”（它们是英国为数不多的本土食肉动物之一，所以一个健康的野猫种群可以帮助控制它们捕食的动物的数量，比如兔子和啮齿动物。通过与狐狸争夺同样的食物，它们也将有助于减少狐狸的数量，恢复自然的平衡。）可知，野猫有助于控制其捕食的动物的数量，以及狐狸之类的竞争者的数量，从而保持生态平衡。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Eurpean wildcats culd be reintrduced t England mre than 200 years after they became extinct in the cuntry.”（欧洲野猫在英国灭绝200多年后，可能会被重新引入英国。）和第二段“Eurpean wildcats are ne f the UK’s rarest mammals.”（欧洲野猫是英国最稀有的哺乳动物之一。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了英国的稀有动物——欧洲野猫即将被重新引入英国、卷土重来的计划。故选B。
（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）A shadwy figure sits alne in a rm, his face dimly lit by a cmputer screen. With a grin, he types in a series f cmputer cmmands, and in the blink f an eye, smene’s bank accunt is drained t zer.
In tday’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thusands f times per day. Hackers can steal mney, infrmatin, r cmpletely take cntrl f a machine frm anywhere in the wrld. Hwever, nt all hackers are villains.
Sme hackers, called white hat r ethical hackers, are individuals wh make the mst f their hacking skills t identify security vulnerabilities (漏洞) in hardware, sftware and netwrks. Their jb is crucial in preventing cyberattacks and safeguarding sensitive infrmatin. The term “white hat” riginated frm ld cwby mvies, where heres wre white hats and villains wre black nes. Like the heres in cwby mvies, white hats seek t stp the bad guys and save the day.
White hat hackers nly seek vulnerabilities legally, ften wrking n pen-surce sftware r with authrized access t systems. Once these weak spts are identified, cmpanies r individuals can take steps t prevent serius breaches and lsses. White hat hackers use a variety f different techniques t keep the internet safe. Penetratin testing, fr example, allws them t mimic cyberattacks and uncver system weaknesses. Security scanning tls allw white hats t identify hles in a netwrk’s security systems. Simulating denial-f-service attacks (DS attacks) helps cmpanies prepare fr attacks against their websites.
Many f the wrld’s tp white hat hackers began their jurneys n the wrng side f the law. A prime example is Kevin Mitnick. This ntrius hacker nce held the title f “mst wanted hacker” in the U. S. due t his cybercriminal activities in 1995. Hwever, after being arrested and spending five years in jail, his life tk a remarkable turn. Mitnick decided t use his hacking skills fr ethical purpses, eventually establishing his wn cybersecurity cnsulting cmpany.
If yu aspire t be a white hat hacker, start by building a strng fundatin in cmputer and netwrk fundamentals. Gd luck, cmputer cwby!
21．What des the underlined wrd “villains” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．evil-ders.B．heres.C．attackers.D．victims.
22．What can we learn abut white hat hackers?
A．They wear white hats in cwby mvies.
B．They d everything t safeguard peple’s infrmatin.
C．They legally use their prfessinal skills t help peple.
D．They find vulnerabilities fr persnal gain withut ding harm.
23．Peple skilled in cmputer and netwrk can’t be tp white hat hackers unless ______.
A．they bey the law
B．they identify security weak pints
C．they take measures t stp serius lsses
D．they build their wn cybersecurity cnsulting cmpanies
24．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T teach us hw t stay secure nline.
B．T tell us hw t be tp white hackers.
C．T warn us f the dangers f cyberattacks.
D．T intrduce defenders f the digital wrld.
