2025高考英语 一轮话题复习 话题7　优秀品行及公民义务（课件+练习）

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(2024·浙江省Z20名校联盟第三次联考)Inspired by his mentr Luis Sullivan，an influential figure in the wrld f mdernist architecture，Frank Llyd Wright cined the term “rganic architecture” arund 1908.Rather than imitating nature r rganic elements within the natural wrld，rganic architecture is mre cncerned with re－interpretatin f nature and harmny between the rganic and the built envirnment.It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put tgether t reflect the rder within nature.Here are 4 f the mst striking examples.
Casa MilàLcatin：Barcelna，SpainYear f cmpletin：1910Architect：Antni GaudiCnsidered the greatest expnent f Catalan Mdernism，Antni Gaudi was devted t nature and the Cathlic religin.While he riginally intended this rganic building t have a religius purpse，it is nw an apartment building.True t the rganic style，it features the shape f hneycmb that seemingly emerges frm the earth.
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technlgical University (NTU)Lcatin：SingapreYear f cmpletin：2015Architect：Thmas HeatherwickEarning the nicknames “dim sum basket building” and “the Hive”，the Learning Hub cnsists f 12 eight－strey twers arranged arund a public atrium.The rganic nature f the building extends t its interir with features like gardens that are intended t encurage scial interactins and study amng students.
Falling WaterLcatin：Mill Run，PennsylvaniaYear f cmpletin：1939Architect：Frank Llyd WrightA classic f mdernism and rganic architecture，Falling Water sits n tp f a waterfall.Frank Llyd Wright designed it fr the Kaufmann family wh—thugh they had riginally hped fr a view f the waterfall—came t lve the hme.
East Beach CaféLcatin：Littlehamptn，UKYear f cmpletin：2007Architect：Thmas HeatherwickLcated in a seaside area with an industrial histry，East Beach Café resembles (像) a piece f driftwd.Frty meters lng，seven meters wide and five meters high，it initially plarised lcals，but has since been well－received by the whle cmmunity.It was the first building fr Thmas Heatherwick wh previusly was better knwn as a sculptr.【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四座著名的有机建筑的情况。
1.Which building has the lngest histry?
A.Casa Milà.B.Learning Hub at Water.D.East Beach Café.解析 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，Casa Milà完成于1910年；Learning Hub at Nanyang Technlgical University (NTU) 完成于2015年；Falling Water完成于1939年；East Beach Café完成于2007年。故Casa Milà的历史最悠久。
2.What can we learn abut East Beach Café？
A.It remains flating n the serves t encurage scial was nt accepted by all the lcals was riginally intended fr a particular family.解析 细节理解题。根据East Beach Café部分中“Frty meters lng，seven meters the whle cmmunity.”可知，它最初让当地人两极分化，但后来受到了整个社区的欢迎，故可知起初并不是所有的当地人都接受East Beach Café。
3.Which f the fllwing magazines is the text prbably taken frm?
A.Natural Wrld. B.Architectural Gardening. D.Extrardinary Figures.解析 文章出处题。根据第二段内容并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有机建筑，关注有机环境与建筑环境中人与自然的和谐，并列举了四座著名的建筑来说明，可推知“建筑文摘”可能是本文的来源。
(2024·湖南常德市一中模拟预测)“I saw it first，” Amy said，as she ripped the ld leather wallet ut f Charlie’s hands.Withut saying a wrd，as if they bth understd that this was a secret they didn’t want t share with anyne，they slipped int the alley，where n ne culd see them lk inside.“There’s gt t be a millin dllars here！”Charlie blurted ut，when they saw the pile f hundred－dllar bills.Amy，the mre realistic f the tw，did a quick estimate，thumbing thrugh the wad f cash.“Mre like thusands，” she said，her vice shaking in disbelief.
They’d fund the wallet in a flwerbed by the sidewalk，when Charlie drpped his cell phne while he was trying t talk and eat a slice f pepperni pizza at the same time.Amy stuffed the wallet int her backpack and pulled Charlie alng by his elbw tward her huse.As they rushed tward Vicery Avenue，they talked excitedly abut what they culd d with the mney—buy gifts fr parents and friends，get new clthes，travel t the rainfrest in Csta Rica，and adpt a whale.It lked like all f their dreams wuld cme true.Fr the last blck，hwever，they didn’t talk.Each began t suspect that the ther ne was silently adding t the list f things they culd buy.
