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湖南省衡阳市第八中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份湖南省衡阳市第八中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题（Word版附解析），文件包含湖南省衡阳市第八中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题Word版含解析docx、湖南省衡阳市第八中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
时量：120分钟 分值：150分
考试范围：必修一Unit 1至选必二Unit 2
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the wman d next?
A. Dry her hair. B. Wash her hair. C. Take a shwer.
2. When will the speakers prbably start sailing tmrrw?
A. In the early mrning. B. Arund nn. C. At midnight.
3. Wh is Nlan prbably?
A. The speakers’ kid. B. The speakers’ teacher. C. The speakers’ audience.
4. What des the man like abut the stre?
A. The selectin. B. The service. C. The prices.
5. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Fruit. B. Sweets. C. Dance.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When was the wman prbably brn?
A. In 1991. B. In 1992. C. In 1993.
7. What music are the speakers listening t nw?
A. Rck music. B. Rap music. C. Pp music.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Hw did the man get t Edinburgh?
A. By bus. B. By car. C. By train.
9. What natinality are the speakers prbably?
A. British B. German. C. American.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why desn’t the wman wrry abut AI art sftware?
A. Her buyers reject AI’s creatins.
B. It prduces lw-quality art wrks.
C. She desn’t wrk in the art industry.
11. Wh is Marissa?
A. A phtgrapher. B. A cartnist. C. An art cllectr.
12. What is the ptential prblem f the AI tls accrding t the speakers?
A. Their csts are increasing. B. They can’t identify mistakes. C. Cmpanies hardly use them.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In a classrm. B. At a gym. C. In a café.
14. What is the man learning t d nw?
A. Create mini landscape scenes. B. Paint his garden. C. Dra w pictures.
15. Hw did the man prbably feel while intrducing his hbby?
A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Prud.
16. Why des the wman supprt the man’s hbby?
A. It relates t his future career.
B. It helps him fit in with friends.
C. It develps traditinal Chinese culture.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题
17. What is the main purpse f the speech?
A. T discuss a prmtin.
B. T cngratulate n retirement.
C. T intrduce the change f leadership.
18. What happened t the cmpany arund 2000?
A. It had a new bss.
B. It was fficially established.
C. It expanded int the glbal market.
19. Hw des the speaker describe Shen Hai’s character?
A Gd-natured and hardwrking.
B. Flexible and understanding.
C. Strict and fair.
20. What is the mst imprtant t the speaker?
A. Envirnmental prtectin. B. The emplyees’ benefits. C. The cmpany’s gals.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Yellwstne Pster Exhibitin t Be n View at UW’s Ce Library
A first-f-its-kind exhibitin that fcuses n the histry f Yellwstne Natinal Park psters will be n display at the University f Wyming’s Ce Library frm Tuesday, February 1.
“Wnderland Illustrated” will present psters and pster-style illustratins f the park spanning mre than a century frm the 1870s thrugh 2022. The exhibitin will be lcated n Level 3 f Ce Library. It will be n view thrugh Friday, May 27.
The exhibitin takes place at the same time as this year’s 150th anniversary f the creatin f Yellwstne Natinal Park. The psters in the exhibitin serve the purpse f bth advertising and art.
“We’re thrilled t be wrking with Yellwstne cllectrs Jack and Susan Davis, and Larry and Thea Lancaster t bring this exhibitin t the University f Wyming as part f year-lng celebratins recgnizing Yellwstne’s 150th anniversary,” says Tamsen Hert, head f UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Cllectins. “This exhibitin invlves the histry f printing, art, phtgraphy and advertising ver 16 decades. The images reprduced are fund n travel brchures, pstcards and maps — many f which are held in ur cllectins.”
One pster frm the exhibitin — Henry Wellge’s “Yellwstne Natinal Park” frm 1904 — was recently purchased with dnated funds and is nw part f UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Cllectins. Wellge, a prductive artist f bird’s-eye views, designed the piece fr the Nrthern Pacific Railrad, which used it t advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as psters such as this ne were printed n sft paper and very few have survived.
1. Hw lng will the exhibitin “Wnderland Illustrated” last?
A. Abut tw weeks.B. Abut fur mnths.
C. Abut three mnths.D. Abut ne year.
2. What is a purpse f the exhibitin?
A. T remember a famus artist.B. T mark the anniversary f a natinal park.
C. T raise funds fr Ce Library.D. T tell the histry f the University f Wyming.
3. What d we knw abut the 1904 pster Henry Wellge designed?
A. It is wned by a prfessr.B. It is in black and white.
C. It is printed n clth.D. It is rare in the wrld.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍了将在怀俄明大学Ce图书馆举办的一场特别的展览，这场展览名为“Wnderland Illustrated”，专注于展示黄石国家公园海报的历史。展览将从2月1日开始，持续到5月27日，以庆祝黄石国家公园成立150周年。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A first-f-its-kind exhibitin that fcuses n the histry f Yellwstne Natinal Park psters will be n display at the University f Wyming’s Ce Library frm Tuesday, February 1. (一个关于黄石国家公园海报历史的首创展览将于2月1日星期二在怀俄明大学Ce图书馆展出)”以及第二段“It will be n view thrugh Friday, May 27.(展览将持续至5月27日，星期五)”可知，展览从2月1日开始，到5月27日结束，大约持续了四个月的时间。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The exhibitin takes place at the same time as this year’s 150th anniversary f the creatin f Yellwstne Natinal Park.(此次展览与今年黄石国家公园建园150周年纪念活动同期举行)”可知，展览的目的是为了纪念黄石国家公园成立150周年。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This is a unique piece, as psters such as this ne were printed n sft paper and very few have survived.(这是一件独一无二的展品，因为这种海报是印在软纸上的，留存下来的很少)”可知，Henry Wellge设计的1904年的海报非常罕见，因为这样的海报是印在软纸上的，而且保存下来的非常少。可推理出这种海报在世界上是罕见的，故选D项。
B
Grwing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, tgether with his family, always celebrated significant ccasins by planting trees, which mtivated him t prtect the envirnment. It’s what the 18-year-ld sccer player treasures, especially since Kenya’s nging prblem-defrestatin.
Lesein fllws in the ftsteps f the late Kenyan Nbel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai wh funded the Green Belt Mvement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting f ver 51 millin trees t date.
In 2018, Lesein decided t start a mvement f his wn. He started by planting ne tree fr every gal he scred during a ftball match. He called it Trees 4 Gals, and when he scres a gal, he plants 11 trees — ne t represent each player n his team. Thrugh this, he wants t inspire yung peple, specifically his fellw athletes, t fllw in his ftsteps, take nature cnservatin seriusly, and prmise t plant trees every time they scre. As a result, sme f them have adapted this practice fr respective sprts. “Seeing that they’re taking that respnsibility because f the prject I started, I think that is the biggest achievement,” he said.
The initiative has caught the attentin f Arsenal Ftball Club and Kenya’s Ministry f Envirnment, Climate Change and Frestry, which he nw wrks with regularly and gets advice frm.
Like the Green Belt Mvement, Trees 4 Gals, which has planted ver 5,500 trees s far, has made it. While Lesein has received sme recgnitin fr his initiative, he sets his sights n making it a wrldwide phenmenn. “Ftball is a universal game, and climate change is a universal prblem,” he explains. “It has the pwer t unite, educate and inspire my generatin t create a safer and greener future.” This is why he wants t wrk with the wrld’s biggest ftball federatin FIFA.
As fr what thers can d t fight defrestatin r ther envirnmental cncerns, Lesein says its imprtant t just get invlved in sme way, n matter hw small.
4. What made Lesein get interested in envirnmental prtectin?
A. His fellw athletes’ encuragement.B. The demands f the ftball team.
C. The influence f his family.D. Wangari Maathai’s cnsiderable assistance.
5. Why did Lesein fund Trees 4 Gals?
A. T set an example fr thers.B. T shw his achievements.
C. T gain Kenya’s supprt.D. T catch Arsenal Ftball Club’s attentin.
6. What is Lesein’s hpe fr the future f Trees 4 Gals?
A. Prmting ftball’s develpment.B. Getting beynd the Green Belt Mvement.
C. Beating climate change cmpletely.D. Ging glbal with the help f FIFA.
7. What can we learn frm Lesein’s stry?
A. Fame is a great thirst f the yung.
B. Psitive thinking and actin result in success.
C. A yuth is t be regarded with respect.
D. Success means getting persnal desires satisfied.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。肯尼亚18岁足球运动员Lesein Mutunkei发起一项运动，旨在激励年轻人关注环保，得到多方支持。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grwing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, tgether with his family, always celebrated significant ccasins by planting trees, which mtivated him t prtect the envirnment. (在肯尼亚长大的Leseir Mutunkei和他的家人总是通过植树来庆祝重要的节日，这促使他保护环境)”可知，Lesein家庭的影响让Lesein对环境保护感兴趣。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Thrugh this, he wants t inspire yung peple, specifically his fellw athletes, t fllw in his ftsteps, take nature cnservatin seriusly, and prmise t plant trees every time they scre. (他希望借此激励年轻人，特别是他的运动员同伴，跟随他的脚步，认真对待自然保护，并承诺每次得分都要植树)”可知，Lesein发起这一运动是为了作出表率来激励他人保护环境，为他人树立榜样。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“While Lesein has received sme recgnitin fr his initiative, he sets his sights n making it a wrldwide phenmenn. (虽然Lesein的倡议得到了一些认可，但他的目标是让它成为一种全球现象)”及“This is why he wants t wrk with the wrld’s biggest ftball federatin FIFA. (这就是为什么他想与世界上最大的足球联盟国际足联合作)”可知，Lesein希望在国际足联的帮助下让这一运动走向全球。故选D。
7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Grwing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, tgether with his family, always celebrated significant ccasins by planting trees, which mtivated him t prtect the envirnment. It’s what the 18-year-ld sccer player treasures, especially since Kenya’s nging prblem-defrestatin. (在肯尼亚长大的Leseir Mutunkei和他的家人总是通过植树来庆祝重要的节日，这促使他保护环境。这是这位18岁的足球运动员所珍惜的，尤其是在肯尼亚持续存在的森林砍伐问题之后)”和第二段“Lesein fllws in the ftsteps f the late Kenyan Nbel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai wh funded the Green Belt Mvement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting f ver 51 millin trees t date. (Mutunkei追随了已故的肯尼亚诺贝尔和平奖得主Wangari Maathai的脚步，后者于1977年创立了绿带运动。迄今为止，这一举措已导致种植了5100多万棵树)”和倒数第三段“The initiative has caught the attentin f Arsenal Ftball Club and Kenya’s Ministry f Envirnment, Climate Change and Frestry, which he nw wrks with regularly and gets advice frm. (这项倡议引起了阿森纳足球俱乐部和肯尼亚环境、气候变化和林业部的注意，他现在经常与他们合作，并从他们那里得到建议)”可知，Lesein从小耳濡目染，很有环保意识，后来受到诺贝尔和平奖的获得者Wangari Maathai发起的“绿带运动”的启发，也发起了一项激励他人保护环境的运动，并取得了成功。他的故事说明：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选B。
C
Fd packaging frm arund the wrld cntains at least 68 “frever chemicals” that can seep int what we eat, a new study finds. And 61 f them are nt even suppsed t be used in such prducts. “It’s nt clear why the latter chemicals, which are nt n lists f thse authrized fr use in fd cntainers, are in such packaging.” says the study’s authr Birgit Geueke.
