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    2025高考英语语法复习专题四讲义句子成分与主谓一致

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    这是一份2025高考英语语法复习专题四讲义句子成分与主谓一致,文件包含2025高考英语语法复习专题四讲义句子成分与主谓一致解析版docx、2025高考英语语法复习专题四讲义句子成分与主谓一致学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源,其中学案共53页, 欢迎下载使用。
    主语:是句子所要说明的人或事物。是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。
    主语通常由名词 (短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式 (短语)、动名词 (短语)或从句等充当。
    1)名词:A tree has fallen acrss the rad.
    (2)代词:He tld a jke but it fell flat.
    (3)数词:Three is enugh.
    (4)动名词:Smking is bad fr yu.
    (5)不定式: T find yur way can be a prblem.
    (6)it 形式主语:It is certain that he will win the match.
    (7)从句:That he finished writing the cmpsitin in such a shrt time surprised us all.
    谓语:主语的行为或状态,一般在主语之后。
    谓语反映:时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致等。
    I. 常用的动词时态
    I. 常用被动语态
    被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化列表如下:
    谓语分为:简单谓语和复合谓语。
    The breeze brushed her cheek.
    I dn’t knw the reasn why the huse is s dirty.(“助动词+动词原形”构成复合谓语。)
    He might be able t speak English.(“情态动词+动词原形”构成复合谓语。)
    宾语: 是动作的对象或承受者, 一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。
    可以作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。
    (1)名词:D yu fancy a drink?
    (2)代词:They wn’t hurt us.
    (3)数词:If yu add 5 t 5, yu get 10.
    (4)不定式:Des she really want t leave hme?
    (5)动名词:We d nt allw / permit smking in the kitchen.
    (6)从句(即宾语从句):D yu understand what I mean?
    (7)it 形式宾语:I find it difficult t learn English well.
    2. 宾语的种类
    (1)直接宾语:动作的直接承受者或结果(一般是物sth.)
    间接宾语:动作对谁或者为谁而做的(一般是人sb.)
    (2)介词后面的宾语,构成“介宾结构”
    I am interested in cmputer studies.
    表语:用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。表语与系动词一起构成复合谓语 (系表结构)。
    可作表语的有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、过去分词、介词短语、从句。
    (1)名词:The wedding was that Sunday.
    (2)代词:Seventy-fur?—Yu dn’t lk it.
    (3)数词:We are seven.
    (4)形容词:Are yu busy?
    (5)副词:I am here.
    (6)不定式:All I culd d was t wait.
    (7)动名词:Seeing is believing.
    (8)过去分词:I’m very pleased with what he has dne.
    (9)介词短语:She is in gd health.
    (10)从句:That is why I was angry.
    定语:是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语,它常和名词构成名词短语。
    可以用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、分词、不定式、动名词、介词短语和从句等。
    (1)形容词:She is a natural musician.
    (2)名词:A baby girl is crying.
    (3)代词:Yur hair needs cutting.(物主代词)
    Everybdy’s business is nbdy’s business.(不定代词所有格)
    (4)数词:D it nw, yu may nt get a secnd chance. (序数词)
    (5)副词:The rm abve is my sister’s. (副词作定语后置)
    (6)不定式:Her prmise t write was frgtten.
    (7)动名词:Learning methds vary frm persn t persn.
    (8)分词: The brken windw has been replaced.(过去分词)
    The girl rse her head and saw the rising sun.(现在分词)
    (9)介词短语:This is a map f China.
    (10)从句(定语从句): The car that is parked utside is mine.
    补足语: 补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。
    主语补足语: 补充说明主语意义的句子成分。
    宾语补足语: 补充说明宾语意义的句子成分。
    可以用作补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。
    (1)Yu must keep the rm clean and tidy.
    (2) Jhn asked me t help him with his Chinese.
    (3) I will have my hair cut tmrrw.
    (4) We saw the by playing basketball n the grund
    状语: 状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。
    可以用作状语的有:副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格结构和从句等。
    状语的分类:状语按用途可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等 。
    He was late because he gt up late.
    He gt up s late that I missed the train.
    My father wrked in this schl ten years ag.
    I waited t see yu.
    His parents died, leaving him an rphan.
    This bk is very interesting.
    The meeting ver,we left the rm.
    He arrived hme, hungry and tired.
    They cared fr the child day and night.
    同位语:对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。
    (1)名词:We, the Chinese peple, are determined t
    build China int a pwerful and prsperus cuntry.
    (2)代词:They all wanted t see him.
    He himself desn’t knw why.
    (3)数词:Are yu tw ready?
    (4)同位语从句:The news that we are having a hliday tmrrw is nt true.
