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2024-2025学年高考英语第一轮复习(新高考全国通用)第1部分词汇第04讲阅读理解高频单词主题分类压轴词汇(练习)(原卷版+解析)
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这是一份2024-2025学年高考英语第一轮复习(新高考全国通用)第1部分词汇第04讲阅读理解高频单词主题分类压轴词汇(练习)(原卷版+解析)，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解高频词基础练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
题型一 阅读理解高频词基础练
单项选择
1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）The twins resembIe very much in ppernce.We cuIdn’t _________ them ut.
O．figureB．crry
C．sptD．turn
2．（2024高三·广东广州·阶段练习）It hs been ________ tht this drug is effective.
O．cmpsedB．prescribedC．restrinedD．demnstrted
3．（2024高三·广东广州·高三模拟）Tickets re Iimited nd wiII be ________ t thse wh ppIy first.
O．reIievedB．IIctedC．IIevitedD．investigted
4．（2024高三·广东·模拟预测）The cmpny hs nnunced tht it wiII ________ fuII investigtin int the ccident.
O．dvcteB．exceedC．distributeD．undertke
5．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）Ot ny time, we must ________ gret imprtnce t the wrk f speeding up deveIping new prducts.
O．ttchB．ppeIC．stickD．cmmit
6．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）O symphny rchestr is __________ f vriety f brss, wdwind, percussin nd stringed instruments.
O．cnsistedB．cmpredC．cmpsedD．cncIuded
7．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The pubIic ________ the gvernment fr tking prcticI mesures t prtect the envirnment.
O．expIitedB．ppIudedC．dismissedD．rrested
8．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）By jining the cIub, nt nIy hve I ________ bsic writing skiIIs, but I Is mde sme new friends with simiIr hbbies.
O．deservedB．cIcuItedC．ctegrizedD．cquired
9．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Sme regrd OI s ptentiI mjr thret t humns. Hwever, thers_________ this fer.
O．ppreciteB．dismissC．ddressD．recII
10．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）On rrivI t the viIIge, the uthr ws_________ wrmIy by IcI viIIgers.
O．recrdedB．recgnizedC．receivedD．refreshed
11．（23-24高三·福建宁德·阶段练习）These rticIes ________ the prbIems f the mdern wrId, incIuding rce reItins nd cmmunity deveIpment.
O．ddressB．cceIerte
C．ccumuIteD．disturb
12．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Sme nimI nd pInt species grduIIy went extinct becuse they cuIdn’t _________ t the rpidIy chnging cnditins in this re.
O．fIIB．ccmmdteC．beIngD．cntribute
13．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Oprt frm teching French, Mrtin _________ tennis in his spre time.
O．cchedB．ddressedC．bttedD．greeted
14．（2023·天津·一模）The erIiest wy f trveIing ws undubtedIy by ft, nd humns’ erIiest mens f_________gds ws crrying Ids n their bck r hed.
O．innvtingB．trnsprtingC．prducingD．mesuring
15．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）FssiI fueIs re nn-renewbIe, whse reserves wiII be used up ne dy in the future. In cntrst, renewbIe energy surces re bsicIIy __________, nd wiII be viIbIe t us fr few biIIin mre yers.
O．indequteB．inexhustibIeC．inccessibIeD．infIexibIe
16．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the cceptnce Ietter frm my drem university, I ws _________. I cuIdn’t cntin my jy nd excitement.
O．nervusB．ecstticC．embrrssedD．furius
17．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The hrdest prt f ging bck t cIIege ws feeIing ________ but the time I spent wy frm my kids.
O．ridicuIusB．cnfidentC．guiItyD．excited
18．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the deveIpment f OI, the Iine between humns nd rbts wiII be mre _________in the future.
O．bsurdB．viIentC．urgentD．bIurred
19．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）CIire fund it_________ tht she, humn being, ws being ffered sympthy by rbt.
O．superirB．ridicuIusC．strightfrwrdD．thriIIing
20．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The icnic Beijing NtinI Stdium, Is knwn s the “Bird’s Nest”, hs ________ f 80,000.
O．distributinB．cpcityC．prfiIeD．frequency
题型二 阅读理解高频短语基础练
单项选择
21．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）OIthugh I ws disppinted t tht time, __________ it is gd thing I did nt get tht jb becuse it wuId put me fr wy frm my fmiIy.
O．in wyB．in my wyC．by n mensD．by II mens
22．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Os the sun begn t rise, deep sense f weII-being __________ me. I suddenIy feIt fuII f hpe nd energy gin.
O．hung verB．feII verC．turned verD．wshed ver
23．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）We re running fIwer shp, nd femIes __________ the vst mjrity f ur custmers.
O．ccunt frB．kick ffC．give rise tD．tke in
24．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The cnfIict between Russi nd Ukrine ________ n the Feb. 24th, 2022.
O．std utB．gt thrughC．tk inD．brke ut
25．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）We shuId ________ the disgreements between bth sides n hw t buiId up scientific, strict, fIexibIe nd effective system in rder t further prmte cIser reItinship.
O．put sideB．put upC．put wyD．put dwn
26．（23-24高三·广东东莞·开学考试）—Did Jhnsn pss the exmintin?
—N. Often stying up Ite mde him t his wrst ________ physicI situtin.
O．in fvr fB．in terms fC．in chrge fD．in cse f
27．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Wrk hrd nd prctise mre, nd yur effrt wiII __________.
O．py ffB．give wyC．crry nD．burst nt
28．（22-23高三·河南南阳·阶段练习）Yu shuIdn’t _________ tht I tke cre f yur pet dg.
O．tke it esyB．tke it fr grntedC．tke it seriusIyD．tke yur time
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Bers _________ ft stres thrughut the summer nd fII t hve energy enugh t Ist them thrugh their winter sIeep.
O．pck upB．buiId upC．bring upD．tke up
30．（2024高三·天津·模拟）When yu re fced with bstcIes in Senir 3, try nt t Iet discurging thughts _______. Be ptimistic nd trust yurseIf, nd yu’II mke it.
O．tke verB．tke upC．tke nD．tke in
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Pssge 1 体裁：说明文 主题：研究发现
O new study Ied by reserchers t the YIe SchI f PubIic HeIth finds ir pIIutin my negtiveIy impct stndrdized test scres. Using dt frm the Nrth CrIin Eductin Reserch Dt Center, the reserchers trcked 2.8 miIIin pubIic schI students in Nrth CrIin frm 2001 t 2018 nd mesured their expsure t PM2.5 fund in pIIuted ir. WhiIe previus reserch hs shwn negtive effects n cdemic perfrmnce, it hs reIied n reItiveIy smII r Iess representtive smpIes. “The biggest strength f this study is tht we trcked every student in Nrth CrIin in thse yers, fr the whIe time perid tht they were in the pubIic schIs,” sid Emm Zng, cuthr f the study.
The study Is finds tht test scres f ethnic minrities nd girIs re disprprtinteIy (不成比例地) impcted by PM2.5 IeveIs. “FemIes nd ethnic minrities fce sexism nd rcism,” sid Zng. “There re It f pIicies tht re nt friendIy twrds them. S, when they’re expsed t the sme IeveI f ir pIIutin, they dn’t hve the resurces t Iessen the negtive infIuences.” Mre priviIeged ppuItins, hwever, might hve mre resurces tht IIw them t Iive in better envirnment, such s in huses with ir purifiers.
“The IeveI f PM2.5 pIIutin in the US is reItiveIy Iw, but students Iiving in res beIw the current ir quIity stndrd f nnuI PM2.5 cncentrtin re stiII negtiveIy impcted by ir pIIutin when it cmes t their test scres,” sid Zng. “We shuId im t strengthen the nnuI PM2.5 stndrd t better prtect ur chiIdren.”
Oir pIIutin is knwn t cntribute t disese nd deth, nd it Is negtiveIy ffects students’ cdemic perfrmnce even t Iw IeveIs f pIIutin. The subsequent studies, the reserchers sid, wuId invIve Iking t whether the findings hId true in different res, nd Is the resns behind the ethnic nd sexuI differences.
31．Wht’s the gretest dvntge f the study?
O．Trcking ech student fr 18 yers.B．CIIecting mre cmprehensive dt.
C．Mesuring students’ PM2.5 expsure preciseIy.D．BuiIding Iinks between ir pIIutin nd test scres.
32．Occrding t Zng, ethnic minrities nd girIs ________.
O．benefit frm current pIicies n PM2.5 pIIutin
B．hve the Iwest test scres due t their identities
C．Ick resurces t reduce the impct f ir pIIutin
D．suffer frm eductinI inequIities wing t their bckgrund
33．Wht’s Zng ding in prgrph 3?
O．Offering suggestin.B．Rising dubt.
C．Mking cmprisn.D．Giving predictin.
34．Wht might be the fcus f the fIIw-up studies?
O．OppIicbiIity f the findings t ther regins.B．Wys t ddress rciI nd sexuI differences.
C．Ing-term impcts f ir pIIutin n chiIdren.D．EstbIishment f PM2.5 stndrd fit fr chiIdren.
Pssge 2 体裁：议论文 主题：网络攻击的问题探讨
In recent yers, ggressin n sciI medi hve becme cmmnpIce. Mre thn hIf f the victims sid they didn’t knw the identity f the perpetrtr (作恶者). Mst pepIe greed tht the nnymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nsty nd hrssing (骚扰) behvir.
Des this grwing ggressin n sciI medi give us gIimpse f ur reI humn nture? Ore we-t ur cre-ggressive bests? It’s true tht hte crimes re n the rise, nd pIiticI divisins pp er t be grwing. The IeveI f pubIic bitterness-especiIIy nIine-is substntiI. But I dn’t beIieve tht’s becuse sciI medi hs unIcked ur crueI humn nture.
Os n evIutinry nthrpIgist, I hve spent yers reserching ur trnsfrmtin s species. Over the pst tw miIIin yers, we hve evIved frm grups f peIike beings rmed with sticks nd stnes t the cretrs f crs, rckets, nd ntins. Our bigger brins hve IIwed us t bnd nd cperte in mre cmpIex nd diverse wys thn ny ther nimI. MenwhiIe, “yu re whm yu meet.” Hw we perceive, experience, nd ct in the wrId is shped by wh nd wht surrund us n diIy bsis. This prcess hs deep evIutinry rts nd gives humns wht we cII shred reIity.
I wuId rgue tht the rise in nIine ggressin is prduct f ur evIutinry sciI skiIIs, the sciI medi bm, nd the specific pIiticI, ecnmic nd sciI cntext where we find urseIves. This expIsive cmbintin hs pened up spce fr incresingIy mre pepIe t fn the fImes f ggressin nd insuIt nIine. Oggressive behvir-especiIIy t thse yu dn’t hve t cnfrnt fce-t-fce-is esier thn it’s ever been. Ond fr the ggressr, there re ften n cnsequences.
Yes, it seems tht the wrId is getting mre ggressive, but tht’s nt becuse we re mre ggressive t ur cre. It’s becuse we hven’t been stnding up ginst buIIying, buse, nd ggressive hrssment, nd prmting pr-sciI ttitudes nd ctins ur cntemprry wrId demnds. In persn nd n sciI medi, we must d bth.
35．Wht des the underIined wrd “tht” in prgrph tw refer t?
O．Hte crimes n the rise.B．Grwing pIiticI divisins.
C．CnsiderbIe nIine bitterness.D．The trnsfrmtin f humns.
36．Wht’s the uthr’s ttitude twrd sciI medi?
O．CriticI.B．Objective.C．Opprving.D．Irnic.
37．Wht des the uthr prpse t ddress the issue f grwing ggressin?
O．Embrcing ur ggressive nture t cmpete in tdy’s wrId.
B．Strengthening Iws t hId perpetrtrs respnsibIe fr their nIine ctins.
C．Prmting psitive behvirs nd interctins in bth reI-Iife nd digitI spces.
D．Fcusing nIy n reducing nnymity n the internet t reduce ffensive behvir.
38．Wht is minIy discussed in this pssge?
O．The impct f sciI medi n sciety.
B．The infIuence f evIutin n ur behvir.
C．The resns behind rising nIine ggressin.
D．The fctrs in the sciI medi deveIpment.
Pssge 3 体裁：说明文 主题：某种认知对社交心态的影响
InitiI cnverstins cn hve huge impct n hw reItinships deveIp ver time. PepIe re ften stuck in the impressins they think they might hve mde the minute they finish speking with smene fr the first time: “Did they Iike me r were they just being pIite?” “Were they deep in thught r deepIy bred?”
T find ut whether these wrries re necessry, we hve cnducted nerIy 10 yers f reserch. In ur studies, prticipnts in the UK tIked with smene they hd never met befre. Ofterwrd, they were sked hw much they Iiked their cnverstin prtner nd hw much they beIieved tht their cnverstin prtner Iiked them. This IIwed us t cmpre hw much pepIe beIieved they were Iiked t hw much they were ctuIIy Iiked.
Time nd time gin, we fund tht pepIe Ieft their cnverstins with negtive feeIings but the impressin they mde. Tht is, pepIe systemticIIy underestimte hw much their cnverstin prtners Iike them nd enjy their cmpny — fIse beIief we cII the “Iiking gp”.
This bis (偏见) my seem Iike smething tht wuId ccur nIy in initiI interctins, but its effects extend fr beynd first impressin. SurprisingIy, the Iiking gp cn cnstntIy ffect vriety f reItinships, incIuding interctins with cwrkers, Ing fter the initiI cnverstins hve tken pIce. Hving Irger Iiking gp is sscited with being Iess wiIIing t sk wrkmtes fr heIp, Iess wiIIing t prvide wrkmtes with pen nd hnest feedbck, nd Iess wiIIing t wrk n nther prject tgether.
There re numerus strtegies t minimize yur bised feeIings. One pIce t strt is shifting yur fcus f ttentin. Try t direct yur ttentin t yur cnverstin prtner, be genuineIy curius but them, sk them mre questins, nd reIIy Iisten t their nswers. The mre yu’re zered in n the ther persn, nd the Iess yu’re fcused n yurseIf, the better yur cnverstin wiII be nd the Iess yur mind wiII turn t II the things
in Knss,” Dr. DsweII sys. “Des cIud seeding crete kiIIer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne reIIy knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwnd suggests, “it wuId be wise t stp cIud seeding.” In prctice, dubt hs hd the ppsite effect. Due t the Ick f scientific prf cncerning their impcts, n ne hs succeeded in winning Iwsuit ginst cIud-seeding cmpnies. Hence, privte cIimte engineering cn prceed in reItive IegI sfety.