The study fcused n a class f chemicals called perfluralkyl and plyfluralkyl substances (PFASs), which are smetimes called “frever chemicals” because they dn’t break dwn readily in the envirnment r in the bdy. That’s because their characteristic carbn-flurine bnd is ne f the strngest in nature. Fr decades, these substances have been used in a wide range f cnsumer prducts, frm ckware t pesticides t csmetics, because they are prf against water and grease.
Geueke and her team fund a mismatch between what they detected in actual prducts and a database f PFAS chemicals authrized fr use in fd packaging. Abut 140 PFASs are knwn t be used in fd packaging, but nly seven f the 68 chemicals in the study were n this list. Geueke says it’s unclear hw r why the ther 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and txiclgist at a nnprfit envirnmental advcacy rganizatin, suggests it’s pssible that unknwn impurities emerged during the manufacturing f the authrized chemicals r that the authrized PFASs degrade ver time. This class f chemicals includes many lng-chain mlecules, and they can break int shrter chains that are simply different types f PFASs.
PFASs have been fund in human bld and breast milk, drinking water, sil and ther startling places arund the wrld. Expsure t sme f the mst studied PFASs has been assciated with cancer, reprductive prblems and lessened respnses t vaccines. “There’s an incredible bdy f scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals t health harm,” says Andrews. Many cuntries are evaluating restrictins f PFASs in fd packaging.
Chemical industry representatives have advcated fr dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Befre publishing the new study, Scientific American reached ut t the American Chemistry Cuncil (ACC), a chemistry industry trade assciatin, abut it, but the rganizatin did nt reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage, ACC ntes that “all PFASs are nt the same. Each individual chemical has its wn unique prperties and uses.”
Andrews and Geueke bth say the presence f unknwn PFASs in fd packaging is gd reasn t regulate these chemicals as a single class — a psitin shared with many ther scientific experts and envirnmental prtectin grups. There are mre than 12,000 knwn PFASs, and scientists dn’t knw much abut mst f them. “Only sme PFASs have ever been tested fr txicity,” Geueke says, and “there are prbably ther ways t prduce fd packaging.”
8. What can we learn abut PFASs frm the passage?
A. They are able t resist water and grease.B. They last lng and never break dwn.
C. They cntain the lngest chemical bnd.D. They are mainly used fr fd packaging.
9. What is the main idea f paragraph 3?
A. The ptential usage f the unknwn impurities.
B. The authrizatin f fd packaging chemicals.
C. The likely transfrming prcess frm PFASs int new chemicals.
D. The pssible explanatin fr the presence f unauthrized PFASs.
10. What can we learn frm paragraph 5?
A. Chemical industry has wrked ut ways t use PFASs safely in different prducts.
B. ACC agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs.
C. Scientific American has gt the authritative pwer in dealing with PFASs.
D. ACC supprts testing mre unknwn PFASs fr txicity.
11. Which wuld Geueke prbably agree with?
A. Laws shuld be made t ban the use f PFASs.
B. Fd packaging alternatives shuld be explred.
C. The chemicals in fd packaging shuld be listed.
D. Scientists shuld cntinue discvering new PFASs.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地的食品包装中至少含有68种“永久化学物质”，它们会渗入我们所吃的食物中。一项新的研究发现。其中61种甚至不应该用于此类产品。对此科学家进行了研究。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The study fcused n a class f chemicals called perfluralkyl and plyfluralkyl substances (PFASs), which are smetimes called “frever chemicals” because they dn’t break dwn readily in the envirnment r in the bdy. That’s because their characteristic carbn-flurine bnd is ne f the strngest in nature. Fr decades, these substances have been used in a wide range f cnsumer prducts, frm ckware t pesticides t csmetics, because they are prf against water and grease. (这项研究的重点是一类被称为全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的化学物质，它们有时被称为“永久化学物质”，因为它们在环境或体内不易分解。这是因为它们特有的碳氟键是自然界中最强的键之一。几十年来，这些物质被广泛应用于各种消费品中，从炊具到杀虫剂再到化妆品，因为它们可以防水和防油脂。)”可知，PFASs能抵抗水和油脂。故选A。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Geueke and her team fund a mismatch between what they detected in actual prducts and a database f PFAS chemicals authrized fr use in fd packaging. Abut 140 PFASs are knwn t be used in fd packaging, but nly seven f the 68 chemicals in the study were n this list. Geueke says it’s unclear hw r why the ther 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and txiclgist at a nnprfit envirnmental advcacy rganizatin, suggests it’s pssible that unknwn impurities emerged during the manufacturing f the authrized chemicals r that the authrized PFASs degrade ver time. This class f chemicals includes many lng-chain mlecules, and they can break int shrter chains that are simply different types f PFASs. ( Geueke和她的团队发现，他们在实际产品中检测到的PFAS化学物质与授权用于食品包装的PFAS化学物质数据库不匹配。已知约有140种全氟辛烷化合物用于食品包装，但研究中68种化学物质中只有7种在清单上。Geueke说，目前还不清楚其他61种化学物质是如何或为什么出现的。非营利环保组织的化学家和毒理学家David Andrews认为，可能是在生产授权化学品的过程中出现了未知的杂质，或者是授权的全氟辛醚随着时间的推移而降解。这类化学物质包括许多长链分子，它们可以分解成不同类型的PFASs的短链。)”可知，第3段主要是关于存在未经授权的PFASs的可能解释。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第五段“Chemical industry representatives have advcated fr dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Befre publishing the new study, Scientific American reached ut t the American Chemistry Cuncil (ACC), a chemistry industry trade assciatin, abut it, but the rganizatin did nt reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage, ACC ntes that “all PFASs are nt the same. Each individual chemical has its wn unique prperties and uses.” (化学工业代表主张将全氟辛烷磺酸作为单独的化学品来处理。在发表这项新研究之前，《科学美国人》就此事联系了化学工业贸易协会美国化学理事会（ACC），但该组织没有回复。ACC在其专门的PFAS网页上指出，“并非所有PFAS都相同。每种化学物质都有其独特的性质和用途。”)”可知，ACC没有回应Scientific American的询问，但ACC在其网页上指出“并非所有PFAS都相同。每种化学物质都有其独特的性质和用途。”。这表明ACC同意化学行业代表的观点。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““Only sme PFASs have ever been tested fr txicity,” Geueke says, and “there are prbably ther ways t prduce fd packaging.”Ss have ever been tested fr txicity,” Geueke says, and “there are prbably ther ways t prduce fd packaging.”(Geueke说：“只有一些全氟辛烷磺酸被测试过毒性，可能还有其他生产食品包装的方法。”)”可知，Geueke认同应探索食品包装替代品。故选B。
D
Picture this: Yur cmputer culd sense yur emtins as yu wrked — feeling yur jy at cmpleting a task, yur bredm during repetitive data entry, r yur frustratin when an errr message keeps emerging. This might sund like science fictin, but researchers are bringing this visin clser t reality by develping advanced cmputatinal mdels that can predict human emtins during cmputer interactins.
At the frefrnt f this effrt is a team f Finnish scientists wh have created a mdel. The mdel essentially puts itself in the user’s shes, simulating (模拟) the series f actins, utcmes, and cgnitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise t emtins like happiness, bredm, r frustratin.
T test their mdel, the researchers designed a series f interactive cmputer tasks meant t cause specific emtins. In the “happiness” task, users answered a series f questins and received psitive feedback fr crrect respnses. The “bredm” task invlved a series f repetitive questins. In the “frustratin” task, the system was intentinally prgrammed t display errr messages and ultimately fail, regardless f the user’s answers.
As study participants wrked thrugh these tasks, the emtinal reactins predicted by the mdel clsely matched the emtins reprted by the users themselves. The mdel was even able t discver small changes, such as a steady increase in frustratin ver the curse f the errr-ridden task.
The researchers believe their emtin-predicting mdel culd pave the way fr a new generatin f emtinally intelligent cmputers that can tailr their behavir t the user’s psychlgical state. An effective system might ffer a stressed user cmfrting wrds f encuragement, liven up a bring task with humr, r prvide emtinal assistance when frustratin munts. “By creating interactins that are mre emtinally attuned, designers culd bst user engagement, prductivity, and verall well-being,” they add.
Hwever, the mdel is still in prgress and needs t be extended t recgnize a wider range f emtins acrss mre cmplex, real-wrld cmputer interactins. The researchers als emphasize the imprtance f gathering mre diverse training data t ensure the mdel can accurately predict emtins fr users f all backgrunds.
12. Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the text?
A. By making a cmparisn.B. By creating an imaginary scene.
C. By telling a real life stry.D. By sharing a ppular bk.
13. What were cmputer users asked t d in the study?
A. Cmfrt each ther.B. Reprt their feelings.
C. Get rid f bredm.D. Stay discnnected nline.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Great imprvements n the mdel.B. Characteristics f future cmputer users.
