专题突破卷07 阅读理解之说明文-2025年高考英语一轮复习试题（新高考通用）

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1.（2024年新高考I卷D篇阅读理解）In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
2.（2024年新高考II卷C篇阅读理解）We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
8. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
9. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
10. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
3.（2024年新高考II卷D篇阅读理解）Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
12. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
13. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
14. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
15. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
2024年高考模拟真题
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·三模）Duble rainbws are ne thing, but a duble aurra (极光)? They can happen, thugh sme kinds are rare. One particular red-and-green aurra is especially cnfusing. Nw, images taken by amateur astrnmers may help reveal its secrets.
Citizen scientists living in Canada and Finland used cameras t dcument an unusual cmbinatin f aurras in the night sky. Physicists have studied thse images t learn what may have caused the unusual light shw.
Alan Dyer was utside his hme in Strathmre, Canada, when the dancing Nrthern Lights caught his attentin. He grabbed his camera and started filming. "I knew I had smething interesting," says Dyer. At first glance, the duble aurra lks like a flating slice f watermeln. The green aurra is well-understd. The fruity lking red st rip is mre mysterius. Scientists have knwn abut these red aurras fr decades. But there's n agreement n hw they frm. One idea is that Earth's magnetic field can heat up certain areas f the atmsphere. That heat culd knck particles (粒子) arund, like in prtn (质子) rain.
Researchers had seen these tw types f aurras ccur tgether befre. But it was always mysterius, says Tshi Nishimura, a space physicist at Bstn University. After lking at satellite bservatins alng with the images taken by Dyer and thers, Nishimura and his team cncluded hw the tw phenmena might be related. The key is the thin rays in the red aurra. They mark the paths f electrns falling thrugh the Earth's magnetic field. That means electrn rain appears t cause the red aurra, just as prtn rain causes the green ne. Bth get pwered by the slar wind. But the electrns carry less energy than the prtns, s they make fr a mre reddish clr.
Electrn rain might nt be the nly way t prduce the stable red aurras, thugh. The results shw that what's ging n is mre cmplicated than researchers had thught. The aurras Dyer saw culd be danger znes fr radi cmmunicatin and GPS systems, says Nishimura.
The citizen scientists wh tk the phts were a critical part f the new findings, Nishimura says.
1．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A news reprt n astrnmic discveries.
B．A blg abut sky phenmena.
C．A review f aurra research.
D．A brchure f aurra turs.
2．What can be inferred abut red aurras?
A．They are fully understd by scientists.
B．They were first sptted by Alan Dyer.
C．They are related t Earth's magnetic field.
D．They are generated frm prtn rain.
3．What may affect the clr f the aurra?
A．The path it travels alng.B．The energy particles carry.
C．The wavelength f rays.D．The surce f slar wind.
4．What des the authr indicate by mentining Alan Dyer's example?
A．Phtgraphy drives scientific research.
B．The duble aurra is a threat t GPS system.
C．Satellite bservatins lead t aurra discveries.
D．Citizen scientists help explain the duble aurra.
（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）Medicine is nt exclusively a human inventin. Many ther animals, frm insects t birds t nnhuman primates, have been knwn t self-medicate with plants and minerals fr infectins and ther cnditins.
Behaviral eclgist Helen Mrrgh-Bernard f the Brne Nature Fundatin has spent decades studying the island’s rangutans (猩猩) and says she has nw fund evidence they use plants in a previusly unseen medicinal way.
During mre than 20, 000 hurs f frmal bservatin, Mrrgh-Bernard and her clleagues watched 10 rangutans ccasinally chew a particular plant (which is nt part f their nrmal diet) int a famy lather (泡沫) and then rub it int their fur. The apes spent up t 45 minutes at a time massaging the mixture nt their upper arms r legs. The researchers believe this behavir is the first knwn example f a nnhuman animal using a tpical painkiller.
Lcal peple use the same plant Dracaena cantleyi, an unremarkable-lking plant with stalked leaves-t treat aches and pains. Mrrgh-Bernard’s c-authrs studied its chemistry. They added extracts (提出物) frm the plant t human cells that had been grwn in a dish and had been artificially stimulated t prduce cytkines, an immune system respnse that causes inflammatin (炎症) and discmfrt. The plant extract reduced the prductin f several types f cytkines, the scientists reprted the finding in a study published last Nvember in Scientific Reprts.