    插入语:对一句话的附加解释、说明或总结用逗号、破折号隔开,与句子的其他部分之间没有语法关系。
    T be frank, I dn’t agree with yu.
    Strictly speaking, yu are wrng.
    This, in my pinin, is nly a simple questin.
    Hnestly, I dn’t need it at the mment.
    Yu are nt quite fit fr this kind f wrk, if I may say s.
    英语句子分类
    英语句子分为: 简单句、并列句、复合句
    简单句
    英语的基本句型
    (1)主语 +谓语(不及物动词)
    She came./ My head aches.
    主谓结构的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。但也可以加介词跟宾语:“主+谓+介词+宾语”。We g t schl everyday.
    (2)主语 +谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语
    She likes English.
    主语 +谓语(双宾动词)+ 间宾+直宾
    可接双宾语的常见动词有:ask, answer, give, ffer, send, bring, pass, tell, shw, teach, prmise等。
    he gave Jhn a bk.
    She bught a bk fr me.
    (4)主语 +谓语(宾补动词)+ 宾语+宾补
    She makes her mther angry.
    The teacher asked me t read the passage.
    可接复合宾语的常见动词有:ask, tell, find, help, like, allw, take, make, let, have(使得), frce(强迫), call, advise, persuade(劝服), watch, see, hear, feel(认为,觉得), cnsider(认为), chse, elect(选)等。
    (5)主语 + 系动词 + 表语
    She is happy.
    (6)There +be
    There lies a bk n the desk.
    简单句的扩展:基本句型 + 附属成分(定语、状语)
    She likes ranges imprted frm the USA.
    Jhn gave Mary many bks,which are full f picturess.
    She is sitting at the desk, ding her hmewrk.
    As he was ill, he didn’t cme t class yesterday.
    并列句
    并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成, 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。
    在并列句中, 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组, 或者连接副词来连接分句,有时甚至不用并列连词, 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。
    常用的并列连词有:and , but , r, fr, s , neither, nr …
    并列连词词组有:either…r, neither…nr, bth…and, as well as, nt nly…but als…
    连接副词有:besides, furthermre, mrever …
    表示联合关系
    常用and , neither…nr, nt nly…but als 等连词
    There was a big strm after midnight and the rain pured dwn.
    I can neither write sngs nr play the guitar.
    表示选择关系
    常用r, either …r 等连词
    We ck a dinner tgether, r we g fr a lng walk.
    …either ne f his daughters replaces him as a prisner in the castle, r he will die. …
    表示转折和对比关系
    常用yet, but, hwever, while 等
    but表示完全转折, 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 hwever在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。
    Sme sprts are dne indrs, while thers are dne utdrs.
    They wanted t charge ﹩5,000 fr the car, but we managed t bring the price dwn.
    In sme places wmen are expected t earn mney while men wrk at hme and raise their children.
    One can nt see wind, hwever, it des exist.
    I’d like t g with yu ; hwever , my hands are full.
    The essay is gd; it culd be imprved ,hwever.
    He wrked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)
    It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)
    表示因果关系
    常用s, fr,therefre等连接词
    I didn’t get enugh sleep s I didn’t feel very well this mrning.
    It was raining, therefre we had t stay at hme.
    He fund it increasingly difficult t read , fr his eyesight was brginning t fail.
    表示条件或者结果
    常用and或者r等连词
    Simply raise yur hand , and a taxi appears in n time.
    Dn’t drive t fast r yu will have an accident .
    Stand ver there and yu will see the il painting better.
    Yu have t mve ut f the way r the truck can’t get past.
    表示递进关系
    常用besides, furthermre,mrever等连接副词。
    Televisin is entertaining; besides/furthermre/mrever, it is instructive.
    并列句固定句型
    1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。
    (1)祈使句,and/r+主谓结构。
    (2)名词短语,and+主谓结构。
    (3).be abut 正要……这时突然……
    Climb t the tp f the muntain,and yu'll get a gd view f the city.
    Hurry up,r yu'll be late.
    Anther five minutes,and I'll finish the cmpsitin.
    A few minutes and they went away.
    He was abut t g ut when it began t rain heavily.
    2.hwever,but,while的用法比较。
    hwever另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比,又表转折。
    He was ill,but he still kept n wrking.
    What she said sunded reasnable,Mr. Green,hwever,didn't believe her. 她说得有道理,然而,格林先生就是不信她。
    There is plenty f rain in the suth while there is little rain in the nrth. 南方多雨而北方少雨。
    3.(1) s不能与because连用。
    (2)but,while不与althugh连用,但yet,still可与althugh连用
    并列句易错点
    误区一 并列连词的缺失或误用
    (1)【误】We bught her a birthday present, she liked it very much.
