【高考英语】七选五备考攻略-学案

这是一份【高考英语】七选五备考攻略-学案，共17页。学案主要包含了通读全文，理解大意，浏览选项，初选答案，详细阅读，确定答案，对比分析，排除干扰等内容，欢迎下载使用。
解题指导
高考题型七选五主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
七选五所选材料通常是我们所熟悉的话题，多为说明文，也有记叙文和议论文等其他文体。
为了帮助考生了解这种题型的特点、掌握快速有效的答题方法，我们总结了七选五的解题步骤，以供大家参考。
一、通读全文，理解大意
快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，掌握文章结构及主要内容。“开门见山”与“结尾总结”是最常见的写作方式，因此，在阅读过程中，要特别注意文章的首尾两段，这样可以快速把握文章的主题。
二、浏览选项，初选答案
在浏览完全文，对全文的大意有所了解后，我们应该顺次浏览一下所有的选项。在浏览的过程中，要特别注意选项中出现的与原文相同或者相似的词语，如果遇到这种情况，可以试着把选项代入原文，看看是否符合上下文逻辑。
三、详细阅读，确定答案
仔细阅读文章正文部分并找出各个段落的关键词，为解题做好铺垫，然后再明确各选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
一般来说，文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复使用某一词语或其近义词，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复，使用语篇标记语连接句子等。有时候我们在读文章时即使没有发现明显的衔接手段，也能感觉到字里行间千丝万缕的逻辑关联。因此我们在解题过程中，要特别注意以下几点：
1. 词汇复现。复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段。词汇复现通常有同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
2. 代词。在详读文章和选项的过程中，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，特别是选项中以及空格附近句子中出现的代词。根据代词的单复数和其在句子中所作的成分，我们可以找出代词指代的名词或者句子，从而帮助我们解题。
3. 语篇标记语。语篇是由句子构成的，但是如果一组意义相关的句子不通过一定的过渡词语或其他连句手段合乎逻辑地连接起来，那么这组句子就不能构成篇章。也就是说，起衔接作用的语篇标记语在语篇中的作用相当重要。语篇标记语有表示逻辑关系的thus, therefre, s等；表示结构层次的firstly, secndly, thirdly等；表示改变话题的by the way等；表示递进关系的besides, what’s mre等；表示时间关系的befre, s far, meanwhile等。在做七选五时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标记语，我们就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系。
四、对比分析，排除干扰
我们在选完答案后，还要注意对多余选项进行对比分析。由于多余选项可能会与某个正确选项的内容相近，所以我们要对其进行研究，确定排除理由，从而选出正确答案。
考例分析
全国卷I（记叙文）
If anyne had tld me three years ag that I wuld be spending mst f my weekends camping, I wuld have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were peple wh enjyed insect bites, ill-cked meals, and uncmfrtable sleeping bags. They had nthing in cmmn with me. 36
The friends wh intrduced me t camping thught that it meant t be a pineer. 37 We slept in a tent, cked ver an pen fire, and walked a lng distance t take the shwer and use the bathrm. This brief visit with Mther Nature cst me tw days ff frm wrk, recvering frm a bad case f sunburn and the dctr’s bill fr my sn’s fd pisning.
I was, nevertheless, talked int ging n anther fun-filled hliday in the wilderness.38 Instead, we had a pp-up camper with cmfrtable beds and an air cnditiner. My nature-lving friends had remembered t bring all the necessities f life.
39 We have dne a lt f it since. Recently, we bught a twenty-eight-ft travel trailer cmplete with a bathrm and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedrm, a mdern kitchen with a refrigeratr. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
40 It must be true that sner r later, everyne finds his r her way back t nature. I recmmend that yu find yur way in style.
A. This time there was n tent.
B. Things are ging t be imprved.
C. The trip they tk me n was a rugh ne.
D. I was t learn a lt abut camping since then, hwever.
E. I must say that I have certainly cme t enjy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was n shade as the trees were n mre than 3 feet tall.
