江西省新余市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末质量检测 英语试卷(解析版)

这是一份江西省新余市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末质量检测 英语试卷(解析版)，共20页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Sme f the Wrld Heritage Sites have been attracting turists fr hundreds f years and are as fascinating nw as they were when they were first uncvered.
Cappadcia, Turkey
Designated a Wrld Heritage Site in 1985, Cappadcia is a place f flwing rck frmatins and stne-capped chimneys (狭缝). Cnsider taking ne f the many hiking trails t get up clse. Nearby, in the village f Uchisar are the ancient cave hmes built by the peple f the Brnze Age.
Brbudur, Indnesia
Brbudur is ne f Indnesia’s mst famus landmarks, included in the list f Wrld Heritage Sites in 1991. Lcated n the island f Java, this massive temple cmplex was cnstructed in the 700s, but tw t three hundred years later, it was abandned, pssibly due t vlcanic eruptins in the area, and went relatively undisturbed fr centuries. The site was uncvered in the 1800s and later restred.
Mesa Verde,
Mesa Verde is hme t sme f the mst well-preserved Indian ruins in Nrth America. It has been n the list f Wrld Heritage Sites since 1978. The mst impressive sites are the cliff dwellings (住所), where the Ancestral Pueblans lived between the 12th century and the late 13th century. Yu can drive up t the tp f the mesa t see pit huses and ther ruins.
Petra, Jrdan
Inscribed int the list f Wrld Heritage Sites in 1985, this ancient capital city f the Nabataeans is a stne city with dwellings carved int sandstne walls. It has rts that trace back t as early as the 4th r 5th century B.C. Discvered in the early 1800s, it has been referred t as “the rse city” fr the clr f the rck. Situated in a muntainus area with limited access, it held a strategic psitin n the trade rute in the regin. Tday, Petra is the mst imprtant turist attractin in Jrdan.
1. Which f the fllwing appeared n the list f Wrld Heritage Sites first?
A. Cappadcia, Turkey.B. Brbudur, Indnesia.
C. Mesa Verde, D. Petra, Jrdan.
2. What can yu enjy in Cappadcia, Turkey?
A. Cave hmes.B. Temple cmplexes.
C. Cliff dwellings.D. Rse-clred rcks.
3. What made Petra stand ut in histry?
A. Its natural resurces.B. Its critical lcatin.
C. Its dynamic turism.D. Its unique scenery.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个著名的世界遗产保护区。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Cappadcia, Turkey部分中“Designated a Wrld Heritage Site in 1985, Cappadcia is a place f flwing rck frmatins and stne-capped chimneys (狭缝).(卡帕多西亚在1985年被指定为世界遗产，这里有流动的岩层和石头顶的烟囱)”；以及Brbudur, Indnesia部分中“Brbudur is ne f Indnesia’s mst famus landmarks, included in the list f Wrld Heritage Sites in 1991.(婆罗浮屠是印度尼西亚最著名的地标之一，1991年被列入世界遗产名录)”；以及Mesa Verde, 部分中“It has been n the list f Wrld Heritage Sites since 1978.(自1978年以来，它一直被列入世界遗产名录)”以及Petra, Jrdan中“Inscribed int the list f Wrld Heritage Sites in 1985, this ancient capital city f the Nabataeans is a stne city with dwellings carved int sandstne walls. (这座纳巴泰人的古都于1985年被列入世界遗产名录，是一座石城，民居雕刻在砂岩墙上)”可知，MesaVerde在1978年被列入世界遗产名录，与其他三个文化遗址相比，它是最先被纳入世界遗产名录的遗址。故选C。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Cappadcia, Turkey部分最后一句“Nearby, in the village f Uchisar are the ancient cave hmes built by the peple f the Brnze Age.(附近的Uchisar村是青铜器时代的人们建造的古老洞穴房屋)”可知，在这里可以欣赏到青铜时代人类建造的古老洞穴住所。故选A。
【3题详解】细节理解题。根据 Petra, Jrdan部分倒数第二句“Situated in a muntainus area with limited access, it held a strategic psitin n the trade rute in the regin. Tday, Petra is the mst imprtant turist attractin in Jrdan.(它位于山区，通道有限，在该地区的贸易路线上占有战略地位。今天，Petra是约旦最重要的旅游景点)”可知，由于位于山区通道受限的地方，Petra 在该地区的贸易路线上占据着战略位置，因此名垂千古。故选B。
B
Chita Rivera was an American dancer, singer, and actress best knwn fr her energetic perfrmances in such Bradway musicals as West Side Stry, Chicag, and Kiss f the Spider Wman.
Rivera’s first perfrmances were in shws her brther rganized fr prductin in the basement f their hme. She tk vice, pian, and ballet classes, and dance became her favurite activity. She wn a schlarship t Gerge Balanchine’s Schl f American Ballet in New Yrk City and studied there fr three years. In 1952 Rivera auditined fr (面试) the turing cmpany f Call Me Madam, was hired, and spent 10 mnths n the rad. Returning t New Yrk, she replaced a principal dancer in Guys and Dlls n Bradway and then jined the chrus (歌舞队) f Can-Can.