C. Researchers’ expectatin f their mdel.D. Cmputer users’ respnses t the mdel.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Smart Cmputers May Replace Humans
B. Interactins with Cmputers Are Enjyable
C. Cmputers Might Understand Our Emtins
D. An Emtin-predicting Mdel Meets Challenges
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。芬兰科学家设计了能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型。这一模型有望为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Yur cmputer culd sense yur emtins as yu wrked— feeling yur jy at cmpleting a task, yur bredm during repetitive data entry, r yur frustratin when an errr message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”可知，作者通过创造一个想象中的场景来引入文本的主题，即计算机能够感知用户的情绪。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the “happiness” task, users answered a series f questins and received psitive feedback fr crrect respnses. The “bredm” task invlved a series f repetitive questins. In the “frustratin” task, the system was intentinally prgrammed t display errr messages and ultimately fail, regardless f the user’s answers. (在“幸福”任务中，用户回答了一系列问题，并收到了正确答案的积极反馈。“无聊”任务涉及一系列重复的问题。在“挫折”任务中，系统被有意编程为显示错误消息并最终失败，而不管用户的答案如何。) ”可知，参与者在不同任务中被要求回答问题、接受反馈等任务，而这些任务设计的目的是引发特定的情绪，即计算机使用者在研究中需要告知他们的感受。故选B项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“The researchers believe their emtin-predicting mdel culd pave the way fr a new generatin f emtinally intelligent cmputers that can tailr their behavir t the user’s psychlgical state. (研究人员相信，他们的情绪预测模型可以为新一代情绪智能计算机铺平道路，这些计算机可以根据用户的心理状态调整他们的行为。) ”可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员对这个模型的期待——希望它能为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路，而不是模型本身的改进、未来计算机用户的特点或计算机用户对模型的反应。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Yur cmputer culd sense yur emtins as yu wrked— feeling yur jy at cmpleting a task, yur bredm during repetitive data entry, r yur frustratin when an errr message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”和第二段“At the frefrnt f this effrt is a team f Finnish scientists wh have created a mdel. The mdel essentially puts itself in the user’s shes, simulating (模拟) the series f actins, utcmes, and cgnitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise t emtins like happiness, bredm, r frustratin. (这项工作的最前沿是一个芬兰科学家团队，他们创建了一个模型。该模型本质上是设身处地地为用户着想，模拟一系列最终导致幸福、无聊或沮丧等情绪的行为、结果和认知评估。) ”可知，本文主要介绍了芬兰科学家设计的能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型，这说明计算机也许能够理解人类的情绪了。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bare arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. ____16____
There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. ____17____ Think abut a time when yu’ve stubbed yur te. There desn’t seem t be a delay between hitting yur te and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time.
____18____ If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal.
On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. ____19____ S his brain perceived pain t match the experience.
Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. ____20____ Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival!
A. Pain is nt fun t feel.
B. Pain is a respnse t a stimulus.
C. Our brains use sensry infrmatin t interpret the pain that we feel.
D. Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling it is necessary fr human survival.
E. All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive.
F. It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng.
G. Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm.
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. D 19. G 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。
【16题详解】
由上文“Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bar e arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. (想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。)”可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F“It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng (这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题)”承接了上文的“警告系统”，符合题意。故选F。
【17题详解】
由上文“There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. (我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为“伤害感受器”。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E“All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive (所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度)”解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
【18题详解】
由下文“If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal. (如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。)”可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D“Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary fr human survival (尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的)”既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。
【19题详解】
由上文“On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. (另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里)”可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G“Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm (然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉)”很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【20题详解】
由上文“Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. (没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。)”和下文“Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival! (然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！)”可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A“Pain is nt fun t feel (感受疼痛并不有趣)”自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并于下文构成转折，符合题意。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Everyne in business has been tld that success is all abut attracting and retaining (留住) custmers. It sunds simple and achievable. But,___21___, wrds f wisdm are sn frgtten. Once cmpanies have attracted custmers they ften___22___the secnd half f the stry. In the excitement f beating ff the cmpetitin, negtiating prices, securing rders, and delivering the prduct, managers tend t becme carried away. They frget what they regard as the bring side f business—___23___that the custmer remains a custmer.___24___t cncentrate n retaining as well as attracting custmers csts business huge amunts f mney annually. It has been estimated that the average cmpany lses between 10 and 30 per cent f its custmers every years. In cnstantly changing___25___, this is nt surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few cmpanies have any idea hw many custmers they have lst.
Only nw are rganizatins beginning t wake up t thse lst pprtunities and calculate the___26___implicatins. Cutting dwn the number f custmers a cmpany lses can make a big___27___in its perfrmance. Research in the US fund that a five per cent decrease in the number f defecting (流失的) custmers led t___28___increases f between 25 and 85 per cent.
In the US, Dmin’s Pizza estimates that a regular custmer is wrth mre than $5,000 ver ten years. A custmer wh receives a pr quality prduct r service n their first visit and___29___never returns, is lsing the cmpany thusands f dllars in_____30_____prfits (mre if yu cnsider hw many peple they are likely t tell abut their bad experience).
The lgic behind cultivating custmer_____31_____is impssible t deny. “In practice mst cmpanies’ marketing effrt is fcused n getting custmers, with little attentin paid t_____32_____them”, says Adrian Payne f Crnfield University’ Schl f Management. “Research suggests that there is a clse relatinship between retaining custmers and making prfits._____33_____custmers tend t buy mre, are predictable and usually cst less t service than new custmers. Furthermre, they tend t be less price_____34_____, and may prvide free wrd-f-muth advertising. Retaining custmers als makes it_____35_____fr cmpetitrs t enter a market r increase their share f a market.
21 A. in particularB. in realityC. at leastD. first f all
22. A. emphasizeB. dubtC. verlkD. believe
23. A. denyingB. ensuringC. arguingD. prving
24. A. MvingB. HpingC. StartingD. Failing
25. A. marketsB. tastesC. pricesD. expenses
26. A. cultureB. scialC. financialD. ecnmical
27. A. prmiseB. planC. mistakeD. difference
28. A. cstB. pprtunityC. prfitD. budget
29. A. as a resultB. n the whleC. in cnclusinD. n the cntrary
30. A. hugeB. ptentialC. extraD. reasnable
31. A. beliefsB. lyaltyC. habitsD. interest
32. A. alteringB. understandingC. keepingD. attracting
33. A. AssumedB. RespectedC. EstablishedD. Unexpected
34. A. agreeableB. flexibleC. friendlyD. sensitive
35. A. unfairB. difficultC. essentialD. cnvenient
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了很多公司把很多精力放在了吸引顾客的方面，而很少去关注如何留住老顾客，并说明留住老顾客的重要性。
【21题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：但事实上，智慧的话语很快就会被遗忘。A. in particular特别地；B. in reality事实上；C. at least至少；D. first f all首先。根据上文“It sunds simple and achievable. But”可知，此处表示事实上这并不那么简单。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司一旦吸引了顾客，他们常常忽略故事的另一部分。A. emphasize强调；B. dubt怀疑；C. verlk忽略；D. believe相信。根据下文“the secnd half f the stry”以及“They frget what they regard as the bring side f business— ___3___ that the custmer remains a custmer.”可知，在成功吸引顾客之后，公司常常会忽略另一部分。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们忘记了他们认为业务中令人厌烦的一面——确保顾客仍然是顾客。A. denying拒绝；B. ensuring确保；C. arguing争吵；D. prving 证明。根据下文“that the custmer remains a custmer.”可知，此处表示确保顾客不会流失，顾客仍然是顾客。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：未能像吸引顾客那样留住顾客每年都会使企业花费巨额成本。A. Mving移动；B. Hping希望；C. Starting开始；D. Failing未能。根据下文“csts business huge amunts f mney annually.”可知，此处表示未能像吸引顾客那样留住顾客，fail t d sth.表示“未能做某事”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在持续变化的市场中，这并不令人吃惊。A. markets市场；B. tastes味道；C. prices价格；D. expenses花费。根据上文“It has been estimated that the average cmpany lses between 10 and 30 per cent f its custmers every years.”以及常识可知，此处表示公司所处的持续变化的市场。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到现在，组织才开始意识到那些失去的机会，并计算其对财务的影响。A. culture文化的；B. scial社会的；C. financial财务的；D. ecnmical经济的。根据下文“Research in the US fund that a five per cent decrease in the number f defecting custmers led t ___8___ increases f between 25 and 85 per cent.”可知，组织意识到失去的机会对于财务的影响。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：减少一个公司失去的顾客数量会对它的业绩产生重大影响。A. prmise承诺；B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. difference区别。根据上文“Cutting dwn the number f custmers a cmpany lses”可知，减少失去的顾客数量会对公司业绩产生重大影响，make a difference表示“有影响”，符合语境。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国的研究发现，流失的顾客数量减少5%，会导致预算增加25%至85%。A. cst费用；B. pprtunity机会；C. prfit利润；D. budget预算。根据下文“____13____ custmers tend t buy mre, are predictable and usually cst less t service than new custmers.”可知，原有顾客的服务成本更低，所以顾客流失会导致预算增加。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个顾客在第一次访问时收到了质量较差的产品或服务，结果再也没有回来，这将使公司损失数千美元的潜在利润（如果你考虑到他们可能会告诉多少人他们的糟糕经历，这会更多）。A. as a result结果；B. n the whle总体来讲；C. in cnclusin总之；D. n the cntrary相反。根据上文“A custmer wh receives a pr quality prduct r service n their first visit”可知，此处表示结果是顾客再也不会回来。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个顾客在第一次访问时收到了质量较差的产品或服务，结果再也没有回来，这将使公司损失数千美元的潜在利润（如果你考虑到他们可能会告诉多少人他们的糟糕经历，这会更多）。A. huge巨大的；B. ptential潜在的；C. extra额外的；D. reasnable合情合理的。根据下文“mre if yu cnsider hw many peple they are likely t tell abut their bad experience”以及常识可知，此处表示公司会失去潜在的顾客，损失潜在的利润。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养顾客忠诚度背后的逻辑是不可否认的。A. beliefs相信；B. lyalty忠诚；C. habits习惯；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“Research suggests that there is a clse relatinship between retaining custmers and making prfits.”可知，此处表示留住顾客，培养顾客的忠诚度。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，大多数公司的营销努力都集中在吸引顾客上，而很少注意到如何留住顾客。A. altering改变；B. understanding理解；C. keeping留下；D. attracting吸引。根据上文“mst cmpanies’ marketing effrt is fcused n getting custmers, with little attentin paid t”可知，公司会努力吸引顾客，但是很少注意到如何留住顾客。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与新顾客相比，老顾客倾向于购买更多、可预测且通常服务成本更低。A. Assumed假定的；B. Respected受尊重的；C. Established已建立的；D. Unexpected意想不到的。根据下文“than new custmers”可知，此处表示已经建立的顾客，即老顾客。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们往往对价格不太敏感，可能会提供免费的口碑广告。A. agreeable一致的；B. flexible灵活的；C. friendly友好的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据上文“____13____ custmers tend t buy mre, are predictable and usually cst less t service than new custmers. Furthermre, they tend t be less price”可知，此处介绍老顾客的优势，他们对价格敏感度不高。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：留住顾客也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。A. unfair不公平的；B. difficult困难的；C. essential重要的；D. cnvenient方便的。根据下文“fr cmpetitrs t enter a market r increase their share f a market.”以及语境可知，此处表示留住顾客会使得竞争对手进入市场增加市场份额很困难。故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Third Hunan Turism Develpment Cnference, ____36____ (hld) in Hengyang frm Friday t Sunday, exemplified the prvince’s dedicatin t elevate its turism industry t a new ____37____ (high). The cnference featured 499 culture and turism prjects launched with ____38____ investment f mre than 357.5 billin yuan. These prjects cvered areas such as lw-altitude flights, high-quality accmmdatin, and industrial turism.