【语篇解读】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者从不喜欢野营到喜欢上野营的过程。
【答案解析】
36. D。空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后下一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间是转折关系，故空格处需填一个承上启下的、表示转折的句子。D项符合语境，其中的hwever表示转折。
37. C。根据下文的描述“我们睡帐篷、自己烧火做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难。这与C项中的rugh相对应。
38. A。根据下文转折副词Instead后的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒适的床和空调”可知，这次的野营没有帐篷，故选A项。
39. F。根据空格后的代词We可判断所填句子中应含有复数名词，再结合空格后的句子“从那以后我们进行了很多次野营”可知应选F项（这次野营之后，我的家人对野营相当感兴趣了）。
40. E。作者在文中讲述了自己对野营态度的改变。本段是总结段。结合空格后的内容“每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式”可知E项（我喜欢上了野营）符合语境。
全国卷II（说明文）
Interruptins are ne f the wrst things t deal with while yu’re trying t get wrk dne. 36 , there are several ways t handle things. Let’s take a lk at them nw.
37 . Tell the persn yu’re srry and explain that yu have a millin things t d and then ask if the tw f yu can talk at a different time.
When peple try t interrupt yu, have set hurs planned and let them knw t cme back during that time r that yu’ll find them then. 38 . It can help t eliminate (消除) future interruptins.
When yu need t talk t smene, dn’t d it in yur wn ffice. 39 , it’s much easier t excuse yurself t get back t yur wrk than if yu try t get smene ut f yur space even after explaining hw busy yu are.
If yu have a dr t yur ffice, make gd use f it. 40 . If smene kncks and it’s nt an imprtant matter, excuse yurself and let the persn knw yu’re busy s they can get the hint (暗示) that when the dr is clsed, yu’re nt t be disturbed.
A. If yu’re busy, dn’t feel bad abut saying n
B. When yu want t avid interruptins at wrk
C. Set bundaries fr yurself as far as yur time ges
D. If yu’re in the ther persn’s ffice r in a public area
E. It’s imprtant that yu let them knw when yu’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind t cut peple shrt when they interrupt yu
G. Leave it pen when yu’re available t talk and clse it when yu’re nt
【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。文章主要就如何避免工作时被打扰提出了几点建议。
【答案解析】
36. B。文章开头便指出“工作时被打扰是一件糟糕的事情”，所以下文针对此问题提出了几点建议。B项与上下文衔接紧密。
37. A。根据空格后的“告诉对方你很抱歉、向对方解释你有很多事情要做、另约时间”可知，本段提出的建议是“忙的时候，不要不好意思拒绝”。saying n与yu’re srry对应。
38. E。根据空格后的It can help t eliminate future interruptins可知，E项符合语境，强调“让人们知道你什么时候有空非常重要”。
39. D。D项中的in the ther persn’s ffice与上句中的in yur wn ffice对应。
40. G。G项中的it指代上句中的a dr t yur ffice。本段主要是讲如何利用办公室的门来避免受到打扰。
实 战 演 练
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
01
I started wrking at Pizza Hut in December 1989, when I was a freshman in high schl. All new emplyees started by washing dishes and busing tables. If they prved their ability, they learned t make pizzas, cut and serve them n wden paddles and take rders.
1 I culdn’t keep up, and piles f dishes frmed n all sides f me. Every time the pile decreased, the call came back t help clear tables ut frnt, and I returned with mre dirty dishes.
My shift (轮班) was suppsed t end at 9 p.m., but when I asked t leave, the manager, Jeff, shk his head. “Nt until the wrk is dne,” he said. “Yu leave a clean statin. 2 Hwever, I wrked until after 10 that night.