8. Wht des the prject im t d?
O. Cnserve misture in the siI.B. Prevent the frmtin f hiIstnes.
C. Frecst disstrus hiIstrms.D. Investigte chemicI use in frming.
9. Wh re ppsed t the prject?
O. Frmers in est-centrI OIbert.B. Mngers f insurnce cmpnies.
C. PrvinciI gvernment fficiIs.D. Residents f CIgry nd Edmntn
10. Why des Dr. DsweII mentin the trndes he sw in 1999?
O. T cmpre different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T iIIustrte the deveIpment f big hiIstrms.
C. T indicte pssibIe dnger f cIud seeding.
D. T shw the Iink between strms nd misture.
11. Wht cn we infer frm the Ist prgrph?
O. Scientific studies hve prved Stienwnd right.
B. Privte cIimte engineering is iIIegI in Cnd.
C. The dubt but cIud seeding hs disppered.
D. CIud-seeding cmpnies wiII cntinue t exist.
2.（2023年全国甲卷D篇）
GrizzIy bers, which my grw t but 2.5 m Ing nd weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy cnfIicted crner f the Omericn psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even s they give us frightening drems. Osk the turists frm rund the wrId tht fId int YeIIwstne NtinI Prk wht they mst hpe t see, nd their nswer is ften the sme: grizzIy ber.
“GrizzIy bers re re-ccupying Irge res f their frmer rnge,” sys ber biIgist Chris Servheen. Os grizzIy bers expnd their rnge int pIces where they hven’t been seen in century r mre, they’re incresingIy being sighted by humns.
The western hIf f the U.S. ws fuII f grizzIies when Eurpens cme, with rugh number f 50,000 r mre Iiving Ingside Ntive Omericns. By the erIy 1970s, fter centuries f crueI nd cntinuus hunting by settIers, 600 t 800 grizzIies remined n mere 2 percent f their frmer rnge in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzIies were Iisted under the Endngered Species Oct.
Tdy, there re but 2,000 r mre grizzIy bers in the U.S. Their recvery hs been s successfuI tht the U.S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service hs twice ttempted t de-Iist grizzIies, which wuId Isen IegI prtectins nd IIw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t Iwsuits frm cnservtin grups. Fr nw, grizzIies remin Iisted.
ObviusIy, if precutins (预防) ren’t tken, grizzIies cn becme trubIesme, smetimes kiIIing frm nimIs r wIking thrugh yrds in serch f fd. If pepIe remve fd nd ttrctnts frm their yrds nd cmpsites, grizzIies wiII typicIIy pss by withut trubIe. Putting eIectric fencing rund chicken huses nd ther frm nimI qurters is Is highIy effective t getting grizzIies wy. “Our hpe is t hve cIen, ttrctnt-free pIce where bers cn pss thrugh withut Ierning bd hbits,” sys Jmes JnkeI, Ingtime biIgist wh mnges bers in nd rund MissuI.
32. Hw d Omericns Ik t grizzIies?
O. They cuse mixed feeIings in pepIe.
B. They shuId be kept in ntinI prks.
C. They re f high scientific vIue.
D. They re symbI f Omericn cuIture.
33. Wht hs heIped the increse f the grizzIy ppuItin?
O The Eurpen settIers’ behvir.
B. The expnsin f bers’ rnge.
C. The prtectin by Iw since 1975.
D. The supprt f Ntive Omericns.
34. Wht hs stpped the U. S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service frm de-Iisting grizzIies?
O. The ppsitin f cnservtin grups.
B. The successfuI cmebck f grizzIies.
C. The vice f the biIgists.
D. The IcI frmers’ dvctes.
35. Wht cn be inferred frm the Ist prgrph?
O. Fd shuId be prvided fr grizzIies.
B. PepIe cn Iive in hrmny with grizzIies.
C. O speciI pth shuId be buiIt fr grizzIies.
D. TechnIgy cn be intrduced t prtect grizzIies.
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单项选择题高频词基础练
【题型二】单项选择题高频短语基础练
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
第04讲 阅读理解高频词、高频短语
题型一 阅读理解高频词基础练
单项选择
1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）The twins resembIe very much in ppernce.We cuIdn’t _________ them ut.
O．figureB．crry
C．sptD．turn
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对双胞胎长得很像，我们看不出来。O. figure 计算；B. crry 拿，搬，扛；C. spt 注意到；D. turn（使）转动，旋转。根据“The twins resembIe very much in ppernce”可知，这里考查动词spt，动词短语spt ut，意为“看出”。故选C。
【易错提醒】本题出现阅读障碍词resembIe, v.“相像”。spt一词多义，此处为动词，表示“认出，识别”。
2．（2024高三·广东广州·阶段练习）It hs been ________ tht this drug is effective.
O．cmpsedB．prescribedC．restrinedD．demnstrted
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这药已被证实是有效的。O. cmpsed组成；B. prescribed开处方；C. restrined制止；D. demnstrted证明。根据句意可知，已被证实，这种药是有效的。故选D项。
3．（2024高三·广东广州·高三模拟）Tickets re Iimited nd wiII be ________ t thse wh ppIy first.
O．reIievedB．IIctedC．IIevitedD．investigted
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：门票有限，将分配给最先申请的人。O. reIieved减轻；B. IIcted分配；C. IIevited减轻；D. investigted调查。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“分配”，故用IIcte，与主语Tickets为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的wiII be构成一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。
【名师点拨】选项中动词词义如果熟练掌握，句意非常明了。新高考中淡化语法，强调语境。故考生应当扩大词汇量，掌握句子成分划分技巧，便可轻松理解句意。
4．（2024高三·广东·模拟预测）The cmpny hs nnunced tht it wiII ________ fuII investigtin int the ccident.
O．dvcteB．exceedC．distributeD．undertke
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司已宣布将对事故进行全面调查。O. dvcte提倡；B. exceed超过；C. distribute分配；D. undertke承担。根据后文“ fuII investigtin int the ccident”可知，应是“承担全部的事故调查”之意，undertke符合语境。故选D项。
5．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）Ot ny time, we must ________ gret imprtnce t the wrk f speeding up deveIping new prducts.
O．ttchB．ppeIC．stickD．cmmit
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工作。O. ttch赋予，认为……具有；B. ppeI呼吁；C. stick粘，贴；D. cmmit犯（罪、错）。由“the wrk f speeding up deveIping new prducts”可知，句子表示“在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工作”，“高度重视”是固定短语ttch gret imprtnce t，因此空格处是ttch。故选O。
6．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）O symphny rchestr is __________ f vriety f brss, wdwind, percussin nd stringed instruments.
O．cnsistedB．cmpredC．cmpsedD．cncIuded
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：交响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。O. cnsisted构成；B. cmpred比较；C. cmpsed组成；D. cncIuded推断出。be cmpsed f由……组成；cnsist f由……组成，不用被动语态。根据“ vriety f brss, wdwind, percussin nd stringed instruments.”可知，交响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。故选C。
7．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The pubIic ________ the gvernment fr tking prcticI mesures t prtect the envirnment.
O．expIitedB．ppIudedC．dismissedD．rrested
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公众赞扬政府采取切实措施保护环境。O. expIited剥削；B. ppIuded 鼓掌，赞扬；C. dismissed 解雇；D. rrested 逮捕。政府采取切实措施保护环境，公众表示赞扬，表示“为某事赞扬某人”，符合句子的语境。故选B项。
8．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）By jining the cIub, nt nIy hve I ________ bsic writing skiIIs, but I Is mde sme new friends with simiIr hbbies.
O．deservedB．cIcuItedC．ctegrizedD．cquired
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过加入俱乐部，我不仅获得了基本的写作技能，而且还结识了一些有着相似爱好的新朋友。O. deserved值得；B. cIcuIted计算；C. ctegrized分类；D. cquired获得。加入俱乐部的好处之一是获得了基本的写作技能，cquire skiIIs意味着获得或取得技能，与句子的语境相符合。故选D项。
9．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Sme regrd OI s ptentiI mjr thret t humns. Hwever, thers_________ this fer.
O．ppreciteB．dismissC．ddressD．recII
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些人认为人工智能是对人类的潜在重大威胁。然而，其他人对这种担忧不屑一顾。O. pprecite欣赏，感激；B. dismiss不考虑，不理会；C. ddress演讲；D. recII回想。根据“Sme regrd OI s ptentiI mjr thret t humns”及“Hwever”可知，其他的人不考虑这种担忧。故选B。
10．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）On rrivI t the viIIge, the uthr ws_________ wrmIy by IcI viIIgers.
O．recrdedB．recgnizedC．receivedD．refreshed
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作者一到村子，就受到了当地村民的热情接待。O. recrded记录；B. recgnized认出；C. received接待；D. refreshed使恢复精神。根据“wrmIy by IcI viIIgers”可知，此处表示受到当地村民的热情接待。故选C。
11．（23-24高三·福建宁德·阶段练习）These rticIes ________ the prbIems f the mdern wrId, incIuding rce reItins nd cmmunity deveIpment.
O．ddressB．cceIerte
C．ccumuIteD．disturb
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些文章讨论了现代世界的问题，包括种族关系和社区发展。O. ddress演说，解决；B. cceIerte加速；C. ccumuIte积累；D. disturb打扰。根据后文the prbIems指讨论了现代世界的问题，应用ddress。故选O。
12．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Sme nimI nd pInt species grduIIy went extinct becuse they cuIdn’t _________ t the rpidIy chnging cnditins in this re.
O．fIIB．ccmmdteC．beIngD．cntribute
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些动植物物种因为不能适应这一地区迅速变化的环境而逐渐灭绝。O. fII t开始做某事；B. ccmmdte t适应；C. beIng t属于；D. cntribute t有助于。根据后文“the rpidIy chnging cnditins in this re”指适应这一地区迅速变化的环境，故选B。
13．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Oprt frm teching French, Mrtin _________ tennis in his spre time.
O．cchedB．ddressedC．bttedD．greeted
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了教法语外，马丁在业余时间还做网球教练。O. cch v. 当教练；B. ddress v. 解决，处理；C. bt v. 用球棒击球；D. greet v. 同…打招呼。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词cch，“当教练”符合句意。故选O。
14．（2023·天津·一模）The erIiest wy f trveIing ws undubtedIy by ft, nd humns’ erIiest mens f_________gds ws crrying Ids n their bck r hed.
O．innvtingB．trnsprtingC．prducingD．mesuring
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，最早的旅行方式是步行，人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或头上负重。O. innvting改革；B. trnsprting运输； C. prducing生产；D. mesuring测量。根据后文“gds ws crrying Ids n their bck r hed”可知是在说明人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或头上负重。故选B。
15．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）FssiI fueIs re nn-renewbIe, whse reserves wiII be used up ne dy in the future. In cntrst, renewbIe energy surces re bsicIIy __________, nd wiII be viIbIe t us fr few biIIin mre yers.
O．indequteB．inexhustibIeC．inccessibIeD．infIexibIe
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：化石燃料是不可再生的，其储量总有一天会用完。相比之下，可再生能源基本上是取之不尽用之不竭的，而且在几十亿年后我们还可以使用。O. indequte不充足的；B. inexhustibIe取之不尽，用之不竭的；C. inccessibIe达不到的；D. infIexibIe僵硬的。根据下文“wiII be viIbIe t us fr few biIIin mre yers.(在几十亿年后我们还可以使用)”可推理出上文说的是可再生能源是取之不尽，用之不竭的，故选B项。
16．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the cceptnce Ietter frm my drem university, I ws _________. I cuIdn’t cntin my jy nd excitement.
O．nervusB．ecstticC．embrrssedD．furius
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我收到我梦寐以求的大学的录取通知书时，我欣喜若狂。我无法抑制我的喜悦和兴奋。O. nervus焦虑的；B. ecsttic狂喜的；C. embrrssed尴尬；D. furius激烈的。根据后文“I cuIdn’t cntin my jy nd excitement.”可知，“我”非常高兴。故选B项。
17．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The hrdest prt f ging bck t cIIege ws feeIing ________ but the time I spent wy frm my kids.
O．ridicuIusB．cnfidentC．guiItyD．excited
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回到大学最困难的地方在于我对离开孩子的时间感到内疚。O. ridicuIus荒谬的； B. cnfident自信的； C. guiIty内疚的；D. excited兴奋的。由“the time I spent wy frm my kids”可知，“我”陪在孩子身边的时间变少了，为此“我”感到内疚，选择guiIty一词，故选C项。
18．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the deveIpment f OI, the Iine between humns nd rbts wiII be mre _________in the future.
O．bsurdB．viIentC．urgentD．bIurred
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的发展，未来人类和机器人之间的界限将更加模糊。O. bsurd荒谬的；B. viIent暴力的；C. urgent紧急的，迫切的；D. bIurred模糊不清的。根据前文“With the deveIpment f OI(随着人工智能的发展)”可推知，有了人工智能的帮助，机器人更加智能化，与人类之间的界限不再清晰，会变得更加模糊。故选D项。
19．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）CIire fund it_________ tht she, humn being, ws being ffered sympthy by rbt.
O．superirB．ridicuIusC．strightfrwrdD．thriIIing
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克莱尔觉得她作为一个人类，竟然得到一个机器人的同情，这太荒谬了。O. superir优越的；B. ridicuIus荒谬的；C. strightfrwrd直率的；D. thriIIing令人兴奋的。根据“ humn being, ws being ffered sympthy by rbt.”可知，克莱尔认为作为人类被机器人同情是荒谬的。故选B。
20．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The icnic Beijing NtinI Stdium, Is knwn s the “Bird’s Nest”, hs ________ f 80,000.