    【正】We bught her a birthday present, and she liked it very much.
    [分析] 分析句式可知,两个分句之间缺少连词,结合句意“我们给她买了生日礼物,而且她很喜欢”可知,前后分句之间是并列关系,故在she前加and。
    (2)【误】Everyne in the twn knew him, we had n truble finding his huse.
    【正】Everyne in the twn knew him, s we had n truble finding his huse.
    [分析] 分析句式可知,两个分句之间缺少连词,结合句意“镇上谁都认识他,因此我们毫不费力就找到了他的家”可知,前后分句之间是因果关系,故在we前加s。
    (3)【误】Cme a little earlier next time, and yu'll miss the best part f the TV play.
    【正】Cme a little earlier next time, r/therwise yu'll miss the best part f the TV play.
    [分析] 此句是“祈使句+r/therwise+陈述句”句型。
    [注意] 导致以上错误的原因主要在于两方面:①用逗号连接两个简单句;②不清楚句意或句式区别造成连词误用。要记住,逗号前后不能为两句话,要么其中一个是从句,要么有连词连接,这才符合语法规则。另外,还应注意避免机械地排列简单句,这也是书面表达中不能取得高分的原因之一,如:
    I believe I am fit fr it. I'm writing t apply fr the psitin.
    如果我们把这两个意义相关的句子用适当的连词连接起来,可得到下面的句子:
    I believe I am fit fr it, s I'm writing t apply fr the psitin.
    比较一下,同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢?并列连词的使用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感,使句子之间显得更加紧凑。
    高考模拟试题
    单项选择
    1.(23-24广东深圳·一模)Nt nly ________my skills f cmmunicatin but als ________me t knw mre abut ur traditinal culture.
    A.the activity trained; it allwedB.did the activity train; did it allw
    C.did the activity train; it allwedD.the activity trained; did it allw
    2.(2024·山东济南·二模)— A subway will be built in ur hmetwn befre 2022.
    — ______! Will it pass my huse?
    A.What an excited newsB.What exciting news
    C.Hw an excited newsD.Hw exciting news
    3.(2024·山东烟台·二模)Jhn, read the text fr us, ______?
    A.des heB.will heC.d yuD.will yu
    4.(2024·山东·临沂三模)______ plite t thers, and yu will find it easy t get n well with them.
    A.BeingB.DingC.BeD.D
    5.(2024·山东日照·三模)—Can yu tell me ______ he will cme back?
    —In tw weeks.
    A.hw lngB.hw farC.hw snD.hw much
    6.(2024·山东济南·二模)It’s fine tday. Let’s g a walk, ______?
    A.d yuB.let weC.shall weD.des it
    7.(2024·山东济南·二模)-- ______?
    --Yes, a bit cld, thugh.
    A.Freezing, isn't itB.Nice day, isn't it
    C.Bad weather, dn't yu thinkD.Cld weather, isn't it
    8.(2024·山东青岛·一模)__________advice the teacher gave us!
    A.WhatB.What aC.What anD.Hw
    9.(2024·山东·一模)Adams never has breakfast, __________ he?
    A.desB.desn’tC.hasD.hasn’t
    10.(2024·山烟台·一模)Wrk hard, __________yu will have a bright future.
    A.andB.rC.sinceD.but
    11.(2024·北京·高考真题)In any unsafe situatin, simply ________ the buttn and a highly-trained agent will get yu the help yu need.
    A.pressB.t press
    C.pressingD.pressed
    二、翻译
    12.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)穿着睡衣去超市不太合适,不是吗? (It)

    13.(2024·上海嘉定·二模)我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”,还有可能撤回吗?(there be)

    14.(2024·上海杨浦·二模)冷静,别让焦虑影响你的表现。(r)

    主谓一致(讲义)
    主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致,句子的主语是第三人称单数,其谓语动词须用第三人称单数,主语是复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
    主谓一致的三条原则
    英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾,但当发生冲突时,意义一致原则优先考虑。
    1.语法一致原则
    主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取第三人称单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。
    Black is a well-knwn scientist n AIDS.布莱克先生是著名艾滋科学家。
    These bks are intended fr children under nine years ld.
    这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。
    2.意义一致原则
    所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。
    mnths has passed since yu left.
    你已离开三个月了。(three mnths表示单数概念。)
    The prfessr and writer is invited t many universities t deliver lectures.
    这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。(教授与作家是同一个人,是单数。)
    The ld are very well taken care f in ur city.
    老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。(the ld指所有的老年人,为复数概念。)
    3.邻近一致原则
    邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
    his parents nr he himself is a bank clerk.
    他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。)
    Nt Jack but his parents are t blame fr the hme accident.