I stayed n dish duty fr weeks. My heart sank every time I arrived at wrk and saw my name written next t “dishes” n the psitin chart. I spent my shifts behind thse steel sinks. I hated every minute I spent n dish duty. 3
One slw mid-week night, when I managed t catch up n dishes and clean ut the sinks early, I asked Jeff when I culd d smething different. “D yu knw why yu’re still ding dishes?” he asked. “Because yu keep cmplaining abut it.” 4But, he prmised, if I cntinued t leave a clean statin and nt cmplain, next week he wuld put me n the “make table,” where pizzas were put tgether befre being put int the ven. A few days later, when I reprted fr my after-schl shift, I saw my name penciled nt in the “dishes” bx but in the “make table” bx. 5
A. I was excited.
B. Sme write n a chalkbard.
C. I was angry and thught abut quitting.
D. Nbdy likes t wrk with a cmplainer, he said.
E. And I wasn’t afraid t let everyne arund me knw it.
F. On my first night, the dishes piled up after the dinner rush.
G. The peple wh make a difference in yur life cme in all types.
02
Yu dn’t really need much t start running. Once yu have shes, scks, smething t listen t and smething t clck yur time, yu’re just abut set. 1 Whether yu chse a standard watch, a high-tech GPS watch r yur iPhne desn’t matter.
1. Chse a she
Dn’t be influenced by brand names. Instead, try n fur r five running shes, jg arund the stre and let yur feet decide. In a sweeping review f the science n running shes and injuries, researchers fund that the mst imprtant feature f a running she is — cmfrt. That’s it. 2
2. Chse a pair f scks
3 Blisters frm unsuitable scks are painful and culd affect yu fr days. Yu want a breathable, cmfrtable sck. Sme running scks are made frm a special material that draws misture (湿气) away frm yur feet.
Lk fr a sck withut thick (r any) seams (缝) and decide if yu want a n-shw sck r ne that cvers the back f yur ankle. 4 Test them ut t see hw they perfrm when yu run and sweat befre buying mre pairs.
3. Chse a playlist
Running shuld feel like a reward. If yu’re a runner wh likes the quiet f running, then pick a quiet path and g run. But many peple like a cmbinatin f upbeat music r bks n tape t accmpany them n the run. 5 They ften read their wn audibks and leave yu laughing s much yu frget the pains f running.
A. Chse a she that feels gd.
B. Cnsider trying bks by cmedians.
C. Here’s hw t pick the right running equipment.
D. It can prevent bacteria frm accumulating n yur feet.
E. Try scks n in the stre, and pick ne r tw that yu like.
F. While mst runners fcus n shes, scks can be imprtant t.
G. When it cmes t the timing tl, just pick the ne that wrks fr yu.
03
Where the Easter-egg traditin cmes frm
The assciatin between Easter and eggs runs deep. The hatching f a chick is bth seasnally and metaphrically (比喻地) apprpriate fr a springtime hliday f rebirth. But the link’s rigins culd be a lt mre rdinary.
1 . One pssible rigin: the strict fasting rules f the time, which banned eating any animal prduct during Lent (the perid f 40 days befre Easter).
2 . S Christians wuld hard-bil and stre their eggs fr later, accrding t Henry Kelly, a prfessr f medieval (中世纪的) studies at the University f Califrnia, Ls Angeles. Sme f thse eggs wuld be given t the pr, and villagers brught them as Easter gifts t their manrial lrds (领主). Eggs culd als be brught t church as a Gd Friday ffering.
3 , at which pint the husehld f Edward I brught 450 eggs t be clred r cvered in gld leaf t be distributed, accrding t The Statins f the Sun: A Histry f the Ritual Year in Britain by Rnald Huttn. 4 , as clred eggs made flashier gifts between cmmners.
As new ideas abut middle-class family life frmed in Eurpe and the U.S. in the late 1800s, religius hlidays came t include custms fr children. 5 . Sn enugh they were clred, hidden and hunted by kids all ver the place, including at the White Huse, which held its first Easter Egg Rll in 1878.
A. Easter eggs were a natural fit
B. Hens, hwever, kept laying anyway
C. And the traditin wasn’t limited t ryals
D. There are Easter celebratins arund the wrld
E. Decrating them began in Britain arund 1290
F. One f the Easter egg games is the Easter Egg Hunt
G. T lk fr the beginnings f the Easter egg, start in medieval Eurpe
04
Wrk Smarter Nt Harder
In Dan Pink’s Free Agent Natin: The Future f Wrking fr Yurself he clses the bk with a lng, excellent list f “Wrk Smarter Nt Harder” type advice fr peple wh want t start wrking fr themselves.