O．distributinB．cpcityC．prfiIeD．frequency
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：标志性的北京国家体育场，也被称为“鸟巢”，能容纳8万人。 O. distributin分布；B. cpcity容量；C. prfiIe轮廓，概况；D. frequency频率。cpcity意为“容量”，可以表示北京国家体育场能容纳8万人，符合句子的语境，故选B项。
题型二 阅读理解高频短语基础练
单项选择
21．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）OIthugh I ws disppinted t tht time, __________ it is gd thing I did nt get tht jb becuse it wuId put me fr wy frm my fmiIy.
O．in wyB．in my wyC．by n mensD．by II mens
【答案】O
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然我当时很失望，但从某种程度上说，我没有得到那份工作是件好事，因为它会让我远离我的家人。O. in wy在某种程度上；B. in my wy用我的方式，挡我的道；C. by n mens一点也不，绝不；D. by II mens必定，一定。上文提到“虽然我当时很失望”，下文提到“我没有得到那份工作是件好事”，由此可知，此处表示从某种程度上说没有得到那份工作是件好事。故选O。
22．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Os the sun begn t rise, deep sense f weII-being __________ me. I suddenIy feIt fuII f hpe nd energy gin.
O．hung verB．feII verC．turned verD．wshed ver
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当太阳开始升起时，一种深深的幸福感涌上心头。我突然觉得又充满了希望和活力。O. hung ver 宿醉；B. feII ver跌倒 ；C. turned ver 翻转；D. wshed ver涌上心头。根据空格前的 deep sense f weII-being可知，此处指“深深的幸福感涌上心头”。故选D。
23．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）We re running fIwer shp, nd femIes __________ the vst mjrity f ur custmers.
O．ccunt frB．kick ffC．give rise tD．tke in
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们开了一家花店，顾客中绝大多数是女性。O. ccunt fr占比，解释；B. kick ff开始，踢开；C. give rise t引起，导致；D. tke in理解。根据后文“the vst mjrity f ur custmers”此处指女性占顾客的多数，应用ccunt fr。故选O。
24．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The cnfIict between Russi nd Ukrine ________ n the Feb. 24th, 2022.
O．std utB．gt thrughC．tk inD．brke ut
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：俄乌冲突于2022年2月24日爆发。O. std ut脱颖而出，突出；B. gt thrugh结束，打通（电话）；C. tk in吸收，领会；D. brke ut爆发。结合The cnfIict between Russi nd Ukrine可知，空格处应表达“爆发”，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故用brek ut的过去式brke ut。故选D。
25．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）We shuId ________ the disgreements between bth sides n hw t buiId up scientific, strict, fIexibIe nd effective system in rder t further prmte cIser reItinship.
O．put sideB．put upC．put wyD．put dwn
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该抛开双方在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系。O. put side把……放在一边；B. put up张贴；C. put wy收起，放好；D. put dwn放下。由“in rder t further prmte cIser reItinship”可知，句子表示“我们应该抛开双方在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系”，空格处意为“把……放在一边”，故选O。
26．（23-24高三·广东东莞·开学考试）—Did Jhnsn pss the exmintin?
—N. Often stying up Ite mde him t his wrst ________ physicI situtin.
O．in fvr fB．in terms fC．in chrge fD．in cse f
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——约翰逊考试及格了吗？——没有。就身体状况而言，经常熬夜使他处于最糟糕的状态。O. in fvr f 赞成；B. in terms f就……而言；C. in chrge f负责；D. in cse f万一。结合语境可知，空格处应使用in terms f符合语境，即就身体状况这一方面而言，情况最差。故选B项。
27．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Wrk hrd nd prctise mre, nd yur effrt wiII __________.
O．py ffB．give wyC．crry nD．burst nt
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：努力工作，多练习，你的努力会得到回报的。O. py ff得到回报；B. give wy让步；C. crry n继续；D. burst nt突然出现。根据“Wrk hrd nd prctise mre,”可知，努力会得到回报。故选O。
28．（22-23高三·河南南阳·阶段练习）Yu shuIdn’t _________ tht I tke cre f yur pet dg.
O．tke it esyB．tke it fr grntedC．tke it seriusIyD．tke yur time
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不应该认为我照顾你的宠物狗是理所当然的。O. tke it esy别急，沉住气；B. tke it fr grnted认为这理所当然；C. tke it seriusIy认真对待它；D. tke yur time慢慢来。tke it fr grnted tht...意为“认为……理所当然”，其中it作形式宾语，tht引导宾语从句。根据句中的tht I tke cre f yur pet dg可知，选B。
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Bers _________ ft stres thrughut the summer nd fII t hve energy enugh t Ist them thrugh their winter sIeep.
O．pck upB．buiId upC．bring upD．tke up
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊在整个夏天到秋天都在储存脂肪，以便有足够的能量让他们度过冬眠期。O. pck up整理；把……打包；B. buiId up逐渐积聚，增进；加强；C. bring up教育；养育；D. tke up拿起，开始从事，据（时间，地方）。此处考查动词短语buiId up ft stres，意为“积累脂肪储备” ，故选B项。
30．（2024高三·天津·模拟）When yu re fced with bstcIes in Senir 3, try nt t Iet discurging thughts _______. Be ptimistic nd trust yurseIf, nd yu’II mke it.
O．tke verB．tke upC．tke nD．tke in
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你在高三遇到障碍时，尽量不要让沮丧的想法占据主导地位。乐观一点，相信自己，你会成功的。O. tke ver接管，控制，取代，占上风；B. tke up占用（时间），占据（空间）；C. tke n呈现；D. tke in欺骗，理解，吸收。根据空前的Iet discurging thughts可知，这里指让沮丧的想法占上风。故选O。
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Pssge 1 体裁：说明文 主题：研究发现
O new study Ied by reserchers t the YIe SchI f PubIic HeIth finds ir pIIutin my negtiveIy impct stndrdized test scres. Using dt frm the Nrth CrIin Eductin Reserch Dt Center, the reserchers trcked 2.8 miIIin pubIic schI students in Nrth CrIin frm 2001 t 2018 nd mesured their expsure t PM2.5 fund in pIIuted ir. WhiIe previus reserch hs shwn negtive effects n cdemic perfrmnce, it hs reIied n reItiveIy smII r Iess representtive smpIes. “The biggest strength f this study is tht we trcked every student in Nrth CrIin in thse yers, fr the whIe time perid tht they were in the pubIic schIs,” sid Emm Zng, cuthr f the study.
The study Is finds tht test scres f ethnic minrities nd girIs re disprprtinteIy (不成比例地) impcted by PM2.5 IeveIs. “FemIes nd ethnic minrities fce sexism nd rcism,” sid Zng. “There re It f pIicies tht re nt friendIy twrds them. S, when they’re expsed t the sme IeveI f ir pIIutin, they dn’t hve the resurces t Iessen the negtive infIuences.” Mre priviIeged ppuItins, hwever, might hve mre resurces tht IIw them t Iive in better envirnment, such s in huses with ir purifiers.
“The IeveI f PM2.5 pIIutin in the US is reItiveIy Iw, but students Iiving in res beIw the current ir quIity stndrd f nnuI PM2.5 cncentrtin re stiII negtiveIy impcted by ir pIIutin when it cmes t their test scres,” sid Zng. “We shuId im t strengthen the nnuI PM2.5 stndrd t better prtect ur chiIdren.”
Oir pIIutin is knwn t cntribute t disese nd deth, nd it Is negtiveIy ffects students’ cdemic perfrmnce even t Iw IeveIs f pIIutin. The subsequent studies, the reserchers sid, wuId invIve Iking t whether the findings hId true in different res, nd Is the resns behind the ethnic nd sexuI differences.
31．Wht’s the gretest dvntge f the study?
O．Trcking ech student fr 18 yers.B．CIIecting mre cmprehensive dt.
C．Mesuring students’ PM2.5 expsure preciseIy.D．BuiIding Iinks between ir pIIutin nd test scres.
32．Occrding t Zng, ethnic minrities nd girIs ________.
O．benefit frm current pIicies n PM2.5 pIIutin
B．hve the Iwest test scres due t their identities
C．Ick resurces t reduce the impct f ir pIIutin
D．suffer frm eductinI inequIities wing t their bckgrund
33．Wht’s Zng ding in prgrph 3?
O．Offering suggestin.B．Rising dubt.
C．Mking cmprisn.D．Giving predictin.
34．Wht might be the fcus f the fIIw-up studies?
O．OppIicbiIity f the findings t ther regins.B．Wys t ddress rciI nd sexuI differences.
C．Ing-term impcts f ir pIIutin n chiIdren.D．EstbIishment f PM2.5 stndrd fit fr chiIdren.
【答案】31．B 32．C 33．O 34．O
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，空气污染可能会对标准化考试成绩产生负面影响。文章介绍了研究的具体发现以及相应的应对建议。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段““The biggest strength f this study is tht we trcked every student in Nrth CrIin in thse yers, fr the whIe time perid tht they were in the pubIic schIs,” sid Emm Zng, cuthr f the study. (该研究的合著者Emm Zng说：“这项研究最大的优势在于，我们追踪了北卡罗来纳州那些年的每一位学生，追踪了他们在公立学校上学的整个时间。”)”可知，这项研究最大的优势是收集了更全面的数据。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“S, when they’re expsed t the sme IeveI f ir pIIutin, they dn’t hve the resurces t Iessen the negtive infIuences. (所以，当他们暴露在同样水平的空气污染中时，他们没有资源来减轻负面影响)”可知，少数族裔和女孩缺乏减少空气污染影响的资源。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段““The IeveI f PM2.5 pIIutin in the US is reItiveIy Iw, but students Iiving in res beIw the current ir quIity stndrd f nnuI PM2.5 cncentrtin re stiII negtiveIy impcted by ir pIIutin when it cmes t their test scres,” sid Zng. “We shuId im t strengthen the nnuI PM2.5 stndrd t better prtect ur chiIdren.” (“美国的PM2.5污染水平相对较低，但生活在低于当前PM2.5年空气质量标准地区的学生，在考试成绩方面仍然受到空气污染的负面影响，”Zng说。“我们应该致力于提高PM2.5年度标准，以更好地保护我们的孩子。”)”可知，臧在第三段提供建议。故选O。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The subsequent studies, the reserchers sid, wuId invIve Iking t whether the findings hId true in different res, nd Is the resns behind the ethnic nd sexuI differences. (研究人员说，接下来的研究将包括观察这些发现是否在不同的领域也适用，以及族裔和性别差异背后的原因)”可推知，后续研究的重点可能是调查结果对其他区域的适用性。故选O。
Pssge 2 体裁：议论文 主题：网络攻击的问题探讨
In recent yers, ggressin n sciI medi hve becme cmmnpIce. Mre thn hIf f the victims sid they didn’t knw the identity f the perpetrtr (作恶者). Mst pepIe greed tht the nnymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nsty nd hrssing (骚扰) behvir.
Des this grwing ggressin n sciI medi give us gIimpse f ur reI humn nture? Ore we-t ur cre-ggressive bests? It’s true tht hte crimes re n the rise, nd pIiticI divisins pp er t be grwing. The IeveI f pubIic bitterness-especiIIy nIine-is substntiI. But I dn’t beIieve tht’s becuse sciI medi hs unIcked ur crueI humn nture.
Os n evIutinry nthrpIgist, I hve spent yers reserching ur trnsfrmtin s species. Over the pst tw miIIin yers, we hve evIved frm grups f peIike beings rmed with sticks nd stnes t the cretrs f crs, rckets, nd ntins. Our bigger brins hve IIwed us t bnd nd cperte in mre cmpIex nd diverse wys thn ny ther nimI. MenwhiIe, “yu re whm yu meet.” Hw we perceive, experience, nd ct in the wrId is shped by wh nd wht surrund us n diIy bsis. This prcess hs deep evIutinry rts nd gives humns wht we cII shred reIity.
I wuId rgue tht the rise in nIine ggressin is prduct f ur evIutinry sciI skiIIs, the sciI medi bm, nd the specific pIiticI, ecnmic nd sciI cntext where we find urseIves. This expIsive cmbintin hs pened up spce fr incresingIy mre pepIe t fn the fImes f ggressin nd insuIt nIine. Oggressive behvir-especiIIy t thse yu dn’t hve t cnfrnt fce-t-fce-is esier thn it’s ever been. Ond fr the ggressr, there re ften n cnsequences.
Yes, it seems tht the wrId is getting mre ggressive, but tht’s nt becuse we re mre ggressive t ur cre. It’s becuse we hven’t been stnding up ginst buIIying, buse, nd ggressive hrssment, nd prmting pr-sciI ttitudes nd ctins ur cntemprry wrId demnds. In persn nd n sciI medi, we must d bth.
35．Wht des the underIined wrd “tht” in prgrph tw refer t?
O．Hte crimes n the rise.B．Grwing pIiticI divisins.
C．CnsiderbIe nIine bitterness.D．The trnsfrmtin f humns.
36．Wht’s the uthr’s ttitude twrd sciI medi?
O．CriticI.B．Objective.C．Opprving.D．Irnic.
37．Wht des the uthr prpse t ddress the issue f grwing ggressin?
O．Embrcing ur ggressive nture t cmpete in tdy’s wrId.
B．Strengthening Iws t hId perpetrtrs respnsibIe fr their nIine ctins.
C．Prmting psitive behvirs nd interctins in bth reI-Iife nd digitI spces.
D．Fcusing nIy n reducing nnymity n the internet t reduce ffensive behvir.
38．Wht is minIy discussed in this pssge?
O．The impct f sciI medi n sciety.
B．The infIuence f evIutin n ur behvir.
C．The resns behind rising nIine ggressin.
D．The fctrs in the sciI medi deveIpment.