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．A 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在数字时代充分利用黑客技能来捍卫数字世界安全的“白帽黑客”。
21．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“In tday’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thusands f times per day. Hackers can steal mney, infrmatin, r cmpletely take cntrl f a machine frm anywhere in the wrld. (在当今的数字时代，这样的网络攻击每天都会发生数千次。黑客可以从世界任何地方窃取金钱、信息，或者完全控制一台机器。)”可知，在当今数字时代，很多黑客从世界的任何期房窃取金钱、信息或者是控制一台机器，由此可知，黑客作者一些不好的事情，结合hwever可知，划线单词所在的句子表示的内容与上文为转折关系，所以此处表示的是不是所有的黑客都是做不好的事情的人，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“做不好事情的人”的意义相近，A项“evil-ders”（作恶者）与其意思相近。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“White hat hackers nly seek vulnerabilities legally, ften wrking n pen-surce sftware r with authrized access t systems. Once these weak spts are identified, cmpanies r individuals can take steps t prevent serius breaches and lsses. (白帽黑客只通过合法途径寻找漏洞，他们通常利用开源软件或获得系统访问权限。一旦发现了这些弱点，公司或个人就可以采取措施防止严重的违规和损失。)”可知，白帽黑客一般都是采用合法的途径进入系统，去发现系统的弱点，以便采取措施防止严重的违规和损失，由此可知，白帽黑客是合法地使用他们的专业技能来帮助人们。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Many f the wrld’s tp white hat hackers began their jurneys n the wrng side f the law.(世界上许多顶级的白帽黑客都是从违法开始他们的旅程的。)”可知，很多顶级的白帽黑客都是从违法开始自己的旅程，由此可知，精通计算机和网络的人不可能成为顶级白帽黑客的前提是要遵守法律，否则就会成为违法者。故选A项。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In tday’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thusands f times per day. Hackers can steal mney, infrmatin, r cmpletely take cntrl f a machine frm anywhere in the wrld. (在当今的数字时代，这样的网络攻击每天都会发生数千次。黑客可以从世界任何地方窃取金钱、信息，或者完全控制一台机器。)”可知，在当今数字时代，黑客经常攻击网络，做一些危害世界人们的事情，结合下文中的“”Hwever, nt all hackers are villains.(然而，并非所有黑客都是坏人。)以及下文介绍的白帽黑客的特点以及在保护数字世界安全方面的作用可知，本文的目的是介绍数字世界安全的捍卫者——白帽黑客。故选D项。
（2024·四川达州·二模）With the cean cvering mre than 70% f the Earth’s surface, the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended n snar (声呐) technlgies t understand and map the sea flr which had charted nly abut 10% f the wrld’s cean. Fr the cean and castal waters in the US, the number is just arund 35%.
We knw less abut ur planet’s cean than what we knw abut the far side f the mn r the surface f Mars. Part f the reasn fr the lack f bservatin is the challenge f pwering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships t recharge cameras r bserved with a camera tied t a ship t slve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable fr lng-term bservatins.
Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) have taken a majr step t irn ut this prblem by develping a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that culd harvest energy underwater n its wn fr lng perids.
T keep pwer cnsumptin as lw as pssible, the researchers used ff-the-shelf, ultra-lw-pwer imaging sensrs. The device takes clr phts, even in dark underwater envirnments, and sends image data wirelessly thrugh the water.
The camera is pwered by sund. It changes mechanical energy frm sund waves traveling thrugh water int electrical energy that pwers its imaging and cmmunicatins equipment. After getting and encding image data, the camera als uses sund waves t send the data t a receiver that recnstructs the image. Thse sund waves culd cme frm any surce, like a passing ship r marine life. As it desn’t need a pwer surce, the camera culd run fr weeks n end befre getting it back, enabling scientists t search remte parts f the cean fr new species.
Nw that researchers have demnstrated a wrking prttype (原型), they plan t enhance the device s it is practical in real-wrld settings. Fr future applicatin, these cameras may be used t take images f cean pllutin and create mre accurate mdels t mnitr climate change t better understand hw climate change impacts the underwater wrld, and advance varius undersea scientific fields.
25．What d the data in paragraph 1 mainly shw?
A．Undersea explratin is pr in the US.
B．Much f the planet’s cean remains unexplred.
C．The mapping f the sea flr is time-cnsuming.
D．Technlgy develpment matters a lt t sea bservatin.
26．What limits the researchers’ undersea explratin accrding t the text?
A．The cmplexity f the sea envirnment.
B．The cncern abut ptential sea pllutin.
C．The shrtage f investment in cean explratin.
D．The inability t effectively pwer underwater cameras.
27．What des the underlined phrase “irn ut” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Overcme.B．Face.
C．Analyze.D．Illustrate.
28．Which f the fllwing can best describe the MIT underwater camera?
A．Secure and stable.B．Expensive but effective.
C．Impractical but advanced.D．Self-sufficient and energy-saving.