The results suggest that rangutans use the plant t reduce inflammatin and treat pam. Such findings culd help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful fr human medicatins.
In creatures such as insects, the ability t self-medicate is almst certainly innate: wlly bear caterpillars infected with flies seek ut and eat plant substances that are pisnus t the flies. But mre cmplex animals may learn such tricks after an initial discvery by ne member f their grup.
Fr example, an rangutan may have rubbed the plant n its skin t try t treat parasites and realized that it als had a pleasant pain-killing effect. That behavir may then have been passed n t ther rangutans. Because this type f-self-medicatin is seen nly in suth-central Brne, Mrrgh-Bernard says, it was prbably learned lcally.
5．What d we knw abut Dracaena cantleyi?
A．It can serve as a pain killer.B．It is rangutans nrmal diet.
C．It is a plant with a famy lather.D．L can functin as building materials.
6．Hw did Mrrgh-Bernard’s team prve the plant’s healing prperties?
A．By studying the plant’s chemistry.B．By bserving apes eating the plant.
C．By extracting cytkines frm the plant.D．By watching lcal peple using the plant.
7．What is the significance f the findings?
A．Btanists can better understand plants.
B．Scientists can find a new way t study apes.
C．Dctrs may have the pwer t cure mre diseases.
D．Drug cmpanies may find new materials fr medicine.
8．What can we learn accrding t the passage?
A．Medicine is a human unique inventin.B．Plant extracts are the best t treat-pain.
C．Humans and animals have a lt in cmmn.D．Insects have the natural ability t self medicatin.
（2024·江西上饶·二模）Digital reading appears t be destrying habits f “deep reading”. Amazing numbers f peple with year f schling are in effect illiterate (不识字的). Admittedly, sme peple have been cmplaining abut new media since 1492, but tday’s cmplaints have an evidential basis, Ljubljana Reading Manifest says, “The digital area may lead t mre reading than ever in histry, but it als ffers many attractins t read in a shallw and scattered (碎片化的) manner — r even nt t read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.”
Digital literacy has changed reading. When yu read a bk n paper, yu can be entirely inside the experience, absrbing hundreds f pages t capture the wrld’s cmplexity. Online, says Maryanne Wlf f UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrlling”. The medium is the message: ding deep reading n yur phne is as hard as playing tennis with yur phne. Recently, a bright 11-year-ld tld me I was wasting time n bks: he absrbed mre infrmatin faster frm Wikipedia. He had a pint. But digital readers als absrb mre misinfrmatin. And they seldm, absrb nuanced (微妙的) ideas.
In the white paper that underlies the Ljubljana Reading Manifest, experts catalgue the passive parts f digital reading: “Recent studies f varius kinds indicate a decline f... critical and cnscius reading, slw reading, nn-strategic reading and lng-frm reading.” In the 2021 internatinal PISA survey, 49 percent f students agreed that “I read nly if I have t”, 13 percentage pints higher than in 2000.
As prfessrs frm Nrthwestern University fresaw in 2005, we are returning t the days when nly an elite (精英的) “reading class” cnsumes lng texts — despite mre peple spending lnger in educatin and bk sales remaining rbust.
Peple wh lse higher-level reading skills als lse thinking skills. That’s hrrible, because “higher-level reading” has been essential t civilizatin. It enabled the Enlightenment, and an internatinal rise in sympathy fr peple wh aren’t like us.
9．What is the advantage f the digital reading?
A．It makes mre peple start t read widely.
B．It makes mre peple begin t think deeper.
C．It helps the yung t make use f the Internet.
D．It helps peple take advantage f their spare time.
10．What is Maryanne Wlf’s attitude twards digital reading?
A．Supprtive.B．Oppsed.C．Objective.D．Uncncerned.
11．What can be inferred abut the teens nw accrding t paragraph 3?
A．Teens shuld change the critical and cnscius reading.
B．Nearly half f the teens never read at all.
C．They dn’t believe what the experts indicate.
D．The trend f reading bks is increasingly declining.
12．Which statement is fit fr the underlined wrd in paragraph 4?
A．Mre and mre bks are purchased.
B．It’s unnecessary fr peple t buy bks.
C．Mre and mre peple like t visit the bkstres.
D．The sales f bks keep still fr a really lng time.