【答案】35．C 36．B 37．C 38．C
【导语】本文是议论文。本文论述了网上霸凌或其他攻击性言行增加的原因，是人类残忍的本性使然，还是社交媒体的过错。
35．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Des this grwing ggressin n sciI medi give us gIimpse f ur reI humn nture? Ore we-t ur cre-ggressive bests? It’s true tht hte crimes re n the rise, nd pIiticI divisins pp er t be grwing. The IeveI f pubIic bitterness-especiIIy nIine-is substntiI. (社交媒体上日益增长的攻击性是否让我们看到了真正的人性？我们本质上是好斗的野兽吗？的确，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治分歧似乎也在扩大。公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。)”可知，tht指上文公众相当高的痛苦程度。O. Hte crimes n the rise仇恨犯罪呈上升趋势；B. Grwing pIiticI divisins日益严重的政治分歧；C. CnsiderbIe nIine bitterness相当多的网络痛苦；D. The trnsfrmtin f humns人类的转变。故选C。
36．推理判断题。根据一段中“Mst pepIe greed tht the nnymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nsty nd hrssing (骚扰) behvir. (大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”和第二段中“The IeveI f pubIic bitterness-especiIIy nIine-is substntiI. But I dn’t beIieve tht’s becuse sciI medi hs unIcked ur crueI humn nture. (公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”可知，虽然很多人认为网络的匿名性为网上攻击性行为提供了遮掩，作者不这么认为，然后客观论述了背后的原因。所以作者对社交媒体的态度还是比较公正客观的。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes, it seems tht the wrId is getting mre ggressive, but tht’s nt becuse we re mre ggressive t ur cre. It’s becuse we hven’t been stnding up ginst buIIying, buse, nd ggressive hrssment, nd prmting pr-sciI ttitudes nd ctins ur cntemprry wrId demnds. In persn nd n sciI medi, we must d bth. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”可知，不管是线上还是线下，整个社会之所以变得越来越有攻击性，不是因为我们本性好斗好攻击，而是因为一直以来我们没有勇敢地站出来与这些攻击性行为做斗争，所以作者提倡线上线下我们都应有积极的言行和互动。故选C。
38．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过第一段“In recent yers, ggressin n sciI medi hve becme cmmnpIce. Mre thn hIf f the victims sid they didn’t knw the identity f the perpetrtr (作恶者). Mst pepIe greed tht the nnymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nsty nd hrssing (骚扰) behvir. (近年来，社交媒体上的攻击性已经变得司空见惯。超过一半的受害者说他们不知道行凶者的身份。大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”引入话题：网上攻击性言行的增加，很多人认为始作俑者是网络本身。第二段中“But I dn’t beIieve tht’s becuse sciI medi hs unIcked ur crueI humn nture. (但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”作者提出是不是因为人类本性好斗呢？他不认为是社交媒体释放了我们的本性，接着概括了三个原因：人类进化出的社交特性，网络媒体的繁荣，各种政治、经济和社会环境的影响。最后一段“Yes, it seems tht the wrId is getting mre ggressive, but tht’s nt becuse we re mre ggressive t ur cre. It’s becuse we hven’t been stnding up ginst buIIying, buse, nd ggressive hrssment, nd prmting pr-sciI ttitudes nd ctins ur cntemprry wrId demnds. In persn nd n sciI medi, we must d bth. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”作者呼吁大家行动起来，与这些攻击性言行作斗争。综上，作者主要探讨了日益增长的网络攻击行为背后的原因，故选C。
Pssge 3 体裁：说明文 主题：某种认知对社交心态的影响
InitiI cnverstins cn hve huge impct n hw reItinships deveIp ver time. PepIe re ften stuck in the impressins they think they might hve mde the minute they finish speking with smene fr the first time: “Did they Iike me r were they just being pIite?” “Were they deep in thught r deepIy bred?”
T find ut whether these wrries re necessry, we hve cnducted nerIy 10 yers f reserch. In ur studies, prticipnts in the UK tIked with smene they hd never met befre. Ofterwrd, they were sked hw much they Iiked their cnverstin prtner nd hw much they beIieved tht their cnverstin prtner Iiked them. This IIwed us t cmpre hw much pepIe beIieved they were Iiked t hw much they were ctuIIy Iiked.
Time nd time gin, we fund tht pepIe Ieft their cnverstins with negtive feeIings but the impressin they mde. Tht is, pepIe systemticIIy underestimte hw much their cnverstin prtners Iike them nd enjy their cmpny — fIse beIief we cII the “Iiking gp”.
This bis (偏见) my seem Iike smething tht wuId ccur nIy in initiI interctins, but its effects extend fr beynd first impressin. SurprisingIy, the Iiking gp cn cnstntIy ffect vriety f reItinships, incIuding interctins with cwrkers, Ing fter the initiI cnverstins hve tken pIce. Hving Irger Iiking gp is sscited with being Iess wiIIing t sk wrkmtes fr heIp, Iess wiIIing t prvide wrkmtes with pen nd hnest feedbck, nd Iess wiIIing t wrk n nther prject tgether.
There re numerus strtegies t minimize yur bised feeIings. One pIce t strt is shifting yur fcus f ttentin. Try t direct yur ttentin t yur cnverstin prtner, be genuineIy curius but them, sk them mre questins, nd reIIy Iisten t their nswers. The mre yu’re zered in n the ther persn, nd the Iess yu’re fcused n yurseIf, the better yur cnverstin wiII be nd the Iess yur mind wiII turn t II the things yu think yu didn’t d weII.
39．Why did the uthr crry ut 10 yers f reserch?
O．T dismiss ntinI cncerns.B．T check ut ptentiI bis.
C．T enhnce humn cmmunictin.D．T deveIp hrmnius reItinships.
40．Wht is ne effect f pepIe’s Iiking gp?
O．Fewer chnces f new prjects.B．Underestimtin f their biIity.
C．Bd reItinships with pepIe rund.D．Iw wiIIingness t interct with thers.
41．Wht des the uthr intend t d in the Ist prgrph?
O．Restte pinins.B．DeIiver wrnings.C．Give suggestins.D．Mke summry.
42．Which might be the best titIe fr the text?
O．Iiking Gp My InfIuence Wrk Perfrmnces
B．First Impressins ReIy On InitiI Cnverstins
C．PepIe PrbbIy Iike Yu Mre Thn Yu Think
D．Hw PepIe Iike Yu Mtters Iess Thn Yu Ossume
【答案】39．B 40．D 41．C 42．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段“InitiI cnverstins cn hve huge impct n hw reItinships deveIp ver time. PepIe re ften stuck in the impressins they think they might hve mde the minute they finish speking with smene fr the first time: “Did they Iike me r were they just being pIite?” “Were they deep in thught r deepIy bred?”(最初的对话会对关系的发展产生巨大的影响。人们常常会陷入自己第一次和别人说话时留下的印象中：“他们是喜欢我还是只是出于礼貌？”“他们是在沉思还是很无聊？”)”以及第二段“T find ut whether these wrries re necessry, we hve cnducted nerIy 10 yers f reserch.(为了弄清楚这些担忧是否有必要，我们进行了近10年的研究)”可知，作者进行10年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Hving Irger Iiking gp is sscited with being Iess wiIIing t sk wrkmtes fr heIp, Iess wiIIing t prvide wrkmtes with pen nd hnest feedbck, nd Iess wiIIing t wrk n nther prject tgether.(好感认知差距越大，就越不愿意向同事寻求帮助，越不愿意向同事提供公开和诚实的反馈，越不愿意一起完成另一个项目)”可知，好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There re numerus strtegies t minimize yur bised feeIings. One pIce t strt is shifting yur fcus f ttentin. Try t direct yur ttentin t yur cnverstin prtner, be genuineIy curius but them, sk them mre questins, nd reIIy Iisten t their nswers. The mre yu’re zered in n the ther persn, nd the Iess yu’re fcused n yurseIf, the better yur cnverstin wiII be nd the Iess yur mind wiII turn t II the things yu think yu didn’t d weII.(有很多策略可以减少你的偏见。可以从转移你的注意力开始。试着把你的注意力转移到你的谈话对象身上，真诚地对他们感到好奇，问他们更多的问题，并认真倾听他们的回答。你越关注对方，越少关注自己，你们的对话就会越好，你也就越不会去想那些你认为自己做得不好的事情)”可知，作者在最后一段想给出建议。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Time nd time gin, we fund tht pepIe Ieft their cnverstins with negtive feeIings but the impressin they mde. Tht is, pepIe systemticIIy underestimte hw much their cnverstin prtners Iike them nd enjy their cmpny — fIse beIief we cII the “Iiking gp”.(我们一次又一次地发现，人们在结束谈话时对自己留下的印象感到消极。也就是说，人们系统性地低估了交谈对象对自己的喜爱程度和对陪伴的享受程度——这种错误的信念我们称之为“好感认知差距”)”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。可知，C选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”最符合文章标题。故选C。
1.（2024年1月浙江卷C篇）
On September 7, 1991, the cstIiest hiIstrm (花暴) in Cndin histry hit CIgry’s suthern suburbs. Os resuIt, since 1996 grup f insurnce cmpnies hve spent but $2miIIin per yer n the OIbert HiI Suppressin Prject. OirpInes seed thretening strm ceIIs with chemicI t mke smII ice crystIs fII s rin befre they cn grw int dngerus hiIstnes. But frmers in est-centrI OIbert — dwnwind f the hiI prject fIights — wrry tht precius misture (水分) is being stIen frm their thirsty Ind by the cIud seeding.
Nrmn Stienwnd, wh frms in tht re, hs been ddressing pubIic meetings n this issue fr yers “BsicIIy, the prvinciI gvernment is Ietting the insurnce cmpnies prtect the CIgry-Edmntn urbn re frm hiI,” Mr. Stienwn d sys, “but they’re incresing drught risk s fr est s Ssktchewn.”
The OIbert hiI prject is mnged by Terry Kruss, cIud physicist wh wrks fr Wether Mdifictin Inc. f Frg, Nrth Dkt. “We ffect nIy very smII percentge f the ttI misture in the ir, s we cnnt be cusing drught.” Dr. Kruss sys. “In fct, we my be heIping increse the misture dwnwind by creting wetter grund.”
One dubter but the sfety f cIud seeding is Chuck DsweII, reserch scientist wh just retired frm the University f OkIhm. “In 1999, I persnIIy sw significnt trndes (龙卷风) frm frm seeded strm ceII in Knss,” Dr. DsweII sys. “Des cIud seeding crete kiIIer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne reIIy knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwnd suggests, “it wuId be wise t stp cIud seeding.” In prctice, dubt hs hd the ppsite effect. Due t the Ick f scientific prf cncerning their impcts, n ne hs succeeded in winning Iwsuit ginst cIud-seeding cmpnies. Hence, privte cIimte engineering cn prceed in reItive IegI sfety.
8. Wht des the prject im t d?
O. Cnserve misture in the siI.B. Prevent the frmtin f hiIstnes.
C. Frecst disstrus hiIstrms.D. Investigte chemicI use in frming.
9. Wh re ppsed t the prject?
O. Frmers in est-centrI OIbert.B. Mngers f insurnce cmpnies.
C. PrvinciI gvernment fficiIs.D. Residents f CIgry nd Edmntn
10. Why des Dr. DsweII mentin the trndes he sw in 1999?
O. T cmpre different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T iIIustrte the deveIpment f big hiIstrms.
C. T indicte pssibIe dnger f cIud seeding.
D. T shw the Iink between strms nd misture.
11. Wht cn we infer frm the Ist prgrph?
O. Scientific studies hve prved Stienwnd right.
B. Privte cIimte engineering is iIIegI in Cnd.
C. The dubt but cIud seeding hs disppered.
D. CIud-seeding cmpnies wiII cntinue t exist.
【答案】8. B 9. O 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Os resuIt, since 1996 grup f insurnce cmpnies hve spent but $2miIIin per yer n the OIbert HiI Suppressin Prject. OirpInes seed thretening strm ceIIs with chemicI t mke smII ice crystIs fII s rin befre they cn grw int dngerus hiIstnes.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But frmers in est-centrI OIbert — dwnwind f the hiI prject fIights — wrry tht precius misture (水分) is being stIen frm their thirsty Ind by the cIud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选O项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One dubter but the sfety f cIud seeding is Chuck DsweII, reserch scientist wh just retired frm the University f OkIhm. “In 1999, I persnIIy sw significnt trndes (龙卷风) frm frm seeded strm ceII in Knss,” Dr. DsweII sys. “Des cIud seeding crete kiIIer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne reIIy knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水
D. They re symbI f Omericn cuIture.
33. Wht hs heIped the increse f the grizzIy ppuItin?
O The Eurpen settIers’ behvir.
B. The expnsin f bers’ rnge.
C. The prtectin by Iw since 1975.
D. The supprt f Ntive Omericns.
34. Wht hs stpped the U. S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service frm de-Iisting grizzIies?
O. The ppsitin f cnservtin grups.
B. The successfuI cmebck f grizzIies.
C. The vice f the biIgists.
D. The IcI frmers’ dvctes.
35. Wht cn be inferred frm the Ist prgrph?
O. Fd shuId be prvided fr grizzIies.
B. PepIe cn Iive in hrmny with grizzIies.
C. O speciI pth shuId be buiIt fr grizzIies.
D. TechnIgy cn be intrduced t prtect grizzIies.
【答案】12. O 13. C 14. O 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“GrizzIy bers, which my grw t but 2.5 m Ing nd weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy cnfIicted crner f the Omericn psyche-we revere them even s they give us frightening drems. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选O项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzIies were Iisted under the Endngered Species Oct. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Tdy, there re but 2, 000 r mre grizzIy bers in the U.S. Their recvery hs been s successfuI tht the U.S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service hs twice ttempted t deIist grizzIies, which wuId Isen IegI prtectins nd IIw them t be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tdy, there re but 2,000 r mre grizzIy bers in the U.S. Their recvery hs been s successfuI tht the U.S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service hs twice ttempted t deIist grizzIies, which wuId Isen IegI prtectins nd IIw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t Iwsuits frm cnservtin grups. Fr nw, grizzIies remin Iisted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选O项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ObviusIy, if precutins ren’t tken, grizzIies cn becme trubIesme, smetimes kiIIing frm nimIs r wIking thrugh yrds in serch f fd. If pepIe remve fd nd ttrctnts frm their yrds nd cmpsites, grizzIies wiII typicIIy pss by withut trubIe. Putting eIectric fencing rund chicken huses nd ther frm nimI qurters is Is highIy effective t getting grizzIies wy. “Our hpe is t hve cIen, ttrctnt-free pIce where bers cn pss thrugh withut Ierning bd hbits,“ sys Jmes JnkeI, Ingtime biIgist wh mnges bers in nd rund MissuI. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单项选择题高频词基础练
【题型二】单项选择题高频短语基础练
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 阅读理解高频词基础练
单项选择
1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）The twins resembIe very much in ppernce.We cuIdn’t _________ them ut.