Shen Xiaming Party chief f Hunan, pened the cnference ____39____ Saturday night, ____40____ (say) that the prvince has seen rapid develpment in recent years. T leverage the strength f the prvince, the cnference is actively advertising the high-quality develpment f the turism industry. It wants t launch mre distinctive culture and turism prducts, ____41____ (rich) the turism industrial chain, increase turism’s added value, ____42____ create favrable cnditins fr turism enterprises t invest and d business in the prvince. Ma Weiming, gvernr f Hunan, said Hengyang ____43____ (build) a brand-new image befre hlding the cnference. The city has been revitalizing its ld streets and industrial areas t create new cultural turism scenes, such as the Baweili prject, which has becme a key spt fr leisure and entertainment. Additinally, Hengyang is als knwn fr the Shigu Academy, ne f the fur well-knwn Chinese academies, ____44____ visitrs can enjy ancient buildings and academic culture.
Hunan will make the mst effrts t imprve the travel experience and upgrade the image f ____45____ (it) turism industry t make the prvince a ht turism destinatin.
【答案】36. held
37. height 38. an
39. n 40. saying
41. enrich 42. and
43. had built
44. where 45. its
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁是新闻报道。文章报道了第三届湖南旅游发展大会的相关信息，包括会议的时间、地点、主要内容和目标，以及湖南省领导的讲话和对未来的展望。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：第三届湖南旅游发展大会于周五至周日在衡阳举行，体现了湖南省提升旅游业的决心。本句谓语为exemplified，此处为非谓语动词，且The Third Hunan Turism Develpment Cnference与hld“举行”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：第三届湖南旅游发展大会于周五至周日在衡阳举行，体现了湖南省提升旅游业的决心。本空用名词height“高度”，作介词t的宾语。故填height。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：大会推出了499个文化和旅游项目，一项超过3575亿元的总投资。此处泛指“一项投资”，且investment以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：湖南省委书记沈晓明在周六晚开幕式上表示，近年来湖南省发展迅速。表示在具体某一天的晚上，用介词n。故填n。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：湖南省委书记沈晓明在周六晚开幕式上表示，近年来湖南省发展迅速。本句谓语为pened，此处为非谓语动词，且Shen Xiaming与say“说”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填saying。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：大会希望推出更多特色文化旅游产品，丰富旅游产业链，提高旅游业附加值，为旅游企业在省内投资和经营创造有利条件。本句谓语为wants，此处为非谓语动词。enrich“丰富”，本空用省略t的不定式，与t launch并列，作宾语。故填enrich。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：大会希望推出更多特色文化旅游产品，丰富旅游产业链，提高旅游业附加值，为旅游企业在省内投资和经营创造有利条件。the turism industrial chain, increase turism’s added value和create favrable cnditins fr turism enterprises t invest and d business in the prvince为并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：湖南省省长毛伟明表示，衡阳在举办大会前打造了全新的形象。本空为said后宾语从句的谓语，且build“创建”发生在said之前，从句时态用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。故填had built。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：此外，衡阳还以石鼓书院而闻名，石鼓书院是中国四大著名书院之一，游客可以在这里欣赏古建筑和学术文化。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Shigu Academy，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意：湖南省将尽最大努力改善旅游体验，提升旅游业的形象，使该省成为热门旅游目的地。本空用its，表示“它的”，作前置定语，修饰名词turism industry。故填its。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，是一名高中生，你注意到学校很多学生不重视大课间跑操。请你写一封倡议书，鼓励同学们认真对待大课间跑操。需要囊括以下几个内容：
1. 倡议的原因2. 跑操的好处3. 呼吁大家积极参加体育锻炼
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
参考词汇：大课间跑操：jgging exercise
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear fellw students,
As a high schl student, I have nticed that many f us are neglecting the imprtance f ur jgging exercise during the lng break. Therefre, I sincerely encurage all students t take it seriusly.
Regular jgging nt nly strengthens ur bdy but als helps relieve stress, enhances cncentratin, and bsts teamwrk spirit. It is a precius pprtunity t keep fit and cultivate perseverance. Let’s all take active participatin in this exercise, as staying healthy is fundamental t ur success. Remember, a healthy mind resides in a healthy bdy. Tgether, let’s embrace this beneficial activity.
Let’s start tday!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达为倡议书，李华作为高中生，注意到许多学生对大课间跑操不重视，需写信鼓励同学们重视。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
重视某事：take sth. seriusly → value sth.
解压：relieve stress → reduce stress
珍贵的：precius → prized/valuable
机会：pprtunity → chance
2. 句式拓展：
简单句变复合句
原句：Regular jgging nt nly strengthens ur bdy but als helps relieve stress.
拓展句：Regular jgging nt nly strengthens ur bdy but als acts as a methd, which helps us relieve stress.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As a high schl student, I have nticed that many f us are neglecting the imprtance f ur jgging exercise during the lng break. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Let’s all take active participatin in this exercise, as staying healthy is fundamental t ur success. (运用了as引导原因状语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下而材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a single mther, I’ve never dubted my daughter Jane’s dream t be a singer n the stage. At an early age, she was crazy abut singing. Whenever she had a chance, she wuld sing t her heart’s cntent. Her sweet and charming vice tended t get peple arund attracted t her sngs.
Living in a small city, I tk several dd jbs, determined t d everything in my pwer t supprt her. Sn after Jane attended schl, her music teacher Mary nticed her talent by chance and vlunteered t give her sme guidance n hw t sing. Jane practiced s hard that befre lng she made great prgress in singing.
Unfrtunately, ne nn a year later, Jane was crssing the street when a careless driver kncked her dwn. She was rushed t hspital. When I hurried there, the dctr tld me that my daughter wuld prbably nt stand n her wn feet. I frze with shck, feeling as if I had been thrwn int a dark wrld. Weak and dizzy, I was abut t fall t the grund when smene tk hld f me.
It was Mary, wh gt the news and raced here. She cmfrted me, saying firmly, “Grace, Jane needs yu. Yu must stay calm and strng.” I ndded. Having calmed dwn, I entered the ward with Mary.
That night, Jane recvered her cnsciusness (知觉) and pened her eyes. Hlding her hand, I said, “My dear, everything wuld be fine.” Mary cmfrted her gently, “I knw yu are a strng girl, Jane. Dn’t wrry. We’ll be standing by yu.” I was heartbrken t see tears streaming dwn Jane’s cheeks.
After tw mnths, we returned hme frm hspital. Her teachers and friends frequently visited her. Jane eventually accepted the fact that she wuld have t get arund in a wheelchair. Never did she refer t the subject f singing again. I knew she was a nice and understanding girl, wh was afraid that talking abut her riginal dream wuld upset the tw f us.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, hwever, Mary came with gd news.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When the hst annunced it was Jane’s turn, she was wheeled nt the stage.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 One day, hwever, Mary came with gd news. She tld Jane the schl music festival was t be held the next mnth and that her classmates all expected her t sing n behalf f her class. Jane’s eyes sparkled but respnded dubtfully, “Can ” Mary and I immediately assured her that she culd make it. In the fllwing mnth, with the help f Mary, Jane kept n practicing singing. Beautiful sngs eched in ur huse again and smiles began t appear n her face. Finally the big day came when she culd present herself.
When the hst annunced it was Jane’s turn, she was wheeled nt the stage. Jane was greeted with warm applause. As she began t sing, the audience gt absrbed in her beautiful vice. Secnds after her perfrmance, all the audience rse with thunderus cheers. When wheeled ff stage, Jane received praise and bunches f flwers frm her teachers and classmates. Jane was mved t tears. The kindness and encuragement frm her teachers and classmates stimulated Jane’s enthusiasm fr life, making her regain cnfidence in pursuing her riginal dream, which I will supprt whleheartedly.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的女儿简梦想成为歌手，在她的音乐老师玛丽的帮助下，简为了她的梦想努力取得进步。突然有一天，简遭遇了车祸，以后都不能自己站起来了，必须坐轮椅四处走动，简再也没有提过唱歌的话题。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然而，有一天，玛丽带来了好消息。”可知，第一段可描写玛丽告诉简希望她代表班级唱歌，简在玛丽的帮助下继续练习，终于可以展示自己了。
②由第二段首句内容“当主持人宣布轮到简时，她被推上了舞台。”可知，第二段可描写简的歌声得到了老师和同学们的赞扬，简重新找回了最初追求梦想的信心。
2.续写线索：好消息——简怀疑自己——练习唱歌——开始表演——得到赞扬——找到信心
3.词汇激活
行为类
①希望：expect/hpe/wish
②回答：respnd/reply/answer
③保证：assure/guarantee/ensure
情绪类
①眼睛闪闪发光：eyes sparkle/eyes glitter
②感动：mve/tuch
【点睛】[高分句型1]As she began t sing, the audience gt absrbed in her beautiful vice.（由连接词as引导时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]The kindness and encuragement frm her teachers and classmates stimulated Jane’s enthusiasm fr life, making her regain cnfidence in pursuing her riginal dream, which I will supprt whleheartedly.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）
时量：120分钟 分值：150分
考试范围：必修一Unit 1至选必二Unit 2
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the wman d next?