1 Belw are my favrites.
●Make a “t dn’t” list. Prepare a list that cntains all the things yu shuldn’t waste yur time n — useless tasks, unnecessary meetings, wrthless phne calls, and s n. 2
●Carry a ntebk and pen. Thmas Edisn did it. Virginia Wlf did it. And s did Charles Darwin. They carried a ntebk with them everywhere and wrte dwn ideas that ppped int their heads. 3 Trust me: This is a fantastic way t explre ideas and t weave creativity int the fabric f yur life.
● 4 Becme a learning machine. Ask questins. Take smart peple t lunch. Read. Read sme mre. Listen t audibks. Take classes. Added benefit: This makes life mre interesting. Yet anther benefit: Studies have shwn that peple wh make cnstant learning part f their lives end up living lnger.
●Guard yur calendar. Make sure yur time is fcused n yur ne r tw tp pririties (优先解决的事物). Ask yurself: “Is this hw I want t be spending my time right nw?” Remember: Yu are yur calendar. 5
●Respnd t calls and e-mails quickly. Even if yur respnse is, “I’ll get back t yu,” try t get back t peple within 24 hurs. They’ll appreciate the pliteness.
A. Learn.
B. Be quick, but dn’t hurry.
C. S treat yur calendar with respect.
D. Try t begin yur day the same way.
E. Page thrugh the ntebk ccasinally.
F. Then place it next t yur “t d” list and stick t it.
G. Frankly, the list is s gd I think everyne wuld benefit frm it.
05
Learn Hw t Have a Learning Vacatin
Ging n a vacatin t learn a skill yu have lng wanted t pick up sunds like a gd getaway, but be cautius, said Jhn Spence, the president f a travel cmpany in Calif. “If yu dn’t pick the right skill fr yu, r g in with unrealistic expectatins, yur precius time ff wn’t be enjyable,” he said.
Here, he shares his advice n planning a learning vacatin that yu wn’t regret taking:
FOLLOW YOUR PASSION (热情). 1 . They include cking, phtgraphy, art histry, farming r a sprt such as diving r hrseback riding. T get the mst ut f the trip, chse smething yu’re passinate abut.
2 ? With whatever skill yu intend t learn, figure ut whether yu want an immersin (沉浸) r nly t ccupy a part f yur trip. It’s pssible t learn cking basics, fr example, by taking a weeklng curse at Ballymale Ckery Schl in Ireland. Anther ptin is t attend several half-day classes at the schl and have mre free time t explre the destinatin itself. “ 3 , s make sure that it’s what yu really want,” Mr. Spence said.
CONSIDER YOUR BUDGET. N matter the skill, yu can learn it by taking a vacatin in a wide range f price ranges. 4 . If yu want t learn scuba diving (水肺式潜泳), fr example, heading t the Maldives will cst several thusand dllars per persn, while a scuba diving trip t the Flrida Keys is a mre wallet-friendly chice.
DON’T FORGET THE CHILDREN. 5 , prvided that they are fun. “Yes, yu want yur kids t learn, but yu dn’t want them t be bred by verlading them with t much infrmatin,” Mr. Spence said.
A. A LITTLE, OR A LOT
B. Dn’t be influenced by thers’ interests
C. WHAT SKILL DO YOU WANT TO LEARN
D. Learning vacatins can be great family trips, t
E. The ptins fr what yu can learn n yur vacatin are limitless
F. Having a clear idea f yur budget will help yu hme in n the right trip
G. Spending yur entire break devted t learning smething new can be stressful
06
Astrnauts drink their wn pee (尿) — after it’s been cleaned. 1 Many experts, thugh, argue that recycling pee and ther waste is an excellent and safe slutin when there isn’t enugh fresh water t g arund.
