还剩12页未读，
继续阅读
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
06 定语从句（核心考点精讲精练）2025年高考英语一轮复习（上海专用）（教师版带解析）
展开
这是一份06 定语从句（核心考点精讲精练）2025年高考英语一轮复习（上海专用）（教师版带解析），共15页。
近3年真题考点分布
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句
The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
I live next dr t a cuple whse children ften make a lt f nise.
China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership，which shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句
We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.
D yu knw the reasn why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
考点三：非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。
e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, wh seemed t be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。
e. g. A five-year-ld by can speak tw freign languages，which surprises all the peple present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。）
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, sme，mst, nne或bth加上f which或f whm来修饰或限定先行词。
e. g. He lved his parents deeply, bth f whm are very kind t him.
(他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。）
考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whm，且不能省略。
Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn which schl educatin depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which yu must pay yur bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋f＋which/whm”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears，nne f which has been prved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many yung peple，mst f whm were welleducated，headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whse修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。
The newlybuilt café，the walls f which (＝whse walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place fr us，especially after hard wrk.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）
There is evidence that teachers, ____8____ in varius cases use arms and hand mvements in lessns, achieve better teaching results.
【答案】8．wh
8．考查定语从句。句意：有证据表明，在各种情况下，教师在课堂上使用手臂和手的动作，取得了更好的教学效果。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词teachers，在从句中作主语，指人，故填wh。
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse awakened her passin ___13___has yet t run ut f fuel.
【答案】 13．that/which
13．考查定语从句。句意：她说，那天晚上看月食唤醒了她的激情，她的激情还没有耗尽。修饰先行词passin，在从句中作主语，指物，故用that/which。故填that/which。
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）
The newly-fund rchid is beautiful. It is pink and white, it has a central stem, arund ___23___ grw tiny, bell-shaped flwers, and its delicate petals (花瓣) lk like they are made frm glass.
【答案】23．which
23．考查定语从句。句意：它是粉红色和白色的，它有一个中央茎，周围生长着细小的钟形花朵，它精致的花瓣看起来像玻璃做的。空格处是“介词+which/whm”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词stem是物，因此空格处用which，故填which。
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）
Catfishing is an nline cheat ___33___ smene n a scial media platfrm pretends t be smene they’re nt.
【答案】 33．where
33．考查定语从句关系词。句意：Catfishing是一种网络欺骗，指某人在社交媒体平台上伪装成别人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是nline cheat，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）
Studies have shwn that lw-level physical activities ___41___ use gentle stretching, like yga r tai chi, help with sleep quality.
【答案】41．that/which
41．考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，轻度伸展的低水平体育活动，如瑜伽或太极，有助于提高睡眠质量。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词activities指的是物，所以使用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）
They can help t keep mrale (士气) and prvide a sense f nrmalcy (正常) n missins ___58___ all the cnditins are distinctively different frm the earth.
【答案】 58．where
58．考查定语从句。句意：它们可以帮助保持士气，并在所有条件与地球截然不同的任务中提供一种正常的感觉。定语从句修饰先行词missins，从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）
An exclamatin mark is a valid frm f punctuatin ____65____ rigin can be traced back t a 14th century Italian schlar.
【答案】 65．whse
65．考查定语从句。句意：感叹号是一种有效的标点符号，它的起源可以追溯到14世纪的一位意大利学者。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词An exclamatin mark在从句中作rigin的定语成分，应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）
The letters ___74___ (address) t my mther in 1974 ver the curse f a mnth when my father traveled back t Italy t care fr his sick mther, leaving his wife and me behind in Trnt, ___75___ my parents had immigrated t in 1956.
【答案】 75．which
75．考查定语从句。句意：这些信是1974年写给我母亲的，当时父亲回到意大利照顾他生病的母亲，把妻子和我留在了多伦多，我的父母1956年移民到多伦多。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少介词t的宾语，先行词为Trnt指物。故填which。
（2023·上海金山·统考二模）
GPT-4 will initially be available t ChatGPT Plus subscribers, _____88_____ pay $20 per mnth fr easy access t the service. It’s already pwering Micrsft’s Bing search engine platfrm.
【答案】 88．wh
考查定语从句。句意：T-4最初将提供给ChatGPT Plus用户，他们每月支付20美元即可轻松使用该服务。此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为ChatGPT Plus subscribers，为人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填wh。
（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）
Accrding t a study at the University f Iwa named In ne ear and ut the ther, a grup f students participated in tw experiments in ____99____ they listened t sunds, lked at images and held bjects.
【答案】
99．which
99．考查定语从句。句意：根据爱荷华大学一项名为“一只耳朵进另一只耳朵出”的研究，一组学生参加了两个实验，他们分别听声音、看图像和拿着物体。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是experiments，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
（2023·上海崇明·统考二模）
Han Zheming has managed t perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, r dian cha in Chinese, __21__ used t be a ritual during the Sng Dynasty.
【答案】21．which
21．考查定语从句。句意：韩喆明设法完善了这项技能，创造了杯茶艺术，或中国的点茶，这曾经是宋朝的一种仪式。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词dian cha进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个指物的关系代词，代替先行词dian cha在从句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词which。故填which。
Chinese tea culture started t enjy ppularity during the Tang Dynasty and bmed thrughut the Sng Dynasty, __26__ tea became a necessity fr almst everyne, frm nbles and schlars t cmmn peple, just like ther essential items, such as rice, il and salt,
【答案】26．when
26．考查定语从句。句意：中国茶文化在唐朝开始流行，并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展，当时茶几乎成为每个人的必需品，从贵族、学者到普通人，就像宋政治家和思想家王安石所说的，茶就像大米、油和盐等其他必需品一样。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词the Sng Dynasty进行限定说明，因为从句中缺少时间状语，所以空格处应该填入关系副词when。故填when。
【基础过关】
【2023届上海市复兴高级中学高三春考适应性考试英语试题】
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Fr parents wh send their kids ff t cllege saying, “These will be the best years f yur life,” it wuld be very apprpriate t add, “ ____1____ yu can handle the stress f cllege life.”