【答案】25．B 26．D 27．A 28．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力的无线水下相机。
25．推理判断题。根据首段“With the cean cvering mre than 70% f the Earth’s surface, the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended n snar (声呐) technlgies t understand and map the sea flr which had charted nly abut 10% f the wrld’s cean. Fr the cean and castal waters in the US, the number is just arund 35%.(由于海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%以上，美国国家海洋和大气管理局表示，科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制海底地图，而海底地图只占世界海洋面积的10%左右。对于美国的海洋和沿海水域，这一数字仅为35%左右。)”可知，海洋占地球表面面积的70%，而科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制的海底地图只占10%左右，美国海域，这一数字也只占35%左右，这些数据表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Part f the reasn fr the lack f bservatin is the challenge f pwering an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，缺乏对海洋观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难，由此可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索。故选D项。
27．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Part f the reasn fr the lack f bservatin is the challenge f pwering an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索，结合画线短语前的“Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) have taken a majr step(最近，麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步)”可知，就这个问题麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步。结合画线短语后的“by develping a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that culd harvest energy underwater n its wn fr lng perids.(他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机可以在水下长时间收集能量。)”可知，他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机能在水下长时间收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工学院的研究人员应该是在解决这个问题方面迈出了重要的一步，所以画线短语的意思应与“解决”意义相近。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The camera is pwered by sund. It changes mechanical energy frm sund waves traveling thrugh water int electrical energy that pwers its imaging and cmmunicatins equipment.(这台摄像机是由声音驱动的。它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力。)”可知，该摄像机将声波转化成电能为成像和通信提供动力，由此可知，该相机可以自给自足，结合下文中的“As it desn’t need a pwer surce, the camera culd run fr weeks n end befre getting it back, enabling scientists t search remte parts f the cean fr new species.(由于它不需要电源，相机可以连续运行数周才返回，使科学家能够在海洋的偏远地区寻找新物种。)”可知，这种摄像机不需要电源，所以可以节约能源。综合以上信息，该摄像机既可以自给自足又能节约能源。故选D项。
（2024·山东泰安·二模）When Spanish meets English, new dialects emerge, giving us real-time insight int language evlutin, linguists say.
Fr instance, “Vams de punches punches punches”, Yamilet Munz texted her friends in Austin, Texas. It means “let’s g and party”, but it’s nt a phrase yu’ll find in any dictinary. It’s a remix f Spanish and English wrds seasned with an in-jke abut punching the air as yu dance.
“Our language has always been a very big indicatr f ur cultural pride,” says Munz, whse parents migrated frm Mexic t San Antni, Texas, in the 1990s. Arund 66% f the city's ppulatin identify as Hispanic r Latin/Latina. Fr Munz and her friends there is pride in speaking Spanish, but als in mixing the languages int the hybrid knwn as Spanglish.
The evlutin f Spanglish has been dcumented fr decades, with each generatin adding its unique twist. Nw a grwing bdy f research, as well as the experiences f bilingual(双语的) speakers like Munz, shws just hw deeply English and Spanish are influencing each ther in the United States, resulting in hybrid dialects like Spanglish, but als, transfrming the underlying languages.
Fr the past decade, Carter and his clleagues have studied language change in Miami, a city where sme 72% identify as Latin r Hispanic and which is strngly shaped by histrical migratin frm Cuba. Their research dcuments the emergence f a distinct “Miami English” dialect as a result f that Spanish-language heritage.
The Spanish influence has als shwn up in ways peple may nt immediately ntice, such as sunds like the “” in “bt” being prnunced in a mre Spanish-style way in Miami, mre like the Spanish “u” vwel, accrding t separate research by Carter, Lydda Lpez Valdez at the University f Miami and Nandi Sims at Ohi State University.
“This is the wrk f language change, this is the wrk f dialect frmatin, this is hw it happens. It happens in things that are really nticeable, like the phrase ‘get dwn frm the car’, but it als happens in really slight ways,” he says.
29．Why is an example intrduced in Paragraph 2?
A．T illustrate the language innvatin.
B．T explain the advantage f Spanish.
C．T highlight the mix f Spanish and English.
D．T prve the enrichment f English vcabulary.
30．What can be inferred frm Munz and her friends?
A．Spanish and English are interrelating.
B．Mixing tw languages is cmplicated.
C．Languages dminate cultural develpment.
D．Bilingualists tend t bserve their wn culture.
31．What des Carter intend t cnvey?
A．Dialects evlve flexibly and frequently.
B．Spanish pssesses mre sunds than English.
C．Phrases are changing mre slwly than befre.
D．Language change is prgressive and dynamic.
32．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Researchers are Studying Languages.
B．Hw Mdem English is Changing Glbally.
C．Hw a Generatin is Reinventing Spanglish.