    不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。
    (根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。)
    主谓一致的各种情形
    1.并列结构作主语
    并列结构作主语主要指主语是由并列的名词或名词短语构成,此时主要有如下几种情况。
    (1)and及bth…and…类
    一般来说,两个单数主语用and连接,表示两个不同的人或物时,动词用复数;但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念,则动词须用单数。
    teacher and her friend are in the sitting-rm.她的老师和她的朋友都在客厅里。
    A smile and handshake shw welcme.微笑和握手表示欢迎。
    Bread and butter is healthful fd.涂有黄油的面包是一种有益于健康的食物。
    The pet and writer has prduced many wrks.这个诗人兼作家写出了很多作品。
    Truth and hnesty is the best plicy.真诚为上策。
    Bth Lily and Henry are my gd friends.莉莉和亨利都是我的好朋友。
    Bth my sister and I are interested in listening t music.我和我妹妹都喜欢听音乐。
    特别提示
    and所连接的表示同一概念的短语有:
    a hrse and cart 马车 a knife and frk 刀叉
    a cup and saucer 茶盘 a watch and chain 手表
    bread and butter 涂有黄油的面包
    the pet and the writer则表示“诗人和画家”两个人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;而the pet and writer则表示“诗人兼作家”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
    (2)each…and each…及every…and every…类
    every…and every…,each…and each…或n…and n…作主语时,动词用单数。
    man and (every) wman has a gd reasn t be prud f the wrk dne by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所做的工作感到骄傲。
    Each by and each girl has been invited t the tea-party.
    每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加茶话会了。
    (3)nt…but…,nt nly…but als,r,either…r…,neither…nr...类
    在由nt…but…,nt nly…but (als),r,either…r,neither…nr等连接的并列主语中,谓语动词的人称和数应该和邻近它的主语相一致。
    r yu are t blame.应该怪汤姆或你。
    Was he r yu able t persuade her?是你还是他劝服了她?
    Nt yu but I am t blame fr the mistake.不是你而是我该为此错误而受到责备。
    Nt nly I but als my parents are fnd f traveling arund.不仅我而且我父母也喜欢到处旅游。
    Neither yu nr I am fit fr the wrk.你和我都不适合这个工作。
    Are neither yu nr I fit fr the wrk?你和我都不适合这个工作吗?
    2.不定代词作主语
    (1)不定代词either,neither,each,ne,the ther,anther,smene,smebdy,smething,anyne,anybdy,anything,everyne,everybdy,everything,nbdy,n ne,nthing等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
    has parked the car in the way.有人把车停在了路上,挡住了去路。
    N ne is actually able t cmplete the wrk in such a shrt time.
    没人能够在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。
    特别提示:
    nne作主语时如果指人或可数的物,表数目,谓语动词用单复数形式皆可;如果指不可数名词,表量,谓语动词用单数。
    f the students have made mistakes this time.这次没有一个学生犯错误。
    Nne f us is/are interested in yur new subject.我们中没人对你的新课题感兴趣。
    Jimmy has used up all the mney. Nne is left.吉米把所有的钱都用光了,一点没留。
    (2)neither/either f…作主语
    “neither/either f+复数名词或复数形式的代词”作主语,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。
    f the tw stries is/are interesting.这两个故事都很有趣。
    Neither f us has/have received pstcards this Christmas.今年圣诞节我们两人谁也没收到贺卡。
    Either f the children is/are eager t g hme.两个孩子都想回家。
    I dn’t think either f them has/have married.我想他们两个都没结婚。
    Neither f the tpics has/have been discussed s far.到目前为止这两个话题都没有被讨论过。
    (3)the ther tw (…)等短语作主语
    the ther+基数词(+复数名词),anther+基数词(+复数名词),bth等作主语谓语动词用复数。
    e.g.I keep nly ne apple fr myself, and the ther tw are yurs.
    我只给自己留了一个苹果,另外两个给你。
    Five peple came t help, but anther three were still needed.
    已经有五个人来帮忙了,但我们还需要三个。
    I’m very delighted that bth are what we need.我们很高兴两个都是我们所需要的。
    (4)all作主语:all作主语,指人时谓语动词用复数,指物时常用单数。
    are present besides the prfessr.所有的人都出席,包括那位教授。
    All is ging n very well.一切顺利。
    (5)each修饰的名词作主语:由each修饰的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;each位于复数主语后或句尾作同位语,谓语动词仍与主语一致。
    student has a walkman which helps them imprve their listening.
    每个学生都有一个随身听,这对提高他们的听力大有帮助。
    Each f the class has been given a gift.班里的每一个学生都得到了一份礼物。
    They each have wn a prize.他们每人都得了奖。
    (6)such作主语:such作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定。
    is Stephen Hawking,wh has suffered a great deal but achieved s much.
