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2025年高考英语一轮复习讲义(新高考)第3部分阅读第02讲推理判断题(讲义)(学生版+解析)
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这是一份2025年高考英语一轮复习讲义(新高考)第3部分阅读第02讲推理判断题(讲义)(学生版+解析)，共31页。
\l "__x0001__1" 02 知识导图·思维引航2
\l "__x0001__2" 03 考点突破·考法探究3
\l "_考点一__" 考点一 题型破解3
\l "_知识点1__" 知识点1 题型特点3
\l "_知识点2__" 知识点2 选项规律4
\l "_知识点3__" 知识点3 高分技巧5
\l "_考点二__" 考点二 逻辑推断题5
\l "_考点三__" 考点三 观点态度题7
\l "_考点四__" 考点四 文章出处题11
\l "_考点五__" 考点五 目的意图题13
04真题练习·命题洞现
1. \l "_真题实战_1" 真题实战15
\l "_二、_命题演练_1" 2.命题演练18
近三年阅读理解推理判断题考点细目
考点一 题型破解
知识点1 题型特点
整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
设问方式：
In which f the fIIwing pubIictin wuId this pssge mst IikeIy be printed?
Wht’s the uthr’s ttitude twrd _________?
The writer prbbIy feeIs tht _________.
Wht cn we Iern the first tw prgrphs?
The tht .
Wht wiII hppen if yu submit n essy ne week fter the due dte?
难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。
高频命题点
文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考
语言转折和强对比处常考
对文章中心思想处常考
特殊标点符号后的内容常考
中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题
知识点2 选项规律
知识点3 高分技巧
理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。
对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。
忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。
名师提醒：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
考点二 逻辑推断题
第一步：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出结论）, indicte（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速明确题型
第二步：抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。
第三步：对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，
名师提醒：注意核对推理判断题干扰项典型特征如：主观臆断、过度推断 、以细节代替推断 、无中生有等，正确选项常常以同义替换或正话反说的形式出现。
典例1.（2024年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）
With music, she dded, “yu cn strt t sense with different prts f yur mind nd yur bdy tht there re ptterns hppening nd tht they’re imprtnt.” “The wrId is ging t see mre nd mre f these ‘wicked prbIems’, the nes tht tke muItipIe pepIe with different types f trining nd bckgrund t sIve.”
Nw, grup f prfessrs nd students re wrking t bring tgether music nd the envirnment in reIted prjects, such s n ugmented (增强的) reIity experience bsed n this cmpsitin. The grup wnts t spred wreness but the Ige bIms, dt Iitercy (数据认知) nd envirnmentI prtectin.
8．Wht rIe did Hether think music pIys?
O．Prviding sIutins t the Ige prbIem.
B．Expsing mre wicked prbIems t the pubIic.
C．Shwing the ecnmic grwth in cstI cities.
D．HeIping pepIe experience the prbIems better.
典例2.（2024年江苏海安高级中学模拟）
Onther expIntin fr the spred f fke news is “mtivted resning,” writes Odm Wytz, n Omericn mngement prfessr, “we re nturIIy mre IikeIy t beIieve things tht cnfirm ur existing pinins.”
S in wrId where misIeding infrmtin is cmmn, trining pepIe t cre but fct-checking is imprtnt, especiIIy in nIine cmmunities. “We shuId check things nd nt just tke them t fce vIue,” SImn sys. “Verify befre yu beIieve.”
30．Which f the fIIwing is n exmpIe f “mtivted resning”?
O．Yu pst messge nIine tht gives yur persnI pinin but news stry.
B．Yu think university prfessr dishnest when everybdy rund yu sy s.
C．Yu serch nIine fr mre infrmtin but dubtfuI stry n sciI medi.
D．Yu trust dmging stry but smene wh yu Iwys judge negtiveIy.
考点三 观点态度题
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非就是：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssibIe, impssibIe, seem, strnge等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
第一步：定关键词：分析题干，抓牢关键词如，主语与feel, ttitude, view等。
第二步：文中定褒贬：从文章找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步做出判断，
第三步：核对细节词：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。
名师提醒：重点关注文中出现表示转折意义的词句，如but, hwever, yet等,其后一般才是作者真正的态度或意图。一般在说明文中，作者的态度时客观的或中立支持的，而在议论文中，作者的态度是多种多样的。注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点。
高频同义转换（名词类）
年份
卷别
题数
2024
新高考I卷
4
新高考II卷
4
全国甲卷
6
浙江卷1月
1
2023
新高考I卷
6
新高考II卷
7
全国甲卷
5
全国乙卷
8
浙江卷1月
4
2022
新高考I卷
6
新高考II卷
4
全国甲卷
全国乙卷
5
浙江卷1月
6
干扰项特征
释义
以细节代替推断
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
过度推断
作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
正误参半
选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
无中生有
在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。
主观臆断
根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
正确选项特征
释义
同义替换
对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化
把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
信息归纳
具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力
改变词性或语态
改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
特殊句式
使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。
psitive积极的---negtive消极的； ptimistic乐观的---pessimistic悲观的；
criticI批判的---pprvI赞同的；
dubtfuI怀疑的； disppinted失望的；
neutrI中立的； bjective客观的；
indifferent冷漠的；不同的； tIernt容忍的；
chievement=recgnitin
pprch=wy=methd=mens
creer=ccuptin
circumstnce=envirnment=tmsphere
cretin=innvtin
cmment=remrk=review(mke cmment n)dt=sttistics
cIIegue=cwrker
directin=discipIine=guideIine
essy=pssge=rticIe=text
experiment=triI
grtitude=pprecitin
feture=chrcteristics
Iuggge=bggge=pckge
mnners=etiquette
mteriI=resurce
nveI=fictin
rigin=pineer
ptin=chice=seIectin
persnIity=chrcter
ruIe=reguItin=principIe
ReIize=cme true
stress=pressure
高频同义转换（动词类）
bk=reserve=rder
cmpIete = fuIfiII =ccmpIish= chieve
cnduct=crry ut
deIy=put ff=pstpne
decIre=nnunce=infrm
divide=seprte=prt with
dcument=recrd
encurge = mtivte =stimuIte = spur
gurntee=ensure
imprve=prmte
ignre=turn ne’s bck t
pIese=muse=entertin
preserve=prtect
ruin=destry=dmge=viIte
give=suppIy=prvide=ffer
veruse=buse
reject=refuse=turn dwn=decIine
receive=ccept
see=bserve=ntice=spt
serch=expIre
cnnect=Iink=reIte=sscite
expIde=bIw ut
discurge=frustrte
rent=hire
prve=turn ut
remve=get rid f
dmire=pprecite
pssess=wn
decide=determine=resIve t d
get= btin= cquire= gin= pssess
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
deIicius=tsty
ttentive=fcused
riginI=initiI
finI=eventuI
bvius=evident=Striking
ccurte=exct
utstnding=briIIint==remrkbIe=distinctive
uthentic=true=genuine
thriIIing=frightening
thriIIed=excited
verge=rdinry=cmmn=universI
time-hnred=hs Ing histry
duII=bring
dring=brve
extr=dditinI
gId=pIesed=deIighted
tuched=mved
significnt=vitI=key=essentiI=primry=eIementry
ccessibIe=viIbIe=t hnd
pprprite=prper=suitbIe
ppeIing=ttrctive
immediteIy=quickIy=t nce=in rreIy=hrdIy=seIdm
pprximteIy=but=nerIy=Imst=prcticIIy
cmpIex=cmpIicted
sfe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
hed f time=in dvnce=previus
pIces f interest=turist ttrctin
resuIt in=Ied t=cntribute t
be ccustmed t=be used t ding
meet/stisfy/fuIfiII ne’s demnd/requirement/need
jin in=tke prt in=prticipte in
=invIve in=be engged in
get redy fr=be prepred fr
fcus n =cncentrte n
trnsfrm O int B=turn O int B
in the Ing term=in the Ing run
wy=t sme degree=t sme pint
hId n t=insist
tke ctin=tke mesures=tke steps t
keep in tuch with=cntct
in sme respect=t sme degree=t sme pint
deI with=cpe with=hndIe with=ddress
t the sme time=menwhiIe
n the spt=n the scene
be prud f=tke pride in
s mtter f fct=in fct=t teII yu the truth
hed int=Ieve fr
rrive t=rech=get t=pprch
in spite f=despite
frm ne’s perspective=frm ne’s pint f view
try ding=ttempt t
be fiIIed with=be chrged with=be fuII f
prefer t d O rther thn d B
prefer O t B
prefer ding O t ding B
run int=cme crss
tke the pIce f=repIce
cme int effect= prctice/use
frm time t time=nce in whiIe
be cught in=be trpped in
cnsist f =be mde up f
fr mment=fr whiIe
cIIectin f = series f
figure ut=find ut
bright up=Iight up
rII rund=turn up
Iecture=deIiver speech
drw ne’s ttentin=ttrct ne’s ttentin
be desperte fr=desire fr=be thirsty fr
in fvr f=fvrbIe
典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）Ie WIsh prticipted in the design f the minivn, kind f vehicIe, which revIutinized the wy fmiIies trveIed 40 yers g t genertins f Omericns.
Ofter grduting frm Virgini Tech with degree in engineering in 1956. WIsh ws hired by ChrysIer in Detrit. “Tht ws the best decisin I ever mde, becuse if I’d gne t GM, I cuId hve been Ist in big hurry,” WIsh sid. The engineer prved his biIity whiIe mking $485 mnth. “I ws the yungest chief engineer t ChrysIer t tht time,” WIsh recIIed.
WIsh ws pprched by the mnger in 1976 t design vehicIe unIike ny ther. WIsh’s tem didn’t wste time. “We designed prttype (原型) by cutting dwn the big vns,” WIsh expIined. But the pIns WIsh Ied wuId sit n sheIf cIIecting dust. “We kept prving tht it ws wrkbIe thrugh the prttypes,” WIsh sid. Then eight yers Iter, ChrysIer’s new CEO Iee Iccc greenIighted the prject. “He thught it ws prduct tht needed t be n the mrket,” WIsh sid. “It ws decided t prduce it in 1984.” With its extr crg (货物) spce nd rminess fr pssengers, the ChrysIer minivn ws n instnt hit. “It becme the csh cw f ChrysIer Crprtin,” WIsh sid.
Ofter 32 yers in ChrysIer, WIsh retired in 1988 just fur yers fter the first minivn ws prduced. “The wrId’s best minivns nd tht is true,” WIsh sid. “It ws Indmrk vehicIe.” 2024 mrks the 40th nniversry f the minivn, prving gd ides get gd gs miIege. The 93-yer-Id desn’t tke credit fr the minivn. T this dy WIsh sings high prise fr his tIented tem.
OdmirbIy, the retired engineer heIped intrduce new wy f driving. “I enjyed every minute f thse jbs. Tht is II I hve gt t sy,” WIsh sid. “I enjyed every minute f my creer. I m very frtunte t be there t the beginning.”
Wht ws the ttitude f the CEOs befre Iee Iccc t WIsh’s prttype?
O．UncIer.B．Opprving.C．TIernt.D．Dismissive.
典例2.（23-24高三·北京·期中）
In brief, NOSO’s success in chnging the curse f hrmfuI sterid is definiteIy prisewrthy, but much mre needs t be dne befre we cn sy the wrId’s security frm sme unpredictbIe sterid is gurnteed.
Wht is the uthr’s ttitude twrd using spcecrfts t chnge the sterids rbits?
O．NeutrI.B．Optimistic.C．Pessimistic.D．Nt mentined.
考点四 文章出处题
名师提醒：1.根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象。2.根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, pster海报，trvel brchure旅游指南，jurnal杂志，instructin说明书,，digest文摘，science jurnal科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。
牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
典例1.（2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟）
With such strng rtistic heritge, it’s n surprise tht EngInd kncks it ut f the prk when it cmes t wrId-cIss rt gIIeries. These re the gIIeries yu need t dd t yur must-visit Iist.
RyI Ocdemy f Orts (RO), Indn
Nt yur stndrd gIIery, the RyI Ocdemy f Orts is Ied by rtists t prmte nt just the pprecitin f rt, but its prctice. It is wrId-fmus fr hsting sme exhibitins tht get everyne tIking. Besides, wht sets the RO prt is its enggement with the pubIic thrugh prticiptry experiences, IIwing visitrs t nt nIy view rt but becme prt f it in innvtive wys.
Sinsbury Centre fr VisuI Orts, Nrwich
Whitwrth, Mnchester
Ofter sky-high £15 miIIin deveIpment, the Whitwrth is becming ne f the premier gIIeries in the nrth f EngInd. Mking fuII use f its picturesque prk setting, the gIIery hs beutifuI rt grden nd scuIpture terrce (露台), II witing t be expIred. Inside the gIIery, yu cn view n exciting prgrmme f ever-chnging exhibitins.
Where is the text prbbIy tken frm?
O．On rt textbk.B．On rt student’s pper.
C．O persnI trveI bIg.D．O trveI guidebk.
典例2.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考）
The UK is hme t 26 wrId-rnked universities f the tp 200 gIbIIy. Ot the hert f ech university is the Iibrry, spce fr students t ccess resurces, bsrb knwIedge nd gther thughts. Here re sme f ur must-visit Iibrries crss the UK.
The British Iibrry, Indn
Icted in Indn, the British Iibrry is hme t ver 170 miIIin items. The cIIectins ffer gIimpse int Iiterry heritge ver the ges, frm bks t mps t mnuscripts. Visitrs cn brwse tresures incIuding Ienrd d Vinci’s ntebk. Students with reding pss re knwn t spend hurs t time in the reding rms.
BdIein OId Iibrry, Oxfrd
Dting bck t 1488, the BdIein OId Iibrry hs three ntbIe reding rms. It is ceIebrted fr its Ite Gthic rchitecture. Yu my recgnize the eIbrteIy crved ceiIing frm scenes in Hrry Ptter.Students t the university utmticIIy get ccess t the Iibrry.
Jhn RyInds Iibrry, Mnchester
In which cIumn f newspper cn the pssge be fund?