In 1954 Rivera left chrus wrk and perfrmed Off-Bradway in Shestring Revue. Rles in Seventh Heaven (1955) and Mr. Wnderful (1956) fllwed, and then Rivera landed the part f Anita in West Side Stry, fr which she received her first Tny Award nminatin.
Rivera finally wn a Tny, fr her perfrmance as Anna in The Rink (1984). One critic said that she cmmanded the audience like “a lin tamer with a whip snap in her walk”. In 1985 she was back n Bradway in Jerry’s Girls. The fllwing year Rivera suffered a brken leg in an autmbile accident, and it was feared that she wuld never walk again. After many mnths f recvery, she eased her way back int shw business by perfrming n cruise ships.
In 1993 she returned t Bradway, prtraying the film gddess Aurra in Kiss f the Spider Wman. Her energetic perfrmance earned Rivera her secnd Tny Award. She received additinal Tny nminatins fr a 2003 revival f Nine and fr the autbigraphical Chita Rivera: The Dancer’s Life (2005). In 2015 Rivera reprised her rle as the vengeful Claire Zachanassianin The Visit n Bradway, earning anther Tny nminatin.
Rivera’s numerus awards included a Kennedy Center Hnr (2002) and the Presidential Medal f Freedm (2009). In 2018 she received a Tny Award fr lifetime achievement.
4. What can we knw abut Rivera’s early experiences befre 1954?
A. Her perfrmed with her brther in the basement.
B. She tk vice, pian, and varius dance classes.
C. She spent 10 mnths perfrming in different places.
D. She fired a principal dancer in Guys and Dlls n Bradway.
5. Hw many times did Rivera win a Tny accrding t the passage?
A. Three.B. Fur.C. Five.D. Six.
6. Which wrds can best describe Rivera?
A. Cnfident and elegant.B. Talented and easyging.
C. Strng-willed and famus.D. Strict and hardwrking.
7. In which sectin is the passage mst prbably taken frm?
A. Entertainment.B. Award.C. Autbigraphy.D. Film.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名舞蹈家、歌手和女演员Chita Rivera的生平事迹，特别是她在百老汇音乐剧中的杰出表现。
【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 1952 Rivera auditined fr (面试) the turing cmpany f Call Me Madam, was hired, and spent 10 mnths n the rad(1952年，Rivera为巡回演出公司《叫我贵妇人》试镜，被聘用，并在路上度过了10个月) ”可知，Rivera在1952年加入了一个巡回演出公司，在不同的地方表演了10个月。故选C项。
【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Rivera finally wn a Tny, fr her perfrmance as Anna in The Rink (1984)(Rivera最终因在1984年的《溜冰场》中饰演Anna而获得了托尼奖)”和第五段“Her energetic perfrmance earned Rivera her secnd Tny Award(她充满活力的表演为Rivera赢得了第二个托尼奖)”以及最后一段“In 2018 she received a Tny Award fr lifetime achievement.(2018年，她获得了终身成就的托尼奖)”可知，Rivera共获得了三次托尼奖。故选A项。
【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“The fllwing year Rivera suffered a brken leg in an autmbile accident, and it was feared that she wuld never walk again. After many mnths f recvery, she eased her way back int shw business by perfrming n cruise ships(次年，里维拉在一场车祸中腿部骨折，一度担心无法再次行走。经过数月的康复，她通过在游轮上表演逐渐回到了演艺圈)”可推知，Rivera意志力强；根据最后一段“Rivera’s numerus awards included a Kennedy Center Hnr (2002) and the Presidential Medal f Freedm (2009). In 2018 she received a Tny Award fr lifetime achievement(里维拉的众多奖项包括肯尼迪中心荣誉奖（2002年）和总统自由勋章（2009年）。2018年，她因终身成就获得了托尼奖)”可推知，她得了很多奖，所以也有名气，故选C项。
【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Chita Rivera was an American dancer, singer, and actress best knwn fr her energetic perfrmances in such Bradway musicals as West Side Stry, Chicag, and Kiss f the Spider Wman.(奇塔·里维拉是一位美国舞者、歌手和演员，以她在百老汇音乐剧《西区故事》、《芝加哥》和《蜘蛛女之吻》中充满活力的表演而闻名)”、第四段“Rivera finally wn a Tny, fr her perfrmance as Anna in The Rink (1984)(Rivera最终因在1984年的《溜冰场》中饰演Anna而获得了托尼奖)”、第五段“Her energetic perfrmance earned Rivera her secnd Tny Award(她充满活力的表演为Rivera赢得了第二个托尼奖)”以及最后一段“In 2018 she received a Tny Award fr lifetime achievement.(2018年，她获得了终身成就的托尼奖)”可知，本文是介绍Rivera生前的事，而她是舞蹈家、歌手、演员。由此推知，本文最有可能出自娱乐栏目。故选A项。
C
It is natural t cmpare urselves t thers and t get caught in a mental cmparisn lp, and yet this seldm is beneficial. Yu may have heard the expressin “Cmparisn is the thief f jy.” T me, this is true as I have fund it is quite difficult t cmpare myself t thers and feel jy at the same time.