2 All f the water that astrnauts use t drink, brush their teeth, r make cffee cmes ut f ne limited cntainer that has t be resupplied frm Earth. T help cnserve water, the waste frm sinks, tilets, and even the pee frm lab animals n bard flws int a recycling system. First, the water ges thrugh a series f filters (过滤器) t get rid f large particles (微粒) and impurities. Then, chemical reactins remve pisnus chemicals and kill any bacteria r viruses. 3
Chris Hadfield, wh lived n the space statin fr five mnths, says, “Befre yu feel uncmfrtable with the thught f drinking yur leftver wash water and yur leftver pee, keep in mind that the water that we end up with is purer than mst f the water that yu drink n a daily basis at hme.”
Astrnauts, hwever, tend t be mre adventurus than the average persn. On Earth, cities in very dry parts f the wrld have attempted t intrduce wastewater purificatin systems. 4 Citizens reciled (退缩) in disgust. Despite scientific evidence that the water is clean, many peple just can’t get ver the fact that it nce flwed thrugh a tilet. In the 1990s, activists in San Dieg and Ls Angeles campaigned against “tilet t tap” water. 5 In a survey f 2,000 Americans, 26 percent agreed with the statement: “It is impssible fr recycled water t be treated t a high enugh quality that I wuld want t use it.”
A. And yu wuldn’t be alne.
B. And the disapprval remained strng.
C. What cmes ut is clean enugh t drink.
D. On the Internatinal Space Statin, water is a precius resurce.
E. Lts f peple feel sick at the thught f drinking recycled wastewater.
F. Thugh sme f these prgrams have succeeded, thers failed miserably.
G. Wuld yu pick up a glass f water that’s been thrugh a wastewater cleaning system?
07
Fur things I have learned as a language assistant in Italy
1. Hw t be self-sufficient (自立的)
Living in a freign cuntry is definitely difficult, but ding things such as ging shpping and pening a bank accunt abrad can make yu mre cnfident in relying n yurself. 1
2. A new viewpint n my hme cuntry
2 Wrking in Italy, I’ve realised hw differently they d things here, and in sme ways it’s given me a deeper appreciatin f my hme cuntry. Fr example, in Italy, spending time with friends and family is just as imprtant as ging t wrk and cncentrating n a career. I think I shuld take a leaf ut f the Italians’ bk. 3
3. A better idea f what t d in life
My experience in Italy has inspired my lve fr travel and writing articles fr varius student and travel magazines has made me rediscver my passin fr writing. 4
4. A lve f art, histry and culture
Italy is a cuntry s rich in histry that it’s easy t becme a lver f the stries f hw this wnderful cuntry came t be. 5 As a cuntry steeped in religin, Italy has religius art almst everywhere. I already enjyed art and histry befre I came t Italy, but cming here has definitely made me lve them mre deeply.
A. Art is als a large part f Italian culture.
B. I will enjy the time I have with my family mre.
C. It’s rare in Italy t have native language teachers in schls.
D. But there are many psitives that I will take frm Italian life.
E. I am als enjying teaching, and my lve fr teaching has als been strengthened.
F. Even using Italian t buy a few tmates has brught me a real sense f achievement.
G. It’s natural when yu’re in a freign cuntry t cmpare it t the ne yu cme frm.
08
Several ways I get mtivated t d husewrk
●Set my timer! I have develped a habit f setting my timer when I’m ding my Mnday nce-ver r my daily tidying rutines. 1 When my timer ges ff and I lk arund, it just prves that husewrk des nt need t be an all-day unpleasant experience.
●Start with the easiest task t get sme mtivatin. Mine is usually flding the blanket n the sfa, straightening the pillws and picking up the tys in the living rm.
● 2 If I can clear ff the dining rm table, then I’ll clean ff that cunter tp. And s n. And s frth.
●Talk n the phne. 3 Talking n the phne makes chres g s much faster and suddenly the bathrm has als been cleaned!
●Prmise myself a reward. It’s usually a cup f high-quality cffee. 4 By the time I’ve finished my rutine, I usually feel s gd that I dn’t even enjy my reward.
●Use TV cmmercials. If I’m having a truly terrible and tiring day, I d what I call the cmmercial methd. 5 Then during cmmercials, I frce myself t get up and t d a little 5-minute smething.