They finally reached Amy’s huse，but instead f ging inside，they walked arund the huse t the back prch.They pened the wallet and cunted the mney int piles f ten.The ttal was $2，400—mre mney than either f them had ever seen.Then they bth started talking at nce，“I wnder wh lst it.” Their mds shifted，sinking frm the high f being rich fr fifteen minutes t resigning themselves t what they must d next.Fr in the wallet’s clear plastic cmpartment，there was a driver’s license.They knew what they had t d.Althugh they wuld lse their newly－fund treasure，in a way，they felt relieved.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Amy和Charlie在花坛里发现了一个有几千美元的钱包，两人把钱包拿走，畅想利用这笔钱做什么，后来两人还是决定把钱包还给失主，让自己放下心理负担。
4.Where did Amy and Charlie find the wallet?
A.In an alley.B.In a sme flwers.D.On the sidewalk.解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They’d fund the wallet in a flwerbed by the sidewalk”可知，Amy和Charlie在一些花中间发现了这个钱包。
5.In Paragraph 2，why was Amy’s vice shaking?
A.She was afraid that they wuld be seen by was disappinted there wasn’t a millin was fearful that Charlie wuld tell smene felt nervus because she’d never seen s much mney.解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Mre like thusands，’ she said，her vice shaking in disbelief.”可知，Amy不敢相信钱包里有这么多钱。由此推知，从未见过这么多钱的她会感到紧张，声音颤抖。
6.On their way t Amy’s huse，the children’s mds changed frm .
A.excited t suspiciusB.happy t angryC.relieved t wrriedD.nervus t disappinted解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As they rushed tward Vicery Avenue，they talked excitedly adpt a whale.”和“Fr the last blck，hwever，they didn’t list f things they culd buy.”可知，在回Amy家的路上，两人先是非常兴奋，开心地想象利用这笔钱可以做什么，后来变得沉默，猜疑对方偷偷地想买更多的东西，因此两个孩子的情绪是由兴奋变成怀疑。
7.What did the children decide t d at the end f the stry?
A.T keep the mney a secret frm return the wallet t its rightful put the wallet back where they fund buy many different things with the mney.解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Fr in the wallet’s clear plastic their newly－fund treasure，in a way，they felt relieved.”可推知，Amy和Charlie打算放弃这笔财富，根据钱包里驾驶执照的信息将钱包返还给失主，让自己放下心理负担。
(2024·广东汕头金山中学三模)Scrubbing yur hands with sap and water washes away germs (细菌).But the ht－air hand dryers fund in many public restrms seem t spray micrbes (微生物)right back nt clean skin.That’s what 16－year－ld Zita Nguyen fund by testing peple’s freshly washed and dried hands.She shwcased her findings this week at the Regenern Internatinal Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).Held in Dallas，Texas，this cmpetitin is a prgram f the Sciety fr Science.
Tilets in public restrms seldm have lids.S flushing them sprays the germs frm bdy waste int the air.That same air is drawn int thse electric hand dryers.These machines prvide a nice warm hme in which micrbes can grw，Zita says.Cleaning the inside f these machines can be difficult，she adds.The teen had fur peple wash and dry their hands in restrms at a mall and a gas statin.The participants scrubbed with sap and water.After each washing，they dried their hands using ne f three different methds.In sme trials，they simply used paper twels.In the thers，they used an electric hand dryer.Smetimes，they held their hands clse t the machine，abut 13 centimeters belw it.Other times，they held their hands abut 30 centimeters belw the dryer.Each hand－drying cnditin was perfrmed 20 times.
Right after this drying，Zita swabbed (用拭子擦) their hands fr germs.Then she rubbed the swabs nt petri dishes filled with nutrients that wuld fuel a micrbe’s grwth.She hused these dishes in an incubatr (细菌培养器) fr three days.Fewer than 50 clnies f micrbes，n average，turned up in each dish expsed t swabs frm hands dried with paper twels r frm hands held farther frm the electric dryers.In cntrast，mre than 130 clnies，n average，grew in petri dishes frm hands held clse t the ht－air dryers.
At first，Zita was amazed by all the micrbes in these dishes.Quickly，hwever，she realized they represented what cvered peple’s hands after using a ht－air dryer.“This is disgusting，” she nw says.“I’m never ging t use these machines again！”【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了16岁的 Zita Nguyen 通过测试发现，公共厕所的热风烘干机会把微生物直接喷回在刚洗干净的手上。
8.What is the main functin f the first paragraph?
A.T prvide backgrund infrmatin.B.T summarize Zita’s call fr actin.D.T explain a rule.解析 写作意图题。根据第一段中“But the ht－air hand 16－year－ld Zita Nguyen fund by testing peple’s freshly washed and dried hands.”和第二段中“She shwcased her findings this week at the Regenern Internatinal Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).”可推知，第一段主要是为了总结Zita的发现。
9.Which f the fllwing des NOT play a rle in the phenmenn Zita discvered?
