2022年高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题-强化训练

这是一份2022年高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题-强化训练，共6页。试卷主要包含了主旨大意题的设题方式，解题策略——如何寻找主题句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1．主旨大意题的设题方式
(1)What is the passage mainly abut?
(2)What is the main prblem being discussed in the passage?
(3)What is the main idea f this passage?
(4)The passage is mainly abut________.
(5)Which f the fllwing may be the best title fr the passage?
(6)The main idea f the passage is________.
(7)Which f the fllwing statements best summarizes the authr’s main pint?
(8)This paragraph centers/fcuses n________.
(9)This passage is chiefly cncerned with________.
(10)The authr’s purpse in writing this passage is________.
(11)What is the best title fr the passage?
2．解题策略——如何寻找主题句
(1)读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头,抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心,因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
(2)读尾句抓大意。有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾,作为全篇的总结。
(3)读首尾抓大意。有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句,这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的两次点题的写作方法。通常前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面点题是进一步的总结,是引申,是发展。
(4)从段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句居中,这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现以后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
(5)归纳分析抓大意。有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,但字里行间无不体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。
1
A cuple f years ag,befre a trip t China,Nicle Davis and her US wmen’s vlleyball teammates were warned abut the prminence (显著、突出) f cach “Jenny” Lang Ping in her native cuntry.
“I was pushed ver by Chinese jurnalists while I was just trying t put my luggage n the bus,”said Davis.
Knwn as the “Irn Hammer” fr her punishing spikes(扣球),Lang made it pssible fr China t dminate in the sprt in the early 1980s.She was a key player n China’s 1984 Olympic gld medal winning team.
When the US team arrived fr the Olympics,Lang,48,wh is frm Beijing,had t take a different rute t avid a crwd f reprters and fans.
Then came the greatest mment t Lang：While the US team was playing in a packed gym,at least 8,000 Chinese fans unfurled an American flag.
“That really says it all,” Davis said.“They lk at her as an icn(偶像)．I’m sure it’s hard fr them t see her caching anther cuntry,but they lve her s dearly that her success is their success.”
The lyalty f the Chinese fans was tested n Friday,when China lst a match t the US.
“It’s a pity that China lst the match,but I’m still glad that Lang Ping’s team wn,since she is the pride f China’s vlleyball,” said Liu Chengli,a spectatr.“We als cheered fr
Lang’s victry.”
Lang said she just tried t stay prfessinal when the tw teams meet.“It desn’t matter if we play China r any ther team.It’s the same.” Lang said.
Davis said she and her teammates culd nt have imagined the passin fr vlleyball amng Chinese because the sprt was lack f ppularity in the US. The receptin frm Chinese fans has tuched the US players,said US vlleyball player Lindsey Berg.
“It’s such an hnr t be here and play fr ur cach here in China,”she said.“The amunt f supprt that the Chinese give t her and us has been tremendus.The whle event has been unbelievable.”
1．What’s the passage mainly abut?
A．Staying prfessinal.
B．Cheering fr the Irn Hammer.
C．A match between China and the US.
D．Lang Ping’s career as a cach.
答案 B
解析 本篇文章无明显的主题句,但字里行间都在讲述我国著名排球运动员,现美国女
排主教练郎平带队到中国参加奥运会并受到了人们的热烈欢迎,故应选B；而D项意
为“郎平的教练生涯”,显然不合题意。但多数学生误选此项,是由于只注意到了局部
信息,犯了以偏赅全的错误,而没有真正理解文章主旨。
2．Lang Ping avided meeting the reprters and fans prbably because she ________.
A．was afraid t be questined abut her strategy
B．didn’t want t be paid much attentin t
C．disliked t be with her fans
D．didn’t want t disturb public rder
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。从文章第四段的内容可以推断出朗平希望不要太被关注。
3．What des the underlined wrd “unfurled” exactly mean?
A．destryed cmpletely
B．tre int pieces
C．spread ut t the wind
D．rlled up
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。由文章第五段和第六段可以知道,这里的中国球迷应该是“打开、
展开”了一面美国国旗,所以选C项。
4．What des Lang Ping mean by saying “It desn’t matter if we play China r any ther team.”？
A．American Vlleyball Team will beat any team.
B．Chinese Vlleyball Team is the same as ther teams.
C．She just tried t stay prfessinal.
D．The results f each match will be the same.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。从文章内容可以知道,朗平认为不论是对阵中国队还是其他队,对
她来说,这仅仅是一场比赛而已。由此推断选C项。
5．What impressed the US team players mst?
A．The tlerance f Chinese peple.
B．The ppularity f vlleyball in China.
C．Lang Ping’s caching skills.
D．The lyalty fr vlleyball f the Chinese.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段的内容可以知道,排球在中国非常受欢迎,所以
选B项。
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(2009·北京,E)
Camping wild is a wnderful way t experience the natural wrld and,at its best,it makes little envirnmental influence.But with increasing numbers f peple wanting t escape int the wilderness,it is becming mre and mre imprtant t camp unbtrusively(不引人注目地) and leave n mark.
Wild camping is nt permitted in many places,particularly in crwded lwland Britain.