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·三模）Orienteering (定向越野) invlves running, jgging r walking, and using a map and cmpass t mve between places. It’s a great way t have fun utdrs with friends and family. The aim is t mve between pints, called cntrls, in a certain rder in the quickest time. Events are usually held in parks, fields r frests but they can als happen in twns and cities and even schl playgrunds. Peple can take part either as individuals r as a team.
Beginners’ events will have easier cntrls t find and cver less distance — perhaps a mile r tw. Fr experienced rienteers, the length f the curse culd be much lnger and take in hills and rugh grund.
Orienteers are given a “cntrl descriptin sheet” t help them find each pint. This sheet has details f features t lk fr, like paths and rivers, and a cde that must match the cde at each cntrl. Yu will either mark yur sheet at each cntrl r check in with an electrnic card.
When yu start rienteering, yu will learn map-reading skills. A helpful tip is t keep yur thumb n the spt that shws yur lcatin n the map. Keep it the right way rund: the features in frnt f yu n the grund shuld be in frnt f yu n the map.
Orienteering maps can have five r six clrs. Black areas shw human features, like buildings; brwn shws the cntur (轮廓) lines (height f the land); and blue shws water, such as lakes and rivers. White and green tgether shw wdlands; yellw areas represent grass and pen areas. On rienteering maps, a curse cnsists f a triangle, circles, a duble circle and smetimes cnnecting lines. The triangle is the start, the duble circle is the finish, and all the circles in between are checkpints.
As yu run between pints by what yu hpe is the quickest rute, yu can take in the scenery arund yu and have a great time chsing yur path and trying t finish in a fast time.
13．What can we learn abut rienteering at the beginning f the text?
A．Its rute is randm.B．Its result is distance-based.
C．It grups rienteers by age.D．It integrates varius skills.
14．Which aspect f rienteering des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A．Tricks f saving time.B．The use f cntrl descriptin sheet.
C．Methds f checking in.D．The imprtance f cdes.
15．Why d rienteers keep their thumb n their lcatin n the map?
A．T track prgress.B．T mark the finish pint.
C．T maintain directin.D．T highlight checkpints.
16．What d the clrs n an rienteering map represent?
A．Gegraphical features.B．Difficulty levels.
C．Rutes fr cmpetitin.D．Stages f the rienteering race.
（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）Eurpean wildcats culd be reintrduced t England mre than 200 years after they became extinct in the cuntry. The prject has been annunced by UK wildlife charity Wildwd Trust.
Eurpean wildcats are ne f the UK’s rarest mammals. The nly wild ppulatin, numbering fewer than 300 individuals, lives in the Scttish Highlands but they are n the verge f extinctin, partly because they have bred with lcal feral cats (wild-living dmestic cats).
Supprters hpe t save the species in the UK by reintrducing them t England and Wales, where they died ut arund 200 years ag because f hunting and lss f habitat. T bring back the species, Wildwd Trust is planning t build 10 new breeding facilities n tw sites in Kent and Devn. Kittens bred in captivity but away frm humans will then be released int the wild. The University f Exeter is researching places where the animals culd be reintrduced.
Eurpean wildcats are arund the same size as a large dmestic cat, but at up t eight kilgrams they are slightly adult heavier. They have a tabby-like pattern with thick black stripes n their bdies and a bushy tail and like t live in frests but near pen grassland. They’re als famusly shy and keep their distance frm humans. Laura Gardner, directr f cnservatin at Wildwd Trust, tld The Times newspaper that peple shuld nt be wrried by the thught f wildcats returning t the wild. “We’re nt talking abut wlves,” she said.
Wildwd Trust says that its prject can benefit bth the wildcats and the habitats where they live. They are ne f the few native predatrs left in the UK, s a healthy ppulatin f wildcats culd help t cntrl the numbers f animals they prey n, such as rabbits and rdents. By cmpeting fr the same fd as fxes, they will als help t reduce fx numbers and restre a balance t nature.
17．What is the aim f the prject?
A．T save wildcats frm dying ut.B．T ensure wildcats’gd habitats.
C．T raise mney t prtect wildcats.D．T build sme new breeding facilities.
18．What des the authr indicate by mentining Laura Gardner in paragraph 4?
A．Wildcats are very shy animals.B．Wildcats are nt as fierce as wlves.
C．Eurpean wildcats are unique animals.D．Wildcats cannt pse a threat fr humans.
19．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Wildcats will threaten the number f ther animals.
B．Wildcats and its habitats will be well prtected.
C．Wildcats can cntribute t eclgical balance.
