语法填空专项-09-定语从句讲义-2025年广东省深圳中考英语专项

这是一份语法填空专项-09-定语从句讲义-2025年广东省深圳中考英语专项，共8页。学案主要包含了小试牛刀，随堂巩固等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Grammar
--- 定语从句
翻译下列短语，观察下列加黑的部分有什么特点
his desk ___________
Tm’s father ___________
a beautiful city ___________
three teachers ___________
wmen teachers ___________
in the rm abve ___________
a develping cuntry ___________
a develped cuntry ___________
There is nthing t d tday. ___________
an article abut hw t learn English ___________
定义：定语可以由一个词或词组来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。分为限制性和非限制性定语从句（一般与主句用逗号隔开）。
e.g. Mary is a girl wh has lng hair.（定语从句）
修饰girl
This is the classrm where we study.（定语从句）
修饰classrm
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词，代词称为先行词。先行词总是出现在定语从句之前。
e.g. Ftball is a game（先行词） which is liked by mst bys.
关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
1) 关系代词有that, which, wh, whm, whse
2) 关系副词有where, when, why
用关系词合并句子。
(1) The girl is standing there. / The girl is Mary.
______________________________________________________
(2) The man is my teacher. / My mther saw the man in the street.
______________________________________________________
(3) She lives in a huse. / The huse’s windws face suth.
______________________________________________________
『关系代词』
具体用法：
【小试牛刀】
指出关系代词在从句中充当的成分
1) The bk which/that tells us abut the earth is interesting. ()
2) The cmpany will emply a persn whse English is gd. ()
3) I dn’t like peple wh talk much but d little. ()
4) The number f the peple that/wh cme t visit the city each year rises ne millin. ( )
填入适当的关系词，补全下列定语从句
1) The first English nvel _______________ I read was A Tale f Tw Cities.
2) This was the man _______________ he wanted t meet.
3) We are in a rm _______________ windws are brken.
4) The by ______________ yu saw yesterday came here again this mrning.
5) The huse ____________ I lived in five years ag has been pulled dwn.
关系代词考点解析
1) that与which冤家路窄
只能用that的情况：
2) 只能用which的情况：
关系词前有介词/先行词本身就是that/在非限制性定语从句中时，关系词一般用which。
e.g. The pen with which yu are writing is Tm’s.
I dn’t like that which he did.
【小试牛刀】
1) This is the best mvie ______________ I have ever seen.
2) All ____________ can be dne has been dne.
3) I will d everything ______________ I can d t remember mre wrds first.
4) This is the city in _______________ she was brn.
5) Later they talked f things and persns _______________ they remembered in the schl.
『关系副词』
关系副词也可以引导定语从句，并在从句中分别表示时间，地点或原因等。其用法分类列表如下：
【小试牛刀】
1) The time _______________ we gt tgether finally came.
2) I dn’t knw the reasn _______________ he lks unhappy tday.
3) Shanghai is the city _______________ I was brn.
4) I will never frget the day _______________ we jined the army.
5) This is the htel _______________ they stayed.
考点解析之关系代词与关系副词的恩恩怨怨！
1) I will never frget the day _______________ we spent tgether.
I will never frget the day_______________ we stay in Lndn.
分析总结：当关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语时，需用关系代词；而从句1中spend缺少宾语，故选择关系代词that或which。但当关系词代替先行词在从句中充当状语时，需用关系副词；而从句2中we stay是完整句子，不缺宾语，the day在从句中充当时间状语，故选择关系副词when。
2) We visited the factry _______________ makes children’s tys.
We visited the factry _______________ he used t wrk.
分析总结：从句1中缺少主语，故选择关系代词that/ which；从句2句子完整，He used t wrk at the factry，所以the factry在从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。
3) Is this the factry _______________ yur mther wrked last year?
Is this the factry _______________ yur mther visited last year?
笔记：
4) Is this the reasn _______________ he lks upset tday?
Is this the reasn _______________ he explained at the meeting fr his carelessness in his wrk?
笔记：
考点解析之主谓一致在定语从句中的应用
关系词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致.
注意: “ne f+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语用复数,而“the (nly/very) ne f +复数名词”后的定语从句谓语用单数.
e.g. He is the nly ne f the students wh_______________ here just nw. (be)
e.g. He is ne f the students wh_______________ here just nw. (be)
定语从句答题技巧
a.找先行词。
b.把先行词放入从句中，查看其在从句中做什么成分。如果关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语时，用关系代词that/which/wh/whm/whse；如果从句是一个完整的句子，不缺主宾定，则用关系副词where/when/why。
【随堂巩固】
一、单项选择
1. ---The city ________ I visited a few years ag is quite different nw.