A. Dry her hair. B. Wash her hair. C. Take a shwer.
2. When will the speakers prbably start sailing tmrrw?
A. In the early mrning. B. Arund nn. C. At midnight.
3. Wh is Nlan prbably?
A. The speakers’ kid. B. The speakers’ teacher. C. The speakers’ audience.
4. What des the man like abut the stre?
A. The selectin. B. The service. C. The prices.
5. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Fruit. B. Sweets. C. Dance.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When was the wman prbably brn?
A. In 1991. B. In 1992. C. In 1993.
7. What music are the speakers listening t nw?
A. Rck music. B. Rap music. C. Pp music.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Hw did the man get t Edinburgh?
A. By bus. B. By car. C. By train.
9. What natinality are the speakers prbably?
A. British B. German. C. American.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why desn’t the wman wrry abut AI art sftware?
A. Her buyers reject AI’s creatins.
B. It prduces lw-quality art wrks.
C. She desn’t wrk in the art industry.
11. Wh is Marissa?
A. A phtgrapher. B. A cartnist. C. An art cllectr.
12. What is the ptential prblem f the AI tls accrding t the speakers?
A. Their csts are increasing. B. They can’t identify mistakes. C. Cmpanies hardly use them.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In a classrm. B. At a gym. C. In a café.
14. What is the man learning t d nw?
A. Create mini landscape scenes. B. Paint his garden. C. Dra w pictures.
15. Hw did the man prbably feel while intrducing his hbby?
A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Prud.
16. Why des the wman supprt the man’s hbby?
A. It relates t his future career.
B. It helps him fit in with friends.
C. It develps traditinal Chinese culture.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题
17. What is the main purpse f the speech?
A. T discuss a prmtin.
B. T cngratulate n retirement.
C. T intrduce the change f leadership.
18. What happened t the cmpany arund 2000?
A. It had a new bss.
B. It was fficially established.
C. It expanded int the glbal market.
19. Hw des the speaker describe Shen Hai’s character?
A Gd-natured and hardwrking.
B. Flexible and understanding.
C. Strict and fair.
20. What is the mst imprtant t the speaker?
A. Envirnmental prtectin. B. The emplyees’ benefits. C. The cmpany’s gals.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Yellwstne Pster Exhibitin t Be n View at UW’s Ce Library
A first-f-its-kind exhibitin that fcuses n the histry f Yellwstne Natinal Park psters will be n display at the University f Wyming’s Ce Library frm Tuesday, February 1.
“Wnderland Illustrated” will present psters and pster-style illustratins f the park spanning mre than a century frm the 1870s thrugh 2022. The exhibitin will be lcated n Level 3 f Ce Library. It will be n view thrugh Friday, May 27.
The exhibitin takes place at the same time as this year’s 150th anniversary f the creatin f Yellwstne Natinal Park. The psters in the exhibitin serve the purpse f bth advertising and art.
“We’re thrilled t be wrking with Yellwstne cllectrs Jack and Susan Davis, and Larry and Thea Lancaster t bring this exhibitin t the University f Wyming as part f year-lng celebratins recgnizing Yellwstne’s 150th anniversary,” says Tamsen Hert, head f UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Cllectins. “This exhibitin invlves the histry f printing, art, phtgraphy and advertising ver 16 decades. The images reprduced are fund n travel brchures, pstcards and maps — many f which are held in ur cllectins.”
One pster frm the exhibitin — Henry Wellge’s “Yellwstne Natinal Park” frm 1904 — was recently purchased with dnated funds and is nw part f UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Cllectins. Wellge, a prductive artist f bird’s-eye views, designed the piece fr the Nrthern Pacific Railrad, which used it t advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as psters such as this ne were printed n sft paper and very few have survived.
1. Hw lng will the exhibitin “Wnderland Illustrated” last?
A. Abut tw weeks.B. Abut fur mnths.
C. Abut three mnths.D. Abut ne year.
2. What is a purpse f the exhibitin?
A. T remember a famus artist.B. T mark the anniversary f a natinal park.
C. T raise funds fr Ce Library.D. T tell the histry f the University f Wyming.
3. What d we knw abut the 1904 pster Henry Wellge designed?
A. It is wned by a prfessr.B. It is in black and white.
C. It is printed n clth.D. It is rare in the wrld.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍了将在怀俄明大学Ce图书馆举办的一场特别的展览，这场展览名为“Wnderland Illustrated”，专注于展示黄石国家公园海报的历史。展览将从2月1日开始，持续到5月27日，以庆祝黄石国家公园成立150周年。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A first-f-its-kind exhibitin that fcuses n the histry f Yellwstne Natinal Park psters will be n display at the University f Wyming’s Ce Library frm Tuesday, February 1. (一个关于黄石国家公园海报历史的首创展览将于2月1日星期二在怀俄明大学Ce图书馆展出)”以及第二段“It will be n view thrugh Friday, May 27.(展览将持续至5月27日，星期五)”可知，展览从2月1日开始，到5月27日结束，大约持续了四个月的时间。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The exhibitin takes place at the same time as this year’s 150th anniversary f the creatin f Yellwstne Natinal Park.(此次展览与今年黄石国家公园建园150周年纪念活动同期举行)”可知，展览的目的是为了纪念黄石国家公园成立150周年。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This is a unique piece, as psters such as this ne were printed n sft paper and very few have survived.(这是一件独一无二的展品，因为这种海报是印在软纸上的，留存下来的很少)”可知，Henry Wellge设计的1904年的海报非常罕见，因为这样的海报是印在软纸上的，而且保存下来的非常少。可推理出这种海报在世界上是罕见的，故选D项。
B
Grwing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, tgether with his family, always celebrated significant ccasins by planting trees, which mtivated him t prtect the envirnment. It’s what the 18-year-ld sccer player treasures, especially since Kenya’s nging prblem-defrestatin.
Lesein fllws in the ftsteps f the late Kenyan Nbel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai wh funded the Green Belt Mvement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting f ver 51 millin trees t date.
In 2018, Lesein decided t start a mvement f his wn. He started by planting ne tree fr every gal he scred during a ftball match. He called it Trees 4 Gals, and when he scres a gal, he plants 11 trees — ne t represent each player n his team. Thrugh this, he wants t inspire yung peple, specifically his fellw athletes, t fllw in his ftsteps, take nature cnservatin seriusly, and prmise t plant trees every time they scre. As a result, sme f them have adapted this practice fr respective sprts. “Seeing that they’re taking that respnsibility because f the prject I started, I think that is the biggest achievement,” he said.
The initiative has caught the attentin f Arsenal Ftball Club and Kenya’s Ministry f Envirnment, Climate Change and Frestry, which he nw wrks with regularly and gets advice frm.
Like the Green Belt Mvement, Trees 4 Gals, which has planted ver 5,500 trees s far, has made it. While Lesein has received sme recgnitin fr his initiative, he sets his sights n making it a wrldwide phenmenn. “Ftball is a universal game, and climate change is a universal prblem,” he explains. “It has the pwer t unite, educate and inspire my generatin t create a safer and greener future.” This is why he wants t wrk with the wrld’s biggest ftball federatin FIFA.
As fr what thers can d t fight defrestatin r ther envirnmental cncerns, Lesein says its imprtant t just get invlved in sme way, n matter hw small.
4. What made Lesein get interested in envirnmental prtectin?
A. His fellw athletes’ encuragement.B. The demands f the ftball team.
C. The influence f his family.D. Wangari Maathai’s cnsiderable assistance.
5. Why did Lesein fund Trees 4 Gals?
A. T set an example fr thers.B. T shw his achievements.
C. T gain Kenya’s supprt.D. T catch Arsenal Ftball Club’s attentin.
6. What is Lesein’s hpe fr the future f Trees 4 Gals?
A. Prmting ftball’s develpment.B. Getting beynd the Green Belt Mvement.
C. Beating climate change cmpletely.D. Ging glbal with the help f FIFA.
7. What can we learn frm Lesein’s stry?
A. Fame is a great thirst f the yung.
B. Psitive thinking and actin result in success.
C. A yuth is t be regarded with respect.
D. Success means getting persnal desires satisfied.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。肯尼亚18岁足球运动员Lesein Mutunkei发起一项运动，旨在激励年轻人关注环保，得到多方支持。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grwing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, tgether with his family, always celebrated significant ccasins by planting trees, which mtivated him t prtect the envirnment. (在肯尼亚长大的Leseir Mutunkei和他的家人总是通过植树来庆祝重要的节日，这促使他保护环境)”可知，Lesein家庭的影响让Lesein对环境保护感兴趣。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Thrugh this, he wants t inspire yung peple, specifically his fellw athletes, t fllw in his ftsteps, take nature cnservatin seriusly, and prmise t plant trees every time they scre. (他希望借此激励年轻人，特别是他的运动员同伴，跟随他的脚步，认真对待自然保护，并承诺每次得分都要植树)”可知，Lesein发起这一运动是为了作出表率来激励他人保护环境，为他人树立榜样。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“While Lesein has received sme recgnitin fr his initiative, he sets his sights n making it a wrldwide phenmenn. (虽然Lesein的倡议得到了一些认可，但他的目标是让它成为一种全球现象)”及“This is why he wants t wrk with the wrld’s biggest ftball federatin FIFA. (这就是为什么他想与世界上最大的足球联盟国际足联合作)”可知，Lesein希望在国际足联的帮助下让这一运动走向全球。故选D。
7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Grwing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, tgether with his family, always celebrated significant ccasins by planting trees, which mtivated him t prtect the envirnment. It’s what the 18-year-ld sccer player treasures, especially since Kenya’s nging prblem-defrestatin. (在肯尼亚长大的Leseir Mutunkei和他的家人总是通过植树来庆祝重要的节日，这促使他保护环境。这是这位18岁的足球运动员所珍惜的，尤其是在肯尼亚持续存在的森林砍伐问题之后)”和第二段“Lesein fllws in the ftsteps f the late Kenyan Nbel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai wh funded the Green Belt Mvement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting f ver 51 millin trees t date. (Mutunkei追随了已故的肯尼亚诺贝尔和平奖得主Wangari Maathai的脚步，后者于1977年创立了绿带运动。迄今为止，这一举措已导致种植了5100多万棵树)”和倒数第三段“The initiative has caught the attentin f Arsenal Ftball Club and Kenya’s Ministry f Envirnment, Climate Change and Frestry, which he nw wrks with regularly and gets advice frm. (这项倡议引起了阿森纳足球俱乐部和肯尼亚环境、气候变化和林业部的注意，他现在经常与他们合作，并从他们那里得到建议)”可知，Lesein从小耳濡目染，很有环保意识，后来受到诺贝尔和平奖的获得者Wangari Maathai发起的“绿带运动”的启发，也发起了一项激励他人保护环境的运动，并取得了成功。他的故事说明：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选B。
C
Fd packaging frm arund the wrld cntains at least 68 “frever chemicals” that can seep int what we eat, a new study finds. And 61 f them are nt even suppsed t be used in such prducts. “It’s nt clear why the latter chemicals, which are nt n lists f thse authrized fr use in fd cntainers, are in such packaging.” says the study’s authr Birgit Geueke.