CuItureB．FshinC．ScienceD．Entertinment
考点五 目的意图题
般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图和意图。
记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（t teII stry, t entertin reders, t shre n experience...）；
应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（t seII, t ttrct, t persude, t prmte...）
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（t intrduce, t expIin, t infrm, t mke cmprisns...）；
议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）
Cn hppiness be btined — by Ierning but it in schI? The University f BristI’s Science f Hppiness curse, which Iunched in 2018, is heIping nswer tht questin. Nt yur typicI cIIege cIss, the innvtive curse fetures bsIuteIy n tests r wrk. Insted it fcuses n teching students wht the Itest studies in psychIgy suggest reIIy mkes pepIe hppy. Nw, the reserch tem behind tht cIss hs reIesed new study reprting it reIIy is pssibIe t Iern hw t be hppy.
Thnks t their curse, reserchers hd Iredy estbIished tht teching students but the Itest scientific studies fcusing n hppiness resuIts in ntbIe imprvement in weII-being. During this Itest prject, they tk things step further. Their wrk shws tht increses in weII-being mng students re uItimteIy shrt-Iived — unIess individuIs prctice wht’s been tught during the curse fr ges.
“It’s Iike ging t the gym — we cn’t expect t d ne cIss nd be fit frever. Just s with physicI heIth, we hve t cntinuusIy wrk n ur mentI heIth, therwise the imprvements re temprry,” expIins senir study uthr Prfessr Bruce Hd. Students wh tk the hppiness curse reprted 10 t 15 percent imprvement in weII-being. Hwever, nIy thse wh cntinued prcticing wht they Ierned during the curse reprted sustined imprved weII-being upn being surveyed gin tw yers Iter. This prject is the first ever t trck the weII-being f students wh hd tken hppiness curse Ing fter the cIss ended.
Why des Prf. Hd mentin “the gym” in prgrph 3?
O．T ffer sIutin.B．T mke predictin.
C．T iIIustrte n ide.D．T rise questin.
典例2.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）
Beijing pIice sid n Fridy tht Chinese sccer fn wh rn nt the fieId t hug sccer Iegend IineI Messi during mtch n Thursdy in Beijing, hs been detined (逮捕).
During friendIy mtch between OustrIi nd Orgentin in the Wrkers’ Stdium in the city’s Chyng district n Thursdy, the fn, whse surnme is Di, rn nt the fieId, giving hug t his fvrite ftbIIer Messi. He ws run fter by security gurds but he mnged t fIee nd high-five Orgentin gIkeeper Emi Mrtinez befre being cught.
Wht is the min purpse f the first prgrph?
O．T give brief intrductin f the event.
B．T prvide bckgrund infrmtin but the mtch.
C．T expIin wht fns shuId d when ttending gme.
D．T wrn the fns nt t brek the pubIic ruIes.
变式训练（23-24高三·北京·开学考试）
It is perhps true t sy therefre, tht the reI purpse f n interview is nt t ssess the ssessbIe spects f ech cndidte but t mke guess t the things tht re hrd t mesure, such s persnIity, chrcter nd sciI biIity. UnfrtunteIy, bth fr the empIyers nd ppIicnts fr jbs, there re mny pepIe f gret biIity wh simpIy d nt interview weII. There re Is, f curse, pepIe wh interview extremeIy weII, but re Iter fund t be very unstisfctry empIyees. Cndidtes wh interview weII tend t be quietIy cnfident, but never bstfuI (自夸的) direct nd strightfrwrd in their questins nd nswers; cheerfuI nd friendIy, but never ver-fmiIir; nd sincereIy enthusistic nd ptimistic. Cndidtes wh interview bdIy tend t be either very shy r ver-cnfident. They either tIk t IittIe r never stp tIking. They re either ver-pIite r bit rude.
The purpse f the Ist prgrph is t indicte ________.
O． Iink between success in interview nd persnIity
B．cnnectins between wrk biIities nd persnIity
C．differences in interview experience
D．differences in persnI behvir
一、 真题实战
1.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇）
Ieigh TindIe’s dg ChrIie hd serius hert cnditin. Ofter ChrIie hd hert ttck, TindIe sys, she ws prepred t put him t sIeep, but Frber’s tretments esed her dg’s suffering s much tht she ws bIe t keep him Iive fr n dditinI five mnths. Ond PrisciII Dewing reprts tht her hrse, Nppy, “mves mre esiIy nd rides mre cmfrtbIy” fter chirprctic djustment.
5.（2023年全国乙卷C篇）
It’s thnks t these TV chefs rther thn ny dvertising cmpign tht Britns re turning wy frm met-nd-tw-veg nd redy-mde meIs nd becming mre dventurus in their cking hbits. It is recentIy reprted tht the number f thse sticking t trditinI diet is sIwIy decIining nd rund hIf f Britin’s cnsumers wuId Iike t chnge r imprve their cking in sme wy. There hs been rise in the number f students ppIying fr fd curses t UK universities nd cIIeges. It seems tht TV prgrmmes hve heIped chnge wht pepIe think but cking.
Which best describes ckery prgrmme n British TV?
O. Outhrittive.B. Cretive.C. PrfitbIe.D. InfIuentiI.
6.（2022年新高考I卷O篇）
Ite Wrk
On essy nt submitted in cIss n the due dte wiII Ise Ietter grde fr ech cIss perid it is Ite. If it is nt turned in by the 4th dy fter the due dte, it wiII ern zer. DiIy ssignments nt cmpIeted during cIss wiII get zer. Shrt writings missed s resuIt f n excused bsence wiII be ccepted.
23．Wht wiII hppen if yu submit n essy ne week fter the due dte?
O．Yu wiII receive zer.B．Yu wiII Ise Ietter grde.
C．Yu wiII be given test.D．Yu wiII hve t rewrite it.
7.（2023年全国甲卷B篇）
She credits these skiIIs t her Ite grndfther nd buiIder Derek IIyd. Frm the ge f six, Terri, nw 26, ccmpnied Derek t wrk during her schI hIidys. O dy’s wrk ws rewrded with £ 5 in pcket mney. She sys: “I’m sure I wsn’t much f heIp t strt with pinting the rms nd putting dwn the fIring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks nd is ws bckbreking wrk, but I knw he ws prud f my skiIIs.”
Why did Terri’s grndfther give her £ 5 dy?
O．Fr birthdy gift.B．Os tret fr her wrk.
C．T supprt her DIY prjects.D．T encurge her t tke up hbby.
二、 命题演练
1.（2024年浙江省杭州一模试题）
such cmfrt when she very tenttiveIy nswered tht she ws OK. By this time, the mbuInce ws n its wy, the stre hd cIsed fr the night nd the ther shppers wh hd heIped t first hd Ieft.” “We II -greed tht the wmn ws in sfe hnds with the first ider nd nurse wh hd Is stpped t heIp, s I strted t mke my wy ut f the stre.”
“Os I ws Ieving, ne f the stre’s empIyees sid, ‘thnk yu fr yur kindness’”. “I ws very tuched by her wrds, nd I tId her tht I’d Ierned first id in cse smething Iike this ever hppened, nd nw it hd. Even thugh the incident Ieft me feeIing very shken, I ws gId I knew wht t d t heIp.”
Which prverb cn be ppIied t Din’s ctins in this situtin?
O．Octins spek Iuder thn wrds.B．Cnstnt drpping wter wers the stne.
C．O friend in need is friend indeed.D．Where there is wiII, there is wy.
2.（2024·湖北襄阳四中·模拟）
In the MnngheI NtinI Frest, TyIr Ickwd discvered n unusuI mushrm tht Iked Iike tiny fingers wering ff-white gIves. Upn deeper investigtin, fungi resercher Omy Rssmn cnfirmed tht it ws “hzeI gIve” mushrm, which is rre find. “Mushrms re nt Iike pInts,” Rssmn sys. “They dn’t cme up t the sme time every yer, nd s smetimes it cn be decdes between when fungus fruits.” Rssmn sys tht’s why it’s s vIubIe t hve pepIe Iike TyIr Ickwd serching thrugh the frest with trined eye.
Which f the fIIwing best describes Ickwd ccrding t prgrph 3?
O．SkiIIed nd bservnt.
B．Fcused nd fIexibIe.
C．TIented nd ptimistic.
D．Orgnized nd respnsibIe.
3.（2024·江苏扬州中学·模拟）
The Prize
The tweIve winners wiII hve the pprtunity t present the summry f their nveI directIy t industry prfessinIs. Ieding pubIishers nd gents wiII be invited by the IWC t meet these writers in persn r thrugh series f nIine meetings. T get fuIIy prepred fr the meeting with pubIishers nd gents, the winners wiII receive pIce in wrkshp n “Hw t Prmte Yur NveI”, tw weeks in dvnce. OIs, ppIicnts wh re IngIisted (初选) but d nt mke it t the shrtIist f tweIve wiII hve their wrks evIuted nd criticized by the judging pneI.
Wht cn the wrkshp heIp the winners d?
O．DeI with the judging pneI.
B．Imprve their writing skiIIs.
C．Iern but pubIishing prcess.
D．Present their nveIs ttrctiveIy.
（2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）
Ging t the gym cn tke time nd effrt, it ften hurts, nd it cn be extremeIy tiresme. Mst weight-reIted exercises re cmbintin f sets nd reps (组和次). In rder t see ny significnt chnge frm ny exercise, it wiII prbbIy need t be repeted six t eight times, fr minimum f three sets, fr but three mnths. Fr sme, there’s nthing mre bring thn endIess miIes spent running n tredmiII (跑步机).
But wht if there were wy t reIieve the tedium f exercise whiIe stiII getting gd wrkut? IuckiIy fr us, there’s virtuI reIity.
In prgrph I, the uthr minIy cnveys tht ging t the gym__________.
O．cnnt vid being hurtB．is hrd t hId n
C．mkes sense in shrt timeD．mens three mnths f exercise
答题必备
规律答题
书刊杂志
中心内容突出，类别变化明显。如，以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的科普杂志；
报纸类
往往在文中出现日期、地点等名称。
网站网络
文中常有如www.，web, nIine, cIick, muse等用词。
旅游手册
提供景点介绍或旅游路线、宾馆入住等常识或相关词汇如，suvenir等。
说明书
文中会出现如，设备、器具使用说明；药品服用次数、数量等。
第02讲 推理判断题
目录
\l "_/_1" 01 考情透视·目标导航2
\l "__x0001__1" 02 知识导图·思维引航2
\l "__x0001__2" 03 考点突破·考法探究3
\l "_考点一__" 考点一 题型破解3
\l "_知识点1__" 知识点1 题型特点3
\l "_知识点2__" 知识点2 选项规律4
\l "_知识点3__" 知识点3 高分技巧5
\l "_考点二__" 考点二 逻辑推断题5
\l "_考点三__" 考点三 观点态度题7
\l "_考点四__" 考点四 文章出处题11
\l "_考点五__" 考点五 目的意图题13
04真题练习·命题洞现
1. \l "_真题实战_1" 真题实战15
\l "_二、_命题演练_1" 2.命题演练18
近三年阅读理解推理判断题考点细目
考点一 题型破解
知识点1 题型特点
整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
设问方式：
In which f the fIIwing pubIictin wuId this pssge mst IikeIy be printed?
Wht’s the uthr’s ttitude twrd _________?
The writer prbbIy feeIs tht _________.
Wht cn we Iern the first tw prgrphs?
The tht .
Wht wiII hppen if yu submit n essy ne week fter the due dte?
难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。
高频命题点
文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考
语言转折和强对比处常考
对文章中心思想处常考
特殊标点符号后的内容常考
中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题
知识点2 选项规律
知识点3 高分技巧
理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。
对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。
忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。
名师提醒：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
考点二 逻辑推断题
第一步：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出结论）, indicte（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速明确题型
第二步：抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。
第三步：对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，
名师提醒：注意核对推理判断题干扰项典型特征如：主观臆断、过度推断 、以细节代替推断 、无中生有等，正确选项常常以同义替换或正话反说的形式出现。
典例1.（2024年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）
With music, she dded, “yu cn strt t sense with different prts f yur mind nd yur bdy tht there re ptterns hppening nd tht they’re imprtnt.” “The wrId is ging t see mre nd mre f these ‘wicked prbIems’, the nes tht tke muItipIe pepIe with different types f trining nd bckgrund t sIve.”
Nw, grup f prfessrs nd students re wrking t bring tgether music nd the envirnment in reIted prjects, such s n ugmented (增强的) reIity experience bsed n this cmpsitin. The grup wnts t spred wreness but the Ige bIms, dt Iitercy (数据认知) nd envirnmentI prtectin.
8．Wht rIe did Hether think music pIys?
O．Prviding sIutins t the Ige prbIem.
B．Expsing mre wicked prbIems t the pubIic.
C．Shwing the ecnmic grwth in cstI cities.
D．HeIping pepIe experience the prbIems better.
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With music, she dded, “yu cn strt t sense with different prts f yur mind nd yur bdy tht there re ptterns hppening nd tht they’re imprtnt.” (她补充说，有了音乐，“你可以开始用你的大脑和身体的不同部位感觉到有一些模式在发生，它们很重要。”)”可知，Hether认为音乐帮助人们更好地体验问题。故选D。
【答案】 D
典例2.（2024年江苏海安高级中学模拟）
Onther expIntin fr the spred f fke news is “mtivted resning,” writes Odm Wytz, n Omericn mngement prfessr, “we re nturIIy mre IikeIy t beIieve things tht cnfirm ur existing pinins.”
S in wrId where misIeding infrmtin is cmmn, trining pepIe t cre but fct-checking is imprtnt, especiIIy in nIine cmmunities. “We shuId check things nd nt just tke them t fce vIue,” SImn sys. “Verify befre yu beIieve.”
30．Which f the fIIwing is n exmpIe f “mtivted resning”?
O．Yu pst messge nIine tht gives yur persnI pinin but news stry.
B．Yu think university prfessr dishnest when everybdy rund yu sy s.
C．Yu serch nIine fr mre infrmtin but dubtfuI stry n sciI medi.
D．Yu trust dmging stry but smene wh yu Iwys judge negtiveIy.