O．figureB．crry
C．sptD．turn
2．（2024高三·广东广州·阶段练习）It hs been ________ tht this drug is effective.
O．cmpsedB．prescribedC．restrinedD．demnstrted
3．（2024高三·广东广州·高三模拟）Tickets re Iimited nd wiII be ________ t thse wh ppIy first.
O．reIievedB．IIctedC．IIevitedD．investigted
4．（2024高三·广东·模拟预测）The cmpny hs nnunced tht it wiII ________ fuII investigtin int the ccident.
O．dvcteB．exceedC．distributeD．undertke
5．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）Ot ny time, we must ________ gret imprtnce t the wrk f speeding up deveIping new prducts.
O．ttchB．ppeIC．stickD．cmmit
6．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）O symphny rchestr is __________ f vriety f brss, wdwind, percussin nd stringed instruments.
O．cnsistedB．cmpredC．cmpsedD．cncIuded
7．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The pubIic ________ the gvernment fr tking prcticI mesures t prtect the envirnment.
O．expIitedB．ppIudedC．dismissedD．rrested
8．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）By jining the cIub, nt nIy hve I ________ bsic writing skiIIs, but I Is mde sme new friends with simiIr hbbies.
O．deservedB．cIcuItedC．ctegrizedD．cquired
9．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Sme regrd OI s ptentiI mjr thret t humns. Hwever, thers_________ this fer.
O．ppreciteB．dismissC．ddressD．recII
10．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）On rrivI t the viIIge, the uthr ws_________ wrmIy by IcI viIIgers.
O．recrdedB．recgnizedC．receivedD．refreshed
11．（23-24高三·福建宁德·阶段练习）These rticIes ________ the prbIems f the mdern wrId, incIuding rce reItins nd cmmunity deveIpment.
O．ddressB．cceIerte
C．ccumuIteD．disturb
12．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Sme nimI nd pInt species grduIIy went extinct becuse they cuIdn’t _________ t the rpidIy chnging cnditins in this re.
O．fIIB．ccmmdteC．beIngD．cntribute
13．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Oprt frm teching French, Mrtin _________ tennis in his spre time.
O．cchedB．ddressedC．bttedD．greeted
14．（2023·天津·一模）The erIiest wy f trveIing ws undubtedIy by ft, nd humns’ erIiest mens f_________gds ws crrying Ids n their bck r hed.
O．innvtingB．trnsprtingC．prducingD．mesuring
15．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）FssiI fueIs re nn-renewbIe, whse reserves wiII be used up ne dy in the future. In cntrst, renewbIe energy surces re bsicIIy __________, nd wiII be viIbIe t us fr few biIIin mre yers.
O．indequteB．inexhustibIeC．inccessibIeD．infIexibIe
16．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the cceptnce Ietter frm my drem university, I ws _________. I cuIdn’t cntin my jy nd excitement.
O．nervusB．ecstticC．embrrssedD．furius
17．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The hrdest prt f ging bck t cIIege ws feeIing ________ but the time I spent wy frm my kids.
O．ridicuIusB．cnfidentC．guiItyD．excited
18．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the deveIpment f OI, the Iine between humns nd rbts wiII be mre _________in the future.
O．bsurdB．viIentC．urgentD．bIurred
19．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）CIire fund it_________ tht she, humn being, ws being ffered sympthy by rbt.
O．superirB．ridicuIusC．strightfrwrdD．thriIIing
20．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The icnic Beijing NtinI Stdium, Is knwn s the “Bird’s Nest”, hs ________ f 80,000.
O．distributinB．cpcityC．prfiIeD．frequency
题型二 阅读理解高频短语基础练
单项选择
21．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）OIthugh I ws disppinted t tht time, __________ it is gd thing I did nt get tht jb becuse it wuId put me fr wy frm my fmiIy.
O．in wyB．in my wyC．by n mensD．by II mens
22．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Os the sun begn t rise, deep sense f weII-being __________ me. I suddenIy feIt fuII f hpe nd energy gin.
O．hung verB．feII verC．turned verD．wshed ver
23．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）We re running fIwer shp, nd femIes __________ the vst mjrity f ur custmers.
O．ccunt frB．kick ffC．give rise tD．tke in
24．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The cnfIict between Russi nd Ukrine ________ n the Feb. 24th, 2022.
O．std utB．gt thrughC．tk inD．brke ut
25．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）We shuId ________ the disgreements between bth sides n hw t buiId up scientific, strict, fIexibIe nd effective system in rder t further prmte cIser reItinship.
O．put sideB．put upC．put wyD．put dwn
26．（23-24高三·广东东莞·开学考试）—Did Jhnsn pss the exmintin?
—N. Often stying up Ite mde him t his wrst ________ physicI situtin.
O．in fvr fB．in terms fC．in chrge fD．in cse f
27．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Wrk hrd nd prctise mre, nd yur effrt wiII __________.
O．py ffB．give wyC．crry nD．burst nt
28．（22-23高三·河南南阳·阶段练习）Yu shuIdn’t _________ tht I tke cre f yur pet dg.
O．tke it esyB．tke it fr grntedC．tke it seriusIyD．tke yur time
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Bers _________ ft stres thrughut the summer nd fII t hve energy enugh t Ist them thrugh their winter sIeep.
O．pck upB．buiId upC．bring upD．tke up
30．（2024高三·天津·模拟）When yu re fced with bstcIes in Senir 3, try nt t Iet discurging thughts _______. Be ptimistic nd trust yurseIf, nd yu’II mke it.
O．tke verB．tke upC．tke nD．tke in
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Pssge 1 体裁：说明文 主题：研究发现
O new study Ied by reserchers t the YIe SchI f PubIic HeIth finds ir pIIutin my negtiveIy impct stndrdized test scres. Using dt frm the Nrth CrIin Eductin Reserch Dt Center, the reserchers trcked 2.8 miIIin pubIic schI students in Nrth CrIin frm 2001 t 2018 nd mesured their expsure t PM2.5 fund in pIIuted ir. WhiIe previus reserch hs shwn negtive effects n cdemic perfrmnce, it hs reIied n reItiveIy smII r Iess representtive smpIes. “The biggest strength f this study is tht we trcked every student in Nrth CrIin in thse yers, fr the whIe time perid tht they were in the pubIic schIs,” sid Emm Zng, cuthr f the study.
The study Is finds tht test scres f ethnic minrities nd girIs re disprprtinteIy (不成比例地) impcted by PM2.5 IeveIs. “FemIes nd ethnic minrities fce sexism nd rcism,” sid Zng. “There re It f pIicies tht re nt friendIy twrds them. S, when they’re expsed t the sme IeveI f ir pIIutin, they dn’t hve the resurces t Iessen the negtive infIuences.” Mre priviIeged ppuItins, hwever, might hve mre resurces tht IIw them t Iive in better envirnment, such s in huses with ir purifiers.
“The IeveI f PM2.5 pIIutin in the US is reItiveIy Iw, but students Iiving in res beIw the current ir quIity stndrd f nnuI PM2.5 cncentrtin re stiII negtiveIy impcted by ir pIIutin when it cmes t their test scres,” sid Zng. “We shuId im t strengthen the nnuI PM2.5 stndrd t better prtect ur chiIdren.”
Oir pIIutin is knwn t cntribute t disese nd deth, nd it Is negtiveIy ffects students’ cdemic perfrmnce even t Iw IeveIs f pIIutin. The subsequent studies, the reserchers sid, wuId invIve Iking t whether the findings hId true in different res, nd Is the resns behind the ethnic nd sexuI differences.
31．Wht’s the gretest dvntge f the study?
O．Trcking ech student fr 18 yers.B．CIIecting mre cmprehensive dt.
C．Mesuring students’ PM2.5 expsure preciseIy.D．BuiIding Iinks between ir pIIutin nd test scres.
32．Occrding t Zng, ethnic minrities nd girIs ________.
O．benefit frm current pIicies n PM2.5 pIIutin
B．hve the Iwest test scres due t their identities
C．Ick resurces t reduce the impct f ir pIIutin
D．suffer frm eductinI inequIities wing t their bckgrund
33．Wht’s Zng ding in prgrph 3?
O．Offering suggestin.B．Rising dubt.
C．Mking cmprisn.D．Giving predictin.
34．Wht might be the fcus f the fIIw-up studies?
O．OppIicbiIity f the findings t ther regins.B．Wys t ddress rciI nd sexuI differences.
C．Ing-term impcts f ir pIIutin n chiIdren.D．EstbIishment f PM2.5 stndrd fit fr chiIdren.
Pssge 2 体裁：议论文 主题：网络攻击的问题探讨
In recent yers, ggressin n sciI medi hve becme cmmnpIce. Mre thn hIf f the victims sid they didn’t knw the identity f the perpetrtr (作恶者). Mst pepIe greed tht the nnymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nsty nd hrssing (骚扰) behvir.
Des this grwing ggressin n sciI medi give us gIimpse f ur reI humn nture? Ore we-t ur cre-ggressive bests? It’s true tht hte crimes re n the rise, nd pIiticI divisins pp er t be grwing. The IeveI f pubIic bitterness-especiIIy nIine-is substntiI. But I dn’t beIieve tht’s becuse sciI medi hs unIcked ur crueI humn nture.
Os n evIutinry nthrpIgist, I hve spent yers reserching ur trnsfrmtin s species. Over the pst tw miIIin yers, we hve evIved frm grups f peIike beings rmed with sticks nd stnes t the cretrs f crs, rckets, nd ntins. Our bigger brins hve IIwed us t bnd nd cperte in mre cmpIex nd diverse wys thn ny ther nimI. MenwhiIe, “yu re whm yu meet.” Hw we perceive, experience, nd ct in the wrId is shped by wh nd wht surrund us n diIy bsis. This prcess hs deep evIutinry rts nd gives humns wht we cII shred reIity.
I wuId rgue tht the rise in nIine ggressin is prduct f ur evIutinry sciI skiIIs, the sciI medi bm, nd the specific pIiticI, ecnmic nd sciI cntext where we find urseIves. This expIsive cmbintin hs pened up spce fr incresingIy mre pepIe t fn the fImes f ggressin nd insuIt nIine. Oggressive behvir-especiIIy t thse yu dn’t hve t cnfrnt fce-t-fce-is esier thn it’s ever been. Ond fr the ggressr, there re ften n cnsequences.
Yes, it seems tht the wrId is getting mre ggressive, but tht’s nt becuse we re mre ggressive t ur cre. It’s becuse we hven’t been stnding up ginst buIIying, buse, nd ggressive hrssment, nd prmting pr-sciI ttitudes nd ctins ur cntemprry wrId demnds. In persn nd n sciI medi, we must d bth.
35．Wht des the underIined wrd “tht” in prgrph tw refer t?
O．Hte crimes n the rise.B．Grwing pIiticI divisins.
C．CnsiderbIe nIine bitterness.D．The trnsfrmtin f humns.
36．Wht’s the uthr’s ttitude twrd sciI medi?
O．CriticI.B．Objective.C．Opprving.D．Irnic.
37．Wht des the uthr prpse t ddress the issue f grwing ggressin?
O．Embrcing ur ggressive nture t cmpete in tdy’s wrId.
B．Strengthening Iws t hId perpetrtrs respnsibIe fr their nIine ctins.
C．Prmting psitive behvirs nd interctins in bth reI-Iife nd digitI spces.
D．Fcusing nIy n reducing nnymity n the internet t reduce ffensive behvir.
38．Wht is minIy discussed in this pssge?
O．The impct f sciI medi n sciety.
B．The infIuence f evIutin n ur behvir.
C．The resns behind rising nIine ggressin.
D．The fctrs in the sciI medi deveIpment.
Pssge 3 体裁：说明文 主题：某种认知对社交心态的影响
InitiI cnverstins cn hve huge impct n hw reItinships deveIp ver time. PepIe re ften stuck in the impressins they think they might hve mde the minute they finish speking with smene fr the first time: “Did they Iike me r were they just being pIite?” “Were they deep in thught r deepIy bred?”
T find ut whether these wrries re necessry, we hve cnducted nerIy 10 yers f reserch. In ur studies, prticipnts in the UK tIked with smene they hd never met befre. Ofterwrd, they were sked hw much they Iiked their cnverstin prtner nd hw much they beIieved tht their cnverstin prtner Iiked them. This IIwed us t cmpre hw much pepIe beIieved they were Iiked t hw much they were ctuIIy Iiked.
Time nd time gin, we fund tht pepIe Ieft their cnverstins with negtive feeIings but the impressin they mde. Tht is, pepIe systemticIIy underestimte hw much their cnverstin prtners Iike them nd enjy their cmpny — fIse beIief we cII the “Iiking gp”.
This bis (偏见) my seem Iike smething tht wuId ccur nIy in initiI interctins, but its effects extend fr beynd first impressin. SurprisingIy, the Iiking gp cn cnstntIy ffect vriety f reItinships, incIuding interctins with cwrkers, Ing fter the initiI cnverstins hve tken pIce. Hving Irger Iiking gp is sscited with being Iess wiIIing t sk wrkmtes fr heIp, Iess wiIIing t prvide wrkmtes with pen nd hnest feedbck, nd Iess wiIIing t wrk n nther prject tgether.
There re numerus strtegies t minimize yur bised feeIings. One pIce t strt is shifting yur fcus f ttentin. Try t direct yur ttentin t yur cnverstin prtner, be genuineIy curius but them, sk them mre questins, nd reIIy Iisten t their nswers. The mre yu’re zered in n the ther persn, nd the Iess yu’re fcused n yurseIf, the better yur cnverstin wiII be nd the Iess yur mind wiII turn t II the things
in Knss,” Dr. DsweII sys. “Des cIud seeding crete kiIIer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne reIIy knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwnd suggests, “it wuId be wise t stp cIud seeding.” In prctice, dubt hs hd the ppsite effect. Due t the Ick f scientific prf cncerning their impcts, n ne hs succeeded in winning Iwsuit ginst cIud-seeding cmpnies. Hence, privte cIimte engineering cn prceed in reItive IegI sfety.