The study fcused n a class f chemicals called perfluralkyl and plyfluralkyl substances (PFASs), which are smetimes called “frever chemicals” because they dn’t break dwn readily in the envirnment r in the bdy. That’s because their characteristic carbn-flurine bnd is ne f the strngest in nature. Fr decades, these substances have been used in a wide range f cnsumer prducts, frm ckware t pesticides t csmetics, because they are prf against water and grease.
Geueke and her team fund a mismatch between what they detected in actual prducts and a database f PFAS chemicals authrized fr use in fd packaging. Abut 140 PFASs are knwn t be used in fd packaging, but nly seven f the 68 chemicals in the study were n this list. Geueke says it’s unclear hw r why the ther 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and txiclgist at a nnprfit envirnmental advcacy rganizatin, suggests it’s pssible that unknwn impurities emerged during the manufacturing f the authrized chemicals r that the authrized PFASs degrade ver time. This class f chemicals includes many lng-chain mlecules, and they can break int shrter chains that are simply different types f PFASs.
PFASs have been fund in human bld and breast milk, drinking water, sil and ther startling places arund the wrld. Expsure t sme f the mst studied PFASs has been assciated with cancer, reprductive prblems and lessened respnses t vaccines. “There’s an incredible bdy f scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals t health harm,” says Andrews. Many cuntries are evaluating restrictins f PFASs in fd packaging.
Chemical industry representatives have advcated fr dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Befre publishing the new study, Scientific American reached ut t the American Chemistry Cuncil (ACC), a chemistry industry trade assciatin, abut it, but the rganizatin did nt reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage, ACC ntes that “all PFASs are nt the same. Each individual chemical has its wn unique prperties and uses.”
Andrews and Geueke bth say the presence f unknwn PFASs in fd packaging is gd reasn t regulate these chemicals as a single class — a psitin shared with many ther scientific experts and envirnmental prtectin grups. There are mre than 12,000 knwn PFASs, and scientists dn’t knw much abut mst f them. “Only sme PFASs have ever been tested fr txicity,” Geueke says, and “there are prbably ther ways t prduce fd packaging.”
8. What can we learn abut PFASs frm the passage?
A. They are able t resist water and grease.B. They last lng and never break dwn.
C. They cntain the lngest chemical bnd.D. They are mainly used fr fd packaging.
9. What is the main idea f paragraph 3?
A. The ptential usage f the unknwn impurities.
B. The authrizatin f fd packaging chemicals.
C. The likely transfrming prcess frm PFASs int new chemicals.
D. The pssible explanatin fr the presence f unauthrized PFASs.
10. What can we learn frm paragraph 5?
A. Chemical industry has wrked ut ways t use PFASs safely in different prducts.
B. ACC agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs.
C. Scientific American has gt the authritative pwer in dealing with PFASs.
D. ACC supprts testing mre unknwn PFASs fr txicity.
11. Which wuld Geueke prbably agree with?
A. Laws shuld be made t ban the use f PFASs.
B. Fd packaging alternatives shuld be explred.
C. The chemicals in fd packaging shuld be listed.
D. Scientists shuld cntinue discvering new PFASs.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地的食品包装中至少含有68种“永久化学物质”，它们会渗入我们所吃的食物中。一项新的研究发现。其中61种甚至不应该用于此类产品。对此科学家进行了研究。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The study fcused n a class f chemicals called perfluralkyl and plyfluralkyl substances (PFASs), which are smetimes called “frever chemicals” because they dn’t break dwn readily in the envirnment r in the bdy. That’s because their characteristic carbn-flurine bnd is ne f the strngest in nature. Fr decades, these substances have been used in a wide range f cnsumer prducts, frm ckware t pesticides t csmetics, because they are prf against water and grease. (这项研究的重点是一类被称为全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的化学物质，它们有时被称为“永久化学物质”，因为它们在环境或体内不易分解。这是因为它们特有的碳氟键是自然界中最强的键之一。几十年来，这些物质被广泛应用于各种消费品中，从炊具到杀虫剂再到化妆品，因为它们可以防水和防油脂。)”可知，PFASs能抵抗水和油脂。故选A。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Geueke and her team fund a mismatch between what they detected in actual prducts and a database f PFAS chemicals authrized fr use in fd packaging. Abut 140 PFASs are knwn t be used in fd packaging, but nly seven f the 68 chemicals in the study were n this list. Geueke says it’s unclear hw r why the ther 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and txiclgist at a nnprfit envirnmental advcacy rganizatin, suggests it’s pssible that unknwn impurities emerged during the manufacturing f the authrized chemicals r that the authrized PFASs degrade ver time. This class f chemicals includes many lng-chain mlecules, and they can break int shrter chains that are simply different types f PFASs. ( Geueke和她的团队发现，他们在实际产品中检测到的PFAS化学物质与授权用于食品包装的PFAS化学物质数据库不匹配。已知约有140种全氟辛烷化合物用于食品包装，但研究中68种化学物质中只有7种在清单上。Geueke说，目前还不清楚其他61种化学物质是如何或为什么出现的。非营利环保组织的化学家和毒理学家David Andrews认为，可能是在生产授权化学品的过程中出现了未知的杂质，或者是授权的全氟辛醚随着时间的推移而降解。这类化学物质包括许多长链分子，它们可以分解成不同类型的PFASs的短链。)”可知，第3段主要是关于存在未经授权的PFASs的可能解释。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第五段“Chemical industry representatives have advcated fr dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Befre publishing the new study, Scientific American reached ut t the American Chemistry Cuncil (ACC), a chemistry industry trade assciatin, abut it, but the rganizatin did nt reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage, ACC ntes that “all PFASs are nt the same. Each individual chemical has its wn unique prperties and uses.” (化学工业代表主张将全氟辛烷磺酸作为单独的化学品来处理。在发表这项新研究之前，《科学美国人》就此事联系了化学工业贸易协会美国化学理事会（ACC），但该组织没有回复。ACC在其专门的PFAS网页上指出，“并非所有PFAS都相同。每种化学物质都有其独特的性质和用途。”)”可知，ACC没有回应Scientific American的询问，但ACC在其网页上指出“并非所有PFAS都相同。每种化学物质都有其独特的性质和用途。”。这表明ACC同意化学行业代表的观点。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““Only sme PFASs have ever been tested fr txicity,” Geueke says, and “there are prbably ther ways t prduce fd packaging.”Ss have ever been tested fr txicity,” Geueke says, and “there are prbably ther ways t prduce fd packaging.”(Geueke说：“只有一些全氟辛烷磺酸被测试过毒性，可能还有其他生产食品包装的方法。”)”可知，Geueke认同应探索食品包装替代品。故选B。
D
Picture this: Yur cmputer culd sense yur emtins as yu wrked — feeling yur jy at cmpleting a task, yur bredm during repetitive data entry, r yur frustratin when an errr message keeps emerging. This might sund like science fictin, but researchers are bringing this visin clser t reality by develping advanced cmputatinal mdels that can predict human emtins during cmputer interactins.
At the frefrnt f this effrt is a team f Finnish scientists wh have created a mdel. The mdel essentially puts itself in the user’s shes, simulating (模拟) the series f actins, utcmes, and cgnitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise t emtins like happiness, bredm, r frustratin.
T test their mdel, the researchers designed a series f interactive cmputer tasks meant t cause specific emtins. In the “happiness” task, users answered a series f questins and received psitive feedback fr crrect respnses. The “bredm” task invlved a series f repetitive questins. In the “frustratin” task, the system was intentinally prgrammed t display errr messages and ultimately fail, regardless f the user’s answers.
As study participants wrked thrugh these tasks, the emtinal reactins predicted by the mdel clsely matched the emtins reprted by the users themselves. The mdel was even able t discver small changes, such as a steady increase in frustratin ver the curse f the errr-ridden task.
The researchers believe their emtin-predicting mdel culd pave the way fr a new generatin f emtinally intelligent cmputers that can tailr their behavir t the user’s psychlgical state. An effective system might ffer a stressed user cmfrting wrds f encuragement, liven up a bring task with humr, r prvide emtinal assistance when frustratin munts. “By creating interactins that are mre emtinally attuned, designers culd bst user engagement, prductivity, and verall well-being,” they add.
Hwever, the mdel is still in prgress and needs t be extended t recgnize a wider range f emtins acrss mre cmplex, real-wrld cmputer interactins. The researchers als emphasize the imprtance f gathering mre diverse training data t ensure the mdel can accurately predict emtins fr users f all backgrunds.
12. Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the text?
A. By making a cmparisn.B. By creating an imaginary scene.
C. By telling a real life stry.D. By sharing a ppular bk.
13. What were cmputer users asked t d in the study?
A. Cmfrt each ther.B. Reprt their feelings.
C. Get rid f bredm.D. Stay discnnected nline.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Great imprvements n the mdel.B. Characteristics f future cmputer users.