---Well. Things sure change.
A. thatB. whC. whenD. where
2. This is the dictinary _______ Mum gave me fr my birthday.
A. whichB. whatC. whseD. whm
3. Jack, there is smene in the ffice _______ wuld like t speak with yu.
A. whB. whichC. whmD. where
4. We knw Jackie Chan _______ mvies are very ppular with the yung.
A. whseB. thatC. whD. which
5. He must be frm Africa, _________ can be seen frm his skin.
A. thatB. thisC. itD. which
6. ---D yu knw the gentleman __________ is talking t Mr. Wilsn?
---Yes. He’s Wilsn’s friend. They are celebrating his _________ birthday.
A. whm, frtyth B. wh, frtiethC. that; frtyD. which; frtieth
7. Mr. Thmas will never frget the day _________ he spent with the lcal peple.
A. when B. which C. during which D. n which
8. The first huse ______ we visited this mrning is the ne _______ Steven Spielberg was brn.
A. which; whereB. where; whichC. that; in whichD. where; where
9. Can yu lend me the nvel ________ the ther day？
A. that yu talkedB. yu talked abut it
C. which yu talked withD. yu talked abut
10. She is ne f the few girls wh _________ passed the examinatin.
A. wasB. wereC. hasD. have
二、用适当的关系词填空
1. Great changes have taken place since then in the factry _______________ we are wrking.
2. Friends are thse_______________ make yu smile, pen their hearts t yu and encurage yu t succeed.
3. The speaker spke f sme writers and sme bks _______________ were ppular then.
4. Is xygen the nly gas _______________ helps fire burn?
5. He is the nly ne f the three _______________ has gt the new idea.
三、改错
1. I have tw sisters, bth f them are dctrs.
2. My father and Mr. Smith talked abut things and persns wh they remembered in the cuntry.
3. I will never frget the days which we had a gd time tgether at the sea.
4. This is the factry where we visited last week.
This is the mst bring bk which I have ever read.
家庭作业
单选题
1.D yu knw the scientist _______ gave us a talk just nw?
A. whB. whmC. whichD. whse
2.This is the dictinary _______ Mum gave me fr my birthday.
A. whichB. whatC. whseD. whm
3.He is the nly student _______ plays table tennis better than Jim.
A. whyB. whereC. whD. which
4.—D yu knw the girl _______ is standing under the tree?
—She is my little sister.
A. whB. whmC. whseD. which
5.This is the questin _______ we are talking abut nw.
A. thatB. whC. whereD. when
6.—What are yu lking fr?
—I am lking fr the bk _______ I bught yesterday.
A. whB. whichC. whse
7.Jack, there is smene in the ffice _______ wuld like t speak with yu.
A. whB. whichC. whm
8.If a bag is filled with bks and pens, it must belng t smene _______ wrks hard.
A. whichB. /C. whmD. wh
9.Many yung peple prefer the sngs _______ have great lyrics.
A. whichB. whC. whereD. whm
10.Even teachers can’t understand sme expressins _______ their students use in daily life.
A. whseB. whC. thatD. whm
11.Beijing is the 29th city _______ hlds the Olympic Games.
A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what
12.Have yu read the bk _______ I gave yu yesterday?
A. thatB. whenC. WhereD.what
13.The man _______ came t ur party with a present is my ld friend.
A. whenB. whichC. WhatD. wh
14.I like writers _______ write shrt stries.
A. whichB. whatC. whmD. wh
15.—There are many vlunteers _______ are helping the children in Sichuan.
—And mst f them are cllege students.
A. whichB. whenC. whseD. Wh
阅读理解
A
If yu have n special plans fr yur hlidays, why nt spend yur time helping thers？Dn’t believe thse peple wh say that yung peple tday ften think nly f themselves. It’s nt true at all. Mre and mre yung peple in the USA vlunteer t spend their schl hlidays wrking fr thers. And they dn’t d it fr mney. Here are sme f their stries.
Alice Hamiltn, 17
I’m ging t help the Frest Center build new hiking paths (小路) in the muntains (山). It’s ging t be great fun — I’ll spend the whle summer living in a frest and breathing the clean muntain air. I’m ging t sleep under the mn and stars. It will be a nice sprt, and I’ll be able t d smething gd at the same time!
Jasn Mre, 18
This summer, I’m ging t vlunteer with Special Huse Prgram. They build gd, less expensive huses and sell them t families that are nt very rich. They’ll teach me what t d, s I’ll help peple and als have a chance t learn hw t build huses.
