语法填空专项-04-动词时态和语态讲义-2025年广东省深圳中考英语专项

这是一份语法填空专项-04-动词时态和语态讲义-2025年广东省深圳中考英语专项，共7页。

时态：表示动作发生或存在状态以及表现方式的一种动词形式。
语态：用来说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。
主动语态表示句子的主语是动作的执行者或行为的主体；
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象
基本结构是be +dne（动词过去分词）
我们将从“结构.和时间状语这两个方面来学习在语法填空中时态和语态的考点。
常用时态结构表
常用语态结构表
1.一般现在时：
主动语态结构：d/des
被动语态结构：am/ is/ are + dne
例：We clean the classrm every day.
The classrm is cleaned by us every day.
一般现在时的基本用法有四种。
(1) 表示现在时刻的状态.能力.性格.个性。
如:Mr. Green has tw children. I like Chinese fd.
(2)表示经常性.习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态，
如: I usually rest n Sundays.
Mr. Brwn always gets up early.
LiLei ges t see Uncle Wang nce a mnth.
(3) 表示客观事实和普遍真理，
如:It never snws in Australia in December. Light travels faster than sund.
(4)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
如: If yu dn’t g sn, yu’ll be late.
时间副词：一般现在时常与下列表示频率的副词或短语连用：
always, usually, ften, smetimes, seldm, hardly，never, twice a week, n Sundays等。
Exercise1
In sme parts f the wrld, tea ________ with milk and sugar. (serve)
at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ______ ff at 18:20.(take)
3. Trees and flwers _________ every year t make ur cuntry mre beautiful. (plant)
4.Jack ften des things flishly, s he smetimes ____ _____ by thers.(laugh)
5. I can guess yu were in a hurry. Yu＿＿＿＿yur sweater inside ut.(wear)
2.一般过去时
主动语态：did
被动语态：was/ were + dne
例：We cleaned the classrm yesterday.
The classrm was cleaned by us yesterday.
一般过去时的用法
（1） 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
例：Where did yu g just nw?
（2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
例：When I was a child, I ften played ftball in the street.
Whenever the Brwns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcme.
◆注：表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去时外，还可以用used t或wuld来表示。
例：She used t study late int the night when she was in Senir Three.
(3）表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。
例：She entered the rm, picked up a magazine and lked thrugh it carefully.
时间标志：在句子中出现 just nw, yesterday, last week,mnth/summer/year, an hur ag, the ther day,
in 1982 等时间副词用一般过去时。
Exercise2
1. --Oh, it’s yu! I ____________ (nt recgnize) yu just nw.
2.This place ___________ (name) a natinal wildlife reserve last year.
3. I was ut f twn at the time, s I dn’t knw exactly hw it _______ (happen).
4. ________ a new library __________ in yur schl last year? (build)
5. They all _________(g) t the muntains yesterday mrning.
3.一般将来时的用法
主动语态：will/ shall d
被动语态：will/ shall be + dne
例：We will clean the classrm sn.
The classrm will be cleaned sn.
时间副词.：当句子中有tmrrw, tmrrw mrning/afternn/evening, next week,mnth,year，in 2020，in tw weeks等时间副词，用一般将来时。
Exercise 3
1.If their marketing plans succeed, they _______ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.
2.A decisin___________________(make) after the meeting this afternn.
3. They _________________(stay) with us this week.
4. The train________________(arrive) in three weeks.
5.Mre plants ___________________(plant) in ur schl next year
4.现在进行时
主动语态：am/ is/ are ding
被动语态：am/ is/ are being + dne
例：We are cleaning the classrm nw.
The classrm is being cleaned nw.
现在进行时用法：
（1） 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
例：We are waiting fr yu.
（2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
例：Mr. Green is writing anther nvel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning pian under Mr. Smith.
时间副词：当句子中有nw , at present，this week, these days，以及lk, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用正在进行时。
Exercise 4
1. I_______________ (write) an article abut my childhd these days, but I haven’t finished it.
2. The mistakes in the exercises will ____________ (find) ut by the teacher.
3. Lk ! The by students are _____ ftball n the playgrund.
4.Listen ! The class ______________(tell) t hand in their hmewrk nw.