Cmparisn nt nly rbs us f jy, but it can als fuel self-criticism and a lack f self-acceptance. Typically, cmparisn leads t perceiving thers as superir t yu in sme way and feeling inadequate r inferir. “I am nt as successful, cmpetent, attractive as they are.” Why dn’t I have what they have? We use cmparisn as an avenue fr self-criticism, “What’s wrng with me? I must be an inadequate lser.” This hinders self-acceptance.
Cmparisn is deceptive (误导的). It tells us that if we meet the expectatins, lse weight, get a prmtin, r buy the huse, we will feel better, calmer, mre self-assured, and stp cmparing urselves. This may be temprarily true, yet, a cmparisn is an internal prcess that is ultimately based n ur thughts and sense f self, nt external circumstances. We can always find smething else t cmpare, anther expectatin we tell urselves we are nt meeting.
T stp cmparing urselves t thers, we have t recgnize that the cmparisn game is unwinnable (and exhausting) and stp playing. T shift frm being guided by cmparisn t being guided by yur values. Values are antidtes t cmparisn. Reflecting upn and being aware f yur values, and aligning (使一致) behavirs and decisins with yur values, highlights and reinfrces what is truly imprtant t yu and can slidify yur sense f self-identity and self-acceptance.
This des nt mean we ignre things that we may want t change. It means these changes and gals are based n values nt cmparisn t thers, and nt relevant t self-acceptance, we accept urselves regardless.
Behavirs and decisins are a matter f persnal chice, nt a means t measure up t thers r a requirement fr acceptance. Self-acceptance isn’t abut fixing anything abut yurself, it is abut affirming wh yu are, tday.
8. What is the negative effect f cmparisn?
A. It results in criticism frm ther peple.
B. It harms ur cnfidence and dignity.
C. It makes us give up wrking hard.
D. It hinders ur rads t success.
9. Why is cmparisn misleading accrding t paragraph 3?
A. Because it is an internal prcess depending n ur expectatins.
B. Because there are s many things waiting fr us t cmpare.
C. Because we set high standard fr urselves all the time.
D. Because we never stp cmparing despite temprary satisfactin.
10. What des the underlined wrd in paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A. Slutins.B. Necessities.C. Reasns.D. Suggestins.
11. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. Cmparisn reduce ur values
B. Accept yur wn behavirs and decisins
C. Stp trying t measure up t thers
D. Why is it unnecessary t cmpare?
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了和他人做比较给自己带来的不利影响，阐述了为什么和他人做比较是误导人的，最后提出倡导:不要和别人做比较，要根据自己的价值观做出行为和决定。
【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Typically, cmparisn leads t perceiving thers as superir t yu in sme way and feeling inadequate r inferir. (通常情况下，攀比会让你觉得别人在某些方面比你优越，并感到不足或自卑)”可知，比较会伤害自信和自尊。故选B。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Cmparisn is deceptive (误导的). It tells us that if we meet the expectatins, lse weight, get a prmtin, r buy the huse, we will feel better, calmer, mre self-assured, and stp cmparing urselves. This may be temprarily true, yet, a cmparisn is an internal prcess that is ultimately based n ur thughts and sense f self, nt external circumstances. We can always find smething else t cmpare, anther expectatin we tell urselves we are nt meeting.(比较是具有误导性的。它告诉我们，如果我们达到预期，减肥，升职，或者买房子，我们会感觉更好，更平静，更自信，不再比较自己。这可能暂时是正确的，然而，比较是一个内部过程，最终基于我们的思想和自我意识，而不是外部环境。我们总能找到其他的东西来比较，我们告诉自己我们没有达到的另一个期望)”可推知，“比较”具有误导性，因为我们永远不会停止攀比，尽管有暂时的满足。。故选D。
【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“Reflecting upn and being aware f yur values, and aligning (使一致) behavirs and decisins with yur values, highlights and reinfrces what is truly imprtant t yu and can slidify yur sense f self-identity and self-acceptance.(反思并意识到你的价值观，将行为和决定与你的价值观相一致，突出并强化对你来说真正重要的东西，并能巩固你的自我认同感和自我接纳感)”可知，反思并且意识到你自己的价值观，让你的行为和决定与价值观一致，也就是说，行为和决定不再是通过与别人比较做出来的，而是基于自身价值观，所以，价值观是与他人做比较的解毒剂（解决方案）。由此可知，划线词与A选项“Slutins.(解决办法)”为同义词。故选A。
【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章鼓励人们停止与他人比较，因为这会剥夺我们的快乐，并导致自我批评和不接受自己，即全文都在阐述与别人做比较的不好之处，文中也给出了解决办法，落脚点就是让我们停止和别人做比较。由此可知，C选项“Stp trying t measure up t thers.(不要试图达到别人的标准)”概括文章的主要内容，适合作本文标题。故选C。
D
A persn suffering frm paralysis (瘫痪) was able t independently drink water by using his brain t cntrl a special glve serving as his hand. It sunds like magic, desn’t it?