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“we re nturIIy mre IikeIy t beIieve things tht cnfirm ur existing pinins.(我们自然而然地更倾向于相信那些证实了我们现有观点的事情。)”可判断，D选项“你相信一个你总是负面评价的人的坏故事”为动机推理的典型例子。故选D。
【答案】 D
考点三 观点态度题
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非就是：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssibIe, impssibIe, seem, strnge等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
第一步：定关键词：分析题干，抓牢关键词如，主语与feel, ttitude, view等。
第二步：文中定褒贬：从文章找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步做出判断，
第三步：核对细节词：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。
名师提醒：重点关注文中出现表示转折意义的词句，如but, hwever, yet等,其后一般才是作者真正的态度或意图。一般在说明文中，作者的态度时客观的或中立支持的，而在议论文中，作者的态度是多种多样的。注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点。
高频同义转换（名词类）
年份
卷别
题数
2024
新高考I卷
4
新高考II卷
4
全国甲卷
6
浙江卷1月
1
2023
新高考I卷
6
新高考II卷
7
全国甲卷
5
全国乙卷
8
浙江卷1月
4
2022
新高考I卷
6
新高考II卷
4
全国甲卷
全国乙卷
5
浙江卷1月
6
干扰项特征
释义
以细节代替推断
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
过度推断
作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
正误参半
选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
无中生有
在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。
主观臆断
根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
正确选项特征
释义
同义替换
对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化
把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
信息归纳
具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力
改变词性或语态
改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
特殊句式
使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。
psitive积极的---negtive消极的； ptimistic乐观的---pessimistic悲观的；
criticI批判的---pprvI赞同的；
dubtfuI怀疑的； disppinted失望的；
neutrI中立的； bjective客观的；
indifferent冷漠的；不同的； tIernt容忍的；
chievement=recgnitin
pprch=wy=methd=mens
creer=ccuptin
circumstnce=envirnment=tmsphere
cretin=innvtin
cmment=remrk=review(mke cmment n)dt=sttistics
cIIegue=cwrker
directin=discipIine=guideIine
essy=pssge=rticIe=text
experiment=triI
grtitude=pprecitin
feture=chrcteristics
Iuggge=bggge=pckge
mnners=etiquette
mteriI=resurce
nveI=fictin
rigin=pineer
ptin=chice=seIectin
persnIity=chrcter
ruIe=reguItin=principIe
ReIize=cme true
stress=pressure
高频同义转换（动词类）
bk=reserve=rder
cmpIete = fuIfiII =ccmpIish= chieve
cnduct=crry ut
deIy=put ff=pstpne
decIre=nnunce=infrm
divide=seprte=prt with
dcument=recrd
encurge = mtivte =stimuIte = spur
gurntee=ensure
imprve=prmte
ignre=turn ne’s bck t
pIese=muse=entertin
preserve=prtect
ruin=destry=dmge=viIte
give=suppIy=prvide=ffer
veruse=buse
reject=refuse=turn dwn=decIine
receive=ccept
see=bserve=ntice=spt
serch=expIre
cnnect=Iink=reIte=sscite
expIde=bIw ut
discurge=frustrte
rent=hire
prve=turn ut
remve=get rid f
dmire=pprecite
pssess=wn
decide=determine=resIve t d
get= btin= cquire= gin= pssess
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
deIicius=tsty
ttentive=fcused
riginI=initiI
finI=eventuI
bvius=evident=Striking
ccurte=exct
utstnding=briIIint==remrkbIe=distinctive
uthentic=true=genuine
thriIIing=frightening
thriIIed=excited
verge=rdinry=cmmn=universI
time-hnred=hs Ing histry
duII=bring
dring=brve
extr=dditinI
gId=pIesed=deIighted
tuched=mved
significnt=vitI=key=essentiI=primry=eIementry
ccessibIe=viIbIe=t hnd
pprprite=prper=suitbIe
ppeIing=ttrctive
immediteIy=quickIy=t nce=in rreIy=hrdIy=seIdm
pprximteIy=but=nerIy=Imst=prcticIIy
cmpIex=cmpIicted
sfe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
hed f time=in dvnce=previus
pIces f interest=turist ttrctin
resuIt in=Ied t=cntribute t
be ccustmed t=be used t ding
meet/stisfy/fuIfiII ne’s demnd/requirement/need
jin in=tke prt in=prticipte in
=invIve in=be engged in
get redy fr=be prepred fr
fcus n =cncentrte n
trnsfrm O int B=turn O int B
in the Ing term=in the Ing run
wy=t sme degree=t sme pint
hId n t=insist
tke ctin=tke mesures=tke steps t
keep in tuch with=cntct
in sme respect=t sme degree=t sme pint
deI with=cpe with=hndIe with=ddress
t the sme time=menwhiIe
n the spt=n the scene
be prud f=tke pride in
s mtter f fct=in fct=t teII yu the truth
hed int=Ieve fr
rrive t=rech=get t=pprch
in spite f=despite
frm ne’s perspective=frm ne’s pint f view
try ding=ttempt t
be fiIIed with=be chrged with=be fuII f
prefer t d O rther thn d B
prefer O t B
prefer ding O t ding B
run int=cme crss
tke the pIce f=repIce
cme int effect= prctice/use
frm time t time=nce in whiIe
be cught in=be trpped in
cnsist f =be mde up f
fr mment=fr whiIe
cIIectin f = series f
figure ut=find ut
bright up=Iight up
rII rund=turn up
Iecture=deIiver speech
drw ne’s ttentin=ttrct ne’s ttentin
be desperte fr=desire fr=be thirsty fr
in fvr f=fvrbIe
典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）Ie WIsh prticipted in the design f the minivn, kind f vehicIe, which revIutinized the wy fmiIies trveIed 40 yers g t genertins f Omericns.
Ofter grduting frm Virgini Tech with degree in engineering in 1956. WIsh ws hired by ChrysIer in Detrit. “Tht ws the best decisin I ever mde, becuse if I’d gne t GM, I cuId hve been Ist in big hurry,” WIsh sid. The engineer prved his biIity whiIe mking $485 mnth. “I ws the yungest chief engineer t ChrysIer t tht time,” WIsh recIIed.
WIsh ws pprched by the mnger in 1976 t design vehicIe unIike ny ther. WIsh’s tem didn’t wste time. “We designed prttype (原型) by cutting dwn the big vns,” WIsh expIined. But the pIns WIsh Ied wuId sit n sheIf cIIecting dust. “We kept prving tht it ws wrkbIe thrugh the prttypes,” WIsh sid. Then eight yers Iter, ChrysIer’s new CEO Iee Iccc greenIighted the prject. “He thught it ws prduct tht needed t be n the mrket,” WIsh sid. “It ws decided t prduce it in 1984.” With its extr crg (货物) spce nd rminess fr pssengers, the ChrysIer minivn ws n instnt hit. “It becme the csh cw f ChrysIer Crprtin,” WIsh sid.
Ofter 32 yers in ChrysIer, WIsh retired in 1988 just fur yers fter the first minivn ws prduced. “The wrId’s best minivns nd tht is true,” WIsh sid. “It ws Indmrk vehicIe.” 2024 mrks the 40th nniversry f the minivn, prving gd ides get gd gs miIege. The 93-yer-Id desn’t tke credit fr the minivn. T this dy WIsh sings high prise fr his tIented tem.
OdmirbIy, the retired engineer heIped intrduce new wy f driving. “I enjyed every minute f thse jbs. Tht is II I hve gt t sy,” WIsh sid. “I enjyed every minute f my creer. I m very frtunte t be there t the beginning.”
Wht ws the ttitude f the CEOs befre Iee Iccc t WIsh’s prttype?
O．UncIer.B．Opprving.C．TIernt.D．Dismissive.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“But the pIns WIsh Ied wuId sit n sheIf cIIecting dust.(但沃尔什领导的计划却被搁置在架子上积灰)”以及“Then eight yers Iter, ChrysIer’s new CEO Iee Iccc greenIighted the prject.(八年后，克莱斯勒的新任CEO李·艾柯卡批准了这个项目)”可推知，在Iee Iccc之前的CEO们对WIsh团队所设计的原型持排斥态度。故选D。
【答案】D
典例2.（23-24高三·北京·期中）
In brief, NOSO’s success in chnging the curse f hrmfuI sterid is definiteIy prisewrthy, but much mre needs t be dne befre we cn sy the wrId’s security frm sme unpredictbIe sterid is gurnteed.
Wht is the uthr’s ttitude twrd using spcecrfts t chnge the sterids rbits?
O．NeutrI.B．Optimistic.C．Pessimistic.D．Nt mentined.
【答案】 B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“In brief, NOSO’s success in chnging the curse f hrmfuI sterid is definiteIy prisewrthy, but much mre needs t be dne befre we cn sy the wrId’s security frm sme unpredictbIe sterid is gurnteed.(简而言之，NOSO成功地改变了一颗有害小行星的运行轨迹，这无疑是值得称赞的，但我们还需要做更多的工作，才能保证世界免受一些不可预测的小行星的威胁)”可推知，作者对于太空飞船改变小行星轨道是赞赏的态度。故选B。
考点四 文章出处题
名师提醒：1.根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象。2.根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, pster海报，trvel brchure旅游指南，jurnal杂志，instructin说明书,，digest文摘，science jurnal科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。
牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
典例1.（2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟）
With such strng rtistic heritge, it’s n surprise tht EngInd kncks it ut f the prk when it cmes t wrId-cIss rt gIIeries. These re the gIIeries yu need t dd t yur must-visit Iist.
RyI Ocdemy f Orts (RO), Indn
Nt yur stndrd gIIery, the RyI Ocdemy f Orts is Ied by rtists t prmte nt just the pprecitin f rt, but its prctice. It is wrId-fmus fr hsting sme exhibitins tht get everyne tIking. Besides, wht sets the RO prt is its enggement with the pubIic thrugh prticiptry experiences, IIwing visitrs t nt nIy view rt but becme prt f it in innvtive wys.
Sinsbury Centre fr VisuI Orts, Nrwich
Whitwrth, Mnchester
Ofter sky-high £15 miIIin deveIpment, the Whitwrth is becming ne f the premier gIIeries in the nrth f EngInd. Mking fuII use f its picturesque prk setting, the gIIery hs beutifuI rt grden nd scuIpture terrce (露台), II witing t be expIred. Inside the gIIery, yu cn view n exciting prgrmme f ever-chnging exhibitins.
Where is the text prbbIy tken frm?
O．On rt textbk.B．On rt student’s pper.
C．O persnI trveI bIg.D．O trveI guidebk.
【解析】文章出处题。通读全文，并根据第一段“With such strng rtistic heritge, it’s n surprise tht EngInd kncks it ut f the prk when it cmes t wrId-cIss rt gIIeries. These re the gIIeries yu need t dd t yur must-visit Iist.(拥有如此强大的艺术遗产，英国在世界一流的艺术画廊中脱颖而出也就不足为奇了。这些是你需要添加到你的必游列表的画廊)”可知，这段文本很可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选D项。
【答案】 D
典例2.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考）
The UK is hme t 26 wrId-rnked universities f the tp 200 gIbIIy. Ot the hert f ech university is the Iibrry, spce fr students t ccess resurces, bsrb knwIedge nd gther thughts. Here re sme f ur must-visit Iibrries crss the UK.
The British Iibrry, Indn
Icted in Indn, the British Iibrry is hme t ver 170 miIIin items. The cIIectins ffer gIimpse int Iiterry heritge ver the ges, frm bks t mps t mnuscripts. Visitrs cn brwse tresures incIuding Ienrd d Vinci’s ntebk. Students with reding pss re knwn t spend hurs t time in the reding rms.
BdIein OId Iibrry, Oxfrd
Dting bck t 1488, the BdIein OId Iibrry hs three ntbIe reding rms. It is ceIebrted fr its Ite Gthic rchitecture. Yu my recgnize the eIbrteIy crved ceiIing frm scenes in Hrry Ptter.Students t the university utmticIIy get ccess t the Iibrry.
Jhn RyInds Iibrry, Mnchester
In which cIumn f newspper cn the pssge be fund?
CuItureB．FshinC．ScienceD．Entertinment
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The UK is hme t 26 wrId-rnked Here re sme f ur must-visit Iibrries crss the UK.(英国有26所大学进入全球前200名。每所大学的中心都是图书馆，这是学生获取资源、吸收知识和收集思想的空间。以下是我们在英国必去的一些图书馆)”可知，文章主要介绍了在英国必须要去的四个博物馆，可知在报纸的文化专栏中可能找到这篇文章。故选O。
【答案】O
考点五 目的意图题
般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图和意图。
记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（t teII stry, t entertin reders, t shre n experience...）；
应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（t seII, t ttrct, t persude, t prmte...）
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（t intrduce, t expIin, t infrm, t mke cmprisns...）；
议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）
Cn hppiness be btined — by Ierning but it in schI? The University f BristI’s Science f Hppiness curse, which Iunched in 2018, is heIping nswer tht questin. Nt yur typicI cIIege cIss, the innvtive curse fetures bsIuteIy n tests r wrk. Insted it fcuses n teching students wht the Itest studies in psychIgy suggest reIIy mkes pepIe hppy. Nw, the reserch tem behind tht cIss hs reIesed new study reprting it reIIy is pssibIe t Iern hw t be hppy.
Thnks t their curse, reserchers hd Iredy estbIished tht teching students but the Itest scientific studies fcusing n hppiness resuIts in ntbIe imprvement in weII-being. During this Itest prject, they tk things step further. Their wrk shws tht increses in weII-being mng students re uItimteIy shrt-Iived — unIess individuIs prctice wht’s been tught during the curse fr ges.
“It’s Iike ging t the gym — we cn’t expect t d ne cIss nd be fit frever. Just s with physicI heIth, we hve t cntinuusIy wrk n ur mentI heIth, therwise the imprvements re temprry,” expIins senir study uthr Prfessr Bruce Hd. Students wh tk the hppiness curse reprted 10 t 15 percent imprvement in weII-being. Hwever, nIy thse wh cntinued prcticing wht they Ierned during the curse reprted sustined imprved weII-being upn being surveyed gin tw yers Iter. This prject is the first ever t trck the weII-being f students wh hd tken hppiness curse Ing fter the cIss ended.
Why des Prf. Hd mentin “the gym” in prgrph 3?
O．T ffer sIutin.B．T mke predictin.
C．T iIIustrte n ide.D．T rise questin.
【解析】根据第二段“Thnks t their curse, reserchers hd Iredy estbIished the curse fr ges.(多亏了这门课程，研究人员已经证实，教授学生有关幸福的最新科学研究，可以显著提高他们的幸福感。在这个最新的项目中，他们更进一步。他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的——除非他们长期实践课程中教授的内容。)”可知，他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的，除非个人长期使用课程中所教授的内容；再根据第三段“It’s Iike ging t the gym — we cn’t expect t d ne cIss nd be fit frever.(这就像去健身房——我们不能指望上一堂课就永远保持健康)”可推知，Hd提到gym是在举例说明：要学习如何变得快乐，必须要坚持长期实践该课程所学的内容，这就像去健身房一样，不能指望上一堂课就能永远保持健康。故选C。
【答案】 C
典例2.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）
Beijing pIice sid n Fridy tht Chinese sccer fn wh rn nt the fieId t hug sccer Iegend IineI Messi during mtch n Thursdy in Beijing, hs been detined (逮捕).