D．Hw Spanglish is Influencing American Culture
【答案】29．A 30．A 31．D 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Spanglish（西班牙语和英语的混合语）的形成和演变，特别是新一代人是如何重新创造Spanglish的。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When Spanish meets English, new dialects emerge, giving us real-time insight int language evlutin, linguists say.(语言学家说，当西班牙语与英语相遇时，新的方言就会出现，让我们实时了解语言的演变。)”和文章第二段“Fr instance, “Vams de punches punches punches”, Yamilet Munz texted her friends in Austin, Texas. It means “let’s g and party”, but it’s nt a phrase yu’ll find in any dictinary. It’s a remix f Spanish and English wrds seasned with an in-jke abut punching the air as yu dance.(例如，“Vams de punches punches punches”，Yamilet Munz给她在得克萨斯州奥斯汀的朋友们发了这条短信。这句话的意思是“让我们去派对”，但这不是你在任何字典里都能找到的短语。这是西班牙语和英语单词的混合体，并带有一个关于跳舞时挥拳的玩笑。)”可知，第二段中引入一个例子是为了说明语言的创新。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Fr Munz and her friends there is pride in speaking Spanish, but als in mixing the languages int the hybrid knwn as Spanglish. (对于穆尼奥斯和她的朋友们来说，说西班牙语是一件很骄傲的事，但同时也为将两种语言混合成一种被称为西班牙式英语的混合体而感到自豪。)”和文章第四段“Nw a grwing bdy f research, as well as the experiences f bilingual(双语的) speakers like Munz, shws just hw deeply English and Spanish are influencing each ther in the United States, resulting in hybrid dialects like Spanglish, but als, transfrming the underlying languages.(现在，越来越多的研究，以及像穆尼奥斯这样的双语使用者的经历，表明英语和西班牙语在美国是多么深刻地相互影响，产生了像西班牙式英语这样的混合方言，同时也改变了基础语言。)”可推知，Munz和她的朋友们在说话中混合使用西班牙语和英语，这表明两种语言是相互关联的。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““This is the wrk f language change, this is the wrk f dialect frmatin, this is hw it happens. It happens in things that are really nticeable, like the phrase ‘get dwn frm the car’, but it als happens in really slight ways,” he says.(“这是语言变化的成果，这是方言形成的成果，这就是它是如何发生的。它会发生在一些非常明显的事情中，比如‘从车里下来’，但它也会以非常轻微的方式发生，”他说。)”可推知，Carter想要传达的是语言变化是渐进的和动态的。故选D。
32．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Spanglish（西班牙语和英语的混合语）的形成和演变，特别是新一代人是如何重新创造Spanglish的。文章中提到，当西班牙语遇到英语时，新的方言就会出现，这为我们提供了语言演变的实时洞察。文章还通过Yamilet Munz的例子，展示了Spanglish是如何在年轻人中流行的，并强调了这种语言混合现象在文化和身份认同中的重要性。因此，文章的最佳标题应该是C项“Hw a Generatin is Reinventing Spanglish”，即“一代人是如何重新创造Spanglish的”。故选C。
（2024·山东泰安·二模）A new frm f real estate is ppping up alng the beaches f Suth Africa, which are just big enugh t fit a family f African penguins. Their unique selling pint: a safe and cl place fr penguins t breed (繁殖).
Histrically, the penguins dug hles in layers f guan (鸟粪), but in the 19th century, traders started selling guan as fertilizer, leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly expsed t predatrs (捕食者) and the burning sun. This has caused African penguin ppulatins t decrease. That’s why cnservatinists have cme t the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Prject (APNP), which aims t emply artificial nests t prvide penguin parents a safe and shaded place t raise their chicks.
While guan trade petered ut by the late 1800s, recreating the layers that accumulated ver thusands f years isn’t an ptin, because seabird ppulatins have declined s much ver time and it wuld take arund 600 years t prduce ne usable guan layer. Hence, the prject decided t build artificial nests. At first glance, they lk fairly simple--a dmed structure made frm tw mlded shells f fabric cated in ceramic slurry (陶瓷浆料),with a small entrance measuring abut 20 centimeters wide.
Getting the right temperature and dampness inside the nest was the tughest and mst crucial part. The tw-layer design and ventilatin hles (通风孔) create an air cnditining effect, while the white paint reflects the sun, helping t maintain an interir temperature f less than 35 degrees Celsius.
The prject started t use the nests in late 2018.“Within a matter f minutes, penguins were running int them,” says Graham, crdinatr f APNP. “That tells yu hw desperate they are fr any pprtunity t find a safe place t nest. Hwever, ppulatin recvery relies n mre than merely giving African penguins a safe place t breed. It’s nt simply a case f ‘we give them a nest, the species are saved ‘. There has t be mre.”