C. Researchers’ expectatin f their mdel.D. Cmputer users’ respnses t the mdel.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Smart Cmputers May Replace Humans
B. Interactins with Cmputers Are Enjyable
C. Cmputers Might Understand Our Emtins
D. An Emtin-predicting Mdel Meets Challenges
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。芬兰科学家设计了能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型。这一模型有望为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Yur cmputer culd sense yur emtins as yu wrked— feeling yur jy at cmpleting a task, yur bredm during repetitive data entry, r yur frustratin when an errr message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”可知，作者通过创造一个想象中的场景来引入文本的主题，即计算机能够感知用户的情绪。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the “happiness” task, users answered a series f questins and received psitive feedback fr crrect respnses. The “bredm” task invlved a series f repetitive questins. In the “frustratin” task, the system was intentinally prgrammed t display errr messages and ultimately fail, regardless f the user’s answers. (在“幸福”任务中，用户回答了一系列问题，并收到了正确答案的积极反馈。“无聊”任务涉及一系列重复的问题。在“挫折”任务中，系统被有意编程为显示错误消息并最终失败，而不管用户的答案如何。) ”可知，参与者在不同任务中被要求回答问题、接受反馈等任务，而这些任务设计的目的是引发特定的情绪，即计算机使用者在研究中需要告知他们的感受。故选B项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“The researchers believe their emtin-predicting mdel culd pave the way fr a new generatin f emtinally intelligent cmputers that can tailr their behavir t the user’s psychlgical state. (研究人员相信，他们的情绪预测模型可以为新一代情绪智能计算机铺平道路，这些计算机可以根据用户的心理状态调整他们的行为。) ”可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员对这个模型的期待——希望它能为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路，而不是模型本身的改进、未来计算机用户的特点或计算机用户对模型的反应。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Yur cmputer culd sense yur emtins as yu wrked— feeling yur jy at cmpleting a task, yur bredm during repetitive data entry, r yur frustratin when an errr message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”和第二段“At the frefrnt f this effrt is a team f Finnish scientists wh have created a mdel. The mdel essentially puts itself in the user’s shes, simulating (模拟) the series f actins, utcmes, and cgnitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise t emtins like happiness, bredm, r frustratin. (这项工作的最前沿是一个芬兰科学家团队，他们创建了一个模型。该模型本质上是设身处地地为用户着想，模拟一系列最终导致幸福、无聊或沮丧等情绪的行为、结果和认知评估。) ”可知，本文主要介绍了芬兰科学家设计的能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型，这说明计算机也许能够理解人类的情绪了。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bare arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. ____16____
There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. ____17____ Think abut a time when yu’ve stubbed yur te. There desn’t seem t be a delay between hitting yur te and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time.
____18____ If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal.
On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. ____19____ S his brain perceived pain t match the experience.
Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. ____20____ Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival!
A. Pain is nt fun t feel.
B. Pain is a respnse t a stimulus.
C. Our brains use sensry infrmatin t interpret the pain that we feel.
D. Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling it is necessary fr human survival.
E. All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive.
F. It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng.
G. Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm.
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. D 19. G 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。
【16题详解】
由上文“Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bar e arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. (想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。)”可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F“It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng (这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题)”承接了上文的“警告系统”，符合题意。故选F。
【17题详解】
由上文“There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. (我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为“伤害感受器”。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E“All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive (所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度)”解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
【18题详解】
由下文“If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal. (如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。)”可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D“Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary fr human survival (尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的)”既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。
【19题详解】
由上文“On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. (另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里)”可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G“Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm (然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉)”很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【20题详解】
由上文“Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. (没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。)”和下文“Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival! (然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！)”可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A“Pain is nt fun t feel (感受疼痛并不有趣)”自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并于下文构成转折，符合题意。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Everyne in business has been tld that success is all abut attracting and retaining (留住) custmers. It sunds simple and achievable. But,___21___, wrds f wisdm are sn frgtten. Once cmpanies have attracted custmers they ften___22___the secnd half f the stry. In the excitement f beating ff the cmpetitin, negtiating prices, securing rders, and delivering the prduct, managers tend t becme carried away. They frget what they regard as the bring side f business—___23___that the custmer remains a custmer.___24___t cncentrate n retaining as well as attracting custmers csts business huge amunts f mney annually. It has been estimated that the average cmpany lses between 10 and 30 per cent f its custmers every years. In cnstantly changing___25___, this is nt surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few cmpanies have any idea hw many custmers they have lst.
Only nw are rganizatins beginning t wake up t thse lst pprtunities and calculate the___26___implicatins. Cutting dwn the number f custmers a cmpany lses can make a big___27___in its perfrmance. Research in the US fund that a five per cent decrease in the number f defecting (流失的) custmers led t___28___increases f between 25 and 85 per cent.
In the US, Dmin’s Pizza estimates that a regular custmer is wrth mre than $5,000 ver ten years. A custmer wh receives a pr quality prduct r service n their first visit and___29___never returns, is lsing the cmpany thusands f dllars in_____30_____prfits (mre if yu cnsider hw many peple they are likely t tell abut their bad experience).
The lgic behind cultivating custmer_____31_____is impssible t deny. “In practice mst cmpanies’ marketing effrt is fcused n getting custmers, with little attentin paid t_____32_____them”, says Adrian Payne f Crnfield University’ Schl f Management. “Research suggests that there is a clse relatinship between retaining custmers and making prfits._____33_____custmers tend t buy mre, are predictable and usually cst less t service than new custmers. Furthermre, they tend t be less price_____34_____, and may prvide free wrd-f-muth advertising. Retaining custmers als makes it_____35_____fr cmpetitrs t enter a market r increase their share f a market.
21 A. in particularB. in realityC. at leastD. first f all
22. A. emphasizeB. dubtC. verlkD. believe
23. A. denyingB. ensuringC. arguingD. prving
24. A. MvingB. HpingC. StartingD. Failing
25. A. marketsB. tastesC. pricesD. expenses
26. A. cultureB. scialC. financialD. ecnmical
27. A. prmiseB. planC. mistakeD. difference
28. A. cstB. pprtunityC. prfitD. budget
29. A. as a resultB. n the whleC. in cnclusinD. n the cntrary
30. A. hugeB. ptentialC. extraD. reasnable
31. A. beliefsB. lyaltyC. habitsD. interest
32. A. alteringB. understandingC. keepingD. attracting
33. A. AssumedB. RespectedC. EstablishedD. Unexpected
34. A. agreeableB. flexibleC. friendlyD. sensitive
35. A. unfairB. difficultC. essentialD. cnvenient
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了很多公司把很多精力放在了吸引顾客的方面，而很少去关注如何留住老顾客，并说明留住老顾客的重要性。
【21题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：但事实上，智慧的话语很快就会被遗忘。A. in particular特别地；B. in reality事实上；C. at least至少；D. first f all首先。根据上文“It sunds simple and achievable. But”可知，此处表示事实上这并不那么简单。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司一旦吸引了顾客，他们常常忽略故事的另一部分。A. emphasize强调；B. dubt怀疑；C. verlk忽略；D. believe相信。根据下文“the secnd half f the stry”以及“They frget what they regard as the bring side f business— ___3___ that the custmer remains a custmer.”可知，在成功吸引顾客之后，公司常常会忽略另一部分。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们忘记了他们认为业务中令人厌烦的一面——确保顾客仍然是顾客。A. denying拒绝；B. ensuring确保；C. arguing争吵；D. prving 证明。根据下文“that the custmer remains a custmer.”可知，此处表示确保顾客不会流失，顾客仍然是顾客。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：未能像吸引顾客那样留住顾客每年都会使企业花费巨额成本。A. Mving移动；B. Hping希望；C. Starting开始；D. Failing未能。根据下文“csts business huge amunts f mney annually.”可知，此处表示未能像吸引顾客那样留住顾客，fail t d sth.表示“未能做某事”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在持续变化的市场中，这并不令人吃惊。A. markets市场；B. tastes味道；C. prices价格；D. expenses花费。根据上文“It has been estimated that the average cmpany lses between 10 and 30 per cent f its custmers every years.”以及常识可知，此处表示公司所处的持续变化的市场。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到现在，组织才开始意识到那些失去的机会，并计算其对财务的影响。A. culture文化的；B. scial社会的；C. financial财务的；D. ecnmical经济的。根据下文“Research in the US fund that a five per cent decrease in the number f defecting custmers led t ___8___ increases f between 25 and 85 per cent.”可知，组织意识到失去的机会对于财务的影响。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：减少一个公司失去的顾客数量会对它的业绩产生重大影响。A. prmise承诺；B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. difference区别。根据上文“Cutting dwn the number f custmers a cmpany lses”可知，减少失去的顾客数量会对公司业绩产生重大影响，make a difference表示“有影响”，符合语境。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国的研究发现，流失的顾客数量减少5%，会导致预算增加25%至85%。A. cst费用；B. pprtunity机会；C. prfit利润；D. budget预算。根据下文“____13____ custmers tend t buy mre, are predictable and usually cst less t service than new custmers.”可知，原有顾客的服务成本更低，所以顾客流失会导致预算增加。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个顾客在第一次访问时收到了质量较差的产品或服务，结果再也没有回来，这将使公司损失数千美元的潜在利润（如果你考虑到他们可能会告诉多少人他们的糟糕经历，这会更多）。A. as a result结果；B. n the whle总体来讲；C. in cnclusin总之；D. n the cntrary相反。根据上文“A custmer wh receives a pr quality prduct r service n their first visit”可知，此处表示结果是顾客再也不会回来。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个顾客在第一次访问时收到了质量较差的产品或服务，结果再也没有回来，这将使公司损失数千美元的潜在利润（如果你考虑到他们可能会告诉多少人他们的糟糕经历，这会更多）。A. huge巨大的；B. ptential潜在的；C. extra额外的；D. reasnable合情合理的。根据下文“mre if yu cnsider hw many peple they are likely t tell abut their bad experience”以及常识可知，此处表示公司会失去潜在的顾客，损失潜在的利润。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养顾客忠诚度背后的逻辑是不可否认的。A. beliefs相信；B. lyalty忠诚；C. habits习惯；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“Research suggests that there is a clse relatinship between retaining custmers and making prfits.”可知，此处表示留住顾客，培养顾客的忠诚度。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，大多数公司的营销努力都集中在吸引顾客上，而很少注意到如何留住顾客。A. altering改变；B. understanding理解；C. keeping留下；D. attracting吸引。根据上文“mst cmpanies’ marketing effrt is fcused n getting custmers, with little attentin paid t”可知，公司会努力吸引顾客，但是很少注意到如何留住顾客。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与新顾客相比，老顾客倾向于购买更多、可预测且通常服务成本更低。A. Assumed假定的；B. Respected受尊重的；C. Established已建立的；D. Unexpected意想不到的。根据下文“than new custmers”可知，此处表示已经建立的顾客，即老顾客。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们往往对价格不太敏感，可能会提供免费的口碑广告。A. agreeable一致的；B. flexible灵活的；C. friendly友好的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据上文“____13____ custmers tend t buy mre, are predictable and usually cst less t service than new custmers. Furthermre, they tend t be less price”可知，此处介绍老顾客的优势，他们对价格敏感度不高。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：留住顾客也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。A. unfair不公平的；B. difficult困难的；C. essential重要的；D. cnvenient方便的。根据下文“fr cmpetitrs t enter a market r increase their share f a market.”以及语境可知，此处表示留住顾客会使得竞争对手进入市场增加市场份额很困难。故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Third Hunan Turism Develpment Cnference, ____36____ (hld) in Hengyang frm Friday t Sunday, exemplified the prvince’s dedicatin t elevate its turism industry t a new ____37____ (high). The cnference featured 499 culture and turism prjects launched with ____38____ investment f mre than 357.5 billin yuan. These prjects cvered areas such as lw-altitude flights, high-quality accmmdatin, and industrial turism.