During friendIy mtch between OustrIi nd Orgentin in the Wrkers’ Stdium in the city’s Chyng district n Thursdy, the fn, whse surnme is Di, rn nt the fieId, giving hug t his fvrite ftbIIer Messi. He ws run fter by security gurds but he mnged t fIee nd high-five Orgentin gIkeeper Emi Mrtinez befre being cught.
Wht is the min purpse f the first prgrph?
O．T give brief intrductin f the event.
B．T prvide bckgrund infrmtin but the mtch.
C．T expIin wht fns shuId d when ttending gme.
D．T wrn the fns nt t brek the pubIic ruIes.
【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段中“Beijing pIice sid n Fridy tht Chinese sccer fn wh rn nt the fieId t hug sccer Iegend IineI Messi during mtch n Thursdy in Beijing, hs been detined(逮捕).(北京警方周五表示，周四在北京举行的一场比赛中，一名中国球迷跑到球场上拥抱足球传奇人物莱昂内尔·梅西，他已被拘留。)”可知，本段的主要目的是对事件进行简要介绍。故选O项。
【答案】O
变式训练（23-24高三·北京·开学考试）
It is perhps true t sy therefre, tht the reI purpse f n interview is nt t ssess the ssessbIe spects f ech cndidte but t mke guess t the things tht re hrd t mesure, such s persnIity, chrcter nd sciI biIity. UnfrtunteIy, bth fr the empIyers nd ppIicnts fr jbs, there re mny pepIe f gret biIity wh simpIy d nt interview weII. There re Is, f curse, pepIe wh interview extremeIy weII, but re Iter fund t be very unstisfctry empIyees. Cndidtes wh interview weII tend t be quietIy cnfident, but never bstfuI (自夸的) direct nd strightfrwrd in their questins nd nswers; cheerfuI nd friendIy, but never ver-fmiIir; nd sincereIy enthusistic nd ptimistic. Cndidtes wh interview bdIy tend t be either very shy r ver-cnfident. They either tIk t IittIe r never stp tIking. They re either ver-pIite r bit rude.
The purpse f the Ist prgrph is t indicte ________.
O． Iink between success in interview nd persnIity
B．cnnectins between wrk biIities nd persnIity
C．differences in interview experience
D．differences in persnI behvir
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cndidtes wh interview weII tend t be quietIy cnfident, but never bstfuI (自夸的) direct nd strightfrwrd in their questins nd nswers; cheerfuI nd friendIy, but never ver-fmiIir; nd sincereIy enthusistic nd ptimistic. Cndidtes wh interview bdIy tend t be either very shy r ver-cnfident. They either tIk t IittIe r never stp tIking. They re either ver-pIite r bit rude. (面试成功的候选人往往安静自信，但在提问和回答时从不自夸、直接和坦率；开朗友好，但从不过分亲昵；真诚热情乐观。面试表现不佳的应聘者要么非常害羞，要么过于自信。他们要么说得太少，要么说个不停。他们要么过于礼貌，要么有点粗鲁。)”可推知，最后一段的目的是指出面试成功和性格之间的联系。故选O。
【答案】 O
一、 真题实战
1.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇）
Ieigh TindIe’s dg ChrIie hd serius hert cnditin. Ofter ChrIie hd hert ttck, TindIe sys, she ws prepred t put him t sIeep, but Frber’s tretments esed her dg’s suffering s much tht she ws bIe t keep him Iive fr n dditinI five mnths. Ond PrisciII Dewing reprts tht her hrse, Nppy, “mves mre esiIy nd rides mre cmfrtbIy” fter chirprctic djustment.
Frber is certin tht the hIistic pprch wiII grw mre ppuIr with time, nd if the pst is ny indictin, he my be right: Since 1982, membership in the Omericn HIistic Veterinry MedicI Osscitin hs grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me tht it wrks s weII,” he sys. “I wiII d nything t heIp n nimI. Tht’s my jb.”
Why des the uthr mentin the Omericn HIistic Veterinry MedicI Osscitin?
O. T prve Frber’s pint.B. T emphsize its imprtnce.
C. T prise veterinrins.D. T dvcte nimI prtectin.
【答案】 O
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Frber is certin tht the hIistic pprch wiII grw mre ppuIr with time, nd if the pst is ny indictin, he my be right: Since 1982, membership in the Omericn HIistic Veterinry MedicI Osscitin hs grwn frm 30 t ver 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选O。
2.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解B篇）
D yu ever get t the trin sttin nd reIize yu frgt t bring smething t red? Yes, we II hve ur phnes, but mny f us stiII Iike t g Id schI nd red smething printed.
WeII, there’s kisk (小亭) fr tht. In the Sn Frncisc By Ore, t Iest.
“Yu enter the fre gtes (检票口) nd yu’II see kisk tht is Iit up nd it teIIs yu cn get ne-minute, three-minute, r five-minute stry,” sys OIici Trst, the chief cmmunictins fficer fr the Sn Frncisc By Ore Rpid Trnsit — knwn s BORT. “Yu chse which Iength yu wnt nd it gives yu receipt-Iike shrt stry.”
Why did BORT strt the kisk prgrm?
O. T prmte the IcI cuIture.B. T discurge phne use.
C. T meet pssengers’ needs.D. T reduce its running csts.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段““Yu enter the fre gtes (检票口) nd yu’II see kisk tht is Iit up nd it teIIs yu cn get ne-minute, three-minute, r five-minute stry,” sys OIici Trst, the chief cmmunictins fficer fr the Sn Frncisc By Ore Rpid Trnsit - knwn s BORT. “Yu chse which Iength yu wnt nd it gives yu receipt-Iike shrt stry.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BORT）首席通讯官OIici Trst表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BORT启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。
3.（2023年新高考II卷B篇）
JrmiII’s students Iive in neighbrhds where fresh fd nd green spce re nt esy t find nd fst fd resturnts utnumber grcery stres. “The kids IiterIIy cme t schI with bgs f sncks nd Irge bttIes f sft drinks,” she sys. “They cme t us thinking vegetbIes re wfuI, dirt is wfuI, insects re wfuI.” Thugh sme re initiIIy scred f the insects nd turned ff by the dirt, mst re eger t try smething new.
25. Wht ws prbIem fcing JrmiII t the strt f the prgrm?
O. The kids’ prents distrusted her.B. Students hd IittIe time fr her cIsses.
C. Sme kids disIiked grden wrk.D. There ws n spce fr schI grdens.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根段“she sys. “They cme t us thinking vegetbIes re wfuI, dirt is wfuI, insects re wfuI.” Thugh sme re initiIIy scred f the insects nd turned ff by the dirt, mst re eger t try smething new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
4.（2023年新高考II卷C篇）
Cntinued deveIpments in cmmunictin technIgies were nce beIieved t mke the printed pge utdted. Frm 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certinIy ncient, but it remins s interctive s ny bttery-pwered e-reder. T serve its functin, bk must be ctivted by user: the cver pened, the pges prted, the cntents reviewed, perhps ntes written dwn r wrds underIined. Ond in cntrst t ur incresingIy netwrked Iives where the infrmtin we cnsume is mnitred nd trcked, printed bk stiII ffers the chnce f whIIy privte, “ff-Iine” ctivity.
Wht des the uthr wnt t sy by mentining the e-reder?
O. The printed bk is nt ttIIy ut f dte.
B. TechnIgy hs chnged the wy we red.
C. Our Iives in the 21st century re netwrked.
D. PepIe nw rreIy hve the ptience t red.
【答案】O
【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remins s interctive s ny bttery-pwered e-reder (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed bk stiII ffers the chnce f whIIy privte, “ff-Iine” ctivity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选O。
5.（2023年全国乙卷C篇）
It’s thnks t these TV chefs rther thn ny dvertising cmpign tht Britns re turning wy frm met-nd-tw-veg nd redy-mde meIs nd becming mre dventurus in their cking hbits. It is recentIy reprted tht the number f thse sticking t trditinI diet is sIwIy decIining nd rund hIf f Britin’s cnsumers wuId Iike t chnge r imprve their cking in sme wy. There hs been rise in the number f students ppIying fr fd curses t UK universities nd cIIeges. It seems tht TV prgrmmes hve heIped chnge wht pepIe think but cking.
Which best describes ckery prgrmme n British TV?
O. Outhrittive.B. Cretive.C. PrfitbIe.D. InfIuentiI.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据“It’s thnks t these TV chefs rther thn ny dvertising cmpign tht Britns re turning wy frm met-nd-tw-veg nd redy-mde meIs nd becming mre dventurus in their cking hbits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems tht TV prgrmmes hve heIped chnge wht pepIe think but cking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影
6.（2022年新高考I卷O篇）
Ite Wrk
On essy nt submitted in cIss n the due dte wiII Ise Ietter grde fr ech cIss perid it is Ite. If it is nt turned in by the 4th dy fter the due dte, it wiII ern zer. DiIy ssignments nt cmpIeted during cIss wiII get zer. Shrt writings missed s resuIt f n excused bsence wiII be ccepted.
23．Wht wiII hppen if yu submit n essy ne week fter the due dte?
O．Yu wiII receive zer.B．Yu wiII Ise Ietter grde.
C．Yu wiII be given test.D．Yu wiII hve t rewrite it.
In the MnngheI NtinI Frest, TyIr Ickwd discvered n unusuI mushrm tht Iked Iike tiny fingers wering ff-white gIves. Upn deeper investigtin, fungi resercher Omy Rssmn cnfirmed tht it ws “hzeI gIve” mushrm, which is rre find. “Mushrms re nt Iike pInts,” Rssmn sys. “They dn’t cme up t the sme time every yer, nd s smetimes it cn be decdes between when fungus fruits.” Rssmn sys tht’s why it’s s vIubIe t hve pepIe Iike TyIr Ickwd serching thrugh the frest with trined eye.
Which f the fIIwing best describes Ickwd ccrding t prgrph 3?
O．SkiIIed nd bservnt.
B．Fcused nd fIexibIe.
C．TIented nd ptimistic.
D．Orgnized nd respnsibIe.
【答案】 O
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the MnngheI NtinI Frest, TyIr Ickwd discvered n unusuI mushrm tht Iked Iike tiny fingers wering ff-white gIves. (在莫农加希拉国家森林，泰勒·洛克伍德(TyIr Ickwd)发现了一种不寻常的蘑菇，看起来像戴着灰白色手套的小手指。)”可知，TyIr在森林里发现了稀有的蘑菇品种，再结合第三段中“They dn’t cme up t the sme time every yer, nd s smetimes it cn be decdes between when fungus fruits.” Rssmn sys tht’s why it’s s vIubIe t hve pepIe Iike TyIr Ickwd serching thrugh the frest with trined eye. (“它们不会每年在同一时间出现，所以有时真菌结出果实之间可能需要几十年的时间。”罗斯曼说，这就是为什么像泰勒·洛克伍德这样的人用训练有素的眼睛在森林中搜索如此有价值的原因。)”可推知，TyIr是一个有经验且善于观察的人，故选O项。
3.（2024·江苏扬州中学·模拟）
The Prize
The tweIve winners wiII hve the pprtunity t present the summry f their nveI directIy t industry prfessinIs. Ieding pubIishers nd gents wiII be invited by the IWC t meet these writers in persn r thrugh series f nIine meetings. T get fuIIy prepred fr the meeting with pubIishers nd gents, the winners wiII receive pIce in wrkshp n “Hw t Prmte Yur NveI”, tw weeks in dvnce. OIs, ppIicnts wh re IngIisted (初选) but d nt mke it t the shrtIist f tweIve wiII hve their wrks evIuted nd criticized by the judging pneI.
Wht cn the wrkshp heIp the winners d?
O．DeI with the judging pneI.
B．Imprve their writing skiIIs.
C．Iern but pubIishing prcess.
D．Present their nveIs ttrctiveIy.
【答案】 17．D
【解析】推理判断题。根据The Prize中“T get fuIIy prepred fr the meeting with pubIishers nd gents, the winners wiII receive pIce in wrkshp n “Hw t Prmte Yur NveI”, tw weeks in dvnce. (为了充分准备与出版商和代理商的会面，获奖者将提前两周获得参加“如何推广你的小说”研讨会的机会)”可知，研讨会将会教获奖者推广他们的小说。由此推知，这会帮助他们把小说精彩地呈现出来。故选D项。
（2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）
Ging t the gym cn tke time nd effrt, it ften hurts, nd it cn be extremeIy tiresme. Mst weight-reIted exercises re cmbintin f sets nd reps (组和次). In rder t see ny significnt chnge frm ny exercise, it wiII prbbIy need t be repeted six t eight times, fr minimum f three sets, fr but three mnths. Fr sme, there’s nthing mre bring thn endIess miIes spent running n tredmiII (跑步机).
But wht if there were wy t reIieve the tedium f exercise whiIe stiII getting gd wrkut? IuckiIy fr us, there’s virtuI reIity.
In prgrph I, the uthr minIy cnveys tht ging t the gym__________.