D．Wildcats are ne f the few predatrs left in the UK.
20．What is the best title f the text?
A．Wildwd Trust Annuncing a Plan.
B．Rare Wildcats Making a Cmeback.
C．Reintrducing Wildcats Benefiting Us.
D．Wildcats Disappearing Frm the Wrld.
（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）A shadwy figure sits alne in a rm, his face dimly lit by a cmputer screen. With a grin, he types in a series f cmputer cmmands, and in the blink f an eye, smene’s bank accunt is drained t zer.
In tday’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thusands f times per day. Hackers can steal mney, infrmatin, r cmpletely take cntrl f a machine frm anywhere in the wrld. Hwever, nt all hackers are villains.
Sme hackers, called white hat r ethical hackers, are individuals wh make the mst f their hacking skills t identify security vulnerabilities (漏洞) in hardware, sftware and netwrks. Their jb is crucial in preventing cyberattacks and safeguarding sensitive infrmatin. The term “white hat” riginated frm ld cwby mvies, where heres wre white hats and villains wre black nes. Like the heres in cwby mvies, white hats seek t stp the bad guys and save the day.
White hat hackers nly seek vulnerabilities legally, ften wrking n pen-surce sftware r with authrized access t systems. Once these weak spts are identified, cmpanies r individuals can take steps t prevent serius breaches and lsses. White hat hackers use a variety f different techniques t keep the internet safe. Penetratin testing, fr example, allws them t mimic cyberattacks and uncver system weaknesses. Security scanning tls allw white hats t identify hles in a netwrk’s security systems. Simulating denial-f-service attacks (DS attacks) helps cmpanies prepare fr attacks against their websites.
Many f the wrld’s tp white hat hackers began their jurneys n the wrng side f the law. A prime example is Kevin Mitnick. This ntrius hacker nce held the title f “mst wanted hacker” in the U. S. due t his cybercriminal activities in 1995. Hwever, after being arrested and spending five years in jail, his life tk a remarkable turn. Mitnick decided t use his hacking skills fr ethical purpses, eventually establishing his wn cybersecurity cnsulting cmpany.
If yu aspire t be a white hat hacker, start by building a strng fundatin in cmputer and netwrk fundamentals. Gd luck, cmputer cwby!
21．What des the underlined wrd “villains” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．evil-ders.B．heres.C．attackers.D．victims.
22．What can we learn abut white hat hackers?
A．They wear white hats in cwby mvies.
B．They d everything t safeguard peple’s infrmatin.
C．They legally use their prfessinal skills t help peple.
D．They find vulnerabilities fr persnal gain withut ding harm.
23．Peple skilled in cmputer and netwrk can’t be tp white hat hackers unless ______.
A．they bey the law
B．they identify security weak pints
C．they take measures t stp serius lsses
D．they build their wn cybersecurity cnsulting cmpanies
24．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T teach us hw t stay secure nline.
B．T tell us hw t be tp white hackers.
C．T warn us f the dangers f cyberattacks.
D．T intrduce defenders f the digital wrld.
（2024·四川达州·二模）With the cean cvering mre than 70% f the Earth’s surface, the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended n snar (声呐) technlgies t understand and map the sea flr which had charted nly abut 10% f the wrld’s cean. Fr the cean and castal waters in the US, the number is just arund 35%.
We knw less abut ur planet’s cean than what we knw abut the far side f the mn r the surface f Mars. Part f the reasn fr the lack f bservatin is the challenge f pwering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships t recharge cameras r bserved with a camera tied t a ship t slve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable fr lng-term bservatins.
Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) have taken a majr step t irn ut this prblem by develping a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that culd harvest energy underwater n its wn fr lng perids.
T keep pwer cnsumptin as lw as pssible, the researchers used ff-the-shelf, ultra-lw-pwer imaging sensrs. The device takes clr phts, even in dark underwater envirnments, and sends image data wirelessly thrugh the water.
The camera is pwered by sund. It changes mechanical energy frm sund waves traveling thrugh water int electrical energy that pwers its imaging and cmmunicatins equipment. After getting and encding image data, the camera als uses sund waves t send the data t a receiver that recnstructs the image. Thse sund waves culd cme frm any surce, like a passing ship r marine life. As it desn’t need a pwer surce, the camera culd run fr weeks n end befre getting it back, enabling scientists t search remte parts f the cean fr new species.