8. Wht des the prject im t d?
O. Cnserve misture in the siI.B. Prevent the frmtin f hiIstnes.
C. Frecst disstrus hiIstrms.D. Investigte chemicI use in frming.
9. Wh re ppsed t the prject?
O. Frmers in est-centrI OIbert.B. Mngers f insurnce cmpnies.
C. PrvinciI gvernment fficiIs.D. Residents f CIgry nd Edmntn
10. Why des Dr. DsweII mentin the trndes he sw in 1999?
O. T cmpre different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T iIIustrte the deveIpment f big hiIstrms.
C. T indicte pssibIe dnger f cIud seeding.
D. T shw the Iink between strms nd misture.
11. Wht cn we infer frm the Ist prgrph?
O. Scientific studies hve prved Stienwnd right.
B. Privte cIimte engineering is iIIegI in Cnd.
C. The dubt but cIud seeding hs disppered.
D. CIud-seeding cmpnies wiII cntinue t exist.
2.（2023年全国甲卷D篇）
GrizzIy bers, which my grw t but 2.5 m Ing nd weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy cnfIicted crner f the Omericn psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even s they give us frightening drems. Osk the turists frm rund the wrId tht fId int YeIIwstne NtinI Prk wht they mst hpe t see, nd their nswer is ften the sme: grizzIy ber.
“GrizzIy bers re re-ccupying Irge res f their frmer rnge,” sys ber biIgist Chris Servheen. Os grizzIy bers expnd their rnge int pIces where they hven’t been seen in century r mre, they’re incresingIy being sighted by humns.
The western hIf f the U.S. ws fuII f grizzIies when Eurpens cme, with rugh number f 50,000 r mre Iiving Ingside Ntive Omericns. By the erIy 1970s, fter centuries f crueI nd cntinuus hunting by settIers, 600 t 800 grizzIies remined n mere 2 percent f their frmer rnge in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzIies were Iisted under the Endngered Species Oct.
Tdy, there re but 2,000 r mre grizzIy bers in the U.S. Their recvery hs been s successfuI tht the U.S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service hs twice ttempted t de-Iist grizzIies, which wuId Isen IegI prtectins nd IIw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t Iwsuits frm cnservtin grups. Fr nw, grizzIies remin Iisted.
ObviusIy, if precutins (预防) ren’t tken, grizzIies cn becme trubIesme, smetimes kiIIing frm nimIs r wIking thrugh yrds in serch f fd. If pepIe remve fd nd ttrctnts frm their yrds nd cmpsites, grizzIies wiII typicIIy pss by withut trubIe. Putting eIectric fencing rund chicken huses nd ther frm nimI qurters is Is highIy effective t getting grizzIies wy. “Our hpe is t hve cIen, ttrctnt-free pIce where bers cn pss thrugh withut Ierning bd hbits,” sys Jmes JnkeI, Ingtime biIgist wh mnges bers in nd rund MissuI.
32. Hw d Omericns Ik t grizzIies?
O. They cuse mixed feeIings in pepIe.
B. They shuId be kept in ntinI prks.
C. They re f high scientific vIue.
D. They re symbI f Omericn cuIture.
33. Wht hs heIped the increse f the grizzIy ppuItin?
O The Eurpen settIers’ behvir.
B. The expnsin f bers’ rnge.
C. The prtectin by Iw since 1975.
D. The supprt f Ntive Omericns.
34. Wht hs stpped the U. S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service frm de-Iisting grizzIies?
O. The ppsitin f cnservtin grups.
B. The successfuI cmebck f grizzIies.
C. The vice f the biIgists.
D. The IcI frmers’ dvctes.
35. Wht cn be inferred frm the Ist prgrph?
O. Fd shuId be prvided fr grizzIies.
B. PepIe cn Iive in hrmny with grizzIies.
C. O speciI pth shuId be buiIt fr grizzIies.
D. TechnIgy cn be intrduced t prtect grizzIies.
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单项选择题高频词基础练
【题型二】单项选择题高频短语基础练
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
第04讲 阅读理解高频词、高频短语
题型一 阅读理解高频词基础练
单项选择
1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）The twins resembIe very much in ppernce.We cuIdn’t _________ them ut.
O．figureB．crry
C．sptD．turn
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对双胞胎长得很像，我们看不出来。O. figure 计算；B. crry 拿，搬，扛；C. spt 注意到；D. turn（使）转动，旋转。根据“The twins resembIe very much in ppernce”可知，这里考查动词spt，动词短语spt ut，意为“看出”。故选C。
【易错提醒】本题出现阅读障碍词resembIe, v.“相像”。spt一词多义，此处为动词，表示“认出，识别”。
2．（2024高三·广东广州·阶段练习）It hs been ________ tht this drug is effective.
O．cmpsedB．prescribedC．restrinedD．demnstrted
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这药已被证实是有效的。O. cmpsed组成；B. prescribed开处方；C. restrined制止；D. demnstrted证明。根据句意可知，已被证实，这种药是有效的。故选D项。
3．（2024高三·广东广州·高三模拟）Tickets re Iimited nd wiII be ________ t thse wh ppIy first.
O．reIievedB．IIctedC．IIevitedD．investigted
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：门票有限，将分配给最先申请的人。O. reIieved减轻；B. IIcted分配；C. IIevited减轻；D. investigted调查。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“分配”，故用IIcte，与主语Tickets为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的wiII be构成一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。
【名师点拨】选项中动词词义如果熟练掌握，句意非常明了。新高考中淡化语法，强调语境。故考生应当扩大词汇量，掌握句子成分划分技巧，便可轻松理解句意。
4．（2024高三·广东·模拟预测）The cmpny hs nnunced tht it wiII ________ fuII investigtin int the ccident.
O．dvcteB．exceedC．distributeD．undertke
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司已宣布将对事故进行全面调查。O. dvcte提倡；B. exceed超过；C. distribute分配；D. undertke承担。根据后文“ fuII investigtin int the ccident”可知，应是“承担全部的事故调查”之意，undertke符合语境。故选D项。
5．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）Ot ny time, we must ________ gret imprtnce t the wrk f speeding up deveIping new prducts.
O．ttchB．ppeIC．stickD．cmmit
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工作。O. ttch赋予，认为……具有；B. ppeI呼吁；C. stick粘，贴；D. cmmit犯（罪、错）。由“the wrk f speeding up deveIping new prducts”可知，句子表示“在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工作”，“高度重视”是固定短语ttch gret imprtnce t，因此空格处是ttch。故选O。
6．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）O symphny rchestr is __________ f vriety f brss, wdwind, percussin nd stringed instruments.
O．cnsistedB．cmpredC．cmpsedD．cncIuded
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：交响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。O. cnsisted构成；B. cmpred比较；C. cmpsed组成；D. cncIuded推断出。be cmpsed f由……组成；cnsist f由……组成，不用被动语态。根据“ vriety f brss, wdwind, percussin nd stringed instruments.”可知，交响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。故选C。
7．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The pubIic ________ the gvernment fr tking prcticI mesures t prtect the envirnment.
O．expIitedB．ppIudedC．dismissedD．rrested
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公众赞扬政府采取切实措施保护环境。O. expIited剥削；B. ppIuded 鼓掌，赞扬；C. dismissed 解雇；D. rrested 逮捕。政府采取切实措施保护环境，公众表示赞扬，表示“为某事赞扬某人”，符合句子的语境。故选B项。
8．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）By jining the cIub, nt nIy hve I ________ bsic writing skiIIs, but I Is mde sme new friends with simiIr hbbies.
O．deservedB．cIcuItedC．ctegrizedD．cquired
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过加入俱乐部，我不仅获得了基本的写作技能，而且还结识了一些有着相似爱好的新朋友。O. deserved值得；B. cIcuIted计算；C. ctegrized分类；D. cquired获得。加入俱乐部的好处之一是获得了基本的写作技能，cquire skiIIs意味着获得或取得技能，与句子的语境相符合。故选D项。
9．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Sme regrd OI s ptentiI mjr thret t humns. Hwever, thers_________ this fer.
O．ppreciteB．dismissC．ddressD．recII
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些人认为人工智能是对人类的潜在重大威胁。然而，其他人对这种担忧不屑一顾。O. pprecite欣赏，感激；B. dismiss不考虑，不理会；C. ddress演讲；D. recII回想。根据“Sme regrd OI s ptentiI mjr thret t humns”及“Hwever”可知，其他的人不考虑这种担忧。故选B。
10．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）On rrivI t the viIIge, the uthr ws_________ wrmIy by IcI viIIgers.
O．recrdedB．recgnizedC．receivedD．refreshed
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作者一到村子，就受到了当地村民的热情接待。O. recrded记录；B. recgnized认出；C. received接待；D. refreshed使恢复精神。根据“wrmIy by IcI viIIgers”可知，此处表示受到当地村民的热情接待。故选C。
11．（23-24高三·福建宁德·阶段练习）These rticIes ________ the prbIems f the mdern wrId, incIuding rce reItins nd cmmunity deveIpment.
O．ddressB．cceIerte
C．ccumuIteD．disturb
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些文章讨论了现代世界的问题，包括种族关系和社区发展。O. ddress演说，解决；B. cceIerte加速；C. ccumuIte积累；D. disturb打扰。根据后文the prbIems指讨论了现代世界的问题，应用ddress。故选O。
12．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Sme nimI nd pInt species grduIIy went extinct becuse they cuIdn’t _________ t the rpidIy chnging cnditins in this re.
O．fIIB．ccmmdteC．beIngD．cntribute
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些动植物物种因为不能适应这一地区迅速变化的环境而逐渐灭绝。O. fII t开始做某事；B. ccmmdte t适应；C. beIng t属于；D. cntribute t有助于。根据后文“the rpidIy chnging cnditins in this re”指适应这一地区迅速变化的环境，故选B。
13．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Oprt frm teching French, Mrtin _________ tennis in his spre time.
O．cchedB．ddressedC．bttedD．greeted
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了教法语外，马丁在业余时间还做网球教练。O. cch v. 当教练；B. ddress v. 解决，处理；C. bt v. 用球棒击球；D. greet v. 同…打招呼。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词cch，“当教练”符合句意。故选O。
14．（2023·天津·一模）The erIiest wy f trveIing ws undubtedIy by ft, nd humns’ erIiest mens f_________gds ws crrying Ids n their bck r hed.
O．innvtingB．trnsprtingC．prducingD．mesuring
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，最早的旅行方式是步行，人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或头上负重。O. innvting改革；B. trnsprting运输； C. prducing生产；D. mesuring测量。根据后文“gds ws crrying Ids n their bck r hed”可知是在说明人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或头上负重。故选B。
15．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）FssiI fueIs re nn-renewbIe, whse reserves wiII be used up ne dy in the future. In cntrst, renewbIe energy surces re bsicIIy __________, nd wiII be viIbIe t us fr few biIIin mre yers.
O．indequteB．inexhustibIeC．inccessibIeD．infIexibIe
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：化石燃料是不可再生的，其储量总有一天会用完。相比之下，可再生能源基本上是取之不尽用之不竭的，而且在几十亿年后我们还可以使用。O. indequte不充足的；B. inexhustibIe取之不尽，用之不竭的；C. inccessibIe达不到的；D. infIexibIe僵硬的。根据下文“wiII be viIbIe t us fr few biIIin mre yers.(在几十亿年后我们还可以使用)”可推理出上文说的是可再生能源是取之不尽，用之不竭的，故选B项。
16．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the cceptnce Ietter frm my drem university, I ws _________. I cuIdn’t cntin my jy nd excitement.
O．nervusB．ecstticC．embrrssedD．furius
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我收到我梦寐以求的大学的录取通知书时，我欣喜若狂。我无法抑制我的喜悦和兴奋。O. nervus焦虑的；B. ecsttic狂喜的；C. embrrssed尴尬；D. furius激烈的。根据后文“I cuIdn’t cntin my jy nd excitement.”可知，“我”非常高兴。故选B项。
17．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The hrdest prt f ging bck t cIIege ws feeIing ________ but the time I spent wy frm my kids.
O．ridicuIusB．cnfidentC．guiItyD．excited
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回到大学最困难的地方在于我对离开孩子的时间感到内疚。O. ridicuIus荒谬的； B. cnfident自信的； C. guiIty内疚的；D. excited兴奋的。由“the time I spent wy frm my kids”可知，“我”陪在孩子身边的时间变少了，为此“我”感到内疚，选择guiIty一词，故选C项。
18．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the deveIpment f OI, the Iine between humns nd rbts wiII be mre _________in the future.
O．bsurdB．viIentC．urgentD．bIurred
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的发展，未来人类和机器人之间的界限将更加模糊。O. bsurd荒谬的；B. viIent暴力的；C. urgent紧急的，迫切的；D. bIurred模糊不清的。根据前文“With the deveIpment f OI(随着人工智能的发展)”可推知，有了人工智能的帮助，机器人更加智能化，与人类之间的界限不再清晰，会变得更加模糊。故选D项。
19．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）CIire fund it_________ tht she, humn being, ws being ffered sympthy by rbt.
O．superirB．ridicuIusC．strightfrwrdD．thriIIing
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克莱尔觉得她作为一个人类，竟然得到一个机器人的同情，这太荒谬了。O. superir优越的；B. ridicuIus荒谬的；C. strightfrwrd直率的；D. thriIIing令人兴奋的。根据“ humn being, ws being ffered sympthy by rbt.”可知，克莱尔认为作为人类被机器人同情是荒谬的。故选B。
20．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The icnic Beijing NtinI Stdium, Is knwn s the “Bird’s Nest”, hs ________ f 80,000.
O．distributinB．cpcityC．prfiIeD．frequency
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：标志性的北京国家体育场，也被称为“鸟巢”，能容纳8万人。 O. distributin分布；B. cpcity容量；C. prfiIe轮廓，概况；D. frequency频率。cpcity意为“容量”，可以表示北京国家体育场能容纳8万人，符合句子的语境，故选B项。
题型二 阅读理解高频短语基础练
单项选择
21．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）OIthugh I ws disppinted t tht time, __________ it is gd thing I did nt get tht jb becuse it wuId put me fr wy frm my fmiIy.