This was a recent breakthrugh in brain-machine interface (BMI) technlgy by a team f Chinese scientists and dctrs. BMI refers t creating a cnnectin between the human brain and external devices, making direct cmmunicatin between the brain and cmputers. Fr paralyzed peple, it helps cntrl the bdy thrugh thughts in the brain crtex (大脑皮层) and d simple things by themselves. On Oct 24, 2023, the team cmpleted the first clinical trial n the patient, using wireless minimally invasive (微创的) BMI implantatin (植入). Tw cin-sized BMI prcessrs were implanted int the patient’s skull (颅骨), successfully receiving neural signals (神经信号) frm the brain. After three mnths f hme rehabilitatin (康复) training, the patient can nw use his brain signals t cntrl a special glve pwered by air pressure. This helps him d things like drinking water independently.
The significance f the prject is that the patient’s neural tissue was nt damaged during the prcess, whereas previus attempts may have such risks. It als uses a wireless pwer supply, meaning that the implanted device des nt require a battery. BMI is nw mainly applied in the medical field t help imprve the quality f life fr thse wh have truble mving r speaking due t brain-related issues. Additinally, BMI has simple applicatins fr healthy individuals, such as mnitring attentin span, fatigue (疲劳), and sleep, as well as serving as a simple interactive gaming device.
In China, BMI technlgy is still in the early stages f research and develpment, with n prducts available yet n the market. Sme peple are wrried that psychlgically experiments may affect the autnmy (自主性) and even persnality f the patients. Meanwhile, ethical cncerns (伦理问题) related t BMI users als need t be addressed. These include patient privacy and whether the patient has a clear understanding f what is invlved when agreeing t take part in the experiment.
12. What is the main fcus f BMI technlgy?
A. Advancing human cmmunicatin.
B. Develping wireless neural signal receptin.
C. Enhancing the cnnectin between the brain and devices.
D. Imprving interactin between paralyzed individuals.
13. What d we knw abut the BMI implantatin trial mentined in the article?
A. The patient culd cntrl a special glve t mve.
B. The BMI prcessrs used are t small t be seen by the naked eye.
C. The patient’s neural tissues were damaged during the implantatin.
D. Signals frm the whle bdy were received by the BMI prcessrs.
14. What is an imprtant feature f the implanted BMI device?
A. Minimally invasive wired implantatin.
B. Integratin f air pressure technlgy.
C. Applicatin in simple interactive gaming.
D. Use f wireless pwer instead f battery pwer.
15. What are the cncerns mentined abut BMI technlgy?
A. Ethical issues related t patient privacy.
B. Psychlgical effects n healthy individuals.
C. Ptential physical impacts fr patients.
D. The high price f BMI prducts n the market.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BMI技术应用于帮助瘫痪患者，文章也介绍了该技术的优势以及该技术仍在开发阶段。
【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“BMI refers t creating a cnnectin between the human brain and external devices, making direct cmmunicatin between the brain and cmputers.(脑机接口是指在人脑与外部设备之间建立连接，实现大脑与计算机之间的直接通信)”可知，BMI技术主要在人脑和外部设备之间建立联系，使大脑和计算机之间进行通信。故选C。
【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After three mnths f hme rehabilitatin (康复) training, the patient can nw use his brain signals t cntrl a special glve pwered by air pressure. This helps him d things like drinking water independently.(经过三个月的居家康复训练，这位患者现在能够使用他的大脑信号来控制一个由气压驱动的特殊手套。这帮助他能够独立地做一些事情，比如喝水)”可知， BMI技术可以帮助病人用他的大脑信号来控制一个由气压驱动的特殊手套。故选A。
【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The significance f the prject is that the patient’s neural tissue was nt damaged during the prcess, whereas previus attempts may have such risks. It als uses a wireless pwer supply, meaning that the implanted device des nt require a battery.(该项目的意义在于，在整个过程中患者的神经组织没有受到损伤，而之前的尝试可能会存在这种风险。此外，它还使用了无线供电方式，这意味着植入的设备不需要电池)”可知，BMI设备使用的是无线供电。故选D。
【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile, ethical cncerns (伦理问题) related t BMI users als need t be addressed. These include patient privacy and whether the patient has a clear understanding f what is invlved when agreeing t take part in the experiment.(同时，与BMI用户相关的伦理问题也需要被解决。这些问题包括病人隐私以及病人在同意参与实验时是否清楚了解所涉及的内容)”可知，关于BMI技术的担忧是与患者隐私相关的伦理问题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Want t find ut hw yu can learn a new language as fast as pssible? If yu cmmit t yur new language, wrk hard, and have an pen mind abut making mistakes, yu can g frm basic cnversatinal skills t fluency withut the need fr expensive classes and years f dedicated study. ____16____
Watch shws r mvies.
____17____ Pssibly the easiest thing yu can d is watch televisin shws r mvies in the language yu are trying t learn. T make things easier, try t watch shws r mvies whse plts yu are already familiar with — like kids’ cartns r dubbed versins f English mvie. Knwing the plts will help yu t identify the meanings f wrds and phrases.