    这就是史蒂芬·霍金,遭受着巨大的痛苦而作出伟大成就的人。
    Such are the difficulties that we are nw faced with.这就是我们现在所面临的困难。
    Such as have plenty f mney want mre mney.那些有许多钱的人还想要更多的钱。
    3.形容词的名词化作主语
    有些形容词加上the(如the ld,the blind,the living,the dead,the rich,the pr,the yung,the deaf(等),用来表示一类人时,其意义为复数,谓语动词需用复数形式。表示一类物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数。
    ld are taken gd care f in ur cuntry.在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
    The pr are part f the peple we help.穷人是我们救助的一部分。
    The injured have been sent t the hspital.受伤人员已被送往医院。
    The new is sure t replace the ld.新生事物一定会替代旧事物的。
    The beautiful ges with the true and the gd.美总是和真、善相伴而生。
    4.复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语
    (1)以-ics结尾的学科名称的名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
    is the science f numbers.数学是数字的科学。
    Plitics is ften a tpic fr discussin amng us.政治是我们常常讨论的话题。
    Physics is ne f the hardest subjects fr a middle schl student.
    物理是中学生感到最难的科目之一。
    注意:以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时,若改变词义表示学科能力时,则用复数形式。
    mathematics are weak.她的数学很差。
    (2)形式上是复数形式的专有名词作主语
    专有名词如国名、人名、书名、组织机构等作主语,形式上虽然是复数,但谓语动词还是要用单数。
    United Natins was funded in 1945.联合固是1945年建立的。
    The United States is in Nrth America.美国位于北美洲。
    The New Yrk Times has a wide circulatin.《纽约时报》有很广的销路。
    (3)以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等名词作主语,谓语动词常用复数形式。
    Straits f Gibraltar haven’t lst their strategical imprtance.
    直布罗陀海峡尚未丧失其战略上的重要地位。
    The Himalayas extend alng the brder f India and China.
    喜马拉雅山脉沿着中印边境一直延伸。
    (4)表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语,通常看作整体,谓语用单数。
    hurs is a lng time t take ver a cffee.用两个小时喝杯咖啡的时间足够长了。
    Ten punds was missing frm the till.钱柜里的钱丢了10镑。
    Six hundred miles is a lng distance.六百英里是一段很长的距离。
    5.集体名词作主语
    (1)谓语动词只能用复数的情况:有些集体名词,如peple,cattle,plice等形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词需用复数。
    plice are always very busy, especially at busy streets.
    交通警察总是十分忙碌,特别是在繁忙的街道。
    Peple read fr pleasure during their spare time.人们在业余时间读书自娱。
    (2)谓语动词单复数皆可的情况
    集体名词,如audience(观众),army(军队),class(班级),crew(船员),cmpany(公司),crwd(人群),enemy(敌人),family(家庭),grup(团,组),gvernment(政府),public(公众),ppulatin(人口),team(队员)等作主语时,若视为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;若着眼于组成该集体的每个成员时,谓语动词则用复数。
    family was pr and he used t sit in the family garage and draw pictures.
    他家很穷,他常常坐在他家的车库里画画。
    My family are ging n a trip this summer.我们全家今年夏天要出外旅行。
    The ppulatin in China is very large and 80% f the ppulatin live in rural areas.
    中国人口很多,其中80%的人口在农村。
    (3)表示国家、人民的名词作主语的情况
    有些以-sh,-ese,-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义,谓语动词用复数。
    English like t be with their families at Christmas.英国人喜欢在圣诞节与家人团聚。
    The Chinese are a hard-wrking peple.中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。
    The French are fnd f champagne.法国人喜欢香槟酒。
    6.含有修饰语的名词作主语
    (1)含有量词的名词作主语
    ①量词修饰由两个对应部分组成的名词
    一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词,如trusers(裤子),pants(短裤),glasses(眼镜),scissrs(剪刀)等作主语,前面若无a pair f,a suit f,a set f,a series f等这类的单位词,通常视为复数,谓语动词用复数。若带有单位词,则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
    blue trusers have wrn ut.我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。
    This pair f glasses is very expensive.这幅眼镜很贵。
    The tw pairs f scissrs are Hangzhu-made.这两把剪刀都是杭州制造的。
    Tw pieces f gd news have been published n tday’s evening paper.
    今天的晚报报道了两条好消息。
    ②特殊量词修饰普通名词
    含有像pile(堆),muntain(山),rw(排),mass(很多),cup(杯),basket(篮),bx(箱),pack(包),packet(小包)等词修饰的短语作主语,谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。
    f rubbish have nt nly blcked the way, but plluted the air as well.