Nw that researchers have demnstrated a wrking prttype (原型), they plan t enhance the device s it is practical in real-wrld settings. Fr future applicatin, these cameras may be used t take images f cean pllutin and create mre accurate mdels t mnitr climate change t better understand hw climate change impacts the underwater wrld, and advance varius undersea scientific fields.
25．What d the data in paragraph 1 mainly shw?
A．Undersea explratin is pr in the US.
B．Much f the planet’s cean remains unexplred.
C．The mapping f the sea flr is time-cnsuming.
D．Technlgy develpment matters a lt t sea bservatin.
26．What limits the researchers’ undersea explratin accrding t the text?
A．The cmplexity f the sea envirnment.
B．The cncern abut ptential sea pllutin.
C．The shrtage f investment in cean explratin.
D．The inability t effectively pwer underwater cameras.
27．What des the underlined phrase “irn ut” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Overcme.B．Face.
C．Analyze.D．Illustrate.
28．Which f the fllwing can best describe the MIT underwater camera?
A．Secure and stable.B．Expensive but effective.
C．Impractical but advanced.D．Self-sufficient and energy-saving.
（2024·山东泰安·二模）When Spanish meets English, new dialects emerge, giving us real-time insight int language evlutin, linguists say.
Fr instance, “Vams de punches punches punches”, Yamilet Munz texted her friends in Austin, Texas. It means “let’s g and party”, but it’s nt a phrase yu’ll find in any dictinary. It’s a remix f Spanish and English wrds seasned with an in-jke abut punching the air as yu dance.
“Our language has always been a very big indicatr f ur cultural pride,” says Munz, whse parents migrated frm Mexic t San Antni, Texas, in the 1990s. Arund 66% f the city's ppulatin identify as Hispanic r Latin/Latina. Fr Munz and her friends there is pride in speaking Spanish, but als in mixing the languages int the hybrid knwn as Spanglish.
The evlutin f Spanglish has been dcumented fr decades, with each generatin adding its unique twist. Nw a grwing bdy f research, as well as the experiences f bilingual(双语的) speakers like Munz, shws just hw deeply English and Spanish are influencing each ther in the United States, resulting in hybrid dialects like Spanglish, but als, transfrming the underlying languages.
Fr the past decade, Carter and his clleagues have studied language change in Miami, a city where sme 72% identify as Latin r Hispanic and which is strngly shaped by histrical migratin frm Cuba. Their research dcuments the emergence f a distinct “Miami English” dialect as a result f that Spanish-language heritage.
The Spanish influence has als shwn up in ways peple may nt immediately ntice, such as sunds like the “” in “bt” being prnunced in a mre Spanish-style way in Miami, mre like the Spanish “u” vwel, accrding t separate research by Carter, Lydda Lpez Valdez at the University f Miami and Nandi Sims at Ohi State University.
“This is the wrk f language change, this is the wrk f dialect frmatin, this is hw it happens. It happens in things that are really nticeable, like the phrase ‘get dwn frm the car’, but it als happens in really slight ways,” he says.
29．Why is an example intrduced in Paragraph 2?
A．T illustrate the language innvatin.
B．T explain the advantage f Spanish.
C．T highlight the mix f Spanish and English.
D．T prve the enrichment f English vcabulary.
30．What can be inferred frm Munz and her friends?
A．Spanish and English are interrelating.
B．Mixing tw languages is cmplicated.
C．Languages dminate cultural develpment.
D．Bilingualists tend t bserve their wn culture.
31．What des Carter intend t cnvey?
A．Dialects evlve flexibly and frequently.
B．Spanish pssesses mre sunds than English.
C．Phrases are changing mre slwly than befre.
D．Language change is prgressive and dynamic.
32．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Researchers are Studying Languages.
B．Hw Mdem English is Changing Glbally.
C．Hw a Generatin is Reinventing Spanglish.
D．Hw Spanglish is Influencing American Culture
（2024·山东泰安·二模）A new frm f real estate is ppping up alng the beaches f Suth Africa, which are just big enugh t fit a family f African penguins. Their unique selling pint: a safe and cl place fr penguins t breed (繁殖).
Histrically, the penguins dug hles in layers f guan (鸟粪), but in the 19th century, traders started selling guan as fertilizer, leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly expsed t predatrs (捕食者) and the burning sun. This has caused African penguin ppulatins t decrease. That’s why cnservatinists have cme t the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Prject (APNP), which aims t emply artificial nests t prvide penguin parents a safe and shaded place t raise their chicks.