5.过去进行时
主动语态：was/were ding
被动语态：was/were being + dne
例：We were cleaning the classrm this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。
The classrm was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫。
时间副词：at eight last night，At this mment yesterday， When I came t see her last time等表示过去某个点或者时间段正在做的事情用过去进行时
Exercise 5
1. I _____________ (leave) when the telephne rang.
2. Shirley _____________ (write) a bk abut China last year, but I’m nt sure if she has finished it.
3. As she __________ (read)the newspaper, Granny ___________ （fall）asleep.
4. I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I culdn’t get thrugh. Her brther ________(talk) n the phne all the time!
6.现在完成时
主动语态：has/have dne
被动语态：has/have been + dne
例：The classrm lks tidy. We have cleaned it.
The classrm lks tidy. It has been cleaned.
现在完成时基本用法
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have seen this film.
(2)表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has been in the League fr three years.
时间副词：already, yet, just, ever, never, befre, recently等；
常与“since＋时间点”或“fr＋时间段”所构成的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可与包括“现在”在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如this mrning, these days等。

Exercise 6
Up t nw, the prject ________________ (help) thusands f children.
2.I like these English sngs and they ___________ (teach) many times n the radi.
3.I gt caught in the rain and my suit__________ (ruin).
4. Mike ______________ (visit)several places since he came t Beijing.
5. We (nt hear) frm them fr a lng time.
7. 过去完成时
主动语态：had dne
被动语态：had been + dne
例：The classrm lked tidy. We had cleaned it.
The classrm lked tidy. It had been cleaned.
过去完成时用法：
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
如： By nine ’clck last night, we had gtten 200 pictures frm the spaceship.
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和fr, since构成的时间状语连用。
例如: I had been at the bus stp fr 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
（3）过去完成时常常用在tld, said, knew, heard, thught等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
例如: I thught I had sent the letter a week befre.
（4） 时间状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如when, befre, after, as sn as, till ,until引导的状语从句
例如： When I wke up, it had already stpped raining.
时间副词：
by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the nvel by nine 'clck last night.
by the end f + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned ver tw thusand English wrds by the end f last term.
befre + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees befre last Wednesday.
Exercise 7
1. When we arrived at the airprt, the plane ____________( leave).
2. By the end f last term, we _____________(learn) 1000 English wrds.
3. It was the third time that she ____________（visit） the Histry Museum.
4. Hw lng the film (begin)when yu gt there?
8.过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句动词为过去时态的宾语从句。
主动语态：wuld d
被动语态：wuld be + dne
例：We tld him that we wuld clean the classrm sn.
We tld him that the classrm wuld be cleaned sn.
Exercise8
The discvery f gld in Australia led thusands t believe that a frtune _______(make).
2.In a rm abve the stre, where a party _____________ (hld), sme wrkers were busily setting the table.
3. They said they_____________（knw）ur answer the next day .
4. She said she _____________ (put) n a new cat the next day.
课堂练习
单选题
1.His father any washing in the mrning.
A. desn’t dB. desn’tC. desn’t desD. des
2.I 1000 English wrds by the end f last term.
A. have learnedB. had learnedC. wuld learnD. was learning
3.My brther knws Lndn very well. He there many times.
A. has beenB. has gneC. wasD. went
4.I first met Lisa three years ag when we _____ at a radi statin tgether.
A. have wrkedB. had been wrkingC. were wrkingD. had wrked
We will g t play with snw if it __________tmrrw.
A. snw B. snws C. will snw D. Snwed
She _______ that she _________ her best t help them the next time.
A. say,will d B.said,wuld d C.said,will d D.says, wuld d
Mther ________ me a new cat yesterday. I ______it n. It fits me well.
A. has made, have tried B.made, have tried
C.has made, tried D.made, tried
By the time I _______back they________up ten metres.
A.came, had climbed B. came, climbed
C.came, have climbed D.had cme, climbed
________the baby still _______? N. It has stpped crying.
A. Has, cried B.Is ,crying C.Did, cry D.was, crying
10.---Hell! Can I speak t Mr. White?
---Srry, he isn’t here right nw. He ______ t the theme park.
A. will gB. was gingC. has gneD. has been
用所给词的正确形式填空
The plan__________(give) up because f rain.
The by is happy because he __________(sell) ut all the newspapers.
__________ this kind f car ___________(prduce) in Shanghai in the 1990s?
Three children ____________(take) gd care by the nurse.
The dctr said Jim must_____________(perate) n at nce.
We are in Grade One this year, s we_____________(teach) physics next year.
The big tree _________(blw) dwn in the strm last night.