____18____
Study smarter, nt harder. Mastering everyday cnversatin will let yu hit the grund running. It’s mre imprtant t master basic phrases yu’ll use frequently than it is t start ff by learning the alphabet r the perfect sentence structure. Fr example, yu can learn phrases like: Hell, Gdbye, Hw are yu?, I’m ding well, What is yur name?, My name is…, and s n.
Dn’t wrry abut perfect grammar.
____19____ The reasn why mst peple can’t remember mst f the language they spent years learning in schl is that schl curricula tend t fcus a huge amunt f time n learning grammar and very little time n speech. ____20____ The specifics f grammar will cme later.
A. Learn hw t greet.
B. Learn basic phrases.
C. We’ll let yu in n the easiest language-learning secrets.
D. Fcus n cnveying a message and being understandable.
E. Language learners are afraid f being laughed at by listeners.
F. If yu want t learn a language quickly, yu shuld learn hw t talk first.
G. Immersin can help yu quickly imprve yur listening and speaking skills.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. B 19. D 20. F
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何快速学习一门新语言。关键在于投入时间和精力，保持开放的心态，不怕犯错误。
【16题详解】根据前文“ If yu cmmit t yur new language, wrk hard, and have an pen mind abut making mistakes, yu can g frm basic cnversatinal skills t fluency withut the need fr expensive classes and years f dedicated study. (如果你致力于你的新语言，努力学习，并对犯错误持开放的态度，你可以从基本的会话技能到流利，而不需要昂贵的课程和多年的专门学习)”可知，如果准备学门新的语言，努力学、不怕犯错误就会掌握基本技能，变得熟练，而且不用花钱上课。因此后文应该介绍具体学习语言的策略和方法。C选项“We’ll let yu in n the easiest language-learning secrets.(我们将告诉你最简单的语言学习秘诀)”承上启下，引出下文学习语言的建议和秘诀。故选C。
【17题详解】根据本段小标题“Watch shws r mvies.(看节目或电影)”以及后文“Pssibly the easiest thing yu can d is watch televisin shws r mvies in the language yu are trying t learn. (也许你能做的最简单的事情就是看你正在学习的语言的电视节目或电影)”可知，此处强调通过看节目或者看电影的方式来学习语言。G选项“Immersin can help yu quickly imprve yur listening and speaking skills.(沉浸式学习可以帮助你快速提高听说能力)”中的“沉浸式学习”方式与标题中的“看节目或者看电影”形成呼应即沉浸式学习指的事观看电视节目或者电影，这是最简单的学习语言的方式，该选项符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】该空为小标题即本段的段旨。根据后文“ It’s mre imprtant t master basic phrases yu’ll use frequently than it is t start ff by learning the alphabet r the perfect sentence structure. (掌握你经常使用的基本短语比从学习字母表或完美的句子结构开始更重要)”可知，本段强调的是学习语言过程中学习基本短语的重要性。B选项“Learn basic phrases.(学习基本短语)”概括本段段旨，符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】根据后文“The reasn why mst peple can’t remember mst f the language they spent years learning in schl is that schl curricula tend t fcus a huge amunt f time n learning grammar and very little time n speech. (大多数人之所以记不住在学校里花了几年时间学习的大部分语言，是因为学校课程往往把大量的时间放在学习语法上，而很少花时间在学习口语上)”可知，学校课程过多关注语法、不怎么关注说话表达，造成很多人记不起学过的语言。所以前文应该强调的是不要过多关注于大量的语法上，在语言学习过程中应该专注于传达让人理解的信息。D选项“Fcus n cnveying a message and being understandable.(专注于传达信息和让人理解)”与下文呼应，符合语境。故选D。
【20题详解】根据后文“The specifics f grammar will cme later.(语法的细节稍后再讲)”可知，此处强调之后要注意语法的细节。设空处应该指出在学习语言过程中，应该先注意什么。F选项“If yu want t learn a language quickly, yu shuld learn hw t talk first.(如果你想快速学会一门语言，你应该先学会如何说话)”指出，应该先学会如何表达，如何说话，与下文形成对应，符合语境。故选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Frty years ag, Mrs. Austen was my first-grade teacher, an ld lady with salt-and-pepper hair, firm but kind, patient and ____21____. She let us bake gingerbread men in the schl cafeteria — a delightful ____22____ that amazed me. And whenever we read the “Jack and Janet” bks, she wuldn’t let the ther kids ____23____ my classmate Jack r me.
But I came t truly ____24____ Mrs. Austen when a dress-up day was ____25____. On that day, we were encuraged t wear clthes in the ____26____ f the mid-1800s. My mther, a superb tailr, made a pineer-style dress fr me. I was s prud ____27____ it as I walked t schl that day. When I gt there, hwever, I was the nly ne in my class wh had dressed up, feeling kind f ____28____. Mrs. Austen hed and aahed ver my ____29____ and then went t her ffice. It didn’t take lng befre she _____30_____ in a frntier-style dress! She explained that she had asked her husband t bring the cstume.