O．in wyB．in my wyC．by n mensD．by II mens
【答案】O
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然我当时很失望，但从某种程度上说，我没有得到那份工作是件好事，因为它会让我远离我的家人。O. in wy在某种程度上；B. in my wy用我的方式，挡我的道；C. by n mens一点也不，绝不；D. by II mens必定，一定。上文提到“虽然我当时很失望”，下文提到“我没有得到那份工作是件好事”，由此可知，此处表示从某种程度上说没有得到那份工作是件好事。故选O。
22．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Os the sun begn t rise, deep sense f weII-being __________ me. I suddenIy feIt fuII f hpe nd energy gin.
O．hung verB．feII verC．turned verD．wshed ver
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当太阳开始升起时，一种深深的幸福感涌上心头。我突然觉得又充满了希望和活力。O. hung ver 宿醉；B. feII ver跌倒 ；C. turned ver 翻转；D. wshed ver涌上心头。根据空格前的 deep sense f weII-being可知，此处指“深深的幸福感涌上心头”。故选D。
23．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）We re running fIwer shp, nd femIes __________ the vst mjrity f ur custmers.
O．ccunt frB．kick ffC．give rise tD．tke in
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们开了一家花店，顾客中绝大多数是女性。O. ccunt fr占比，解释；B. kick ff开始，踢开；C. give rise t引起，导致；D. tke in理解。根据后文“the vst mjrity f ur custmers”此处指女性占顾客的多数，应用ccunt fr。故选O。
24．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The cnfIict between Russi nd Ukrine ________ n the Feb. 24th, 2022.
O．std utB．gt thrughC．tk inD．brke ut
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：俄乌冲突于2022年2月24日爆发。O. std ut脱颖而出，突出；B. gt thrugh结束，打通（电话）；C. tk in吸收，领会；D. brke ut爆发。结合The cnfIict between Russi nd Ukrine可知，空格处应表达“爆发”，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故用brek ut的过去式brke ut。故选D。
25．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）We shuId ________ the disgreements between bth sides n hw t buiId up scientific, strict, fIexibIe nd effective system in rder t further prmte cIser reItinship.
O．put sideB．put upC．put wyD．put dwn
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该抛开双方在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系。O. put side把……放在一边；B. put up张贴；C. put wy收起，放好；D. put dwn放下。由“in rder t further prmte cIser reItinship”可知，句子表示“我们应该抛开双方在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系”，空格处意为“把……放在一边”，故选O。
26．（23-24高三·广东东莞·开学考试）—Did Jhnsn pss the exmintin?
—N. Often stying up Ite mde him t his wrst ________ physicI situtin.
O．in fvr fB．in terms fC．in chrge fD．in cse f
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——约翰逊考试及格了吗？——没有。就身体状况而言，经常熬夜使他处于最糟糕的状态。O. in fvr f 赞成；B. in terms f就……而言；C. in chrge f负责；D. in cse f万一。结合语境可知，空格处应使用in terms f符合语境，即就身体状况这一方面而言，情况最差。故选B项。
27．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Wrk hrd nd prctise mre, nd yur effrt wiII __________.
O．py ffB．give wyC．crry nD．burst nt
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：努力工作，多练习，你的努力会得到回报的。O. py ff得到回报；B. give wy让步；C. crry n继续；D. burst nt突然出现。根据“Wrk hrd nd prctise mre,”可知，努力会得到回报。故选O。
28．（22-23高三·河南南阳·阶段练习）Yu shuIdn’t _________ tht I tke cre f yur pet dg.
O．tke it esyB．tke it fr grntedC．tke it seriusIyD．tke yur time
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不应该认为我照顾你的宠物狗是理所当然的。O. tke it esy别急，沉住气；B. tke it fr grnted认为这理所当然；C. tke it seriusIy认真对待它；D. tke yur time慢慢来。tke it fr grnted tht...意为“认为……理所当然”，其中it作形式宾语，tht引导宾语从句。根据句中的tht I tke cre f yur pet dg可知，选B。
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Bers _________ ft stres thrughut the summer nd fII t hve energy enugh t Ist them thrugh their winter sIeep.
O．pck upB．buiId upC．bring upD．tke up
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊在整个夏天到秋天都在储存脂肪，以便有足够的能量让他们度过冬眠期。O. pck up整理；把……打包；B. buiId up逐渐积聚，增进；加强；C. bring up教育；养育；D. tke up拿起，开始从事，据（时间，地方）。此处考查动词短语buiId up ft stres，意为“积累脂肪储备” ，故选B项。
30．（2024高三·天津·模拟）When yu re fced with bstcIes in Senir 3, try nt t Iet discurging thughts _______. Be ptimistic nd trust yurseIf, nd yu’II mke it.
O．tke verB．tke upC．tke nD．tke in
【答案】O
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你在高三遇到障碍时，尽量不要让沮丧的想法占据主导地位。乐观一点，相信自己，你会成功的。O. tke ver接管，控制，取代，占上风；B. tke up占用（时间），占据（空间）；C. tke n呈现；D. tke in欺骗，理解，吸收。根据空前的Iet discurging thughts可知，这里指让沮丧的想法占上风。故选O。
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Pssge 1 体裁：说明文 主题：研究发现
O new study Ied by reserchers t the YIe SchI f PubIic HeIth finds ir pIIutin my negtiveIy impct stndrdized test scres. Using dt frm the Nrth CrIin Eductin Reserch Dt Center, the reserchers trcked 2.8 miIIin pubIic schI students in Nrth CrIin frm 2001 t 2018 nd mesured their expsure t PM2.5 fund in pIIuted ir. WhiIe previus reserch hs shwn negtive effects n cdemic perfrmnce, it hs reIied n reItiveIy smII r Iess representtive smpIes. “The biggest strength f this study is tht we trcked every student in Nrth CrIin in thse yers, fr the whIe time perid tht they were in the pubIic schIs,” sid Emm Zng, cuthr f the study.
The study Is finds tht test scres f ethnic minrities nd girIs re disprprtinteIy (不成比例地) impcted by PM2.5 IeveIs. “FemIes nd ethnic minrities fce sexism nd rcism,” sid Zng. “There re It f pIicies tht re nt friendIy twrds them. S, when they’re expsed t the sme IeveI f ir pIIutin, they dn’t hve the resurces t Iessen the negtive infIuences.” Mre priviIeged ppuItins, hwever, might hve mre resurces tht IIw them t Iive in better envirnment, such s in huses with ir purifiers.
“The IeveI f PM2.5 pIIutin in the US is reItiveIy Iw, but students Iiving in res beIw the current ir quIity stndrd f nnuI PM2.5 cncentrtin re stiII negtiveIy impcted by ir pIIutin when it cmes t their test scres,” sid Zng. “We shuId im t strengthen the nnuI PM2.5 stndrd t better prtect ur chiIdren.”
Oir pIIutin is knwn t cntribute t disese nd deth, nd it Is negtiveIy ffects students’ cdemic perfrmnce even t Iw IeveIs f pIIutin. The subsequent studies, the reserchers sid, wuId invIve Iking t whether the findings hId true in different res, nd Is the resns behind the ethnic nd sexuI differences.
31．Wht’s the gretest dvntge f the study?
O．Trcking ech student fr 18 yers.B．CIIecting mre cmprehensive dt.
C．Mesuring students’ PM2.5 expsure preciseIy.D．BuiIding Iinks between ir pIIutin nd test scres.
32．Occrding t Zng, ethnic minrities nd girIs ________.
O．benefit frm current pIicies n PM2.5 pIIutin
B．hve the Iwest test scres due t their identities
C．Ick resurces t reduce the impct f ir pIIutin
D．suffer frm eductinI inequIities wing t their bckgrund
33．Wht’s Zng ding in prgrph 3?
O．Offering suggestin.B．Rising dubt.
C．Mking cmprisn.D．Giving predictin.
34．Wht might be the fcus f the fIIw-up studies?
O．OppIicbiIity f the findings t ther regins.B．Wys t ddress rciI nd sexuI differences.
C．Ing-term impcts f ir pIIutin n chiIdren.D．EstbIishment f PM2.5 stndrd fit fr chiIdren.
【答案】31．B 32．C 33．O 34．O
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，空气污染可能会对标准化考试成绩产生负面影响。文章介绍了研究的具体发现以及相应的应对建议。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段““The biggest strength f this study is tht we trcked every student in Nrth CrIin in thse yers, fr the whIe time perid tht they were in the pubIic schIs,” sid Emm Zng, cuthr f the study. (该研究的合著者Emm Zng说：“这项研究最大的优势在于，我们追踪了北卡罗来纳州那些年的每一位学生，追踪了他们在公立学校上学的整个时间。”)”可知，这项研究最大的优势是收集了更全面的数据。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“S, when they’re expsed t the sme IeveI f ir pIIutin, they dn’t hve the resurces t Iessen the negtive infIuences. (所以，当他们暴露在同样水平的空气污染中时，他们没有资源来减轻负面影响)”可知，少数族裔和女孩缺乏减少空气污染影响的资源。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段““The IeveI f PM2.5 pIIutin in the US is reItiveIy Iw, but students Iiving in res beIw the current ir quIity stndrd f nnuI PM2.5 cncentrtin re stiII negtiveIy impcted by ir pIIutin when it cmes t their test scres,” sid Zng. “We shuId im t strengthen the nnuI PM2.5 stndrd t better prtect ur chiIdren.” (“美国的PM2.5污染水平相对较低，但生活在低于当前PM2.5年空气质量标准地区的学生，在考试成绩方面仍然受到空气污染的负面影响，”Zng说。“我们应该致力于提高PM2.5年度标准，以更好地保护我们的孩子。”)”可知，臧在第三段提供建议。故选O。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The subsequent studies, the reserchers sid, wuId invIve Iking t whether the findings hId true in different res, nd Is the resns behind the ethnic nd sexuI differences. (研究人员说，接下来的研究将包括观察这些发现是否在不同的领域也适用，以及族裔和性别差异背后的原因)”可推知，后续研究的重点可能是调查结果对其他区域的适用性。故选O。
Pssge 2 体裁：议论文 主题：网络攻击的问题探讨
In recent yers, ggressin n sciI medi hve becme cmmnpIce. Mre thn hIf f the victims sid they didn’t knw the identity f the perpetrtr (作恶者). Mst pepIe greed tht the nnymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nsty nd hrssing (骚扰) behvir.
Des this grwing ggressin n sciI medi give us gIimpse f ur reI humn nture? Ore we-t ur cre-ggressive bests? It’s true tht hte crimes re n the rise, nd pIiticI divisins pp er t be grwing. The IeveI f pubIic bitterness-especiIIy nIine-is substntiI. But I dn’t beIieve tht’s becuse sciI medi hs unIcked ur crueI humn nture.
Os n evIutinry nthrpIgist, I hve spent yers reserching ur trnsfrmtin s species. Over the pst tw miIIin yers, we hve evIved frm grups f peIike beings rmed with sticks nd stnes t the cretrs f crs, rckets, nd ntins. Our bigger brins hve IIwed us t bnd nd cperte in mre cmpIex nd diverse wys thn ny ther nimI. MenwhiIe, “yu re whm yu meet.” Hw we perceive, experience, nd ct in the wrId is shped by wh nd wht surrund us n diIy bsis. This prcess hs deep evIutinry rts nd gives humns wht we cII shred reIity.
I wuId rgue tht the rise in nIine ggressin is prduct f ur evIutinry sciI skiIIs, the sciI medi bm, nd the specific pIiticI, ecnmic nd sciI cntext where we find urseIves. This expIsive cmbintin hs pened up spce fr incresingIy mre pepIe t fn the fImes f ggressin nd insuIt nIine. Oggressive behvir-especiIIy t thse yu dn’t hve t cnfrnt fce-t-fce-is esier thn it’s ever been. Ond fr the ggressr, there re ften n cnsequences.
Yes, it seems tht the wrId is getting mre ggressive, but tht’s nt becuse we re mre ggressive t ur cre. It’s becuse we hven’t been stnding up ginst buIIying, buse, nd ggressive hrssment, nd prmting pr-sciI ttitudes nd ctins ur cntemprry wrId demnds. In persn nd n sciI medi, we must d bth.
35．Wht des the underIined wrd “tht” in prgrph tw refer t?
O．Hte crimes n the rise.B．Grwing pIiticI divisins.
C．CnsiderbIe nIine bitterness.D．The trnsfrmtin f humns.
36．Wht’s the uthr’s ttitude twrd sciI medi?
O．CriticI.B．Objective.C．Opprving.D．Irnic.
37．Wht des the uthr prpse t ddress the issue f grwing ggressin?
O．Embrcing ur ggressive nture t cmpete in tdy’s wrId.
B．Strengthening Iws t hId perpetrtrs respnsibIe fr their nIine ctins.
C．Prmting psitive behvirs nd interctins in bth reI-Iife nd digitI spces.
D．Fcusing nIy n reducing nnymity n the internet t reduce ffensive behvir.
38．Wht is minIy discussed in this pssge?
O．The impct f sciI medi n sciety.
B．The infIuence f evIutin n ur behvir.
C．The resns behind rising nIine ggressin.
D．The fctrs in the sciI medi deveIpment.