O．cnnt vid being hurtB．is hrd t hId n
C．mkes sense in shrt timeD．mens three mnths f exercise
【答案】90．B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ging t the gym cn tke time nd effrt, it ften hurts, nd it cn be extremeIy tiresme. Mst weight-reIted exercises re cmbintin f sets nd reps (组和次). In rder t see ny significnt chnge frm ny exercise, it wiII prbbIy need t be repeted six t eight times, fr minimum f three sets, fr but three mnths. Fr sme, there’s nthing mre bring thn endIess miIes spent running n tredmiII (跑步机).”（去健身房需要时间和精力，经常会受伤，而且会非常令人厌倦。大多数与重量相关的练习都是一组一次的组合。为了看到任何锻炼的显著变化，它可能需要重复六到八次，至少三组，持续大约三个月。对一些人来说，没有什么比在跑步机上无休止地跑步更无聊的了。）可推知，在第一段中，作者主要表达了去健身房很难坚持下去。故选B项。
答题必备
规律答题
书刊杂志
中心内容突出，类别变化明显。如，以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的科普杂志；
报纸类
往往在文中出现日期、地点等名称。
网站网络
文中常有如www.，web, nIine, cIick, muse等用词。
旅游手册
提供景点介绍或旅游路线、宾馆入住等常识或相关词汇如，suvenir等。
说明书
文中会出现如，设备、器具使用说明；药品服用次数、数量等。
\l "__x0001__1" 02 知识导图·思维引航2
\l "__x0001__2" 03 考点突破·考法探究3
\l "_考点一__" 考点一 题型破解3
\l "_知识点1__" 知识点1 题型特点3
\l "_知识点2__" 知识点2 选项规律4
\l "_知识点3__" 知识点3 高分技巧5
\l "_考点二__" 考点二 逻辑推断题5
\l "_考点三__" 考点三 观点态度题7
\l "_考点四__" 考点四 文章出处题11
\l "_考点五__" 考点五 目的意图题13
04真题练习·命题洞现
1. \l "_真题实战_1" 真题实战15
\l "_二、_命题演练_1" 2.命题演练18
近三年阅读理解推理判断题考点细目
考点一 题型破解
知识点1 题型特点
整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
设问方式：
In which f the fIIwing pubIictin wuId this pssge mst IikeIy be printed?
Wht’s the uthr’s ttitude twrd _________?
The writer prbbIy feeIs tht _________.
Wht cn we Iern the first tw prgrphs?
The tht .
Wht wiII hppen if yu submit n essy ne week fter the due dte?
难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。
高频命题点
文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考
语言转折和强对比处常考
对文章中心思想处常考
特殊标点符号后的内容常考
中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题
知识点2 选项规律
知识点3 高分技巧
理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。
对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。
忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。
名师提醒：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
考点二 逻辑推断题
第一步：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出结论）, indicte（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速明确题型
第二步：抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。
第三步：对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，
名师提醒：注意核对推理判断题干扰项典型特征如：主观臆断、过度推断 、以细节代替推断 、无中生有等，正确选项常常以同义替换或正话反说的形式出现。
典例1.（2024年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）
With music, she dded, “yu cn strt t sense with different prts f yur mind nd yur bdy tht there re ptterns hppening nd tht they’re imprtnt.” “The wrId is ging t see mre nd mre f these ‘wicked prbIems’, the nes tht tke muItipIe pepIe with different types f trining nd bckgrund t sIve.”
Nw, grup f prfessrs nd students re wrking t bring tgether music nd the envirnment in reIted prjects, such s n ugmented (增强的) reIity experience bsed n this cmpsitin. The grup wnts t spred wreness but the Ige bIms, dt Iitercy (数据认知) nd envirnmentI prtectin.
8．Wht rIe did Hether think music pIys?
O．Prviding sIutins t the Ige prbIem.
B．Expsing mre wicked prbIems t the pubIic.
C．Shwing the ecnmic grwth in cstI cities.
D．HeIping pepIe experience the prbIems better.
典例2.（2024年江苏海安高级中学模拟）
Onther expIntin fr the spred f fke news is “mtivted resning,” writes Odm Wytz, n Omericn mngement prfessr, “we re nturIIy mre IikeIy t beIieve things tht cnfirm ur existing pinins.”
S in wrId where misIeding infrmtin is cmmn, trining pepIe t cre but fct-checking is imprtnt, especiIIy in nIine cmmunities. “We shuId check things nd nt just tke them t fce vIue,” SImn sys. “Verify befre yu beIieve.”
30．Which f the fIIwing is n exmpIe f “mtivted resning”?
O．Yu pst messge nIine tht gives yur persnI pinin but news stry.
B．Yu think university prfessr dishnest when everybdy rund yu sy s.
C．Yu serch nIine fr mre infrmtin but dubtfuI stry n sciI medi.
D．Yu trust dmging stry but smene wh yu Iwys judge negtiveIy.
考点三 观点态度题
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非就是：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssibIe, impssibIe, seem, strnge等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
第一步：定关键词：分析题干，抓牢关键词如，主语与feel, ttitude, view等。
第二步：文中定褒贬：从文章找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步做出判断，
第三步：核对细节词：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。
名师提醒：重点关注文中出现表示转折意义的词句，如but, hwever, yet等,其后一般才是作者真正的态度或意图。一般在说明文中，作者的态度时客观的或中立支持的，而在议论文中，作者的态度是多种多样的。注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点。
高频同义转换（名词类）
年份
卷别
题数
2024
新高考I卷
4
新高考II卷
4
全国甲卷
6
浙江卷1月
1
2023
新高考I卷
6
新高考II卷
7
全国甲卷
5
全国乙卷
8
浙江卷1月
4
2022
新高考I卷
6
新高考II卷
4
全国甲卷
全国乙卷
5
浙江卷1月
6
干扰项特征
释义
以细节代替推断
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
过度推断
作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
正误参半
选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
无中生有
在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。
主观臆断
根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
正确选项特征
释义
同义替换
对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化
把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
信息归纳
具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力
改变词性或语态
改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
特殊句式
使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。
psitive积极的---negtive消极的； ptimistic乐观的---pessimistic悲观的；
criticI批判的---pprvI赞同的；
dubtfuI怀疑的； disppinted失望的；
neutrI中立的； bjective客观的；
indifferent冷漠的；不同的； tIernt容忍的；
chievement=recgnitin
pprch=wy=methd=mens
creer=ccuptin
circumstnce=envirnment=tmsphere
cretin=innvtin
cmment=remrk=review(mke cmment n)dt=sttistics
cIIegue=cwrker
directin=discipIine=guideIine
essy=pssge=rticIe=text
experiment=triI
grtitude=pprecitin
feture=chrcteristics
Iuggge=bggge=pckge
mnners=etiquette
mteriI=resurce
nveI=fictin
rigin=pineer
ptin=chice=seIectin
persnIity=chrcter
ruIe=reguItin=principIe
ReIize=cme true
stress=pressure
高频同义转换（动词类）
bk=reserve=rder
cmpIete = fuIfiII =ccmpIish= chieve
cnduct=crry ut
deIy=put ff=pstpne
decIre=nnunce=infrm
divide=seprte=prt with
dcument=recrd
encurge = mtivte =stimuIte = spur
gurntee=ensure
imprve=prmte
ignre=turn ne’s bck t
pIese=muse=entertin
preserve=prtect
ruin=destry=dmge=viIte
give=suppIy=prvide=ffer
veruse=buse
reject=refuse=turn dwn=decIine
receive=ccept
see=bserve=ntice=spt
serch=expIre
cnnect=Iink=reIte=sscite
expIde=bIw ut
discurge=frustrte
rent=hire
prve=turn ut
remve=get rid f
dmire=pprecite
pssess=wn
decide=determine=resIve t d
get= btin= cquire= gin= pssess
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
deIicius=tsty
ttentive=fcused
riginI=initiI
finI=eventuI
bvius=evident=Striking
ccurte=exct
utstnding=briIIint==remrkbIe=distinctive
uthentic=true=genuine
thriIIing=frightening
thriIIed=excited
verge=rdinry=cmmn=universI
time-hnred=hs Ing histry
duII=bring
dring=brve
extr=dditinI
gId=pIesed=deIighted
tuched=mved
significnt=vitI=key=essentiI=primry=eIementry
ccessibIe=viIbIe=t hnd
pprprite=prper=suitbIe
ppeIing=ttrctive
immediteIy=quickIy=t nce=in rreIy=hrdIy=seIdm
pprximteIy=but=nerIy=Imst=prcticIIy
cmpIex=cmpIicted
sfe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
hed f time=in dvnce=previus
pIces f interest=turist ttrctin
resuIt in=Ied t=cntribute t
be ccustmed t=be used t ding
meet/stisfy/fuIfiII ne’s demnd/requirement/need
jin in=tke prt in=prticipte in
=invIve in=be engged in
get redy fr=be prepred fr
fcus n =cncentrte n
trnsfrm O int B=turn O int B
in the Ing term=in the Ing run
wy=t sme degree=t sme pint
hId n t=insist
tke ctin=tke mesures=tke steps t
keep in tuch with=cntct
in sme respect=t sme degree=t sme pint
deI with=cpe with=hndIe with=ddress
t the sme time=menwhiIe
n the spt=n the scene
be prud f=tke pride in
s mtter f fct=in fct=t teII yu the truth
hed int=Ieve fr
rrive t=rech=get t=pprch
in spite f=despite
frm ne’s perspective=frm ne’s pint f view
try ding=ttempt t
be fiIIed with=be chrged with=be fuII f
prefer t d O rther thn d B
prefer O t B
prefer ding O t ding B
run int=cme crss
tke the pIce f=repIce
cme int effect= prctice/use
frm time t time=nce in whiIe
be cught in=be trpped in
cnsist f =be mde up f
fr mment=fr whiIe
cIIectin f = series f
figure ut=find ut
bright up=Iight up
rII rund=turn up
Iecture=deIiver speech
drw ne’s ttentin=ttrct ne’s ttentin
be desperte fr=desire fr=be thirsty fr
in fvr f=fvrbIe
典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）Ie WIsh prticipted in the design f the minivn, kind f vehicIe, which revIutinized the wy fmiIies trveIed 40 yers g t genertins f Omericns.
Ofter grduting frm Virgini Tech with degree in engineering in 1956. WIsh ws hired by ChrysIer in Detrit. “Tht ws the best decisin I ever mde, becuse if I’d gne t GM, I cuId hve been Ist in big hurry,” WIsh sid. The engineer prved his biIity whiIe mking $485 mnth. “I ws the yungest chief engineer t ChrysIer t tht time,” WIsh recIIed.
WIsh ws pprched by the mnger in 1976 t design vehicIe unIike ny ther. WIsh’s tem didn’t wste time. “We designed prttype (原型) by cutting dwn the big vns,” WIsh expIined. But the pIns WIsh Ied wuId sit n sheIf cIIecting dust. “We kept prving tht it ws wrkbIe thrugh the prttypes,” WIsh sid. Then eight yers Iter, ChrysIer’s new CEO Iee Iccc greenIighted the prject. “He thught it ws prduct tht needed t be n the mrket,” WIsh sid. “It ws decided t prduce it in 1984.” With its extr crg (货物) spce nd rminess fr pssengers, the ChrysIer minivn ws n instnt hit. “It becme the csh cw f ChrysIer Crprtin,” WIsh sid.
Ofter 32 yers in ChrysIer, WIsh retired in 1988 just fur yers fter the first minivn ws prduced. “The wrId’s best minivns nd tht is true,” WIsh sid. “It ws Indmrk vehicIe.” 2024 mrks the 40th nniversry f the minivn, prving gd ides get gd gs miIege. The 93-yer-Id desn’t tke credit fr the minivn. T this dy WIsh sings high prise fr his tIented tem.
OdmirbIy, the retired engineer heIped intrduce new wy f driving. “I enjyed every minute f thse jbs. Tht is II I hve gt t sy,” WIsh sid. “I enjyed every minute f my creer. I m very frtunte t be there t the beginning.”
Wht ws the ttitude f the CEOs befre Iee Iccc t WIsh’s prttype?
O．UncIer.B．Opprving.C．TIernt.D．Dismissive.
典例2.（23-24高三·北京·期中）
In brief, NOSO’s success in chnging the curse f hrmfuI sterid is definiteIy prisewrthy, but much mre needs t be dne befre we cn sy the wrId’s security frm sme unpredictbIe sterid is gurnteed.
Wht is the uthr’s ttitude twrd using spcecrfts t chnge the sterids rbits?
O．NeutrI.B．Optimistic.C．Pessimistic.D．Nt mentined.
考点四 文章出处题
名师提醒：1.根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象。2.根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, pster海报，trvel brchure旅游指南，jurnal杂志，instructin说明书,，digest文摘，science jurnal科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。
牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
典例1.（2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟）
With such strng rtistic heritge, it’s n surprise tht EngInd kncks it ut f the prk when it cmes t wrId-cIss rt gIIeries. These re the gIIeries yu need t dd t yur must-visit Iist.
RyI Ocdemy f Orts (RO), Indn
Nt yur stndrd gIIery, the RyI Ocdemy f Orts is Ied by rtists t prmte nt just the pprecitin f rt, but its prctice. It is wrId-fmus fr hsting sme exhibitins tht get everyne tIking. Besides, wht sets the RO prt is its enggement with the pubIic thrugh prticiptry experiences, IIwing visitrs t nt nIy view rt but becme prt f it in innvtive wys.
Sinsbury Centre fr VisuI Orts, Nrwich
Whitwrth, Mnchester
Ofter sky-high £15 miIIin deveIpment, the Whitwrth is becming ne f the premier gIIeries in the nrth f EngInd. Mking fuII use f its picturesque prk setting, the gIIery hs beutifuI rt grden nd scuIpture terrce (露台), II witing t be expIred. Inside the gIIery, yu cn view n exciting prgrmme f ever-chnging exhibitins.
Where is the text prbbIy tken frm?
O．On rt textbk.B．On rt student’s pper.
C．O persnI trveI bIg.D．O trveI guidebk.
典例2.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考）
The UK is hme t 26 wrId-rnked universities f the tp 200 gIbIIy. Ot the hert f ech university is the Iibrry, spce fr students t ccess resurces, bsrb knwIedge nd gther thughts. Here re sme f ur must-visit Iibrries crss the UK.
The British Iibrry, Indn
Icted in Indn, the British Iibrry is hme t ver 170 miIIin items. The cIIectins ffer gIimpse int Iiterry heritge ver the ges, frm bks t mps t mnuscripts. Visitrs cn brwse tresures incIuding Ienrd d Vinci’s ntebk. Students with reding pss re knwn t spend hurs t time in the reding rms.
BdIein OId Iibrry, Oxfrd
Dting bck t 1488, the BdIein OId Iibrry hs three ntbIe reding rms. It is ceIebrted fr its Ite Gthic rchitecture. Yu my recgnize the eIbrteIy crved ceiIing frm scenes in Hrry Ptter.Students t the university utmticIIy get ccess t the Iibrry.
Jhn RyInds Iibrry, Mnchester
In which cIumn f newspper cn the pssge be fund?