Freshmen are shwing up already stressed ut, accrding t the latest research study ____2____ reprted students’ emtinal health levels at their lwest since the survey started in 1985. While in schl, mre students are wrking part-time and near-full-time jbs. At graduatin, nly 29 percent f senirs ____3____ (ffer) jbs.
Pressure t excel ften creates stress, and many students are nt learning hw t effectively handle this stress. Let me shw five facts that I believe every cllege student ____4____ knw abut stress.
First, stress can make smart peple d stupid things. Stress causes ____5____ brain researchers call “crtical inhibitin (皮层抑制).” In simple terms, stress prevents a part f the brain respnsible fr decisin-making and reactin time and can negatively affect ther mental abilities as well.
Secnd, the human bdy desn’t discriminate between a big stressful event and a little ne. Any stressful experience will create abut 1,400 bichemical events in yur bdy. If any amunt f stress is left ____6____ (uncheck), many things can ccur within the bdy, including premature aging and energy drain.
Third, stress can becme yur new pattern. When yu regularly experience negative feelings and high amunts f stress, yur brain recgnizes this ____7____ yur nrmal state. This then becmes the new nrm (常态) fr yur emtinal state.
Furth, stress can be cntrlled. Cuntless studies demnstrate that peple can restructure their emtinal state using emtin refcusing techniques. One technique ____8____ (invlve) slwing yur thughts, breathing slwly, and fcusing n the psitive feeling that yu receive.
Finally, ____9____ (draw) t what yu study can lessen stress. Barbara Fredericksn, a leading internatinal authrity n the imprtance f psitive emtins, says humans are genetically prgrammed _____10_____ (seek) psitive emtins such as lve and jy. It’s suggested that yu shuld chse a majr r career path yu lve and enjy. Otherwise, yu culd end up fighting against yur wn bilgy.
【答案】1. If ##When 2. that##which 3. are ffered ##have been ffered
4. shuld## must 5. what 6. unchecked 7. as 8. invlves 9. being drawn 10. t seek
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最新研究报道表明大学生情绪健康水平非常低，压力很大，作者通过举例五个事实让大学生进一步了解压力。
【1题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：对那些把孩子送进大学的父母说，“这将是你生命中最美好的时光”，再加上一句“如果你能应对大学生活的压力的话”会更加合适。由句意可知，“These will be the best years f yur life”和“yu can handle the stress f cllege life”之间构成条件关系或时间关系，所以该空填连词if或when，空格位于对话的句首，首字母要大写，即If /When。故答案为If /When。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最新的一项研究表明，新生们的情绪健康水平处于1985年开始调查以来的最低水平。分析句子结构，此处考查限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the latest research study，指物，在从句中作主语，所以填which或that引导该定语从句。故答案为that/which。
【3题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在校期间，更多的学生从事兼职和接近全职的工作。毕业时，只有29%的高年级学生得到了工作。由句意可知，此处“得到工作”可以表示客观事实，用一般现在时，也可以表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，用现在完成时，表示已经得到，senirs和ffer之间是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动或现在完成时的被动，即are ffered / have been ffered。故答案为are ffered / have been ffered。
【4题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：让我展示五个事实，我相信每个大学生都应该/必须了解压力。空后是动词原形knw，所以该空填情态动词，由句意可知，此处可以表示“应该”了解或“必须”了解，所以填情态动词shuld / must。故答案为shuld / must。
【5题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：压力导致大脑研究人员称之为的“皮层抑制”。分析句子结构，此处考查宾语从句，从句中缺call的宾语，指物，所以填what来引导该宾语从句。故答案为what。
【6题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果不加控制地承受任何压力，体内会发生许多事情，包括过早衰老和能量消耗。分析句子结构，该空在句中作主语补足语成分，补充说明主语any amunt f stress，此处用形容词unchecked来作主补，表示“未经检查的，不受限制的”。故答案为unchecked。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：当你经常经历负面情绪和高压力时，你的大脑会将其视为正常状态。根据空前提示词recgnizes 可知，该空填介词as，构成短语recgnize…as…，表示“将……视为……”。故答案为as。
【8题详解】
考查时态。句意：一种技巧是放慢你的思维，慢慢呼吸，专注于你所感受到的积极感觉。由句意可知，此处是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语 One technique是单数，谓语动词也要用其单数形式，即invlves。故答案为invlves。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：最后，被你的学习吸引可以减轻压力。分析句子结构，该句子的谓语动词是can lessen，所以该空填非谓语动词，draw和后面的what yu study构成被动关系，所以此处要用动名词的被动，即being drawn来作主语。故答案为being drawn。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：芭芭拉·弗雷德里克森是一位研究积极情绪重要性的国际权威专家，她表示，人类天生就有寻求爱和快乐等积极情绪的基因。由句意可知，空后“ ____10____ (seek) psitive emtins such as lve and jy”进一步修饰了humans are genetically prgrammed，所以此处要用不定式，即t seek来作后置定语。故答案为t seek。
【能力提升】
1. 传统中医安全可靠，最早可追溯到三千多年前，是中国古代人民的智慧结晶。(represent) （汉译英）
【答案】Traditinal Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back t mre than 3,000 years ag, and it represents the wisdm f ancient Chinese peple.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、时态、短语和非限制性定语从句。“传统中医”用名词短语traditinal Chinese medicine，在句中作主语；“安全”用形容词safe表达，“可靠”用形容词reliable表达，在句中作表语；“追溯到”用动词短语date back t表达，“最早可追溯到三千多年前”表达为date back t mre than 3,000 years ag；“是”用动词represent表达；“中国古代人民”用名词短语ancient Chinese peple表达；“中国古代人民的智慧结晶”表达为the wisdm f ancient Chinese peple；根据句意可知此句阐述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；“最早可追溯到三千多年前”可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句表达，which指代traditinal Chinese medicine在从句中作主语；故此句可翻译为：Traditinal Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back t mre than 3,000 years ag, and it represents the wisdm f ancient Chinese peple.