Shen Xiaming Party chief f Hunan, pened the cnference ____39____ Saturday night, ____40____ (say) that the prvince has seen rapid develpment in recent years. T leverage the strength f the prvince, the cnference is actively advertising the high-quality develpment f the turism industry. It wants t launch mre distinctive culture and turism prducts, ____41____ (rich) the turism industrial chain, increase turism’s added value, ____42____ create favrable cnditins fr turism enterprises t invest and d business in the prvince. Ma Weiming, gvernr f Hunan, said Hengyang ____43____ (build) a brand-new image befre hlding the cnference. The city has been revitalizing its ld streets and industrial areas t create new cultural turism scenes, such as the Baweili prject, which has becme a key spt fr leisure and entertainment. Additinally, Hengyang is als knwn fr the Shigu Academy, ne f the fur well-knwn Chinese academies, ____44____ visitrs can enjy ancient buildings and academic culture.
Hunan will make the mst effrts t imprve the travel experience and upgrade the image f ____45____ (it) turism industry t make the prvince a ht turism destinatin.
【答案】36. held
37. height 38. an
39. n 40. saying
41. enrich 42. and
43. had built
44. where 45. its
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁是新闻报道。文章报道了第三届湖南旅游发展大会的相关信息，包括会议的时间、地点、主要内容和目标，以及湖南省领导的讲话和对未来的展望。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：第三届湖南旅游发展大会于周五至周日在衡阳举行，体现了湖南省提升旅游业的决心。本句谓语为exemplified，此处为非谓语动词，且The Third Hunan Turism Develpment Cnference与hld“举行”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：第三届湖南旅游发展大会于周五至周日在衡阳举行，体现了湖南省提升旅游业的决心。本空用名词height“高度”，作介词t的宾语。故填height。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：大会推出了499个文化和旅游项目，一项超过3575亿元的总投资。此处泛指“一项投资”，且investment以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：湖南省委书记沈晓明在周六晚开幕式上表示，近年来湖南省发展迅速。表示在具体某一天的晚上，用介词n。故填n。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：湖南省委书记沈晓明在周六晚开幕式上表示，近年来湖南省发展迅速。本句谓语为pened，此处为非谓语动词，且Shen Xiaming与say“说”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填saying。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：大会希望推出更多特色文化旅游产品，丰富旅游产业链，提高旅游业附加值，为旅游企业在省内投资和经营创造有利条件。本句谓语为wants，此处为非谓语动词。enrich“丰富”，本空用省略t的不定式，与t launch并列，作宾语。故填enrich。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：大会希望推出更多特色文化旅游产品，丰富旅游产业链，提高旅游业附加值，为旅游企业在省内投资和经营创造有利条件。the turism industrial chain, increase turism’s added value和create favrable cnditins fr turism enterprises t invest and d business in the prvince为并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：湖南省省长毛伟明表示，衡阳在举办大会前打造了全新的形象。本空为said后宾语从句的谓语，且build“创建”发生在said之前，从句时态用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。故填had built。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：此外，衡阳还以石鼓书院而闻名，石鼓书院是中国四大著名书院之一，游客可以在这里欣赏古建筑和学术文化。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Shigu Academy，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意：湖南省将尽最大努力改善旅游体验，提升旅游业的形象，使该省成为热门旅游目的地。本空用its，表示“它的”，作前置定语，修饰名词turism industry。故填its。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，是一名高中生，你注意到学校很多学生不重视大课间跑操。请你写一封倡议书，鼓励同学们认真对待大课间跑操。需要囊括以下几个内容：
1. 倡议的原因2. 跑操的好处3. 呼吁大家积极参加体育锻炼
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
参考词汇：大课间跑操：jgging exercise
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear fellw students,
As a high schl student, I have nticed that many f us are neglecting the imprtance f ur jgging exercise during the lng break. Therefre, I sincerely encurage all students t take it seriusly.
Regular jgging nt nly strengthens ur bdy but als helps relieve stress, enhances cncentratin, and bsts teamwrk spirit. It is a precius pprtunity t keep fit and cultivate perseverance. Let’s all take active participatin in this exercise, as staying healthy is fundamental t ur success. Remember, a healthy mind resides in a healthy bdy. Tgether, let’s embrace this beneficial activity.
Let’s start tday!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达为倡议书，李华作为高中生，注意到许多学生对大课间跑操不重视，需写信鼓励同学们重视。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
重视某事：take sth. seriusly → value sth.
解压：relieve stress → reduce stress
珍贵的：precius → prized/valuable
机会：pprtunity → chance
2. 句式拓展：
简单句变复合句
原句：Regular jgging nt nly strengthens ur bdy but als helps relieve stress.
拓展句：Regular jgging nt nly strengthens ur bdy but als acts as a methd, which helps us relieve stress.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As a high schl student, I have nticed that many f us are neglecting the imprtance f ur jgging exercise during the lng break. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Let’s all take active participatin in this exercise, as staying healthy is fundamental t ur success. (运用了as引导原因状语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下而材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a single mther, I’ve never dubted my daughter Jane’s dream t be a singer n the stage. At an early age, she was crazy abut singing. Whenever she had a chance, she wuld sing t her heart’s cntent. Her sweet and charming vice tended t get peple arund attracted t her sngs.
Living in a small city, I tk several dd jbs, determined t d everything in my pwer t supprt her. Sn after Jane attended schl, her music teacher Mary nticed her talent by chance and vlunteered t give her sme guidance n hw t sing. Jane practiced s hard that befre lng she made great prgress in singing.
Unfrtunately, ne nn a year later, Jane was crssing the street when a careless driver kncked her dwn. She was rushed t hspital. When I hurried there, the dctr tld me that my daughter wuld prbably nt stand n her wn feet. I frze with shck, feeling as if I had been thrwn int a dark wrld. Weak and dizzy, I was abut t fall t the grund when smene tk hld f me.
It was Mary, wh gt the news and raced here. She cmfrted me, saying firmly, “Grace, Jane needs yu. Yu must stay calm and strng.” I ndded. Having calmed dwn, I entered the ward with Mary.
That night, Jane recvered her cnsciusness (知觉) and pened her eyes. Hlding her hand, I said, “My dear, everything wuld be fine.” Mary cmfrted her gently, “I knw yu are a strng girl, Jane. Dn’t wrry. We’ll be standing by yu.” I was heartbrken t see tears streaming dwn Jane’s cheeks.
After tw mnths, we returned hme frm hspital. Her teachers and friends frequently visited her. Jane eventually accepted the fact that she wuld have t get arund in a wheelchair. Never did she refer t the subject f singing again. I knew she was a nice and understanding girl, wh was afraid that talking abut her riginal dream wuld upset the tw f us.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, hwever, Mary came with gd news.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When the hst annunced it was Jane’s turn, she was wheeled nt the stage.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 One day, hwever, Mary came with gd news. She tld Jane the schl music festival was t be held the next mnth and that her classmates all expected her t sing n behalf f her class. Jane’s eyes sparkled but respnded dubtfully, “Can ” Mary and I immediately assured her that she culd make it. In the fllwing mnth, with the help f Mary, Jane kept n practicing singing. Beautiful sngs eched in ur huse again and smiles began t appear n her face. Finally the big day came when she culd present herself.
When the hst annunced it was Jane’s turn, she was wheeled nt the stage. Jane was greeted with warm applause. As she began t sing, the audience gt absrbed in her beautiful vice. Secnds after her perfrmance, all the audience rse with thunderus cheers. When wheeled ff stage, Jane received praise and bunches f flwers frm her teachers and classmates. Jane was mved t tears. The kindness and encuragement frm her teachers and classmates stimulated Jane’s enthusiasm fr life, making her regain cnfidence in pursuing her riginal dream, which I will supprt whleheartedly.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的女儿简梦想成为歌手，在她的音乐老师玛丽的帮助下，简为了她的梦想努力取得进步。突然有一天，简遭遇了车祸，以后都不能自己站起来了，必须坐轮椅四处走动，简再也没有提过唱歌的话题。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然而，有一天，玛丽带来了好消息。”可知，第一段可描写玛丽告诉简希望她代表班级唱歌，简在玛丽的帮助下继续练习，终于可以展示自己了。
②由第二段首句内容“当主持人宣布轮到简时，她被推上了舞台。”可知，第二段可描写简的歌声得到了老师和同学们的赞扬，简重新找回了最初追求梦想的信心。
2.续写线索：好消息——简怀疑自己——练习唱歌——开始表演——得到赞扬——找到信心
3.词汇激活
行为类
①希望：expect/hpe/wish
②回答：respnd/reply/answer
③保证：assure/guarantee/ensure
情绪类
①眼睛闪闪发光：eyes sparkle/eyes glitter
②感动：mve/tuch
【点睛】[高分句型1]As she began t sing, the audience gt absrbed in her beautiful vice.（由连接词as引导时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]The kindness and encuragement frm her teachers and classmates stimulated Jane’s enthusiasm fr life, making her regain cnfidence in pursuing her riginal dream, which I will supprt whleheartedly.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）
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