    成堆的垃圾不仅阻塞了道路,而且污染了环境。
    A rw f willws is lined n ne side f the river.河的一岸长着一排柳树。
    Masses f wrk are t be dne t welcme the new year.为了迎接新年,我们还有很多活要干。
    A packet f letters needs mailing.一包信需要寄出。
    ③ a grup f和a cuple f修饰复数名词,谓语动词用复数。
    e.g.A grup f bys and girls are dancing t welcme Children’s Day.
    一群儿童在跳舞迎接儿童节。
    A cuple f days have passed since we parted.我们分手已经有几天了。
    ④ a number f,the number f短语修饰名词作主语
    a number f意为“许多”,修饰可数名词复数时谓语一般也用复数;the number f意思为“……的数目”,作主语时,谓语用单数。
    e.g.A number f the ther plants were fund in America.在美洲还发现了许多别的作物。
    The number f peple wh travel by plane in China is larger than ever befre.
    在中国乘飞机旅行的人数比以往多了。
    ⑤ several等词或其修饰的名词作主语
    只修饰可数名词的量词several,a few,quite a few,a great many (f…)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语,谓语动词都用复数形式。
    few regard their wrk as a pleasure.通常很少有人把工作当成一种乐趣。
    We’ve gathered varieties f bks and a great many are t be sent t primary schls in the west f China.我们已经募捐了很多书,很多即将送到西部的小学。
    Several f us are determined t remain in the city after graduatin.
    我们中有一些人决定在毕业后留在城市。
    ⑥ sme等词或其修饰的名词作主语
    sme,plenty f,a lt(f),lts(f)等词既可修饰或指代可数名词,又可修饰或指代不可数名词,其谓语的形式应根据所修饰词而定。
    e.g.A lt f students are cming t the meeting.很多学生要来参加这次会议。
    A lt f wrk is t be dne t prepare fr the cnference.为了准备会议,还有很多工作要做。
    特别提示:
    a quantity (f), (large) quantities (f)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语,其谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数形式而定。
    f mney are needed t equip the schl.学校安装设备需要很多钱。
    A quantity f stry bks has been bught fr the children.为儿童买了大量的故事书。
    ⑦ a great/gd deal (f),a little,quite a little,a large amunt (f)等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语或其修饰的名词作主语,其谓语动词只用单数形式。
    e.g.A great deal f time was wasted playing but ught t have been fully used.
    很多时间在玩耍中浪费掉了,但应该好好利用的。
    A large amunt f medicine is needed in the stricken area.灾区需要大量的药品。
    ⑧ mre(…) than ne修饰的名词作主语
    “mre than ne+单数名词”尽管意义上是复数,但因中心词是单数形式,谓语动词也须用单数。在“mre+复数名词+than ne”结构之后,谓语动词常用复数。
    than ne persn was injured in the accident.不止一人在这次事故中受伤。
    Mre than ne way has been tried t stp nise pllutin.已经试过了很多方法来制止噪音污染。
    Mre members than ne are against the prpsal.反对这项提议的会员不止一个。
    注意:
    mre than ne hundred指复数或修饰可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
    than ne hundred children have jined this year’s summer camp.
    100多个孩子参加了今年的夏令营。
    ⑨ many a修饰的名词作主语
    “many a+单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上是复数,但因中心词是单数形式,谓语动词也须用单数。
    a scientist has been trying t research int the SARS bacterin.
    许多科学家正在研究非典疫苗。
    ⑩ ne r tw,a… r tw修饰的名词作主语
    ne r tw后接复数名词,谓语要用复数,但在“a/an+单数名词+r tw”结构之后,谓语却常用单数。
    r tw days are enugh fr this wrk.
    A day r tw is enugh fr this wrk.干这活一两天就够了。
    the rest (f…)等作主语
    the rest (f…),the remaining,part (f…),ne half (f…)等词或短语或它们所修饰的名词或代词作主语,其谓语动词应根据所表达的意义而定。
    peple present at the meeting were frm the US, many frm the UK and the rest were frm China.出席这次会议的很多人来自美国,很多来自英国,其他的来自中国。
    The first part f the vacatin was frustrating, but the rest f it was exciting.
    假期的前半部分非常令人失望,但剩下的部分非常令人兴奋。
    The first part f the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.
    讲座的前半部分很生动,剩下的部分却非常枯燥。
    Part f his stry was nt true.他讲的故事有一部分不是真的。
    Part f the freign teachers in ur schl are frm Canada.