Wherever yu are,find ut abut rganizatins respnsible fr managing wild spaces,and cntact them t find ut their plicy n camping and shelter building.Fr example,it is fine t camp wild in remte parts f Sctland,but in England yu must ask the land­wner’s permissin,except in natinal parks.
Camping is abut having relaxatin,sleeping utdrs,experiencing bad weather,and making d withut mdern cnveniences.A busy,fully­equipped campsite(野营地) seems t g against this,s seek ut smaller,mre remte places with easy access t pen spaces and perhaps beaches.Better still,find a campsite with n rad access：walking in makes a real adventure.
Finding the right spt t camp is the first step t guaranteeing a gd night’s sleep.Chse a campsite with privacy and minimum influence n thers and the envirnment.Try t use an area where peple have bviusly camped befre rather than creating a new spt.When camping in wdland,avid standing dead trees,which may fall n a windy night.Avid animal runs and caves,and pssible hmes f biting insects.Make sure yu have mst prtectin n the windward side.If yu make a fire,d s dwnwind f yur shelter.Always cnsider what influence yu might have n the natural wrld.Avid damaging plants.A gd campsite is fund,nt made—changing it shuld be unnecessary.
1．Yu needn’t ask fr permissin when camping in ________.
A．natinal parks in England
B．mst parts f Sctland
C．crwded lwland Britain
D．mst parts f England
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句中“ in natinal parks.”可知。
2．The authr thinks that a gd campsite is ne ________.
A．with easy access
B．used previusly
C．with mdern cnveniences
D．far away frm beaches
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由最后一段第三句“Try t use an area where peple have bviusly
camped befre rather than creating a new spt.”可知B项正确。
3．The last paragraph mainly deals with ________.
A．prtecting animals
B．building a campfire
C．camping in wdland
D．finding a campsite with privacy
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。最后一段主要讲述了在林地宿营的相关事宜。
4．The passage is mainly abut ________.
A．the prtectin f campsites
B．the imprtance f wild camping
C．the human influence n campsites
D．the ds and dn’ts f wild camping
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。全文讲述了野外宿营时应该做和不能做的相关事情。
3
Kids will ften ignre yur requests fr them t shut ff the TV,start their chres(杂事),r d their hmewrk as a way t avid fllwing yur directins.Befre yu knw it,yu’ve started t sund like a brken recrd as yu repeatedly ask them t d their assignments,clean their rm,r take ut the trash.Rather than saying “D yur chres nw.” yu’ll be mre effective if yu set a target time fr when the chres have t be cmpleted.S instead f arguing abut starting chres,just say,“If chres aren’t dne by 4 pm,here are the cnsequences.”Then it’s up t yur child t cmplete the chres.Put the ball back in their curt.Dn’t argue r fight with them,just say,“That’s the way it’s ging t be.”It shuldn’t be punitive(惩罚性的)as much as it shuld be persuasive.“If yur chres aren’t dne by 4 pm,then n vide game time until chres are dne.And if finishing thse chres runs int hmewrk time,that’s ging t be yur lss.”On the ther hand,when dealing with hmewrk,keep it very simple.Have a time when hmewrk starts,and at that time,all electrnics g ff and d nt g back n until yu see that their hmewrk is dne.If yur kids say they have n hmewrk,then they shuld use that time t study r read.Either way,there shuld be a time set aside when the electrnics are ff.
When a kid wears his iPd r headphnes when yu’re trying t talk t him,make n bnes abut it；he is nt ignring yu,he is disrespecting yu.At that pint,,mutual respect becmes mre imprtant as children mature.
1．Accrding t the passage,it seldm happens that ________.
A．kids turn a deaf ear t their parents’ requests
B．parents’ directins sund like a brken recrd
C．children are ready t fllw their parents’ directins
D．parents are unaware f what they are repeating t their kids
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。注意题干中seldm表否定。从文章开头两句可知孩子们通常不理
会父母的要求。
2．Parents will be able t deal with their children mre effectively if they ________.
A．avid direct ways f punishment
B．make them d things at their request
C．argue and fight with their children
D．allw their children t behave in their wn way
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。从第一段中间部分可知,作者认为“不与孩子发生正面冲突会取得
更好的教育效果”。
3．When the kid is ding his hmewrk,parents ________.
A．shuld prvide him with a gd learning envirnment
B．can d whatever they like
C．can stay aside watching TV
D．must switch ff the pwer
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。从第一段可知“在孩子做作业时,家长要关掉所有的电器给孩子创
造一个良好的学习环境”。D项“关掉电源”与文章不符。
4．It can be inferred frm the passage that ________.
A．parents shuld take ff his headphnes when trying t have a talk with their child
B．it will make n difference that a kid is wearing his earplugs while talking t his parents
C．parents shuldn’t give in t their kid when he shws n sign f respect
D．kids’ purpsely talking t their parents with iPd gives them a sense f pwer and
cntrl
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。从第二段前两句可判断选项C正确。
5．The main idea f the passage is ________.
A．that respecting each ther is mre imprtant than anything else
B．hw kids behave t ignre and disrespect their parents
C．that children shuld make chices and decisins n their wn
D．hw parents can deal with their kids’ behavir effectively
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。本文旨在帮助父母有效应对孩子不听话的问题。