2. 这款聊天软件能够基于用户的要求生成答案，自推出就引发了巨大的争议与轰动。(arise) (汉译英)
【答案】The chat sftware, which can generate answers based n users’ requests, has caused a huge cntrversy and sensatin since it arse.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、从句和时态。分析可知，本句可处理为主从复合句；“这款聊天软件引发了巨大的争议与轰动”是主句，表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语“这款聊天软件”表达为the chat sftware，谓语动词“已经引发”表达为has caused，宾语“巨大的争议与轰动”表达为a huge cntrversy and sensatin；“能够基于用户的要求生成答案”处理为修饰sftware的定语从句，代替先行词sftware在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句，谓语动词“生成”表达为generate，“基于用户的要求”表达为based n users’ requests；“自推出”处理为since引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词“推出”可理解为“出现”，用arise表达，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为The chat sftware, which can generate answers based n users’ requests, has caused a huge cntrversy and sensatin since it arse.
3. 在春暖花开的日子里，人们常常外出游玩，欣赏春天的美景。(when) （汉译英）
【答案】During the warm days f spring when flwers blssm, peple ften travel utside and enjy the beauty f spring.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句意可知，此处描述的是心在的客观情况，全句使用一般现在时态，表示“在春暖的日子里”为介词短语作状语，应译为during the warm days f spring，during位于句首，首字母需大写，“花开的”作定语修饰“日子”应为定语从句，从句中不缺少主语，开花“blssm”为不及物，从句中不需要宾语，所以使用关系副词when，所以定语从句译为when flwers blssm，所以前半句译为“During the warm days f spring when flwers blssm”；表示“人们经常出去游玩”译为peple ften travel utside，“欣赏春天的美景”与“出去游玩”并列，应译为“enjy the beauty f spring”，使用and将并列部分连接，所以后半句译为peple ften travel utside and enjy the beauty f spring。故翻译为During the warm days f spring when flwers blssm, peple ften travel utside and enjy the beauty f spring.
4. 儒教在中国历代盛行数千年,虽地位不如昔日举足轻重,但仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙。(as … as)
【答案】Althugh Cnfucianism, which has been prevalent/widespread in China fr thusands f years,is nt as imprtant as it used t be, it is still a key t understanding the splendid Chinese civilizatin.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句，定语从句和固定短语。表示“虽然”用althugh，其引导让步状语从句；表示“儒教”用Cnfucianism；表示“儒教在中国历代盛行数千年”用which has been prevalent/widespread in China fr thusands f years，该结构中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文的Cnfucianism，同时句子表述动作发生在过去对现在有影响，使用现在完成时，表示“盛行，流行”用prevalent或者widespread；表示“地位不如昔日举足轻重”用is nt as imprtant as it used t be；表示“仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙”用it is still a key t understanding the splendid Chinese civilizatin。故翻译为Althugh Cnfucianism,which has been prevalent/widespread in China fr thusands f years,is nt as imprtant as it used t be, it is still a key t understanding the splendid Chinese civilizatin。
5.博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷清，急需改善。( whse) （2019年春考）
【答案】The prly managed museum, whse exhibits are cvered with dust, attracts few visitrs and needs imprving badly.
【解析】
考点1： 主干梳理,四字短语 博物馆门厅冷清 翻译为the museum has rarely been visited
考点2：定语从句 展品和博物馆从属关系，用whse处理。The museum whse exhibits are cvered with dust
考点3：定语从句 which 急需改善 which is in urgent need f imprvement.
考点4：非谓语或介词短语，“疏于管理”可翻译为 Lacking management 或Fr lack f management
参考答案：Fr lack f management/ Lacking management, the museum whse exhibits are cvered with dust has been rarely visited, which is in urgent need f imprvement.
6. 这条小溪蜿蜒流淌，陪伴着世代居住的村民，见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(cmpany)（2021年春考）
【答案及解析】
The river that winds its way, in the cmpany f the villagers wh have lived there fr generatins, has witnessed the nging changes in the village.
The winding river has kept the villagers’ cmpany wh have lived here fr generatins and witnessed the rapid changes f the village.
The winding stream is in cmpany with the villagers all the time wh have lived here fr generatins, witnessing the rapid changes f the village.