While guan trade petered ut by the late 1800s, recreating the layers that accumulated ver thusands f years isn’t an ptin, because seabird ppulatins have declined s much ver time and it wuld take arund 600 years t prduce ne usable guan layer. Hence, the prject decided t build artificial nests. At first glance, they lk fairly simple--a dmed structure made frm tw mlded shells f fabric cated in ceramic slurry (陶瓷浆料),with a small entrance measuring abut 20 centimeters wide.
Getting the right temperature and dampness inside the nest was the tughest and mst crucial part. The tw-layer design and ventilatin hles (通风孔) create an air cnditining effect, while the white paint reflects the sun, helping t maintain an interir temperature f less than 35 degrees Celsius.
The prject started t use the nests in late 2018.“Within a matter f minutes, penguins were running int them,” says Graham, crdinatr f APNP. “That tells yu hw desperate they are fr any pprtunity t find a safe place t nest. Hwever, ppulatin recvery relies n mre than merely giving African penguins a safe place t breed. It’s nt simply a case f ‘we give them a nest, the species are saved ‘. There has t be mre.”
33．What d we knw abut artificial nests?
A．They functin better than natural nests.
B．They are designed and built scientifically.
C．They are unique attractins f Suth Africa.
D．They are equipped with mini air-cnditiners.
34．What is the gal f APNP?
A．T raise mney t preserve penguins.
B．T prmte the sale f artificial nests.
C．T help penguins fight against diseases.
D．T prvide habitable shelters fr penguins.
35．What des the underlined phrase “petered ut” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．turned upB．dried utC．faded awayD．fell apart
36．Which f the fllwing statements might Graham agree with?
A．Penguins breed mre chicks in safer places.
B．Varius cnservatin effrts need be cmbined.
C．Artificial nests have achieved the desired effect.
D．Artificial nests shuld be applied t ther species.
（2024·湖北武汉·三模）Scientists have fund a way t decde (解码) a stream f wrds in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. The system recnstructs the main pint f what a persn hears r imagines, rather than trying t cpy each wrd, a team reprts.“It’s getting at the ideas behind the wrds, the meaning, says Alexander Huth, an authr f the study.”
Previus effrts t decde language have relied n sensrs placed directly n the surface f the brain. The sensrs detect signals in areas invlved in expressing wrds. But the Texas team’s apprach is an attempt t “decde mre freefrm thught,” says Marcel Just, a prfessr f psychlgy at Carnegie Melln University.
The new study came abut as part f an effrt t understand hw the brain prcesses language. Researchers had three peple spend up t 16 hurs each in a functinal MRI scanner which detects signs f activity acrss the brain. Participants wre headphnes that streamed audi frm the Internet. Thse streams f wrds prduced activity all ver the brain, nt just in areas assciated with speech and language. After participants listened t hurs f stries in the scanner, the MRI data was sent t a cmputer. It learned t match specific patterns f brain activity with certain streams f wrds. Then came a paraphrased versin f what a participant heard.
The MRI apprach is currently slwer and less accurate than an experimental cmmunicatin system being develped fr paralyzed peple, where peple get a sheet f electrical sensrs implanted directly n the surface f the brain. With an MRI-based system, n ne has t get surgery.
But future versins f MRI scans culd raise mral questins. “What if yu can read ut the wrd that smebdy is just thinking in their head? That’s ptentially a harmful thing.” Huth says. This technlgy can’t really read minds uncntrllably, thugh. It nly wrks when a participant is actively cperating with scientists. Still, systems that decde language culd smeday supprt peple wh are unable t speak because f a brain injury r disease. They are als assisting scientists in understanding hw the brain prcesses wrds and thughts.
37．What is special abut the Texas team’s study?
A．Brain can be recnstructed.B．Expressin can be perfected.
C．Meanings can be cmprehended.D．Sensr signals can be imprved.
38．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The prcess f an experiment.B．Patterns f brain activity.
C．Steps f wrd matching.D．The way f speech decding.
39．What can be implied abut MRI scans frm the last paragraph?
A．They are a duble-edged swrd.B．They are ptentially harmful t life.
C．They are helpful t treat brain disease.D．They are well wrth researching.
40．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Decder That Can Read Yur MindB．MRI Scanner: Raise a mral questin
C．MRI Scanner: Still a Lng Way t GD．A Decder That Can Cnvey Meaning