We mved away tw years later, and I still _____31_____ that I never tld Mrs. Austen hw _____32_____ I was t her, a teacher wh went ut f her way, and even _____33_____ her husband’s help, t keep a little girl frm feeling _____34_____. I had many wnderful teachers thrughut the years, but Mrs. Austen has always held a(n) _____35_____ place in my heart.
21. A. neighbrlyB. cwardlyC. grandmtherlyD. schlarly
22. A. treatB. viewC. jurneyD. stry
23. A. call nB. laugh atC. relate tD. engage with
24. A. rememberB. apprachC. believeD. appreciate
25. A. appintedB. scheduledC. establishedD. canceled
26. A. exhibitinB. curseC. styleD. shw
27. A. makingB. wearingC. hldingD. wning
28. A. cntentedB. frightenedC. embarrassedD. disappinted
29. A. ckiesB. presentC. materialD. cstume
30. A. reappearedB. displayedC. annuncedD. mdeled
31. A. pretendB. assumeC. imagineD. regret
32. A. dedicatedB. significantC. attachedD. grateful
33. A. deserveB. sughtC. fferedD. declined
34. A. at easeB. in rderC. ut f placeD. under cntrl
35. A. specialB. typicalC. bviusD. ideal
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对曾经老师的回忆，描述了和老师之间的一段温馨而深刻的师生关系。
【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：四十年前，Austen夫人是我的一年级老师，一位头发花白、坚定而和蔼、耐心又慈祥的老太太。A. neighbrly友好的；B. cwardly懦弱的、胆小的；C. grandmtherly慈祥的；D. schlarly学术性的、学者派头的。根据空前的“kind, patient”以及下文内容可知，Austen夫人是一位慈祥的老师。故选C。
【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她让我们在学校的食堂烤姜饼人——这是一种令人愉快的款待，让我大吃一惊。A. treat款待；B. view观点；C. jurney旅程；D. stry故事。根据上文的“bake gingerbread men”可知，老师带学生在烤姜饼人，这是一种令人愉快的款待。故选A。
【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：每当我们读《杰克和珍妮特》的故事时，她不会让其他孩子嘲笑我的同学Jack或我。A. call n号召；B. laugh at嘲笑；C. relate t有关、涉及；D. engage with与……接洽、衔接。根据空前“whenever we read the “Jack and Janet” bks”可推测，作者的名字应该是Janet，而根据常理可知，小孩可能会因为自己的同学和故事书中人物同名而嘲笑同学。根据上文可知，这位老师非常的有爱心，由此可知，她会阻止自己的学生这样做。故选B。
【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当学校安排了一次装扮日时，我才真正感激Austen夫人。A. remember记得；B. apprach接近；C. believe相信；D. appreciate欣赏、感激。根据下文内容以及“a teacher wh went ut f her way, and even ________ her husband’s help, t keep a little girl frm feeling ________ .”可知，作者非常感激自己的老师曾经为她所做的一切，保护了一个女孩的自尊心。故选D。
【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当学校安排了一次装扮日时，我真正感受到了Austen夫人的特别。A. appinted任命、委派；B. scheduled安排；C. established建立；D. canceled取消。根据下文“On that day, we were encuraged t wear clthes in the _______ f the mid-1800s.”可知，学校安排了一次装扮日。故选B。
【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那一天，我们被鼓励穿19世纪中期风格的衣服。A. exhibitin展览；B. curse课程；C. style风格；D. shw表演、展览。根据下文“My mther, a superb tailr, made a pineer-style dress fr me.”可知，学校鼓励学生在装扮日穿19世纪中期风格的衣服。故选C。
【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天我穿着它去上学，我感到很自豪。A. making制作；B. wearing穿戴；C. hlding持有、保持；D. wning拥有。根据上文“My mther, a superb tailr, made a pineer-style dress fr me.”以及下文“I was the nly ne in my class wh had dressed up”可知，作者是穿着妈妈所做的裙子去了学校。故选B。
【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我到达那里时，却发现我是班里唯一一个装扮过的学生，这让我感到有点尴尬。A. cntented满意的；B. frightened害怕的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. disappinted失望的。根据空前“I was the nly ne in my class wh had dressed up”可知，作者是班里唯一一个穿着19世纪中期风格裙子的人，根据常理可知，作者此时感到有点尴尬。故选C。
【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Austen夫人对我的服装啧啧称奇，然后去了她的办公室。A. ckies饼干；B. present礼物；C. material物质；D. cstume服装。根据上文可知，作者穿着妈妈做的19世纪中期风格的裙子，由此可知，Austen是对作者的服装啧啧称奇。故选D。