注意此句中的四字语“蜿蜒流淌”winding。wind的作为名词是风的意思，作为动词就是“蜿蜒前进”。“日新月异” rapid changes。此外就是提示词cmpany是名词，因为考纲里给的就是名词，我们首先想到的就是短语：keep sb’s cmpany（变形为keep cmpany f sb）或者in cmpany with。这里个别人用cmpany动词，不过其可以作为动词是词典里面的用法，超出考纲范围，更为重要的是同学们还学到动词accmpany表示陪伴，很少用到cmpany作为动词。这个作为名词，表示“陪伴”属于熟词生义现象。
2022年秋考
This technique may invlve cnducting a physical survey r reading industry specific materials Cnversatins with cnsumers als facilitate the identificatin f their frustratins and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use t enhance a firm.
27 which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustratins and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。
2022年春考
The light is called the aurra. Usually yu can see it nly at the very nrth f the earth,(23)_______it is called aurra brealis r Nrtherm Lights, r at the very suth, where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.
23.where
[解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“r at the very suth,where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。
2021年秋考
Scientists first recgnized this prblem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 peple had becme seriusly ill..
28. which
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。
2021年春考
Otherwise, yu'll need t find a lcal studi(25)______ can be expensive.
25.which /that
【解析】.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studi在从句中作主语。句意为：“否则，你需要找到一个当地的工作室，这可能是昂贵的。”
2020年秋考
This wuld be impssible (28)___withut_____ clcks and watches, (29)________ are all arund us: n walls, n ur wrists, n ur PCs, and even n ur mbiles and iPd's.
29.which
[解析]考查非限制性定语从句，横线之前说到了钟表和手表，横线之后说，“在我们周围的:在墙上和我们手腕上”，可知是对前一句话的补充解说，which引导的定语从句，修饰前一句话末尾的“clcks and watches”，which 充当主语的成分。
2020年春考
The pair annyed the gds f the underwrld with their nisy playing and the tw brthers were tricked int descending int Xibalba (the underwrld) _________ (23) they were challenged t a ball game.
23. where
【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the tw brthers were tricked int... Xibalba (the underwrld)，空后为定语从句they were challenged t a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba，所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba 在从句中作状语。
2019年秋考
Orissa is the hme three mass nesting sites f the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinctin, and ne f the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ arund 70 t 80 millin turtles lay eggs n the beach every year, is cnsidered ne f the wrld’s largest nesting sites.
24.where
[解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which=in the place
2019年春考
S ambitin and the timely realizatin (21) ________ he wuld have t determine “what’s next” n his wn urged Jasn t engage his future self t find directin.
21. that
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he wuld have t determine “what’s next” n his wn为限制性定语从句修饰先行词S ambitin and the timely realizatin，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。
2018年秋考
Smetimes, the parents (28 )_________cmplain abut the rle f screens in family life are just as guilty f spending t much time in frnt f ne.
28.that/wh
[解析]考查定语从句。定语从句，that 充当从句中的主语。
2018年春考
The rms (30) ______ the bys used t live lk vacant. I feel sadness but als jy.
30. where
30.where[解析]考查定语从句。where 引导的句子主谓宾齐全，少了地点状语用 where 作不及物动词 live 的地点状语，where 相当于 in which。因此正确答案为 where。
2017年秋考
In recent years, scientists have finally begun t find prf 23__________ cntact with animals can increase a sick persn’s chance f survival and
23. that
[解析]考查定语从句。scientists have finally begun t find prf that cntact with animals can...科学家们终于开始找到证据证明与动物的接触 that 引导的定语从句。
They are mre easy-ging when there are animals arund, with 29__________ cmpany they tend t calm dwn mre easily.
29.whse
[解析]考查定语从句。They are mre easy-ging when there are animals arund.with whse cmpany they tend t calm dwn mre easily.当周围有动物的时候，他们更容易相处，他们更容易平静下来。cmpany 是名词，前面可用形容词性物主代词。
2017年春考
The mvie starts with a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal 21___________team up t find a missing tter (水獭).
21.wh
[解析] 考查定语从句。考查 wh 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal 。 The mvie stars a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal wh team up t find a missing tter.电影的主角免子警官和一名狐狸罪犯联合起来寻找一只失踪的水獭。题型
语法填空
高考考点
定语从句
2022上海秋考
This technique may invlve cnducting a physical survey r reading industry specific materials Cnversatins with cnsumers als facilitate the identificatin f their frustratins and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use t enhance a firm.
【答案】27 which
2022上海春考
The light is called the aurra. Usually yu can see it nly at the very nrth f the earth,(23)_______it is called aurra brealis r Nrtherm Lights, r at the very suth, where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.
【答案】23.where
2021上海秋考
Scientists first recgnized this prblem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 peple had becme seriusly ill..
【答案】28. which
2021上海春考
Otherwise, yu'll need t find a lcal studi(25)______ can be expensive.
【答案】25.which /that
2020上海秋考
This wuld be impssible (28)___withut_____ clcks and watches, (29)________ are all arund us: n walls, n ur wrists, n ur PCs, and even n ur mbiles and iPd's.
【答案】29.which
2020上海春考
The pair annyed the gds f the underwrld with their nisy playing and the tw brthers were tricked int descending int Xibalba (the underwrld) _________ (23) they were challenged t a ball game.
【答案】23. where
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
wh
人
主语、宾语
whm
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语、状语
whse
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all，few，little，much，smething，anything，nthing等不定代词时
先行词被the nly，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和which
的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，knw，expect，say，mentin，reprt等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situatin，pint，activity，case，stage等)
地点状语
why
the reasn
原因状语
近3年真题考点分布
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句
The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
I live next dr t a cuple whse children ften make a lt f nise.
China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership，which shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句
We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.