A.Public tilets ften lack dryers are ften frget t wash their inside f hand dryers is hard t clean.解析 细节理解题。根据第三段“Tilets in public restrms seldm have the inside f these machines can be difficult，she adds.”可知，公共厕所很少有盖子，烘干机是温暖的，清洗烘干机内部很困难,导致用烘干机烘干手时会将细菌带到手上，C项“人们经常忘记洗手”不是其中一个原因。
10.What did Zita d as part f the experiment?
A.She analysed existing data.B.She tested hundreds f visited many lcatins.D.She cmpared different methds.解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Right after this drying，Zita swabbed (用拭子擦)their hands fr an incubatr(细菌培养器)fr three days.”和第四段提到“After each washing，they dried their hands using ne f three different methds.”提到参与者用不同的方法烘干手可知，在实验中，Zita比较了不同的方法。
11.What is Zita’s attitude t electric dryers nw?
A.Negative. D.Interested.解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“‘This is disgusting，’ she nw says.‘I’m never ging t use these machines again！’”可推知，现在Zita对烘干机的态度是消极的。
(2024·河北统考)Hw t Manage Cnflict·Use neutral(中立的)language.Neutral language keeps the discussin bjective and nnjudgmental.Inflammatry(煽动性的)language nly makes the cnflict wrse. 1 Rephrase negative statements int neutral cmments and ask sincere questins t get yur cwrker’s side f the stry and use a calm，even tne f vice.
·Reflect n the situatin.Shw all parties that yu hear and understand their cncerns.Often，cnflict cmes frm ne party feeling as thugh they’re nt being heard r understd.Take time thrughut yur cnversatin t restate what the ther persn says. 2 ·Wrk tgether t cmprmise(妥协)and find a slutin. 3 Reslve the cnflict by wrking tgether and brainstrming slutins t the cnflict that addresses everyne’s cncerns.Write dwn yur ideas and see if there’s ne slutin that bth f yu find fair and reasnable.A gd reslutin usually invlves cmprmise—meeting half way s that yu bth leave satisfied.
·Make a reslutin plan.A plan defines each party’s respnsibilities and prevents mre cnflict.After finding a slutin everyne can agree n，sit dwn tgether and figure ut what yu’ll all d t reslve the cnflict. 4 What ther practices might help avid future cnflict and maintain psitive cmmunicatin? Ensure everyne invlved cperates n the win－win slutin.
·Pick yur battles.Nt all cnflicts are wrth hlding nt at the cst f yur energy.Sme issues can’t be slved t the satisfactin f bth parties，especially if ne persn rejects any negtiatin.In thse cases，ask yurself hw much the issue at the cre f the cnflict matters t yu.Are yu willing t give in r keep dialguing t reach a different reslutin？ 5 If yu decide the cnflict isn’t wrth yur energy，give the ther persn a simple cncessin.
A.Is this cnflict wrth yur time and energy?B.Hw will the immediate prblem be fixed?C.Giving in desn’t mean saying，“Yu’re right，and I’m wrng.”D.This will help yu clarify yur understanding f the n finding a slutin rather than determining wh is “right” encurages everyne t stp blaming each ，keep the discussin less emtinal by using bjective language.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章针对如何应对矛盾冲突给出了几点建议。1.G [根据上文“中立的语言使讨论保持客观和非评判性。”可知，此处说的是使用客观的语言来减少情绪化，与G项“相反，通过使用客观的语言来减少讨论的情绪化。”表达的含义一致。]2.D [根据上文“通常，冲突来自一方感觉他们不被倾听或理解。在谈话中，花点时间重述对方所说的话。”可知此处说的是要了解情况，与D项“这将有助于你阐明对情况的理解。”表达的含义一致。]3.F [根据下文“通过合作和集思广益解决每个人的担忧来解决冲突。”可知，可以通过合作的办法解决冲突，与F项“合作促使每个人停止互相指责。”表达的含义一致。]
4.B [根据上文“在找到每个人都能达成一致的解决方案后，坐下来一起想需要做什么来解决冲突。”可知，此处说的是找到解决方案后，坐下来思考具体的做法，B项“如何解决眼前的问题？”和下一个问句都在进一步探讨主题。]5.A [根据上文“并不是所有的冲突都值得以精力为代价坚持下去。”可知，此处说的是要思考冲突是否值得付出精力，A项“这场冲突值得你花费时间和精力吗？”符合本段主题。]