    我们学校的部分外籍教师来自加拿大。
    百分数、分数及其他比例词或其修饰的名词作主语
    1)“分数/百分数+f+名词”结构作主语:当“分数/百分数+f+名词”结构作主语时,一般应根据f后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
    % f the land is nw suitable t grw plants.百分之五十的土地现在适合种庄稼。
    20% f the peple in the city bject t the price fr running water ging up.
    这个城市中百分之二十的人反对自来水价格上调。
    This is because tw thirds f the earth's surface is made up f vast ceans.
    这是因为地球表面的2/3是由广阔的海洋构成的。
    Tw thirds f these tasks have been cmpleted.这些任务已完成了三分之二。
    2)“ne and a half+复数可数名词”作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。
    and a half days is all I can spare.我只能抽出一天半的时间。
    One and a half apples is a gd meal fr the child.一个半苹果对这个小孩来说是一顿美餐。
    3)“ne in+基数词…”作主语:一般情况下,“ne in+基数词”或其修饰的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
    is reprted that in this area ne in fur peple suffers frm lung cancer.
    据报道此地区有四分之一的人患有肺癌。
    7.非谓语形式、从句作主语
    (1)非谓语形式作主语
    ①单独的不定式、动词的-ing形式作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
    prevent the air frm being plluted is what we’re nw researching.
    阻止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。
    Persuading him t jin us seems really hard.劝他加入我们似乎很难。
    ②由连接词连接的多个非谓语动词作主语
    如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数。
    g t bed early and t rise early is a gd habit.早睡早起是好习惯。
    T wrk and t live are tw different things but they are always tgether.
    工作和生活是两件不同的事情,但它们永远相伴。
    (2)从句作主语
    that,what,wh,which,when,where,why,whatever,whever,whichever,whenever,wherever等引导的从句作主语或单独引导疑问句时,应根据概念一致原则决定谓语动词的数。
    Jack has gne abrad makes us all surprised.杰克出国去了使我们都很惊讶。
    Wh is Abraham Lincln?亚伯拉罕·林肯是谁?
    Wh are talking with each ther?谁正在谈话?
    What he says and acts des nt cncern me.
    他的言行与我无关。(这里的says and acts笼统指人的行为。)
    What he says and acts d nt agree.他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事不一致。)
    Whichever is yurs?究竟哪一个是你的?
    Which are yurs?哪一些是你的?
    8.算式中的主谓一致
    (1)两数相加、相乘:此时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。
    and five is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal t/are equal t twenty.
    15加5等于20。
    Five times six is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal t/are equal t thirty.5乘以6等于30。
    (2)两数相减、相除:此时谓语动词用单数。
    minus 5 is/leaves/makes/is equal t 10. 15减去5等于10。
    Fifteen divided by 5 is/makes/equals/is equal t 3.15除以5等于3。
    9.There/Here引起主语的主谓一致
    句子是由there,here引起且主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
    is a lake and sme hills arund it.那里被一个湖泊和几座小山环绕着。
    There are several grammar mistakes in yur cmpsitin.你的作文中出现了几个语法错误。
    Here ges the sng again.又唱起了这首歌。
    主谓一致易错点分析
    分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点
    【分析】
    表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,在分母后加-s。(易错点:1/2不能用a secnd, 应用a/ne half)
    分数、百分数+f+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由f后面的名词而决定。
    年龄、世纪年代易混易错点
    【分析】
    表示“某人多大年龄”用“at the age f+基数词”或“基数词+years ld”或“基数词+years f age”
    表示“某人几十多岁时”,用in ne’s+整十基数词的复数(如in his thirties)
    表示“世纪年代时”,用in the +世纪年代s /世纪年代’s(in the 1980s/1980’s)
    “一些;许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点
    【规律总结】
    分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点
    The factry used 70 percent f the raw materials, the rest f which ______ (be) saved fr ther purpses.
    易错分析:对先行词的指代及句子结构划分易出错,数词及相关修饰词作主语时主谓一致原则应牢记。
    Water shrtage is ne f the greatest crises facing us tday, with tw ______ (three) f the glbal ppulatin living in areas where water is scarce fr a mnth r mre every year.
    易错分析:分数表达法掌握不牢。分子大于一时,分母使用序数词复数形式。
    Tw thirds f the regin _______ (have) been defrested in the past decade.
    易错分析:分数加名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。
    年龄、世纪年代易混易错点
    The majrity f the inhabitants left fr the mainland in the early _______(1990).
    易错分析:本题需牢记世家年代的表达法,易和名词复数所有格混淆,误写为1990s’,
    Funnily enugh I can remember what I had fr lunch ________ July 5th,2012, but I’ve frgtten what I had fr breakfast tday.