【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没过多久，她又出现了，穿着一件边疆风格的裙子！A. reappeared再出现；B. displayed显示、表现；C. annunced通知；D. mdeled模仿、做模型。根据上文“Mrs. Austen hed and aahed ver my ________ and then went t her ffice.”可知，Austen夫人去了办公室，由此可知，空处指的是她穿着一件边疆风格的裙子再次出现了。故选A。
【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年后我们搬走了，我至今仍感到遗憾，我从未对Austen夫人说过我是多么感激她，这位老师不仅费尽心思，甚至还请她丈夫帮忙，让一个小女孩不会感到格格不入。A. pretend假装；B. assume假定、设想；C. imagine想象；D. regret遗憾。根据空后“I never tld Mrs. Austen hw ________ I was t her”可知，作者并未向老师表达自己的感激，由此可知，作者感到很遗憾。故选D。
【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两年后我们搬走了，我至今仍感到遗憾，我从未对Austen夫人说过我是多么感激她，这位老师不仅费尽心思，甚至还请她丈夫帮忙，让一个小女孩不会感到格格不入。A. dedicated专注的；B. significant重要的；C. attached附加的；D. grateful感激的。根据上文内容可知，Austen老师看到只有作者一人穿了19世纪风格的衣服，为了保护一个小女孩的自尊心，老师让丈夫为自己送来了那个时代的服装，并且穿上从而让作者不会感到尴尬。由此可推测，作者对老师充满了感激。故选D。
【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年后我们搬走了，我至今仍感到遗憾，我从未对Austen夫人说过我是多么感激她，这位老师不仅费尽心思，甚至还请她丈夫帮忙，让一个小女孩不会感到格格不入。A. deserved值得；B. sught寻找；C. ffered提供；D. declined下降、拒绝。根据上文“She explained that she had asked her husband t bring the cstume.”可知，Austen老师当时是向自己的丈夫寻求帮助。故选B。
【34题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：两年后我们搬走了，我至今仍感到遗憾，我从未对Austen夫人说过我是多么感激她，这位老师不仅费尽心思，甚至还请她丈夫帮忙，让一个小女孩不会感到格格不入。A. at ease轻松地；B. in rder整齐、秩序井然；C. ut f place格格不入、不相称的；D. under cntrl在控制下。根据上文“When I gt there, hwever, I was the nly ne in my class wh had dressed up, feeling kind f ________ .”可知，当时只有作者一人穿着19世纪风格的衣服，由此可知，当时的作者感到自己与其他同学格格不入，而幸亏Austen老师，作者才没有这种感觉。故选C。
【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，我遇到过许多优秀的老师，但Austen夫人在我心中一直占据着一个特殊的位置。A. special特殊的；B. typical典型的；C. bvius明显的；D. ideal理想的。根据全文内容可知，Austen老师给作者留下了深刻的印象，由此可知，Austen老师对作者而言有着特殊的意义。故选A。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Imagine a vehicle that can pick yu up utside yur hme, drive t the nearest railway line, transfrm ____36____ (it) int a train and then switch back t drp yu in the center f a nearby twn. It may sund like a stry frm “Thmas the Tank Engine”, but that is exactly ____37____ Japan’s DMV Rad-Rail buses have been ding since 2021.
The buses, ____38____ (accmmdate) arund 20 passengers per trip, run a 30- mile rute between the twn f Kaiy in Tkushima and the city f Murt, Kchi Prefecture. Six miles f the rute are alng a rural railway line, with the rest in bus mde. With a capacity f 23, including passengers and crew, the DMV is a gas-. pwered bus fitted with a set f retractable (可伸缩的) rail wheels which can be ____39____ (ready) unflded in abut 15 secnds. Lighter than a traditinal train, the DMV als cnsumes less fuel and is cheaper ____40____ (maintain).
____41____ (recgnize) as “the wrld’s first peratinal dual-mde vehicle”, it is actually the ____42____ (late) in a lng series f similar experiments t imprve rural rail services and reduce their csts. As far back as the 1930s, rad buses were transfrmed int railcars in Ireland and similar vehicles t the DMV ____43____ (test) in England befre that time.
Tkushima gvernment hpes the DMV buses will becme ____44____ turist draw ne day. It als believes they culd als be _____45_____ much use fr reaching remte cmmunities in the event f natural disasters such as earthquakes, which can leave sectins f rads r railway lines unusable.