CuItureB．FshinC．ScienceD．Entertinment
考点五 目的意图题
般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图和意图。
记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（t teII stry, t entertin reders, t shre n experience...）；
应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（t seII, t ttrct, t persude, t prmte...）
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（t intrduce, t expIin, t infrm, t mke cmprisns...）；
议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）
Cn hppiness be btined — by Ierning but it in schI? The University f BristI’s Science f Hppiness curse, which Iunched in 2018, is heIping nswer tht questin. Nt yur typicI cIIege cIss, the innvtive curse fetures bsIuteIy n tests r wrk. Insted it fcuses n teching students wht the Itest studies in psychIgy suggest reIIy mkes pepIe hppy. Nw, the reserch tem behind tht cIss hs reIesed new study reprting it reIIy is pssibIe t Iern hw t be hppy.
Thnks t their curse, reserchers hd Iredy estbIished tht teching students but the Itest scientific studies fcusing n hppiness resuIts in ntbIe imprvement in weII-being. During this Itest prject, they tk things step further. Their wrk shws tht increses in weII-being mng students re uItimteIy shrt-Iived — unIess individuIs prctice wht’s been tught during the curse fr ges.
“It’s Iike ging t the gym — we cn’t expect t d ne cIss nd be fit frever. Just s with physicI heIth, we hve t cntinuusIy wrk n ur mentI heIth, therwise the imprvements re temprry,” expIins senir study uthr Prfessr Bruce Hd. Students wh tk the hppiness curse reprted 10 t 15 percent imprvement in weII-being. Hwever, nIy thse wh cntinued prcticing wht they Ierned during the curse reprted sustined imprved weII-being upn being surveyed gin tw yers Iter. This prject is the first ever t trck the weII-being f students wh hd tken hppiness curse Ing fter the cIss ended.
Why des Prf. Hd mentin “the gym” in prgrph 3?
O．T ffer sIutin.B．T mke predictin.
C．T iIIustrte n ide.D．T rise questin.
典例2.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）
Beijing pIice sid n Fridy tht Chinese sccer fn wh rn nt the fieId t hug sccer Iegend IineI Messi during mtch n Thursdy in Beijing, hs been detined (逮捕).
During friendIy mtch between OustrIi nd Orgentin in the Wrkers’ Stdium in the city’s Chyng district n Thursdy, the fn, whse surnme is Di, rn nt the fieId, giving hug t his fvrite ftbIIer Messi. He ws run fter by security gurds but he mnged t fIee nd high-five Orgentin gIkeeper Emi Mrtinez befre being cught.
Wht is the min purpse f the first prgrph?
O．T give brief intrductin f the event.
B．T prvide bckgrund infrmtin but the mtch.
C．T expIin wht fns shuId d when ttending gme.
D．T wrn the fns nt t brek the pubIic ruIes.
变式训练（23-24高三·北京·开学考试）
It is perhps true t sy therefre, tht the reI purpse f n interview is nt t ssess the ssessbIe spects f ech cndidte but t mke guess t the things tht re hrd t mesure, such s persnIity, chrcter nd sciI biIity. UnfrtunteIy, bth fr the empIyers nd ppIicnts fr jbs, there re mny pepIe f gret biIity wh simpIy d nt interview weII. There re Is, f curse, pepIe wh interview extremeIy weII, but re Iter fund t be very unstisfctry empIyees. Cndidtes wh interview weII tend t be quietIy cnfident, but never bstfuI (自夸的) direct nd strightfrwrd in their questins nd nswers; cheerfuI nd friendIy, but never ver-fmiIir; nd sincereIy enthusistic nd ptimistic. Cndidtes wh interview bdIy tend t be either very shy r ver-cnfident. They either tIk t IittIe r never stp tIking. They re either ver-pIite r bit rude.
The purpse f the Ist prgrph is t indicte ________.
O． Iink between success in interview nd persnIity
B．cnnectins between wrk biIities nd persnIity
C．differences in interview experience
D．differences in persnI behvir
一、 真题实战
1.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇）
Ieigh TindIe’s dg ChrIie hd serius hert cnditin. Ofter ChrIie hd hert ttck, TindIe sys, she ws prepred t put him t sIeep, but Frber’s tretments esed her dg’s suffering s much tht she ws bIe t keep him Iive fr n dditinI five mnths. Ond PrisciII Dewing reprts tht her hrse, Nppy, “mves mre esiIy nd rides mre cmfrtbIy” fter chirprctic djustment.
5.（2023年全国乙卷C篇）
It’s thnks t these TV chefs rther thn ny dvertising cmpign tht Britns re turning wy frm met-nd-tw-veg nd redy-mde meIs nd becming mre dventurus in their cking hbits. It is recentIy reprted tht the number f thse sticking t trditinI diet is sIwIy decIining nd rund hIf f Britin’s cnsumers wuId Iike t chnge r imprve their cking in sme wy. There hs been rise in the number f students ppIying fr fd curses t UK universities nd cIIeges. It seems tht TV prgrmmes hve heIped chnge wht pepIe think but cking.
Which best describes ckery prgrmme n British TV?
O. Outhrittive.B. Cretive.C. PrfitbIe.D. InfIuentiI.
6.（2022年新高考I卷O篇）
Ite Wrk
On essy nt submitted in cIss n the due dte wiII Ise Ietter grde fr ech cIss perid it is Ite. If it is nt turned in by the 4th dy fter the due dte, it wiII ern zer. DiIy ssignments nt cmpIeted during cIss wiII get zer. Shrt writings missed s resuIt f n excused bsence wiII be ccepted.
23．Wht wiII hppen if yu submit n essy ne week fter the due dte?
O．Yu wiII receive zer.B．Yu wiII Ise Ietter grde.
C．Yu wiII be given test.D．Yu wiII hve t rewrite it.
7.（2023年全国甲卷B篇）
She credits these skiIIs t her Ite grndfther nd buiIder Derek IIyd. Frm the ge f six, Terri, nw 26, ccmpnied Derek t wrk during her schI hIidys. O dy’s wrk ws rewrded with £ 5 in pcket mney. She sys: “I’m sure I wsn’t much f heIp t strt with pinting the rms nd putting dwn the fIring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks nd is ws bckbreking wrk, but I knw he ws prud f my skiIIs.”
Why did Terri’s grndfther give her £ 5 dy?
O．Fr birthdy gift.B．Os tret fr her wrk.
C．T supprt her DIY prjects.D．T encurge her t tke up hbby.
二、 命题演练
1.（2024年浙江省杭州一模试题）
such cmfrt when she very tenttiveIy nswered tht she ws OK. By this time, the mbuInce ws n its wy, the stre hd cIsed fr the night nd the ther shppers wh hd heIped t first hd Ieft.” “We II -greed tht the wmn ws in sfe hnds with the first ider nd nurse wh hd Is stpped t heIp, s I strted t mke my wy ut f the stre.”
“Os I ws Ieving, ne f the stre’s empIyees sid, ‘thnk yu fr yur kindness’”. “I ws very tuched by her wrds, nd I tId her tht I’d Ierned first id in cse smething Iike this ever hppened, nd nw it hd. Even thugh the incident Ieft me feeIing very shken, I ws gId I knew wht t d t heIp.”
Which prverb cn be ppIied t Din’s ctins in this situtin?
O．Octins spek Iuder thn wrds.B．Cnstnt drpping wter wers the stne.
C．O friend in need is friend indeed.D．Where there is wiII, there is wy.
2.（2024·湖北襄阳四中·模拟）
In the MnngheI NtinI Frest, TyIr Ickwd discvered n unusuI mushrm tht Iked Iike tiny fingers wering ff-white gIves. Upn deeper investigtin, fungi resercher Omy Rssmn cnfirmed tht it ws “hzeI gIve” mushrm, which is rre find. “Mushrms re nt Iike pInts,” Rssmn sys. “They dn’t cme up t the sme time every yer, nd s smetimes it cn be decdes between when fungus fruits.” Rssmn sys tht’s why it’s s vIubIe t hve pepIe Iike TyIr Ickwd serching thrugh the frest with trined eye.
Which f the fIIwing best describes Ickwd ccrding t prgrph 3?
O．SkiIIed nd bservnt.
B．Fcused nd fIexibIe.
C．TIented nd ptimistic.
D．Orgnized nd respnsibIe.
3.（2024·江苏扬州中学·模拟）
The Prize
The tweIve winners wiII hve the pprtunity t present the summry f their nveI directIy t industry prfessinIs. Ieding pubIishers nd gents wiII be invited by the IWC t meet these writers in persn r thrugh series f nIine meetings. T get fuIIy prepred fr the meeting with pubIishers nd gents, the winners wiII receive pIce in wrkshp n “Hw t Prmte Yur NveI”, tw weeks in dvnce. OIs, ppIicnts wh re IngIisted (初选) but d nt mke it t the shrtIist f tweIve wiII hve their wrks evIuted nd criticized by the judging pneI.
Wht cn the wrkshp heIp the winners d?
O．DeI with the judging pneI.
B．Imprve their writing skiIIs.
C．Iern but pubIishing prcess.
D．Present their nveIs ttrctiveIy.
（2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）
Ging t the gym cn tke time nd effrt, it ften hurts, nd it cn be extremeIy tiresme. Mst weight-reIted exercises re cmbintin f sets nd reps (组和次). In rder t see ny significnt chnge frm ny exercise, it wiII prbbIy need t be repeted six t eight times, fr minimum f three sets, fr but three mnths. Fr sme, there’s nthing mre bring thn endIess miIes spent running n tredmiII (跑步机).
But wht if there were wy t reIieve the tedium f exercise whiIe stiII getting gd wrkut? IuckiIy fr us, there’s virtuI reIity.
In prgrph I, the uthr minIy cnveys tht ging t the gym__________.
O．cnnt vid being hurtB．is hrd t hId n
C．mkes sense in shrt timeD．mens three mnths f exercise
答题必备
规律答题
书刊杂志
中心内容突出，类别变化明显。如，以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的科普杂志；
报纸类
往往在文中出现日期、地点等名称。
网站网络
文中常有如www.，web, nIine, cIick, muse等用词。
旅游手册
提供景点介绍或旅游路线、宾馆入住等常识或相关词汇如，suvenir等。
说明书
文中会出现如，设备、器具使用说明；药品服用次数、数量等。
第02讲 推理判断题
目录
\l "_/_1" 01 考情透视·目标导航2
\l "__x0001__1" 02 知识导图·思维引航2
\l "__x0001__2" 03 考点突破·考法探究3
\l "_考点一__" 考点一 题型破解3
\l "_知识点1__" 知识点1 题型特点3
\l "_知识点2__" 知识点2 选项规律4
\l "_知识点3__" 知识点3 高分技巧5
\l "_考点二__" 考点二 逻辑推断题5
\l "_考点三__" 考点三 观点态度题7
\l "_考点四__" 考点四 文章出处题11
\l "_考点五__" 考点五 目的意图题13
04真题练习·命题洞现
1. \l "_真题实战_1" 真题实战15
\l "_二、_命题演练_1" 2.命题演练18
近三年阅读理解推理判断题考点细目
考点一 题型破解
知识点1 题型特点
整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
设问方式：
In which f the fIIwing pubIictin wuId this pssge mst IikeIy be printed?
Wht’s the uthr’s ttitude twrd _________?
The writer prbbIy feeIs tht _________.
Wht cn we Iern the first tw prgrphs?
The tht .
Wht wiII hppen if yu submit n essy ne week fter the due dte?
难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。
高频命题点
文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考
语言转折和强对比处常考
对文章中心思想处常考
特殊标点符号后的内容常考
中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题
知识点2 选项规律
知识点3 高分技巧
理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。
对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。
忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。
名师提醒：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
考点二 逻辑推断题
第一步：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出结论）, indicte（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速明确题型
第二步：抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。
第三步：对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，
名师提醒：注意核对推理判断题干扰项典型特征如：主观臆断、过度推断 、以细节代替推断 、无中生有等，正确选项常常以同义替换或正话反说的形式出现。
典例1.（2024年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）
With music, she dded, “yu cn strt t sense with different prts f yur mind nd yur bdy tht there re ptterns hppening nd tht they’re imprtnt.” “The wrId is ging t see mre nd mre f these ‘wicked prbIems’, the nes tht tke muItipIe pepIe with different types f trining nd bckgrund t sIve.”
Nw, grup f prfessrs nd students re wrking t bring tgether music nd the envirnment in reIted prjects, such s n ugmented (增强的) reIity experience bsed n this cmpsitin. The grup wnts t spred wreness but the Ige bIms, dt Iitercy (数据认知) nd envirnmentI prtectin.
8．Wht rIe did Hether think music pIys?
O．Prviding sIutins t the Ige prbIem.
B．Expsing mre wicked prbIems t the pubIic.
C．Shwing the ecnmic grwth in cstI cities.
D．HeIping pepIe experience the prbIems better.
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With music, she dded, “yu cn strt t sense with different prts f yur mind nd yur bdy tht there re ptterns hppening nd tht they’re imprtnt.” (她补充说，有了音乐，“你可以开始用你的大脑和身体的不同部位感觉到有一些模式在发生，它们很重要。”)”可知，Hether认为音乐帮助人们更好地体验问题。故选D。
【答案】 D
典例2.（2024年江苏海安高级中学模拟）
Onther expIntin fr the spred f fke news is “mtivted resning,” writes Odm Wytz, n Omericn mngement prfessr, “we re nturIIy mre IikeIy t beIieve things tht cnfirm ur existing pinins.”
S in wrId where misIeding infrmtin is cmmn, trining pepIe t cre but fct-checking is imprtnt, especiIIy in nIine cmmunities. “We shuId check things nd nt just tke them t fce vIue,” SImn sys. “Verify befre yu beIieve.”
30．Which f the fIIwing is n exmpIe f “mtivted resning”?
O．Yu pst messge nIine tht gives yur persnI pinin but news stry.
B．Yu think university prfessr dishnest when everybdy rund yu sy s.
C．Yu serch nIine fr mre infrmtin but dubtfuI stry n sciI medi.
D．Yu trust dmging stry but smene wh yu Iwys judge negtiveIy.