33．What d we knw abut artificial nests?
A．They functin better than natural nests.
B．They are designed and built scientifically.
C．They are unique attractins f Suth Africa.
D．They are equipped with mini air-cnditiners.
34．What is the gal f APNP?
A．T raise mney t preserve penguins.
B．T prmte the sale f artificial nests.
C．T help penguins fight against diseases.
D．T prvide habitable shelters fr penguins.
35．What des the underlined phrase “petered ut” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．turned upB．dried utC．faded awayD．fell apart
36．Which f the fllwing statements might Graham agree with?
A．Penguins breed mre chicks in safer places.
B．Varius cnservatin effrts need be cmbined.
C．Artificial nests have achieved the desired effect.
D．Artificial nests shuld be applied t ther species.
【答案】33．B 34．D 35．C 36．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在南非海滩上为非洲企鹅建立的人工巢穴项目，旨在通过科普的方式阐述该项目的背景、人工巢穴的设计特点及其对企鹅保护的意义。文中包含了对现象的描述、项目目的的说明、设计细节的解释以及项目实施效果的简要反馈。
33．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“The tw-layer design and ventilatin hles (通风孔) create an air cnditining effect, while the white paint reflects the sun, helping t maintain an interir temperature f less than 35 degrees Celsius. (双层设计和通风口创造了空调效果，而白色油漆反射阳光，有助于保持室内温度低于35摄氏度。)”可知，它们是经过科学设计和建造的。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“That’s why cnservatinists have cme t the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Prject (APNP), which aims t emply artificial nests t prvide penguin parents a safe and shaded place t raise their chicks. (这就是为什么自然资源保护主义者发起了非洲企鹅巢项目（APNP），该项目旨在利用人工鸟巢为企鹅父母提供一个安全、阴凉的地方来抚养他们的孩子。)”可知，APNP的目标是为企鹅提供可居住的庇护所。故选D项。
35．词句猜测题。由文章第三段中的“recreating the layers that accumulated ver thusands f years isn’t an ptin, because seabird ppulatins have declined s much ver time and it wuld take arund 600 years t prduce ne usable guan layer. (重建几千年来积累的鸟粪层是不可能的，因为随着时间的推移，海鸟的数量已经减少了很多，而产生一个可用的鸟粪层需要大约600年的时间。)”可知，重新创造历史上积累了几千年的鸟粪层是不可能的，因为这需要大约600年的时间才能产生一层可用的鸟粪层。鸟粪贸易在19世纪后期逐渐消失，petered ut应该指的是“逐渐减少或消失了”。A. turned up出现；B. dried ut干涸；C. faded away逐渐消失；D. fell apart分崩离析。故选C项。
36．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The prject started t use the nests in late 2018.“Within a matter f minutes, penguins were running int them,” says Graham, crdinatr f APNP. “That tells yu hw desperate they are fr any pprtunity t find a safe place t nest. Hwever, ppulatin recvery relies n mre than merely giving African penguins a safe place t breed. It’s nt simply a case f ‘we give them a nest, the species are saved ‘. There has t be mre.” (该项目于2018年底开始使用这些巢穴。“几分钟之内，企鹅就撞上了它们，”APNP协调员格雷厄姆说。“这告诉你它们是多么渴望找到一个安全的地方筑巢。然而，数量的恢复不仅仅依赖于给非洲企鹅一个安全的繁殖场所。这不是简单的‘我们给它们一个巢穴，这个物种就得救了’。必须有更多。”)”可知，Graham认为仅仅为非洲企鹅提供安全的繁殖地并不足以恢复其种群数量，还需要更多的保护措施。因此，Graham可能会同意的观点是选项B“Varius cnservatin effrts need be cmbined. (各种保护努力需要结合在一起)”。故选B项。
（2024·湖北武汉·三模）Scientists have fund a way t decde (解码) a stream f wrds in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. The system recnstructs the main pint f what a persn hears r imagines, rather than trying t cpy each wrd, a team reprts.“It’s getting at the ideas behind the wrds, the meaning, says Alexander Huth, an authr f the study.”
Previus effrts t decde language have relied n sensrs placed directly n the surface f the brain. The sensrs detect signals in areas invlved in expressing wrds. But the Texas team’s apprach is an attempt t “decde mre freefrm thught,” says Marcel Just, a prfessr f psychlgy at Carnegie Melln University.