D yu knw the reasn why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
考点三：非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。
e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, wh seemed t be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。
e. g. A five-year-ld by can speak tw freign languages，which surprises all the peple present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。）
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, sme，mst, nne或bth加上f which或f whm来修饰或限定先行词。
e. g. He lved his parents deeply, bth f whm are very kind t him.
(他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。）
考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whm，且不能省略。
Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn which schl educatin depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which yu must pay yur bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋f＋which/whm”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears，nne f which has been prved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many yung peple，mst f whm were welleducated，headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whse修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。
The newlybuilt café，the walls f which (＝whse walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place fr us，especially after hard wrk.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）
There is evidence that teachers, ____8____ in varius cases use arms and hand mvements in lessns, achieve better teaching results.
【答案】8．wh
8．考查定语从句。句意：有证据表明，在各种情况下，教师在课堂上使用手臂和手的动作，取得了更好的教学效果。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词teachers，在从句中作主语，指人，故填wh。
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse awakened her passin ___13___has yet t run ut f fuel.
【答案】 13．that/which
13．考查定语从句。句意：她说，那天晚上看月食唤醒了她的激情，她的激情还没有耗尽。修饰先行词passin，在从句中作主语，指物，故用that/which。故填that/which。
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）
The newly-fund rchid is beautiful. It is pink and white, it has a central stem, arund ___23___ grw tiny, bell-shaped flwers, and its delicate petals (花瓣) lk like they are made frm glass.
【答案】23．which
23．考查定语从句。句意：它是粉红色和白色的，它有一个中央茎，周围生长着细小的钟形花朵，它精致的花瓣看起来像玻璃做的。空格处是“介词+which/whm”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词stem是物，因此空格处用which，故填which。
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）
Catfishing is an nline cheat ___33___ smene n a scial media platfrm pretends t be smene they’re nt.
【答案】 33．where
33．考查定语从句关系词。句意：Catfishing是一种网络欺骗，指某人在社交媒体平台上伪装成别人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是nline cheat，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）
Studies have shwn that lw-level physical activities ___41___ use gentle stretching, like yga r tai chi, help with sleep quality.
【答案】41．that/which
41．考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，轻度伸展的低水平体育活动，如瑜伽或太极，有助于提高睡眠质量。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词activities指的是物，所以使用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）
They can help t keep mrale (士气) and prvide a sense f nrmalcy (正常) n missins ___58___ all the cnditins are distinctively different frm the earth.
【答案】 58．where
58．考查定语从句。句意：它们可以帮助保持士气，并在所有条件与地球截然不同的任务中提供一种正常的感觉。定语从句修饰先行词missins，从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）
An exclamatin mark is a valid frm f punctuatin ____65____ rigin can be traced back t a 14th century Italian schlar.
【答案】 65．whse
65．考查定语从句。句意：感叹号是一种有效的标点符号，它的起源可以追溯到14世纪的一位意大利学者。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词An exclamatin mark在从句中作rigin的定语成分，应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）
The letters ___74___ (address) t my mther in 1974 ver the curse f a mnth when my father traveled back t Italy t care fr his sick mther, leaving his wife and me behind in Trnt, ___75___ my parents had immigrated t in 1956.
【答案】 75．which
75．考查定语从句。句意：这些信是1974年写给我母亲的，当时父亲回到意大利照顾他生病的母亲，把妻子和我留在了多伦多，我的父母1956年移民到多伦多。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少介词t的宾语，先行词为Trnt指物。故填which。
（2023·上海金山·统考二模）
GPT-4 will initially be available t ChatGPT Plus subscribers, _____88_____ pay $20 per mnth fr easy access t the service. It’s already pwering Micrsft’s Bing search engine platfrm.
【答案】 88．wh
考查定语从句。句意：T-4最初将提供给ChatGPT Plus用户，他们每月支付20美元即可轻松使用该服务。此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为ChatGPT Plus subscribers，为人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填wh。
（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）
Accrding t a study at the University f Iwa named In ne ear and ut the ther, a grup f students participated in tw experiments in ____99____ they listened t sunds, lked at images and held bjects.
【答案】
99．which
99．考查定语从句。句意：根据爱荷华大学一项名为“一只耳朵进另一只耳朵出”的研究，一组学生参加了两个实验，他们分别听声音、看图像和拿着物体。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是experiments，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
（2023·上海崇明·统考二模）
Han Zheming has managed t perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, r dian cha in Chinese, __21__ used t be a ritual during the Sng Dynasty.
【答案】21．which
21．考查定语从句。句意：韩喆明设法完善了这项技能，创造了杯茶艺术，或中国的点茶，这曾经是宋朝的一种仪式。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词dian cha进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个指物的关系代词，代替先行词dian cha在从句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词which。故填which。
Chinese tea culture started t enjy ppularity during the Tang Dynasty and bmed thrughut the Sng Dynasty, __26__ tea became a necessity fr almst everyne, frm nbles and schlars t cmmn peple, just like ther essential items, such as rice, il and salt,
【答案】26．when
26．考查定语从句。句意：中国茶文化在唐朝开始流行，并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展，当时茶几乎成为每个人的必需品，从贵族、学者到普通人，就像宋政治家和思想家王安石所说的，茶就像大米、油和盐等其他必需品一样。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词the Sng Dynasty进行限定说明，因为从句中缺少时间状语，所以空格处应该填入关系副词when。故填when。
【基础过关】
【2023届上海市复兴高级中学高三春考适应性考试英语试题】
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Fr parents wh send their kids ff t cllege saying, “These will be the best years f yur life,” it wuld be very apprpriate t add, “ ____1____ yu can handle the stress f cllege life.”