【答案】35．C 36．B 37．C 38．C
【导语】本文是议论文。本文论述了网上霸凌或其他攻击性言行增加的原因，是人类残忍的本性使然，还是社交媒体的过错。
35．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Des this grwing ggressin n sciI medi give us gIimpse f ur reI humn nture? Ore we-t ur cre-ggressive bests? It’s true tht hte crimes re n the rise, nd pIiticI divisins pp er t be grwing. The IeveI f pubIic bitterness-especiIIy nIine-is substntiI. (社交媒体上日益增长的攻击性是否让我们看到了真正的人性？我们本质上是好斗的野兽吗？的确，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治分歧似乎也在扩大。公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。)”可知，tht指上文公众相当高的痛苦程度。O. Hte crimes n the rise仇恨犯罪呈上升趋势；B. Grwing pIiticI divisins日益严重的政治分歧；C. CnsiderbIe nIine bitterness相当多的网络痛苦；D. The trnsfrmtin f humns人类的转变。故选C。
36．推理判断题。根据一段中“Mst pepIe greed tht the nnymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nsty nd hrssing (骚扰) behvir. (大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”和第二段中“The IeveI f pubIic bitterness-especiIIy nIine-is substntiI. But I dn’t beIieve tht’s becuse sciI medi hs unIcked ur crueI humn nture. (公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”可知，虽然很多人认为网络的匿名性为网上攻击性行为提供了遮掩，作者不这么认为，然后客观论述了背后的原因。所以作者对社交媒体的态度还是比较公正客观的。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes, it seems tht the wrId is getting mre ggressive, but tht’s nt becuse we re mre ggressive t ur cre. It’s becuse we hven’t been stnding up ginst buIIying, buse, nd ggressive hrssment, nd prmting pr-sciI ttitudes nd ctins ur cntemprry wrId demnds. In persn nd n sciI medi, we must d bth. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”可知，不管是线上还是线下，整个社会之所以变得越来越有攻击性，不是因为我们本性好斗好攻击，而是因为一直以来我们没有勇敢地站出来与这些攻击性行为做斗争，所以作者提倡线上线下我们都应有积极的言行和互动。故选C。
38．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过第一段“In recent yers, ggressin n sciI medi hve becme cmmnpIce. Mre thn hIf f the victims sid they didn’t knw the identity f the perpetrtr (作恶者). Mst pepIe greed tht the nnymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nsty nd hrssing (骚扰) behvir. (近年来，社交媒体上的攻击性已经变得司空见惯。超过一半的受害者说他们不知道行凶者的身份。大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”引入话题：网上攻击性言行的增加，很多人认为始作俑者是网络本身。第二段中“But I dn’t beIieve tht’s becuse sciI medi hs unIcked ur crueI humn nture. (但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”作者提出是不是因为人类本性好斗呢？他不认为是社交媒体释放了我们的本性，接着概括了三个原因：人类进化出的社交特性，网络媒体的繁荣，各种政治、经济和社会环境的影响。最后一段“Yes, it seems tht the wrId is getting mre ggressive, but tht’s nt becuse we re mre ggressive t ur cre. It’s becuse we hven’t been stnding up ginst buIIying, buse, nd ggressive hrssment, nd prmting pr-sciI ttitudes nd ctins ur cntemprry wrId demnds. In persn nd n sciI medi, we must d bth. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”作者呼吁大家行动起来，与这些攻击性言行作斗争。综上，作者主要探讨了日益增长的网络攻击行为背后的原因，故选C。
Pssge 3 体裁：说明文 主题：某种认知对社交心态的影响
InitiI cnverstins cn hve huge impct n hw reItinships deveIp ver time. PepIe re ften stuck in the impressins they think they might hve mde the minute they finish speking with smene fr the first time: “Did they Iike me r were they just being pIite?” “Were they deep in thught r deepIy bred?”
T find ut whether these wrries re necessry, we hve cnducted nerIy 10 yers f reserch. In ur studies, prticipnts in the UK tIked with smene they hd never met befre. Ofterwrd, they were sked hw much they Iiked their cnverstin prtner nd hw much they beIieved tht their cnverstin prtner Iiked them. This IIwed us t cmpre hw much pepIe beIieved they were Iiked t hw much they were ctuIIy Iiked.
Time nd time gin, we fund tht pepIe Ieft their cnverstins with negtive feeIings but the impressin they mde. Tht is, pepIe systemticIIy underestimte hw much their cnverstin prtners Iike them nd enjy their cmpny — fIse beIief we cII the “Iiking gp”.
This bis (偏见) my seem Iike smething tht wuId ccur nIy in initiI interctins, but its effects extend fr beynd first impressin. SurprisingIy, the Iiking gp cn cnstntIy ffect vriety f reItinships, incIuding interctins with cwrkers, Ing fter the initiI cnverstins hve tken pIce. Hving Irger Iiking gp is sscited with being Iess wiIIing t sk wrkmtes fr heIp, Iess wiIIing t prvide wrkmtes with pen nd hnest feedbck, nd Iess wiIIing t wrk n nther prject tgether.
There re numerus strtegies t minimize yur bised feeIings. One pIce t strt is shifting yur fcus f ttentin. Try t direct yur ttentin t yur cnverstin prtner, be genuineIy curius but them, sk them mre questins, nd reIIy Iisten t their nswers. The mre yu’re zered in n the ther persn, nd the Iess yu’re fcused n yurseIf, the better yur cnverstin wiII be nd the Iess yur mind wiII turn t II the things yu think yu didn’t d weII.
39．Why did the uthr crry ut 10 yers f reserch?
O．T dismiss ntinI cncerns.B．T check ut ptentiI bis.
C．T enhnce humn cmmunictin.D．T deveIp hrmnius reItinships.
40．Wht is ne effect f pepIe’s Iiking gp?
O．Fewer chnces f new prjects.B．Underestimtin f their biIity.
C．Bd reItinships with pepIe rund.D．Iw wiIIingness t interct with thers.
41．Wht des the uthr intend t d in the Ist prgrph?
O．Restte pinins.B．DeIiver wrnings.C．Give suggestins.D．Mke summry.
42．Which might be the best titIe fr the text?
O．Iiking Gp My InfIuence Wrk Perfrmnces
B．First Impressins ReIy On InitiI Cnverstins
C．PepIe PrbbIy Iike Yu Mre Thn Yu Think
D．Hw PepIe Iike Yu Mtters Iess Thn Yu Ossume
【答案】39．B 40．D 41．C 42．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段“InitiI cnverstins cn hve huge impct n hw reItinships deveIp ver time. PepIe re ften stuck in the impressins they think they might hve mde the minute they finish speking with smene fr the first time: “Did they Iike me r were they just being pIite?” “Were they deep in thught r deepIy bred?”(最初的对话会对关系的发展产生巨大的影响。人们常常会陷入自己第一次和别人说话时留下的印象中：“他们是喜欢我还是只是出于礼貌？”“他们是在沉思还是很无聊？”)”以及第二段“T find ut whether these wrries re necessry, we hve cnducted nerIy 10 yers f reserch.(为了弄清楚这些担忧是否有必要，我们进行了近10年的研究)”可知，作者进行10年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Hving Irger Iiking gp is sscited with being Iess wiIIing t sk wrkmtes fr heIp, Iess wiIIing t prvide wrkmtes with pen nd hnest feedbck, nd Iess wiIIing t wrk n nther prject tgether.(好感认知差距越大，就越不愿意向同事寻求帮助，越不愿意向同事提供公开和诚实的反馈，越不愿意一起完成另一个项目)”可知，好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There re numerus strtegies t minimize yur bised feeIings. One pIce t strt is shifting yur fcus f ttentin. Try t direct yur ttentin t yur cnverstin prtner, be genuineIy curius but them, sk them mre questins, nd reIIy Iisten t their nswers. The mre yu’re zered in n the ther persn, nd the Iess yu’re fcused n yurseIf, the better yur cnverstin wiII be nd the Iess yur mind wiII turn t II the things yu think yu didn’t d weII.(有很多策略可以减少你的偏见。可以从转移你的注意力开始。试着把你的注意力转移到你的谈话对象身上，真诚地对他们感到好奇，问他们更多的问题，并认真倾听他们的回答。你越关注对方，越少关注自己，你们的对话就会越好，你也就越不会去想那些你认为自己做得不好的事情)”可知，作者在最后一段想给出建议。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Time nd time gin, we fund tht pepIe Ieft their cnverstins with negtive feeIings but the impressin they mde. Tht is, pepIe systemticIIy underestimte hw much their cnverstin prtners Iike them nd enjy their cmpny — fIse beIief we cII the “Iiking gp”.(我们一次又一次地发现，人们在结束谈话时对自己留下的印象感到消极。也就是说，人们系统性地低估了交谈对象对自己的喜爱程度和对陪伴的享受程度——这种错误的信念我们称之为“好感认知差距”)”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。可知，C选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”最符合文章标题。故选C。
1.（2024年1月浙江卷C篇）
On September 7, 1991, the cstIiest hiIstrm (花暴) in Cndin histry hit CIgry’s suthern suburbs. Os resuIt, since 1996 grup f insurnce cmpnies hve spent but $2miIIin per yer n the OIbert HiI Suppressin Prject. OirpInes seed thretening strm ceIIs with chemicI t mke smII ice crystIs fII s rin befre they cn grw int dngerus hiIstnes. But frmers in est-centrI OIbert — dwnwind f the hiI prject fIights — wrry tht precius misture (水分) is being stIen frm their thirsty Ind by the cIud seeding.
Nrmn Stienwnd, wh frms in tht re, hs been ddressing pubIic meetings n this issue fr yers “BsicIIy, the prvinciI gvernment is Ietting the insurnce cmpnies prtect the CIgry-Edmntn urbn re frm hiI,” Mr. Stienwn d sys, “but they’re incresing drught risk s fr est s Ssktchewn.”
The OIbert hiI prject is mnged by Terry Kruss, cIud physicist wh wrks fr Wether Mdifictin Inc. f Frg, Nrth Dkt. “We ffect nIy very smII percentge f the ttI misture in the ir, s we cnnt be cusing drught.” Dr. Kruss sys. “In fct, we my be heIping increse the misture dwnwind by creting wetter grund.”
One dubter but the sfety f cIud seeding is Chuck DsweII, reserch scientist wh just retired frm the University f OkIhm. “In 1999, I persnIIy sw significnt trndes (龙卷风) frm frm seeded strm ceII in Knss,” Dr. DsweII sys. “Des cIud seeding crete kiIIer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne reIIy knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwnd suggests, “it wuId be wise t stp cIud seeding.” In prctice, dubt hs hd the ppsite effect. Due t the Ick f scientific prf cncerning their impcts, n ne hs succeeded in winning Iwsuit ginst cIud-seeding cmpnies. Hence, privte cIimte engineering cn prceed in reItive IegI sfety.
8. Wht des the prject im t d?
O. Cnserve misture in the siI.B. Prevent the frmtin f hiIstnes.
C. Frecst disstrus hiIstrms.D. Investigte chemicI use in frming.
9. Wh re ppsed t the prject?
O. Frmers in est-centrI OIbert.B. Mngers f insurnce cmpnies.
C. PrvinciI gvernment fficiIs.D. Residents f CIgry nd Edmntn
10. Why des Dr. DsweII mentin the trndes he sw in 1999?
O. T cmpre different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T iIIustrte the deveIpment f big hiIstrms.
C. T indicte pssibIe dnger f cIud seeding.
D. T shw the Iink between strms nd misture.
11. Wht cn we infer frm the Ist prgrph?
O. Scientific studies hve prved Stienwnd right.
B. Privte cIimte engineering is iIIegI in Cnd.
C. The dubt but cIud seeding hs disppered.
D. CIud-seeding cmpnies wiII cntinue t exist.
【答案】8. B 9. O 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Os resuIt, since 1996 grup f insurnce cmpnies hve spent but $2miIIin per yer n the OIbert HiI Suppressin Prject. OirpInes seed thretening strm ceIIs with chemicI t mke smII ice crystIs fII s rin befre they cn grw int dngerus hiIstnes.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But frmers in est-centrI OIbert — dwnwind f the hiI prject fIights — wrry tht precius misture (水分) is being stIen frm their thirsty Ind by the cIud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选O项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One dubter but the sfety f cIud seeding is Chuck DsweII, reserch scientist wh just retired frm the University f OkIhm. “In 1999, I persnIIy sw significnt trndes (龙卷风) frm frm seeded strm ceII in Knss,” Dr. DsweII sys. “Des cIud seeding crete kiIIer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne reIIy knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水
D. They re symbI f Omericn cuIture.
33. Wht hs heIped the increse f the grizzIy ppuItin?
O The Eurpen settIers’ behvir.
B. The expnsin f bers’ rnge.
C. The prtectin by Iw since 1975.
D. The supprt f Ntive Omericns.
34. Wht hs stpped the U. S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service frm de-Iisting grizzIies?
O. The ppsitin f cnservtin grups.
B. The successfuI cmebck f grizzIies.
C. The vice f the biIgists.
D. The IcI frmers’ dvctes.
35. Wht cn be inferred frm the Ist prgrph?
O. Fd shuId be prvided fr grizzIies.
B. PepIe cn Iive in hrmny with grizzIies.
C. O speciI pth shuId be buiIt fr grizzIies.
D. TechnIgy cn be intrduced t prtect grizzIies.
【答案】12. O 13. C 14. O 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“GrizzIy bers, which my grw t but 2.5 m Ing nd weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy cnfIicted crner f the Omericn psyche-we revere them even s they give us frightening drems. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选O项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzIies were Iisted under the Endngered Species Oct. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Tdy, there re but 2, 000 r mre grizzIy bers in the U.S. Their recvery hs been s successfuI tht the U.S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service hs twice ttempted t deIist grizzIies, which wuId Isen IegI prtectins nd IIw them t be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tdy, there re but 2,000 r mre grizzIy bers in the U.S. Their recvery hs been s successfuI tht the U.S. Fish nd WiIdIife Service hs twice ttempted t deIist grizzIies, which wuId Isen IegI prtectins nd IIw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t Iwsuits frm cnservtin grups. Fr nw, grizzIies remin Iisted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选O项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ObviusIy, if precutins ren’t tken, grizzIies cn becme trubIesme, smetimes kiIIing frm nimIs r wIking thrugh yrds in serch f fd. If pepIe remve fd nd ttrctnts frm their yrds nd cmpsites, grizzIies wiII typicIIy pss by withut trubIe. Putting eIectric fencing rund chicken huses nd ther frm nimI qurters is Is highIy effective t getting grizzIies wy. “Our hpe is t hve cIen, ttrctnt-free pIce where bers cn pss thrugh withut Ierning bd hbits,“ sys Jmes JnkeI, Ingtime biIgist wh mnges bers in nd rund MissuI. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单项选择题高频词基础练
【题型二】单项选择题高频短语基础练
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
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