Trish Andersn, 16
I’m ging t teach children wh have truble in reading. I’ll wrk fr a prgram called Reading fr Life. Every day, I’m ging t help them chse and read bks that they like. I want t be a teacher, and I lve children and reading, s this is ging t be a great experience fr me.
1. What des the wrd “vlunteer” mean?
A. Help parents d the husewrkB. D smething and make sme mney
C. Learn hw t build new husesD. Offer t d smething, nt fr mney
2. What des Alice plan t d in summer？
A. T sleep under the mn and stars.
B. T breathe the clean muntain air.
C. T help build hiking paths in the muntains.
D. T spend the whle summer living in a frest.
3. The writer’s idea in this passage is ______.
A. Schl students shuld d sme hiking in summer.
B. It’s gd t d smething gd fr thers in vacatin.
C. Helping children t chse and read bks is a gd way.
D. Breathing clean muntain air is gd fr health.
4. Which is the mst pssible title (标题) fr this passage？
A. Reading fr Life B. A Special Huse Prgram
C. The Frest Centre D. Yung American Vlunteers
B
I’m cnfused (困惑)these days. We are taught at hme and at schl that using vilence (暴力) is the least civilized (文明的) way t slve prblems. Fr example, last week I thught abut hitting my friend fr winning a beautiful shell while we were playing at the beach. I talked with him instead and we came t an agreement. If tw adults had a disagreement, and if they used vilence twards each ther in rder t win, is it all right?
When tw cuntries disagree, they ften fight a war. Why is using vilence nt kay at hme, at schl, r in yur cuntry but kay between cuntries? S many peple have been killed because f wars, nt nly sldiers but rdinary peple, even small children and babies. And refugees (难民) exist, t.
A war is a great vilence, like tw peple fighting ver a shell, just much bigger. Adults say they are fighting wars in rder t slve prblems and make peace. But can yu really “make peace” by killing s many peple? I dn’t think bmbs (炸弹) can reach peple’s hearts and change them. Bmbs can’t create lve and caring, and that’s what we need in the wrld. Why d adults use vilence s quickly? Why can’t they use their wisdm (智慧) and talk it ver?
Adults might say that things are nt that easy. But they are the nes that teach us t be kind, nt t hurt peple, and nt t kill. Why dn’t they act as what they say?
—A page frm a 12-tear-ld by, Jshua’s diary.
5. At the beach, Jshua ________.
A. hit his friend B. wn a beautiful shell
C. played with a beautiful shell D. came t an agreement with his friend
6. Jshua hates wars between cuntries because ________.
A. he is afraid f wars B. he desn’t understand adults
C. wars create death and refugees D. wars are nt the nly way t make peace
7. What’s the key t peace in Jshua’s pinin?
A. Lve and care fr each ther. B. Dn’t use vilence s quickly.
C. Stp using bmbs in wars. D. Dn’t hurt r kill peple in wars.
8. Frm the reading we can see Jshua wants adults t ________.
A. learn frm children B. be children’s mdels
C. be kind t children D. teach children hw t slve prblem成分 先行词
代替人
代替物
代替人或物
主语
wh
which
that
宾语
wh(m)
定语
whse
whse
whse
关系代词
代替
成分
例句
wh
人
主/宾
The bys wh are playing ftball are frm Class One.
whm
人
宾
Mr. Liu is the persn (whm) yu talked abut.
We shuldn’t spend ur mney testing s many peple, mst f whm are healthy.（注意：代替人且前有介词时用whm）
which
物
主/宾
(1) Ftball is a game which is liked by mst bys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bught yesterday. (作宾语时可省略)
that
人/物
主/宾
The peple that/wh cme t visit the city are all here.
This is the pen (that)/(which) he bught yesterday.
whse
人/物
定语
He has a friend whse father is a dctr.
I lived in a huse whse rf has fallen in.
情况说明
例句
当先行词是anything, everything, nthing (smething 除外), few, all, nne, little, sme等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, sme, n, little, few, much，each等修饰时
All that can be dne has been dne.
There is little that I can d fr yu.
当先行词被序数词修饰
The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have seen.
当形容词被the very, the nly, the same, the last 修饰时
This is the very gd dictinary that I want t buy.
当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
Can yu remember the scientist and his thery that we have learned?
关系副词
关系副词
被替代的先行词
成分
例句
when
=介词 + which
表示时间的名词
时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came t the schl. (n which)
where
=介词 + which
表示地点的名词
地点状语
The huse where I lived ten years ag has been pulled dwn. (in which)
why
=fr which
只有reasn
原因状语
Please tell me the reasn why yu missed the plane. (fr which)