A. Last time it was a ckie.
B. Deal with ne tiny zne at a time.
C. Listen t my favrite music while wrking.
D. I lve t see if I can beat my previus recrds.
E. I allw myself t lay arund and watch TV all day.
F. I put n my earphne and call my sister t catch up.
G. I’m never n the phne with my sister fr just 15 minutes.
09
Talk shws are televisin prgrams in which a hst sits dwn with entertainers, newsmakers, and ther peple, t talk. 1
This type f prgram, smetimes knwn as a chat shw, was ne f the earliest frmats (形式) created fr televisin. Early hsts, such as Jack Paar, Jhnny Carsn, Steve Allen, and Garry Mre, cmbined interviews with shrt humrus pieces f acting, musical perfrmances, and imprvised (即兴创作) audience participatin. 2 The audience wuld be entertained by the anecdtes f the stars r the imprvised funny remarks f the hst.
By the late 1960s, the frmat became mre fcused n the interviews themselves. Hsts such as Dick Cavett, David Frst, Mike Duglas, and Tm Snyder all became husehld names thrugh their persnal interview styles. Guests n these prgrams were encuraged t d mre than simply prmte an upcming film r musical album. Cavett and Snyder were especially skillful at the “talking heads (发言者头部特写)” frmat. 3
By the 1980s, the talk shw frmat had nce again changed frm academic interviews t aggressive arguments, with hsts such as Jerry Springer, Phil Dnahue, Maury Pvich, and Oprah Winfrey ften bking cntrversial guests. Several f the cntrversial shws did nt last fr lng. 4
Mdern talk shws are usually run at night hsted by such names as David Letterman, Jimmy Kimmel, and Craig Fergusn. They are ften a cmbinatin f musical perfrmances, audience interactin, and shrt celebrity (名人) interviews. Celebrities such as Ellen DeGeneres r Rachael Ray ften hst talk shws, since they can be prduced quickly. 5
A. Therefre, they wn’t affect the talents’ ther wrk.
B. There are a wide variety f talk shws n televisin.
C. Lcal televisin statins als prduce their wn versins.
D. They drew their guests int lengthy academic discussins.
E. Others fcus n a discussin between the hst and the guest.
F. The key was t invite ppular stars fr live interviews with an intelligent hst.
G. Others changed their frmats back t the traditinally friendly guest / hst relatinship.
10
Hw t Bring a Friendship Back
Whether frm lifestyle adjustment, cnflict, r the develpment f different interests, everyne sees a friendship fade frm time t time. Maybe yu’ve cme arund and want t see an ld disagreement slved. 1 Frtunately, there are clear and cnstructive steps yu can take t indicate yur interest in recnnecting and begin the prcess f bringing a friendship back.
Take the first step.
2 If yu want t recnnect, make yurself available and invite yur friend t meet with yu. A phne call r an email is quick, easy, and respectful way t cnvey yur interest in speaking r spending time tgether.
3
The depth f yur previus friendship, and the degree t which yu’ve grwn apart are imprtant factrs (因素) when cnsidering hw yu shuld apprach an ld friend. Fr example, if yu simply haven’t seen r spken with smene in a while, reach ut casually. A message n an nline media platfrm that yu bth use may wrk.
Dn’t wrry abut hw lng it’s been.
Dn’t feel as thugh yur friendship has ended r becme less imprtant. Friendships ften change when peple get married, mve, r have kids. If yu’re missing an ld friend, there’s a gd chance yur friend misses yu as well. 4
Be persistent (坚持不懈的), but nt ver-eager.
If yur friend desn’t respnd, yu can try t cnvey yur hpes t recnnect again.5 Allw time in between cntact. If they simply dn’t respnd, accept the fact that they may nt be ready r willing t recnnect at present.
A. Dn’t rush thugh.
B. Reach ut in the right way.
C. Dn’t wait fr yur friend t reach ut.
D. It is always apprpriate t try t recnnect.
E. The mre persnal apprach will indicate yur interest in recnnecting.
F. Maybe yu simply want t reduce the distance between yu and an ld friend.
G. Take care nt t make them feel as thugh they are under pressure t respnd.