    易错分析:在具体的某一天前面使用介词n, 易混淆在几点的at, 或在某年的in。
    “一些;许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点
    On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, rughly 200 academics — many f the climate scientists ________ (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
    易错分析:对数词的考查常常兼顾对时态和语态的考查,应当综合考虑整体语境。
    My parents frequently traveled fr wrk, smetimes as far as Hainan Prvince when I was a child, and they used t return hme every few ______ (mnth).
    易错分析:本题根据few可知后面应当使用名词复数,但mnth变复数形式易混淆以s,x,sh,ch结尾加-es中的sh和ch。此处应当直接加-e。
    A large quantity f students live in the shabby drmitry, while large amunts f mney have been spent n the headmaster’s new car.
    高考模拟试题
    一、单项选择
    1.(2024·山东烟台·三模)—A number f students ______ n the bus.
    —Let me cunt. The number f them ______ 60.
    A.are; areB.is; areC.are; isD.is; is
    2.(2024·山东济南·二模)— ______f the wrld’s quality paper ______frm this regin.
    —Ww, that’s great!
    A.Ninety percent; cmesB.Ninety percents; cmes
    C.Ninety percents; cmeD.Ninety percent; cme
    3.(2024·天津南开·二模)Shi Yuqi, as well as his badmintn team members, ______ a gld medal at the Thmas Cup Awarding Ceremny n May 5th.
    A.is awardedB.are awardedC.was awardedD.were awarded
    4.(2024·天津河西·三模)One third f the neighbrhd ______ cvered with trees and the majrity f the residents ______ freigners.
    A.is; is B.are; are C.is; are D.are; is
    5.(2024·山东泰安·一模)________ f the students in ur class ________ ging t summer camp in Beijing.
    A.Tw third; isB.Tw thirds; isC.Tw third; areD.Tw thirds; are
    6.(2024·天津·一模)Linda as well as her tw clse friends int universities in Beijing last year.
    A.was admittedB.were admitted
    C.has been admittedD.had been admitted
    7.(23-24高二上·广东深圳·二模)The issue ________ at this mment yesterday by the cmpany’s managers.
    A.was being discussedB.is being discussed
    C.had discussedD.was discussing
    8.(23-24·天津河西·一模)The villagers hpe that the wrld knws mre abut their traditinal art that _________ fr hundreds f years thrugh the TV prgram.
    A.preservedB.has been preserved
    C.will be preservedD.was preserved
    9.(2024江苏·高考真题)The publicatin f Great Expectatins, which ________ bth widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading nvelist.
    A.is B.are C.wasD.were
    10.(2014·湖南·高考真题)(2014·湖南)All we need _________ a small piece f land where we can plant varius kinds f fruit trees thrughut the grwing seasns f the year.
    A.are B.was C.isD.were
    11.(2014·吉林·一模)—Lydia, what did ur head-teacher say just nw?
    —Every by and every girl as well as the teachers wh _____ t lead the grup _____ asked t be at the
    schl gate befre 6:30 in the mrning.
    A.is; isB.are; areC.are; isD.is; are
    二、翻译
    12.(2024·上海闵行·二模)这种新产品防水耐高温,卖得很好。(resistant)

    water and heat, and sells well.
    13.(2024·上海·二模)一般说来,交通繁忙的十字路口可能会发生交通事故。(happen)

    【答案】Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely t happen at a crssrads where traffic is heavy.
    14.(2024上海·一模)直播可以让主持人实时回答网络观众的提问,这将提高购物体验,吸引更多的网民在线购物。(allw)

    15.(2024·上海闵行·二模)短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么?(accunt)
    时间
    形态
    现在
    过去
    将来
    过去将来
    一般
    ask / asks
    asked
    will ask
    wuld ask
    进行
    am/is/are asking
    was/were asking
    will be asking
    完成
    have/has asked
    had asked
    will have asked
    完成
    进行
    have/has been asking
    be(时态、人称、数的变化形式)+物动词的过去分词
    时间
    形态
    一般
    进行
    完成
    完成进行
    现在
    am/is/are dne
    am/is/are being dne
    has/ have been dne
    have/has been being dne
    过去
    was/were dne
    was/were being dne
    had been dne
    将来
    shall/will be dne
    shall/will have been dne
    过去将来
    shuld/wuld be dne
    含有情态动词
    must be / have been dne
    只修饰可数名词
    a few, quit a few, many, a gd many, a large number f, hundreds f, thusands f, millins f, dzens f, scres f作主语时,谓语动词用复数
    只修饰不可数名词
    a little, quite a little, much, a great f, a large amunt f
    作主语时,谓语动词用单数
    即修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词
    a lt f, lts f, plenty f, sme, the rest f作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由名词来决定
    a large quantity f...作主语时,谓语动词用单数
    large quantities f...作主语时,谓语动词用复数

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