What language ___________(speak) in Australia?
The bridge has already____________(repair).
I fund that the students __________________(play) ftball n the playgrund.
Key: 1. Was given 2. Has sld 3. was prduced 4. Were taken 5. Be perated 6. Will be taught 7. Was blwn
is spken 9. Been repaired 10. Were playing
课后练习
一．用所给词的正确形式填空
1.Every year, a festival__________ (hld) at the Beijing Btanical Garden.
2.When I met him the ther day, it was the first time we ______ (see) each ther since we were at schl.
3.In fact, mre and mre peple _________ (chse) t live a greener, healthier and mre envirnmentally
“green life”.
The huse keeper mentined that the dg ___________ (attack) her daughter mre than nce.
5.In the United States, there were 222 peple __________(reprt) t be billinaires（亿万富翁）in 2003.
6.Finishing their shpping at the mall, a cuple discvered that their new car __________（steal）.
7.I (fall) asleep while reading the English textbks. Luckily, my rmmate wke me up in time.
8. My mind wasn’t n what he was saying s I’ m afraid I (miss) half f it.
9. Every Saturday night the place___________ (fill) t the ceiling with cuntry music fans.
10.The baby elephant’s mther ___________ (kill), mst likely by a pacher（偷猎者 n Wednesday.
二.语法填空
A 篇
We 1._____________ (ask) t make a speech in life. Mst f us are afraid f it and dn’t d a gd jb. Here are sme simple steps t make yur speech a 2.__________ (success) ne. First f all，find ut everything 3._________ yur subject and at the same time find ut as much as yu can abut yur audience. Wh are they? 4.___________d they knw abut yur subject? Put yurself in their shes 5.__________yu prepare yur speech. Then try 6__________ (arrange) yur material s that yur speech is clear and easy t fllw. Use as many examples as pssible. Never frget yur audience.
Dn’t talk ver their heads r talk dwn t them. When yu 7____________ (give) yur speech，speak slwly and clearly and lk at yur audience. Pause fr a few secnds frm time t time t give yur audience chance t think ver what yu 8____________ (say). Just remember: be 9____________ (prepare), knw yur subject and yur audience, say what yu have t say and be yurself s that yur ideas 10__________ (bring) yu and yur audience tgether.
Key: 1. Are asked 2. Successful 3. Abut 4. What 5.when 6. T arrange 7. Are giving 8. Have said 9. Prepared 10. will bring
B 篇
Last year my wife and I 1________ (spend) a mst interesting mnth in Turkey. Befre we left, we 2________ (remind) f the difficulties f driving in Turkey. We certainly did nt find this t be the case and, except fr 3________few places in faraway muntain areas, the rads were wide, and well-paved (铺设). We drve fr 12 days alng the Western Cast f Turkey and had n prblems at all. We fund the Turkish drivers t be very plite and well 4____________ (educate). We als fund that eating lunch in the smaller twns was difficult, s we picnicked almst every day.
The fllwing day after ur arrival was Turkey’s Children’s Day, started by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Ataturk lved children and he ften said, “Children are a new ________(begin) f tmrrw.” He even dedicated (奉献) the day 23rd f April t the children which tday is celebrated as Children’s Day as well as the date 6_______ the Republic f Turkey was funded.
On that day certain children 7_________（pick） t take ver the places f the gvernment, and a lucky kid will be the president f Turkey fr a whle day.8__________can decide what’s ging t happen and whether r nt he is ging t have the president next t him. There are a very large number f pssibilities f things he can d. But sme shps aren’t pen because they 9___________ (celebrate) the day as well.
All in all, it was a mre enjyable trip. I 10____________ (recmmend) a trip t Turkey t anyne with an adventurus (冒险的) spirit!
Key: 1. spent 2. Were reminded 3. a 4.educated 5 beginning 6.when 7.are picked 8. He 9. Are celebrating 10. wuld recmmend
内容
考点梳理
动词时态和语态
动词时态表
被动语态表
考点梳理
时间
方式
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
cleans
cleaned
will clean
wuld clean
进行
am/ is/ are cleaning
was/ were cleaning
完成
have/ has cleaned
had cleaned
时间
方式
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
Is/ are cleaned
Was/were cleaned
will be cleaned
wuld be cleaned
进行
am/ is/ are being cleaned
was/ were being cleaned
完成
have/ has been cleaned
had been cleaned