Freshmen are shwing up already stressed ut, accrding t the latest research study ____2____ reprted students’ emtinal health levels at their lwest since the survey started in 1985. While in schl, mre students are wrking part-time and near-full-time jbs. At graduatin, nly 29 percent f senirs ____3____ (ffer) jbs.
Pressure t excel ften creates stress, and many students are nt learning hw t effectively handle this stress. Let me shw five facts that I believe every cllege student ____4____ knw abut stress.
First, stress can make smart peple d stupid things. Stress causes ____5____ brain researchers call “crtical inhibitin (皮层抑制).” In simple terms, stress prevents a part f the brain respnsible fr decisin-making and reactin time and can negatively affect ther mental abilities as well.
Secnd, the human bdy desn’t discriminate between a big stressful event and a little ne. Any stressful experience will create abut 1,400 bichemical events in yur bdy. If any amunt f stress is left ____6____ (uncheck), many things can ccur within the bdy, including premature aging and energy drain.
Third, stress can becme yur new pattern. When yu regularly experience negative feelings and high amunts f stress, yur brain recgnizes this ____7____ yur nrmal state. This then becmes the new nrm (常态) fr yur emtinal state.
Furth, stress can be cntrlled. Cuntless studies demnstrate that peple can restructure their emtinal state using emtin refcusing techniques. One technique ____8____ (invlve) slwing yur thughts, breathing slwly, and fcusing n the psitive feeling that yu receive.
Finally, ____9____ (draw) t what yu study can lessen stress. Barbara Fredericksn, a leading internatinal authrity n the imprtance f psitive emtins, says humans are genetically prgrammed _____10_____ (seek) psitive emtins such as lve and jy. It’s suggested that yu shuld chse a majr r career path yu lve and enjy. Otherwise, yu culd end up fighting against yur wn bilgy.
【答案】1. If ##When 2. that##which 3. are ffered ##have been ffered
4. shuld## must 5. what 6. unchecked 7. as 8. invlves 9. being drawn 10. t seek
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最新研究报道表明大学生情绪健康水平非常低，压力很大，作者通过举例五个事实让大学生进一步了解压力。
【1题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：对那些把孩子送进大学的父母说，“这将是你生命中最美好的时光”，再加上一句“如果你能应对大学生活的压力的话”会更加合适。由句意可知，“These will be the best years f yur life”和“yu can handle the stress f cllege life”之间构成条件关系或时间关系，所以该空填连词if或when，空格位于对话的句首，首字母要大写，即If /When。故答案为If /When。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最新的一项研究表明，新生们的情绪健康水平处于1985年开始调查以来的最低水平。分析句子结构，此处考查限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the latest research study，指物，在从句中作主语，所以填which或that引导该定语从句。故答案为that/which。
【3题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在校期间，更多的学生从事兼职和接近全职的工作。毕业时，只有29%的高年级学生得到了工作。由句意可知，此处“得到工作”可以表示客观事实，用一般现在时，也可以表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，用现在完成时，表示已经得到，senirs和ffer之间是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动或现在完成时的被动，即are ffered / have been ffered。故答案为are ffered / have been ffered。
【4题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：让我展示五个事实，我相信每个大学生都应该/必须了解压力。空后是动词原形knw，所以该空填情态动词，由句意可知，此处可以表示“应该”了解或“必须”了解，所以填情态动词shuld / must。故答案为shuld / must。
【5题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：压力导致大脑研究人员称之为的“皮层抑制”。分析句子结构，此处考查宾语从句，从句中缺call的宾语，指物，所以填what来引导该宾语从句。故答案为what。
【6题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果不加控制地承受任何压力，体内会发生许多事情，包括过早衰老和能量消耗。分析句子结构，该空在句中作主语补足语成分，补充说明主语any amunt f stress，此处用形容词unchecked来作主补，表示“未经检查的，不受限制的”。故答案为unchecked。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：当你经常经历负面情绪和高压力时，你的大脑会将其视为正常状态。根据空前提示词recgnizes 可知，该空填介词as，构成短语recgnize…as…，表示“将……视为……”。故答案为as。
【8题详解】
考查时态。句意：一种技巧是放慢你的思维，慢慢呼吸，专注于你所感受到的积极感觉。由句意可知，此处是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语 One technique是单数，谓语动词也要用其单数形式，即invlves。故答案为invlves。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：最后，被你的学习吸引可以减轻压力。分析句子结构，该句子的谓语动词是can lessen，所以该空填非谓语动词，draw和后面的what yu study构成被动关系，所以此处要用动名词的被动，即being drawn来作主语。故答案为being drawn。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：芭芭拉·弗雷德里克森是一位研究积极情绪重要性的国际权威专家，她表示，人类天生就有寻求爱和快乐等积极情绪的基因。由句意可知，空后“ ____10____ (seek) psitive emtins such as lve and jy”进一步修饰了humans are genetically prgrammed，所以此处要用不定式，即t seek来作后置定语。故答案为t seek。
【能力提升】
1. 传统中医安全可靠，最早可追溯到三千多年前，是中国古代人民的智慧结晶。(represent) （汉译英）
【答案】Traditinal Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back t mre than 3,000 years ag, and it represents the wisdm f ancient Chinese peple.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、时态、短语和非限制性定语从句。“传统中医”用名词短语traditinal Chinese medicine，在句中作主语；“安全”用形容词safe表达，“可靠”用形容词reliable表达，在句中作表语；“追溯到”用动词短语date back t表达，“最早可追溯到三千多年前”表达为date back t mre than 3,000 years ag；“是”用动词represent表达；“中国古代人民”用名词短语ancient Chinese peple表达；“中国古代人民的智慧结晶”表达为the wisdm f ancient Chinese peple；根据句意可知此句阐述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；“最早可追溯到三千多年前”可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句表达，which指代traditinal Chinese medicine在从句中作主语；故此句可翻译为：Traditinal Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back t mre than 3,000 years ag, and it represents the wisdm f ancient Chinese peple.