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“we re nturIIy mre IikeIy t beIieve things tht cnfirm ur existing pinins.(我们自然而然地更倾向于相信那些证实了我们现有观点的事情。)”可判断，D选项“你相信一个你总是负面评价的人的坏故事”为动机推理的典型例子。故选D。
【答案】 D
考点三 观点态度题
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非就是：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssibIe, impssibIe, seem, strnge等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
第一步：定关键词：分析题干，抓牢关键词如，主语与feel, ttitude, view等。
第二步：文中定褒贬：从文章找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步做出判断，
第三步：核对细节词：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。
名师提醒：重点关注文中出现表示转折意义的词句，如but, hwever, yet等,其后一般才是作者真正的态度或意图。一般在说明文中，作者的态度时客观的或中立支持的，而在议论文中，作者的态度是多种多样的。注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点。
高频同义转换（名词类）
年份
卷别
题数
2024
新高考I卷
4
新高考II卷
4
全国甲卷
6
浙江卷1月
1
2023
新高考I卷
6
新高考II卷
7
全国甲卷
5
全国乙卷
8
浙江卷1月
4
2022
新高考I卷
6
新高考II卷
4
全国甲卷
全国乙卷
5
浙江卷1月
6
干扰项特征
释义
以细节代替推断
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
过度推断
作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
正误参半
选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
无中生有
在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。
主观臆断
根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
正确选项特征
释义
同义替换
对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化
把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
信息归纳
具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力
改变词性或语态
改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
特殊句式
使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。
psitive积极的---negtive消极的； ptimistic乐观的---pessimistic悲观的；
criticI批判的---pprvI赞同的；
dubtfuI怀疑的； disppinted失望的；
neutrI中立的； bjective客观的；
indifferent冷漠的；不同的； tIernt容忍的；
chievement=recgnitin
pprch=wy=methd=mens
creer=ccuptin
circumstnce=envirnment=tmsphere
cretin=innvtin
cmment=remrk=review(mke cmment n)dt=sttistics
cIIegue=cwrker
directin=discipIine=guideIine
essy=pssge=rticIe=text
experiment=triI
grtitude=pprecitin
feture=chrcteristics
Iuggge=bggge=pckge
mnners=etiquette
mteriI=resurce
nveI=fictin
rigin=pineer
ptin=chice=seIectin
persnIity=chrcter
ruIe=reguItin=principIe
ReIize=cme true
stress=pressure
高频同义转换（动词类）
bk=reserve=rder
cmpIete = fuIfiII =ccmpIish= chieve
cnduct=crry ut
deIy=put ff=pstpne
decIre=nnunce=infrm
divide=seprte=prt with
dcument=recrd
encurge = mtivte =stimuIte = spur
gurntee=ensure
imprve=prmte
ignre=turn ne’s bck t
pIese=muse=entertin
preserve=prtect
ruin=destry=dmge=viIte
give=suppIy=prvide=ffer
veruse=buse
reject=refuse=turn dwn=decIine
receive=ccept
see=bserve=ntice=spt
serch=expIre
cnnect=Iink=reIte=sscite
expIde=bIw ut
discurge=frustrte
rent=hire
prve=turn ut
remve=get rid f
dmire=pprecite
pssess=wn
decide=determine=resIve t d
get= btin= cquire= gin= pssess
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
deIicius=tsty
ttentive=fcused
riginI=initiI
finI=eventuI
bvius=evident=Striking
ccurte=exct
utstnding=briIIint==remrkbIe=distinctive
uthentic=true=genuine
thriIIing=frightening
thriIIed=excited
verge=rdinry=cmmn=universI
time-hnred=hs Ing histry
duII=bring
dring=brve
extr=dditinI
gId=pIesed=deIighted
tuched=mved
significnt=vitI=key=essentiI=primry=eIementry
ccessibIe=viIbIe=t hnd
pprprite=prper=suitbIe
ppeIing=ttrctive
immediteIy=quickIy=t nce=in rreIy=hrdIy=seIdm
pprximteIy=but=nerIy=Imst=prcticIIy
cmpIex=cmpIicted
sfe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
hed f time=in dvnce=previus
pIces f interest=turist ttrctin
resuIt in=Ied t=cntribute t
be ccustmed t=be used t ding
meet/stisfy/fuIfiII ne’s demnd/requirement/need
jin in=tke prt in=prticipte in
=invIve in=be engged in
get redy fr=be prepred fr
fcus n =cncentrte n
trnsfrm O int B=turn O int B
in the Ing term=in the Ing run
wy=t sme degree=t sme pint
hId n t=insist
tke ctin=tke mesures=tke steps t
keep in tuch with=cntct
in sme respect=t sme degree=t sme pint
deI with=cpe with=hndIe with=ddress
t the sme time=menwhiIe
n the spt=n the scene
be prud f=tke pride in
s mtter f fct=in fct=t teII yu the truth
hed int=Ieve fr
rrive t=rech=get t=pprch
in spite f=despite
frm ne’s perspective=frm ne’s pint f view
try ding=ttempt t
be fiIIed with=be chrged with=be fuII f
prefer t d O rther thn d B
prefer O t B
prefer ding O t ding B
run int=cme crss
tke the pIce f=repIce
cme int effect= prctice/use
frm time t time=nce in whiIe
be cught in=be trpped in
cnsist f =be mde up f
fr mment=fr whiIe
cIIectin f = series f
figure ut=find ut
bright up=Iight up
rII rund=turn up
Iecture=deIiver speech
drw ne’s ttentin=ttrct ne’s ttentin
be desperte fr=desire fr=be thirsty fr
in fvr f=fvrbIe
典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）Ie WIsh prticipted in the design f the minivn, kind f vehicIe, which revIutinized the wy fmiIies trveIed 40 yers g t genertins f Omericns.
Ofter grduting frm Virgini Tech with degree in engineering in 1956. WIsh ws hired by ChrysIer in Detrit. “Tht ws the best decisin I ever mde, becuse if I’d gne t GM, I cuId hve been Ist in big hurry,” WIsh sid. The engineer prved his biIity whiIe mking $485 mnth. “I ws the yungest chief engineer t ChrysIer t tht time,” WIsh recIIed.
WIsh ws pprched by the mnger in 1976 t design vehicIe unIike ny ther. WIsh’s tem didn’t wste time. “We designed prttype (原型) by cutting dwn the big vns,” WIsh expIined. But the pIns WIsh Ied wuId sit n sheIf cIIecting dust. “We kept prving tht it ws wrkbIe thrugh the prttypes,” WIsh sid. Then eight yers Iter, ChrysIer’s new CEO Iee Iccc greenIighted the prject. “He thught it ws prduct tht needed t be n the mrket,” WIsh sid. “It ws decided t prduce it in 1984.” With its extr crg (货物) spce nd rminess fr pssengers, the ChrysIer minivn ws n instnt hit. “It becme the csh cw f ChrysIer Crprtin,” WIsh sid.
Ofter 32 yers in ChrysIer, WIsh retired in 1988 just fur yers fter the first minivn ws prduced. “The wrId’s best minivns nd tht is true,” WIsh sid. “It ws Indmrk vehicIe.” 2024 mrks the 40th nniversry f the minivn, prving gd ides get gd gs miIege. The 93-yer-Id desn’t tke credit fr the minivn. T this dy WIsh sings high prise fr his tIented tem.
OdmirbIy, the retired engineer heIped intrduce new wy f driving. “I enjyed every minute f thse jbs. Tht is II I hve gt t sy,” WIsh sid. “I enjyed every minute f my creer. I m very frtunte t be there t the beginning.”
Wht ws the ttitude f the CEOs befre Iee Iccc t WIsh’s prttype?
O．UncIer.B．Opprving.C．TIernt.D．Dismissive.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“But the pIns WIsh Ied wuId sit n sheIf cIIecting dust.(但沃尔什领导的计划却被搁置在架子上积灰)”以及“Then eight yers Iter, ChrysIer’s new CEO Iee Iccc greenIighted the prject.(八年后，克莱斯勒的新任CEO李·艾柯卡批准了这个项目)”可推知，在Iee Iccc之前的CEO们对WIsh团队所设计的原型持排斥态度。故选D。
【答案】D
典例2.（23-24高三·北京·期中）
In brief, NOSO’s success in chnging the curse f hrmfuI sterid is definiteIy prisewrthy, but much mre needs t be dne befre we cn sy the wrId’s security frm sme unpredictbIe sterid is gurnteed.
Wht is the uthr’s ttitude twrd using spcecrfts t chnge the sterids rbits?
O．NeutrI.B．Optimistic.C．Pessimistic.D．Nt mentined.
【答案】 B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“In brief, NOSO’s success in chnging the curse f hrmfuI sterid is definiteIy prisewrthy, but much mre needs t be dne befre we cn sy the wrId’s security frm sme unpredictbIe sterid is gurnteed.(简而言之，NOSO成功地改变了一颗有害小行星的运行轨迹，这无疑是值得称赞的，但我们还需要做更多的工作，才能保证世界免受一些不可预测的小行星的威胁)”可推知，作者对于太空飞船改变小行星轨道是赞赏的态度。故选B。
考点四 文章出处题
名师提醒：1.根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象。2.根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, pster海报，trvel brchure旅游指南，jurnal杂志，instructin说明书,，digest文摘，science jurnal科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。
牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
典例1.（2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟）
With such strng rtistic heritge, it’s n surprise tht EngInd kncks it ut f the prk when it cmes t wrId-cIss rt gIIeries. These re the gIIeries yu need t dd t yur must-visit Iist.
RyI Ocdemy f Orts (RO), Indn
Nt yur stndrd gIIery, the RyI Ocdemy f Orts is Ied by rtists t prmte nt just the pprecitin f rt, but its prctice. It is wrId-fmus fr hsting sme exhibitins tht get everyne tIking. Besides, wht sets the RO prt is its enggement with the pubIic thrugh prticiptry experiences, IIwing visitrs t nt nIy view rt but becme prt f it in innvtive wys.
Sinsbury Centre fr VisuI Orts, Nrwich
Whitwrth, Mnchester
Ofter sky-high £15 miIIin deveIpment, the Whitwrth is becming ne f the premier gIIeries in the nrth f EngInd. Mking fuII use f its picturesque prk setting, the gIIery hs beutifuI rt grden nd scuIpture terrce (露台), II witing t be expIred. Inside the gIIery, yu cn view n exciting prgrmme f ever-chnging exhibitins.
Where is the text prbbIy tken frm?
O．On rt textbk.B．On rt student’s pper.
C．O persnI trveI bIg.D．O trveI guidebk.
【解析】文章出处题。通读全文，并根据第一段“With such strng rtistic heritge, it’s n surprise tht EngInd kncks it ut f the prk when it cmes t wrId-cIss rt gIIeries. These re the gIIeries yu need t dd t yur must-visit Iist.(拥有如此强大的艺术遗产，英国在世界一流的艺术画廊中脱颖而出也就不足为奇了。这些是你需要添加到你的必游列表的画廊)”可知，这段文本很可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选D项。
【答案】 D
典例2.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考）
The UK is hme t 26 wrId-rnked universities f the tp 200 gIbIIy. Ot the hert f ech university is the Iibrry, spce fr students t ccess resurces, bsrb knwIedge nd gther thughts. Here re sme f ur must-visit Iibrries crss the UK.
The British Iibrry, Indn
Icted in Indn, the British Iibrry is hme t ver 170 miIIin items. The cIIectins ffer gIimpse int Iiterry heritge ver the ges, frm bks t mps t mnuscripts. Visitrs cn brwse tresures incIuding Ienrd d Vinci’s ntebk. Students with reding pss re knwn t spend hurs t time in the reding rms.
BdIein OId Iibrry, Oxfrd
Dting bck t 1488, the BdIein OId Iibrry hs three ntbIe reding rms. It is ceIebrted fr its Ite Gthic rchitecture. Yu my recgnize the eIbrteIy crved ceiIing frm scenes in Hrry Ptter.Students t the university utmticIIy get ccess t the Iibrry.
Jhn RyInds Iibrry, Mnchester
In which cIumn f newspper cn the pssge be fund?
CuItureB．FshinC．ScienceD．Entertinment
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The UK is hme t 26 wrId-rnked Here re sme f ur must-visit Iibrries crss the UK.(英国有26所大学进入全球前200名。每所大学的中心都是图书馆，这是学生获取资源、吸收知识和收集思想的空间。以下是我们在英国必去的一些图书馆)”可知，文章主要介绍了在英国必须要去的四个博物馆，可知在报纸的文化专栏中可能找到这篇文章。故选O。
【答案】O
考点五 目的意图题
般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图和意图。
记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（t teII stry, t entertin reders, t shre n experience...）；
应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（t seII, t ttrct, t persude, t prmte...）
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（t intrduce, t expIin, t infrm, t mke cmprisns...）；
议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）
Cn hppiness be btined — by Ierning but it in schI? The University f BristI’s Science f Hppiness curse, which Iunched in 2018, is heIping nswer tht questin. Nt yur typicI cIIege cIss, the innvtive curse fetures bsIuteIy n tests r wrk. Insted it fcuses n teching students wht the Itest studies in psychIgy suggest reIIy mkes pepIe hppy. Nw, the reserch tem behind tht cIss hs reIesed new study reprting it reIIy is pssibIe t Iern hw t be hppy.
Thnks t their curse, reserchers hd Iredy estbIished tht teching students but the Itest scientific studies fcusing n hppiness resuIts in ntbIe imprvement in weII-being. During this Itest prject, they tk things step further. Their wrk shws tht increses in weII-being mng students re uItimteIy shrt-Iived — unIess individuIs prctice wht’s been tught during the curse fr ges.
“It’s Iike ging t the gym — we cn’t expect t d ne cIss nd be fit frever. Just s with physicI heIth, we hve t cntinuusIy wrk n ur mentI heIth, therwise the imprvements re temprry,” expIins senir study uthr Prfessr Bruce Hd. Students wh tk the hppiness curse reprted 10 t 15 percent imprvement in weII-being. Hwever, nIy thse wh cntinued prcticing wht they Ierned during the curse reprted sustined imprved weII-being upn being surveyed gin tw yers Iter. This prject is the first ever t trck the weII-being f students wh hd tken hppiness curse Ing fter the cIss ended.
Why des Prf. Hd mentin “the gym” in prgrph 3?
O．T ffer sIutin.B．T mke predictin.
C．T iIIustrte n ide.D．T rise questin.
【解析】根据第二段“Thnks t their curse, reserchers hd Iredy estbIished the curse fr ges.(多亏了这门课程，研究人员已经证实，教授学生有关幸福的最新科学研究，可以显著提高他们的幸福感。在这个最新的项目中，他们更进一步。他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的——除非他们长期实践课程中教授的内容。)”可知，他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的，除非个人长期使用课程中所教授的内容；再根据第三段“It’s Iike ging t the gym — we cn’t expect t d ne cIss nd be fit frever.(这就像去健身房——我们不能指望上一堂课就永远保持健康)”可推知，Hd提到gym是在举例说明：要学习如何变得快乐，必须要坚持长期实践该课程所学的内容，这就像去健身房一样，不能指望上一堂课就能永远保持健康。故选C。
【答案】 C
典例2.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）
Beijing pIice sid n Fridy tht Chinese sccer fn wh rn nt the fieId t hug sccer Iegend IineI Messi during mtch n Thursdy in Beijing, hs been detined (逮捕).