【答案】36. itself 37. what 38. accmmdating 39. readily 40. t maintain
41. Recgnized 42. latest 43. had been tested 44. a 45. f
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本车管所公路铁路巴士被宣传为“世界上第一辆可操作的双模式车辆”，实际上是一系列改善农村铁路服务的类似实验中最新的一个。早在20世纪30年代，类似的车辆就在英国和西德进行了测试。
【36题详解】考查反身代词。句意：想象一下，一辆车可以在你家外面接你，开到最近的铁路线，自己变成一列火车，然后换回来把你放在附近城镇的中心。根据此处指一辆车可以把“它自己”转变为火车，应用反身代词itself。故填itself。
【37题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这听起来像是《托马斯坦克引擎》里的故事，但这正是日本车管所自2021年以来一直在做的事情。表语从句中缺少宾语，应使用what引导表语从句，故填what。
【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些巴士每趟可容纳约20名乘客，在德岛的海洋镇和高知县的室户市之间行驶30英里。此处accmmdate与buses为主动关系，为现在分词作状语，故填accmmdating。
【39题详解】考查副词。句意：车管所可容纳23人，包括乘客和机组人员，是一辆燃气车。动力巴士装有一组可伸缩的轨道轮，可以在大约15秒内轻松展开。修饰动词unflded应用副词readily，故填readily。
【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：DMV比传统的火车更轻，消耗的燃料更少，维护成本也更低。此处为be adj. t d sth.，应填不定式，故填t maintain。
【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它被公认为“世界上第一辆可运行的双模式车辆”，实际上是一系列类似试验中最新的一次，这些试验旨在改善农村铁路服务并降低成本。此处recgnize与it为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Recgnized。
【42题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：它被公认为“世界上第一辆可运行的双模式车辆”，实际上是一系列类似试验中最新的一次，这些试验旨在改善农村铁路服务并降低成本。根据上文定冠词以及句意可知应用最高级。故填latest。
【43题详解】考查时态。句意：早在20世纪30年代，爱尔兰的公共汽车就被改造成有轨电车，而在此之前，英国也曾对类似的车辆进行过测试。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据时间状语“befre that time”，且that time指的是前文的1930s，应使用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been tested。
【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：德岛政府希望车管所巴士有一天能吸引游客。该空后面的draw活用为动词，“a turist draw”译为“吸引游客的地方”，故填a。
【45题详解】考查介词。句意：它还认为，在发生地震等自然灾害时，它们在到达偏远社区方面也有很大用处，这些自然灾害可能会使部分公路或铁路线无法使用。短语“be f much use”译为“非常有用”。故填f。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是高一学生李华，你的美国笔友Peter对你的高中生活很感兴趣，想知道你进入高中后这一学年的情况和暑假的打算。请你给他写一封回信，要点如下：
1. 介绍高一生活；
2. 暑假的打算；
3. 感谢关心，表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
It’s great t hear that yu are interested in my high schl life. Nw, let me share with yu hw my first semester f high schl went.
High schl has been quite challenging but als exciting. I’ve made new friends and we ften study tgether, which helps us vercme difficulties. As fr my plans fr the winter vacatin, I am lking frward t a relaxing break. I plan t spend quality time with my family, catch up n sme reading, and imprve my English skills by watching mvies and reading English bks.
Thank yu s much fr yur care and cncern. I really appreciate it. I hpe everything is ging well fr yu t.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alisa wh had stayed at hme all her life t lk after her three children lst her husband in a car accident, s she had t step ut and earn mney t make ends meet. With zer wrk experience and n prfessinal degree, her chances f getting hired fr a well-paid jb were next t zer.
One day, after drpping her children at schl, Alisa sptted a cnstructin site. “I think I can wrk here,” she thught and apprached the manager.
“Hi, are yu hiring?” she asked. “Yes, we are,” the manager lked at Alisa frm head t te. “Are yu sure yu can wrk here? This jb requires a lt f hard wrk.” “I’m ready fr it,” she tld the manager and signed a cntract t wrk a 12-hur shift.
Hwever, Alisa kept her new jb a secret frm her children. She thught they wuld feel embarrassed after learning their mther wrked at a cnstructin site.
Every mrning, after drpping her children t schl, she wuld g t the cnstructin site and wrk until her shift ended. She wuld pick up heavy bricks n her shulder t transprt them frm ne part f the site t the ther. One evening, Alisa’s sn, David, tld her abut an upcming cntest in schl that required mthers t participate. In the cmpetitin, students will wear blindflds and have t recgnize their mthers withut lking at them. “That sunds like such a cl event, David!” Alisa said excitedly, “I can’t wait fr it!” “I wn’t g there with yu, mm,” David replied. “But why?” What her sn said next was smething Alisa wasn’t prepared t hear.
“Mm, I wuld have t tuch yur hands t recgnize yu, and everyne wuld lk at them,” David explained. “Yur hands are s ugly. They’re s hard and rugh,” he added. “I will feel s embarrassed when my classmates lk at yur hands,” the by said. “I wn’t attend the event.” Alisa felt terrible but culdn’t say anything in her defense.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A few weeks later, David was walking hme when smething unexpected caught his attentin.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On his way back hme, he kept thinking abut hw he wuld aplgize t his mther.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Para.1 A few weeks later, David was walking hme when smething unexpected caught his attentin. His gaze was fixed n a familiar figure labring in the distance. It was his mther, Alisa, wrking at the cnstructin site he had never knwn abut. She was lifting heavy bricks nt her shulder, with her hands hard and rugh frm the cnstant labr. David std there, shcked. He had never imagined his mther wrking in such cnditins. The sight f her hardwrking figure made him feel a mix f shame, regret, and even admiratin. He realized hw flish he had been, thinking nly f his wn embarrassment.
Para.2 On his way back hme, he kept thinking abut hw he wuld aplgize t his mther. He understd that his mther’s hands, thugh hard and rugh, were an evidence t her sacrifice and lve. When his mther reaching hme, he walked straight t Alisa and hugged her tightly. “Tears in his eyes,” he said, “I was wrng t be ashamed f yu. Yu’re the bravest and strngest persn I knw.” Alisa, surprised at first, smiled warmly and hugged him back. “It’s kay, David,” she said. “I’m prud f yu fr understanding.” That evening, David shared his mther’s stry with his siblings, and they decided t supprt Alisa in whatever she did, fr she was their her and their pride.