2. 这款聊天软件能够基于用户的要求生成答案，自推出就引发了巨大的争议与轰动。(arise) (汉译英)
【答案】The chat sftware, which can generate answers based n users’ requests, has caused a huge cntrversy and sensatin since it arse.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、从句和时态。分析可知，本句可处理为主从复合句；“这款聊天软件引发了巨大的争议与轰动”是主句，表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语“这款聊天软件”表达为the chat sftware，谓语动词“已经引发”表达为has caused，宾语“巨大的争议与轰动”表达为a huge cntrversy and sensatin；“能够基于用户的要求生成答案”处理为修饰sftware的定语从句，代替先行词sftware在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句，谓语动词“生成”表达为generate，“基于用户的要求”表达为based n users’ requests；“自推出”处理为since引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词“推出”可理解为“出现”，用arise表达，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为The chat sftware, which can generate answers based n users’ requests, has caused a huge cntrversy and sensatin since it arse.
3. 在春暖花开的日子里，人们常常外出游玩，欣赏春天的美景。(when) （汉译英）
【答案】During the warm days f spring when flwers blssm, peple ften travel utside and enjy the beauty f spring.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句意可知，此处描述的是心在的客观情况，全句使用一般现在时态，表示“在春暖的日子里”为介词短语作状语，应译为during the warm days f spring，during位于句首，首字母需大写，“花开的”作定语修饰“日子”应为定语从句，从句中不缺少主语，开花“blssm”为不及物，从句中不需要宾语，所以使用关系副词when，所以定语从句译为when flwers blssm，所以前半句译为“During the warm days f spring when flwers blssm”；表示“人们经常出去游玩”译为peple ften travel utside，“欣赏春天的美景”与“出去游玩”并列，应译为“enjy the beauty f spring”，使用and将并列部分连接，所以后半句译为peple ften travel utside and enjy the beauty f spring。故翻译为During the warm days f spring when flwers blssm, peple ften travel utside and enjy the beauty f spring.
4. 儒教在中国历代盛行数千年,虽地位不如昔日举足轻重,但仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙。(as … as)
【答案】Althugh Cnfucianism, which has been prevalent/widespread in China fr thusands f years,is nt as imprtant as it used t be, it is still a key t understanding the splendid Chinese civilizatin.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句，定语从句和固定短语。表示“虽然”用althugh，其引导让步状语从句；表示“儒教”用Cnfucianism；表示“儒教在中国历代盛行数千年”用which has been prevalent/widespread in China fr thusands f years，该结构中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文的Cnfucianism，同时句子表述动作发生在过去对现在有影响，使用现在完成时，表示“盛行，流行”用prevalent或者widespread；表示“地位不如昔日举足轻重”用is nt as imprtant as it used t be；表示“仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙”用it is still a key t understanding the splendid Chinese civilizatin。故翻译为Althugh Cnfucianism,which has been prevalent/widespread in China fr thusands f years,is nt as imprtant as it used t be, it is still a key t understanding the splendid Chinese civilizatin。
5.博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷清，急需改善。( whse) （2019年春考）
【答案】The prly managed museum, whse exhibits are cvered with dust, attracts few visitrs and needs imprving badly.
【解析】
考点1： 主干梳理,四字短语 博物馆门厅冷清 翻译为the museum has rarely been visited
考点2：定语从句 展品和博物馆从属关系，用whse处理。The museum whse exhibits are cvered with dust
考点3：定语从句 which 急需改善 which is in urgent need f imprvement.
考点4：非谓语或介词短语，“疏于管理”可翻译为 Lacking management 或Fr lack f management
参考答案：Fr lack f management/ Lacking management, the museum whse exhibits are cvered with dust has been rarely visited, which is in urgent need f imprvement.
6. 这条小溪蜿蜒流淌，陪伴着世代居住的村民，见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(cmpany)（2021年春考）
【答案及解析】
The river that winds its way, in the cmpany f the villagers wh have lived there fr generatins, has witnessed the nging changes in the village.
The winding river has kept the villagers’ cmpany wh have lived here fr generatins and witnessed the rapid changes f the village.
The winding stream is in cmpany with the villagers all the time wh have lived here fr generatins, witnessing the rapid changes f the village.
注意此句中的四字语“蜿蜒流淌”winding。wind的作为名词是风的意思，作为动词就是“蜿蜒前进”。“日新月异” rapid changes。此外就是提示词cmpany是名词，因为考纲里给的就是名词，我们首先想到的就是短语：keep sb’s cmpany（变形为keep cmpany f sb）或者in cmpany with。这里个别人用cmpany动词，不过其可以作为动词是词典里面的用法，超出考纲范围，更为重要的是同学们还学到动词accmpany表示陪伴，很少用到cmpany作为动词。这个作为名词，表示“陪伴”属于熟词生义现象。
2022年秋考
This technique may invlve cnducting a physical survey r reading industry specific materials Cnversatins with cnsumers als facilitate the identificatin f their frustratins and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use t enhance a firm.