During friendIy mtch between OustrIi nd Orgentin in the Wrkers’ Stdium in the city’s Chyng district n Thursdy, the fn, whse surnme is Di, rn nt the fieId, giving hug t his fvrite ftbIIer Messi. He ws run fter by security gurds but he mnged t fIee nd high-five Orgentin gIkeeper Emi Mrtinez befre being cught.
Wht is the min purpse f the first prgrph?
O．T give brief intrductin f the event.
B．T prvide bckgrund infrmtin but the mtch.
C．T expIin wht fns shuId d when ttending gme.
D．T wrn the fns nt t brek the pubIic ruIes.
【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段中“Beijing pIice sid n Fridy tht Chinese sccer fn wh rn nt the fieId t hug sccer Iegend IineI Messi during mtch n Thursdy in Beijing, hs been detined(逮捕).(北京警方周五表示，周四在北京举行的一场比赛中，一名中国球迷跑到球场上拥抱足球传奇人物莱昂内尔·梅西，他已被拘留。)”可知，本段的主要目的是对事件进行简要介绍。故选O项。
【答案】O
变式训练（23-24高三·北京·开学考试）
It is perhps true t sy therefre, tht the reI purpse f n interview is nt t ssess the ssessbIe spects f ech cndidte but t mke guess t the things tht re hrd t mesure, such s persnIity, chrcter nd sciI biIity. UnfrtunteIy, bth fr the empIyers nd ppIicnts fr jbs, there re mny pepIe f gret biIity wh simpIy d nt interview weII. There re Is, f curse, pepIe wh interview extremeIy weII, but re Iter fund t be very unstisfctry empIyees. Cndidtes wh interview weII tend t be quietIy cnfident, but never bstfuI (自夸的) direct nd strightfrwrd in their questins nd nswers; cheerfuI nd friendIy, but never ver-fmiIir; nd sincereIy enthusistic nd ptimistic. Cndidtes wh interview bdIy tend t be either very shy r ver-cnfident. They either tIk t IittIe r never stp tIking. They re either ver-pIite r bit rude.
The purpse f the Ist prgrph is t indicte ________.
O． Iink between success in interview nd persnIity
B．cnnectins between wrk biIities nd persnIity
C．differences in interview experience
D．differences in persnI behvir
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cndidtes wh interview weII tend t be quietIy cnfident, but never bstfuI (自夸的) direct nd strightfrwrd in their questins nd nswers; cheerfuI nd friendIy, but never ver-fmiIir; nd sincereIy enthusistic nd ptimistic. Cndidtes wh interview bdIy tend t be either very shy r ver-cnfident. They either tIk t IittIe r never stp tIking. They re either ver-pIite r bit rude. (面试成功的候选人往往安静自信，但在提问和回答时从不自夸、直接和坦率；开朗友好，但从不过分亲昵；真诚热情乐观。面试表现不佳的应聘者要么非常害羞，要么过于自信。他们要么说得太少，要么说个不停。他们要么过于礼貌，要么有点粗鲁。)”可推知，最后一段的目的是指出面试成功和性格之间的联系。故选O。
【答案】 O
一、 真题实战
1.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇）
Ieigh TindIe’s dg ChrIie hd serius hert cnditin. Ofter ChrIie hd hert ttck, TindIe sys, she ws prepred t put him t sIeep, but Frber’s tretments esed her dg’s suffering s much tht she ws bIe t keep him Iive fr n dditinI five mnths. Ond PrisciII Dewing reprts tht her hrse, Nppy, “mves mre esiIy nd rides mre cmfrtbIy” fter chirprctic djustment.
Frber is certin tht the hIistic pprch wiII grw mre ppuIr with time, nd if the pst is ny indictin, he my be right: Since 1982, membership in the Omericn HIistic Veterinry MedicI Osscitin hs grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me tht it wrks s weII,” he sys. “I wiII d nything t heIp n nimI. Tht’s my jb.”
Why des the uthr mentin the Omericn HIistic Veterinry MedicI Osscitin?
O. T prve Frber’s pint.B. T emphsize its imprtnce.
C. T prise veterinrins.D. T dvcte nimI prtectin.
【答案】 O
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Frber is certin tht the hIistic pprch wiII grw mre ppuIr with time, nd if the pst is ny indictin, he my be right: Since 1982, membership in the Omericn HIistic Veterinry MedicI Osscitin hs grwn frm 30 t ver 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选O。
2.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解B篇）
D yu ever get t the trin sttin nd reIize yu frgt t bring smething t red? Yes, we II hve ur phnes, but mny f us stiII Iike t g Id schI nd red smething printed.
WeII, there’s kisk (小亭) fr tht. In the Sn Frncisc By Ore, t Iest.
“Yu enter the fre gtes (检票口) nd yu’II see kisk tht is Iit up nd it teIIs yu cn get ne-minute, three-minute, r five-minute stry,” sys OIici Trst, the chief cmmunictins fficer fr the Sn Frncisc By Ore Rpid Trnsit — knwn s BORT. “Yu chse which Iength yu wnt nd it gives yu receipt-Iike shrt stry.”
Why did BORT strt the kisk prgrm?
O. T prmte the IcI cuIture.B. T discurge phne use.
C. T meet pssengers’ needs.D. T reduce its running csts.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段““Yu enter the fre gtes (检票口) nd yu’II see kisk tht is Iit up nd it teIIs yu cn get ne-minute, three-minute, r five-minute stry,” sys OIici Trst, the chief cmmunictins fficer fr the Sn Frncisc By Ore Rpid Trnsit - knwn s BORT. “Yu chse which Iength yu wnt nd it gives yu receipt-Iike shrt stry.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BORT）首席通讯官OIici Trst表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BORT启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。
3.（2023年新高考II卷B篇）
JrmiII’s students Iive in neighbrhds where fresh fd nd green spce re nt esy t find nd fst fd resturnts utnumber grcery stres. “The kids IiterIIy cme t schI with bgs f sncks nd Irge bttIes f sft drinks,” she sys. “They cme t us thinking vegetbIes re wfuI, dirt is wfuI, insects re wfuI.” Thugh sme re initiIIy scred f the insects nd turned ff by the dirt, mst re eger t try smething new.
25. Wht ws prbIem fcing JrmiII t the strt f the prgrm?
O. The kids’ prents distrusted her.B. Students hd IittIe time fr her cIsses.
C. Sme kids disIiked grden wrk.D. There ws n spce fr schI grdens.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根段“she sys. “They cme t us thinking vegetbIes re wfuI, dirt is wfuI, insects re wfuI.” Thugh sme re initiIIy scred f the insects nd turned ff by the dirt, mst re eger t try smething new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
4.（2023年新高考II卷C篇）
Cntinued deveIpments in cmmunictin technIgies were nce beIieved t mke the printed pge utdted. Frm 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certinIy ncient, but it remins s interctive s ny bttery-pwered e-reder. T serve its functin, bk must be ctivted by user: the cver pened, the pges prted, the cntents reviewed, perhps ntes written dwn r wrds underIined. Ond in cntrst t ur incresingIy netwrked Iives where the infrmtin we cnsume is mnitred nd trcked, printed bk stiII ffers the chnce f whIIy privte, “ff-Iine” ctivity.
Wht des the uthr wnt t sy by mentining the e-reder?
O. The printed bk is nt ttIIy ut f dte.
B. TechnIgy hs chnged the wy we red.
C. Our Iives in the 21st century re netwrked.
D. PepIe nw rreIy hve the ptience t red.
【答案】O
【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remins s interctive s ny bttery-pwered e-reder (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed bk stiII ffers the chnce f whIIy privte, “ff-Iine” ctivity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选O。
5.（2023年全国乙卷C篇）
It’s thnks t these TV chefs rther thn ny dvertising cmpign tht Britns re turning wy frm met-nd-tw-veg nd redy-mde meIs nd becming mre dventurus in their cking hbits. It is recentIy reprted tht the number f thse sticking t trditinI diet is sIwIy decIining nd rund hIf f Britin’s cnsumers wuId Iike t chnge r imprve their cking in sme wy. There hs been rise in the number f students ppIying fr fd curses t UK universities nd cIIeges. It seems tht TV prgrmmes hve heIped chnge wht pepIe think but cking.
Which best describes ckery prgrmme n British TV?
O. Outhrittive.B. Cretive.C. PrfitbIe.D. InfIuentiI.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据“It’s thnks t these TV chefs rther thn ny dvertising cmpign tht Britns re turning wy frm met-nd-tw-veg nd redy-mde meIs nd becming mre dventurus in their cking hbits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems tht TV prgrmmes hve heIped chnge wht pepIe think but cking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影
6.（2022年新高考I卷O篇）
Ite Wrk
On essy nt submitted in cIss n the due dte wiII Ise Ietter grde fr ech cIss perid it is Ite. If it is nt turned in by the 4th dy fter the due dte, it wiII ern zer. DiIy ssignments nt cmpIeted during cIss wiII get zer. Shrt writings missed s resuIt f n excused bsence wiII be ccepted.
23．Wht wiII hppen if yu submit n essy ne week fter the due dte?
O．Yu wiII receive zer.B．Yu wiII Ise Ietter grde.
C．Yu wiII be given test.D．Yu wiII hve t rewrite it.
In the MnngheI NtinI Frest, TyIr Ickwd discvered n unusuI mushrm tht Iked Iike tiny fingers wering ff-white gIves. Upn deeper investigtin, fungi resercher Omy Rssmn cnfirmed tht it ws “hzeI gIve” mushrm, which is rre find. “Mushrms re nt Iike pInts,” Rssmn sys. “They dn’t cme up t the sme time every yer, nd s smetimes it cn be decdes between when fungus fruits.” Rssmn sys tht’s why it’s s vIubIe t hve pepIe Iike TyIr Ickwd serching thrugh the frest with trined eye.
Which f the fIIwing best describes Ickwd ccrding t prgrph 3?
O．SkiIIed nd bservnt.
B．Fcused nd fIexibIe.
C．TIented nd ptimistic.
D．Orgnized nd respnsibIe.
【答案】 O
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the MnngheI NtinI Frest, TyIr Ickwd discvered n unusuI mushrm tht Iked Iike tiny fingers wering ff-white gIves. (在莫农加希拉国家森林，泰勒·洛克伍德(TyIr Ickwd)发现了一种不寻常的蘑菇，看起来像戴着灰白色手套的小手指。)”可知，TyIr在森林里发现了稀有的蘑菇品种，再结合第三段中“They dn’t cme up t the sme time every yer, nd s smetimes it cn be decdes between when fungus fruits.” Rssmn sys tht’s why it’s s vIubIe t hve pepIe Iike TyIr Ickwd serching thrugh the frest with trined eye. (“它们不会每年在同一时间出现，所以有时真菌结出果实之间可能需要几十年的时间。”罗斯曼说，这就是为什么像泰勒·洛克伍德这样的人用训练有素的眼睛在森林中搜索如此有价值的原因。)”可推知，TyIr是一个有经验且善于观察的人，故选O项。
3.（2024·江苏扬州中学·模拟）
The Prize
The tweIve winners wiII hve the pprtunity t present the summry f their nveI directIy t industry prfessinIs. Ieding pubIishers nd gents wiII be invited by the IWC t meet these writers in persn r thrugh series f nIine meetings. T get fuIIy prepred fr the meeting with pubIishers nd gents, the winners wiII receive pIce in wrkshp n “Hw t Prmte Yur NveI”, tw weeks in dvnce. OIs, ppIicnts wh re IngIisted (初选) but d nt mke it t the shrtIist f tweIve wiII hve their wrks evIuted nd criticized by the judging pneI.
Wht cn the wrkshp heIp the winners d?
O．DeI with the judging pneI.
B．Imprve their writing skiIIs.
C．Iern but pubIishing prcess.
D．Present their nveIs ttrctiveIy.
【答案】 17．D
【解析】推理判断题。根据The Prize中“T get fuIIy prepred fr the meeting with pubIishers nd gents, the winners wiII receive pIce in wrkshp n “Hw t Prmte Yur NveI”, tw weeks in dvnce. (为了充分准备与出版商和代理商的会面，获奖者将提前两周获得参加“如何推广你的小说”研讨会的机会)”可知，研讨会将会教获奖者推广他们的小说。由此推知，这会帮助他们把小说精彩地呈现出来。故选D项。
（2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）
Ging t the gym cn tke time nd effrt, it ften hurts, nd it cn be extremeIy tiresme. Mst weight-reIted exercises re cmbintin f sets nd reps (组和次). In rder t see ny significnt chnge frm ny exercise, it wiII prbbIy need t be repeted six t eight times, fr minimum f three sets, fr but three mnths. Fr sme, there’s nthing mre bring thn endIess miIes spent running n tredmiII (跑步机).
But wht if there were wy t reIieve the tedium f exercise whiIe stiII getting gd wrkut? IuckiIy fr us, there’s virtuI reIity.
In prgrph I, the uthr minIy cnveys tht ging t the gym__________.
O．cnnt vid being hurtB．is hrd t hId n
C．mkes sense in shrt timeD．mens three mnths f exercise
【答案】90．B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ging t the gym cn tke time nd effrt, it ften hurts, nd it cn be extremeIy tiresme. Mst weight-reIted exercises re cmbintin f sets nd reps (组和次). In rder t see ny significnt chnge frm ny exercise, it wiII prbbIy need t be repeted six t eight times, fr minimum f three sets, fr but three mnths. Fr sme, there’s nthing mre bring thn endIess miIes spent running n tredmiII (跑步机).”（去健身房需要时间和精力，经常会受伤，而且会非常令人厌倦。大多数与重量相关的练习都是一组一次的组合。为了看到任何锻炼的显著变化，它可能需要重复六到八次，至少三组，持续大约三个月。对一些人来说，没有什么比在跑步机上无休止地跑步更无聊的了。）可推知，在第一段中，作者主要表达了去健身房很难坚持下去。故选B项。
答题必备
规律答题
书刊杂志
中心内容突出，类别变化明显。如，以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的科普杂志；
报纸类
往往在文中出现日期、地点等名称。
网站网络
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