The new study came abut as part f an effrt t understand hw the brain prcesses language. Researchers had three peple spend up t 16 hurs each in a functinal MRI scanner which detects signs f activity acrss the brain. Participants wre headphnes that streamed audi frm the Internet. Thse streams f wrds prduced activity all ver the brain, nt just in areas assciated with speech and language. After participants listened t hurs f stries in the scanner, the MRI data was sent t a cmputer. It learned t match specific patterns f brain activity with certain streams f wrds. Then came a paraphrased versin f what a participant heard.
The MRI apprach is currently slwer and less accurate than an experimental cmmunicatin system being develped fr paralyzed peple, where peple get a sheet f electrical sensrs implanted directly n the surface f the brain. With an MRI-based system, n ne has t get surgery.
But future versins f MRI scans culd raise mral questins. “What if yu can read ut the wrd that smebdy is just thinking in their head? That’s ptentially a harmful thing.” Huth says. This technlgy can’t really read minds uncntrllably, thugh. It nly wrks when a participant is actively cperating with scientists. Still, systems that decde language culd smeday supprt peple wh are unable t speak because f a brain injury r disease. They are als assisting scientists in understanding hw the brain prcesses wrds and thughts.
37．What is special abut the Texas team’s study?
A．Brain can be recnstructed.B．Expressin can be perfected.
C．Meanings can be cmprehended.D．Sensr signals can be imprved.
38．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The prcess f an experiment.B．Patterns f brain activity.
C．Steps f wrd matching.D．The way f speech decding.
39．What can be implied abut MRI scans frm the last paragraph?
A．They are a duble-edged swrd.B．They are ptentially harmful t life.
C．They are helpful t treat brain disease.D．They are well wrth researching.
40．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Decder That Can Read Yur MindB．MRI Scanner: Raise a mral questin
C．MRI Scanner: Still a Lng Way t GD．A Decder That Can Cnvey Meaning
【答案】37．C 38．A 39．D 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过核磁共振扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流，这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段中““It’s getting at the ideas behind the wrds, the meaning, says Alexander Huth, an authr f the study.” (该研究的作者之一亚历山大·胡特说：“这是在理解单词背后的意思。”)”和第二段“Previus effrts t decde language have relied n sensrs placed directly n the surface f the brain. The sensrs detect signals in areas invlved in expressing wrds. But the Texas team’s apprach is an attempt t “decde mre freefrm thught,” says Marcel Just, a prfessr f psychlgy at Carnegie Melln University. (以前解码语言的努力依赖于直接放置在大脑表面的传感器。传感器检测与表达单词有关的区域的信号。但卡耐基梅隆大学的心理学教授马塞尔·贾斯特说，德克萨斯团队的方法是试图“解码更多自由形式的思想”)”可知，德克萨斯研究小组的研究的特别之处是：单词背后的意思可以被理解。故选C。
38．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The new study came abut as part f an effrt t understand hw the brain prcesses language. Researchers had three peple spend up t 16 hurs each in a functinal MRI scanner which detects signs f activity acrss the brain. Participants wre headphnes that streamed audi frm the Internet. Thse streams f wrds prduced activity all ver the brain, nt just in areas assciated with speech and language. After participants listened t hurs f stries in the scanner, the MRI data was sent t a cmputer. It learned t match specific patterns f brain activity with certain streams f wrds. Then came a paraphrased versin f what a participant heard. (这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。研究人员让三个人每人花16个小时在功能性核磁共振扫描仪上，以检测大脑活动的迹象。参与者戴着耳机，播放来自互联网的音频。这些单词流在整个大脑中产生活动，而不仅仅是与语音和语言相关的区域。参与者在扫描仪中听了几个小时的故事后，核磁共振成像数据被发送到电脑上。它学会了将特定的大脑活动模式与特定的词汇流相匹配。然后是参与者听到的内容的释义版本)”可知，第三段的描写实验的过程。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still, systems that decde language culd smeday supprt peple wh are unable t speak because f a brain injury r disease. They are als assisting scientists in understanding hw the brain prcesses wrds and thughts. (尽管如此，解码语言的系统有一天可能会帮助那些因脑损伤或疾病而无法说话的人。它们还帮助科学家了解大脑是如何处理文字和思想的)”可知，核磁共振扫描非常值得研究。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Scientists have fund a way t decde (解码) a stream f wrds in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. (科学家们已经找到了一种方法，通过核磁共振扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流)”可知，文章主要说明了科学家通过核磁共振扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流，这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。可知，A选项“A Decder That Can Read Yur Mind (一个能读懂你的心的解码器)”最符合题意。故选A。