27 which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustratins and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。
2022年春考
The light is called the aurra. Usually yu can see it nly at the very nrth f the earth,(23)_______it is called aurra brealis r Nrtherm Lights, r at the very suth, where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.
23.where
[解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“r at the very suth,where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。
2021年秋考
Scientists first recgnized this prblem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 peple had becme seriusly ill..
28. which
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。
2021年春考
Otherwise, yu'll need t find a lcal studi(25)______ can be expensive.
25.which /that
【解析】.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studi在从句中作主语。句意为：“否则，你需要找到一个当地的工作室，这可能是昂贵的。”
2020年秋考
This wuld be impssible (28)___withut_____ clcks and watches, (29)________ are all arund us: n walls, n ur wrists, n ur PCs, and even n ur mbiles and iPd's.
29.which
[解析]考查非限制性定语从句，横线之前说到了钟表和手表，横线之后说，“在我们周围的:在墙上和我们手腕上”，可知是对前一句话的补充解说，which引导的定语从句，修饰前一句话末尾的“clcks and watches”，which 充当主语的成分。
2020年春考
The pair annyed the gds f the underwrld with their nisy playing and the tw brthers were tricked int descending int Xibalba (the underwrld) _________ (23) they were challenged t a ball game.
23. where
【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the tw brthers were tricked int... Xibalba (the underwrld)，空后为定语从句they were challenged t a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba，所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba 在从句中作状语。
2019年秋考
Orissa is the hme three mass nesting sites f the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinctin, and ne f the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ arund 70 t 80 millin turtles lay eggs n the beach every year, is cnsidered ne f the wrld’s largest nesting sites.
24.where
[解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which=in the place
2019年春考
S ambitin and the timely realizatin (21) ________ he wuld have t determine “what’s next” n his wn urged Jasn t engage his future self t find directin.
21. that
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he wuld have t determine “what’s next” n his wn为限制性定语从句修饰先行词S ambitin and the timely realizatin，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。
2018年秋考
Smetimes, the parents (28 )_________cmplain abut the rle f screens in family life are just as guilty f spending t much time in frnt f ne.
28.that/wh
[解析]考查定语从句。定语从句，that 充当从句中的主语。
2018年春考
The rms (30) ______ the bys used t live lk vacant. I feel sadness but als jy.
30. where
30.where[解析]考查定语从句。where 引导的句子主谓宾齐全，少了地点状语用 where 作不及物动词 live 的地点状语，where 相当于 in which。因此正确答案为 where。
2017年秋考
In recent years, scientists have finally begun t find prf 23__________ cntact with animals can increase a sick persn’s chance f survival and
23. that
[解析]考查定语从句。scientists have finally begun t find prf that cntact with animals can...科学家们终于开始找到证据证明与动物的接触 that 引导的定语从句。
They are mre easy-ging when there are animals arund, with 29__________ cmpany they tend t calm dwn mre easily.
29.whse
[解析]考查定语从句。They are mre easy-ging when there are animals arund.with whse cmpany they tend t calm dwn mre easily.当周围有动物的时候，他们更容易相处，他们更容易平静下来。cmpany 是名词，前面可用形容词性物主代词。
2017年春考
The mvie starts with a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal 21___________team up t find a missing tter (水獭).
21.wh
[解析] 考查定语从句。考查 wh 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal 。 The mvie stars a rabbit plice fficer and a fx criminal wh team up t find a missing tter.电影的主角免子警官和一名狐狸罪犯联合起来寻找一只失踪的水獭。题型
语法填空
高考考点
定语从句
2022上海秋考
This technique may invlve cnducting a physical survey r reading industry specific materials Cnversatins with cnsumers als facilitate the identificatin f their frustratins and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use t enhance a firm.
【答案】27 which
2022上海春考
The light is called the aurra. Usually yu can see it nly at the very nrth f the earth,(23)_______it is called aurra brealis r Nrtherm Lights, r at the very suth, where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.
【答案】23.where
2021上海秋考
Scientists first recgnized this prblem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 peple had becme seriusly ill..
【答案】28. which
2021上海春考
Otherwise, yu'll need t find a lcal studi(25)______ can be expensive.
【答案】25.which /that
2020上海秋考
This wuld be impssible (28)___withut_____ clcks and watches, (29)________ are all arund us: n walls, n ur wrists, n ur PCs, and even n ur mbiles and iPd's.
【答案】29.which
2020上海春考
The pair annyed the gds f the underwrld with their nisy playing and the tw brthers were tricked int descending int Xibalba (the underwrld) _________ (23) they were challenged t a ball game.
【答案】23. where
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
wh
人
主语、宾语
whm
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语、状语
whse
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all，few，little，much，smething，anything，nthing等不定代词时
先行词被the nly，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和which
的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，knw，expect，say，mentin，reprt等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situatin，pint，activity，case，stage等)
地点状语
why
the reasn
原因状语
相关试卷
新高考英语一轮复习核心考点精讲精练考点06 定语从句（含解析）： 这是一份新高考英语一轮复习核心考点精讲精练考点06 定语从句（含解析），共19页。
考点06 代词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（学生版）： 这是一份考点06 代词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（学生版），共13页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题考点分布， 命题规律及备考策略， 代词it的相关句型，复合不定代词的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点01 名词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（教师版）： 这是一份考点01 名词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（教师版），共25页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题考点分布， 命题规律及备考策略， 名词所有格；，作状语， marriage等内容，欢迎下载使用。
