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专题05 非谓语动词-2025年高考英语一轮复习语法知识必备（(知识点课件+精析精练)）
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这是一份专题05 非谓语动词-2025年高考英语一轮复习语法知识必备（(知识点课件+精析精练)），文件包含05非谓语动词pptx、05非谓语动词docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共49页， 欢迎下载使用。
考点1 非谓语动词的时态和语态【考题再现】①(2024·新乡模拟) Since the vlunteers were cut ff frm the utside wrld, they had t rely n their bdy clck t knw when _________(wake) up, g t sleep and eat. ②(2024·郑州模拟) “The __________(cmbine) length f the electric cables n the ship is mre than 4, 200 kilmeters, ” Chen said, _______(nte) that his shipyard has used a lt f advanced techniques and machinery t build the ship.③(2024·洛阳模拟) Because f the fact that the artifacts were very small in size, traditinally cnsidered t small _________(study), little was knwn abut the stne technlgy and tl making skills f these ancestrs.
【要点归纳】 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形式和-ed形式),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
非谓语动词的时态和语态一览表
1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。I gt a letter saying that I was admitted t a key university. The bridge t be built will be the lngest ne n this river.
2.时间先后关系根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 用非谓语动词的完成式。Hearing the inspiring news, they all jumped with jy.I seem t have invlved myself in smething I dn’t understand.
【要点巩固】①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C改编) The gal f this bk is _________(make) the case fr digital minimalism, including a _________(detail) explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw _________(adpt) this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. ②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷七选五改编) As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw _________(begin) an art jurney. ③(2023·浙江高考1月阅读B改编) I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, ________(share) hw cl I thught it wuld be _______(buy) grceries with jars, and have s little trash!
④(2023·全国甲卷阅读D改编) Their recvery has been s successful that the and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t de-list grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them ____________ (hunt). ⑤(2023·全国乙卷阅读D改编) Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) _________(drp) by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht.
t be hunted
考点2 非谓语动词作主语、表语【考题再现】①(2024·北京海淀模拟) It is believed that __________(receive) Sanfutie during the httest summer days is effective fr cughs, asthma, and arthritis.②(2024·汕头模拟) Secndly, _______(be) in China during the Spring Festival is an abslutely amazing event.③(2024·郑州模拟) China’s first large hme-made cruise ship(游轮), rughly the height f a 25-stry building, is __________(schedule) t be delivered t its user arund the end f this year.
【要点归纳】1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Listening t music is my sister’s hbby.T d this is t cut the ft t fit the she.
(2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有: It is/was n use/gd+ding sth.; It is/was nt any use/gd+ding sth.; It is/was f little use/gd+ding sth.; It is/was useless ding sth.; It’s a waste f time ding sth.;It is/was+adj.+fr sb.+t d sth.等。It was n use pretending that I had nt seen him, s I waved t him.It is n gd trying that methd, because it wn’t wrk.It is imprtant fr us t meet persnally althugh we have been in tuch in varius ways.
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语时意为“令人感到……的”, 而动词-ed形式作表语时意为“感到……的”。The aim f the festival is t increase awareness f Chinese culture and traditins.At first she was terrified,and then she pulled herself tgether.The radiatin f nuclear bmbing is terrifying.
【要点巩固】①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A改编) _________(cycle) is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights.②(2023·全国乙卷阅读C改编) Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is ___________(prduce) mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
③(2023·全国乙卷阅读C改编) Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that __________(watch) ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd.④(2023·全国乙卷阅读B改编) ________(live) in Iwa and _______(try) t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge.⑤(2023·全国乙卷阅读B改编) _______(be) at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语【考题再现】①(2024·沧州模拟) This culd prevent the fries frm ________(get) wet and rtting away during the 5-8 weeks’ jurney acrss the Atlantic Ocean.②(2024·开封模拟) List all f the tasks that yu need _____________(accmplish). ③(2024·秦皇岛模拟) A 10-year-ld by, Vidyun R Hebbar, has wn a prestigius (有声望的) internatinal wildlife phtgraphy cmpetitin fr his sht f a spider’s ________ (make) its web in the light f a passing tuk tuk.
t accmplish
【要点归纳】1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, risk, keep, keep n, avid, escape, enjy, cnsider, excuse, finish, miss, insist n, lk frward t, feel like, get dwn t, bject t等。2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:agree, intend, plan, demand, prmise, prepare, decide, refuse, chse, wish, hpe, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等。
【要点巩固】①(2024·保定模拟) While we d need t rely n quite a bit f self-prmtin t make thers aware f ur cmpetences, humblebraggers are knwn fr ________(mix) self-prmtin with humility r cmplaint.②(2024·沧州模拟) He chse _______(sell) the fries in Mnticell. ③(2024·平顶山模拟) A staff member explains the cutting f plantatin frests is mre like _________ (thin) when farmers plant crps.④(2024·新乡模拟) We hpe t better understand hw ur brains are capable f ________(find) new slutins, whatever the situatin.⑤(2022·全国乙卷完形改编) Yung children acrss the glbe enjy ________(play) games f hide and seek.
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语补足语【考题再现】①(2024·开封模拟) FRBs mstly nly appear nce, which makes them very hard ________ (track). ②(2024·秦皇岛模拟) A passing tuk tuk prvided the clrful backdrp t set ff the spider’s web, a netwrk f tangled threads that frmed a dme and made it difficult fr prey (猎物) __________(escape). ③(2024·平顶山模拟) Saihanba’s success has allwed this “miracle n earth” ____________(cpy) acrss the cuntry.
t be cpied
【要点归纳】1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, bserve, ntice, lk at, hear, listen t, feel)后面的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(d/ding/dne)。d表主动和完成(被动句中t还原),ding表主动或正在进行,dne表被动或完成。I heard her singing an English sng when I passed by.I didn’t ntice him get n the same bus.2.动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。The teacher had us make up cnversatins during classes.The teacher gt the students t lk up all the wrds they didn’t knw.
【要点巩固】①(2023·全国乙卷阅读D改编) Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things _______(tell) their stries. ②(2022·全国甲卷阅读C改编) As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself ________(greet) by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅)lnging t say hell.③He lked arund and caught a man _________(smke) in the crner.④He fund himself ____________(surrund) by a lt f peple when he wke up.⑤At first, she was very nervus.Hwever, with the prblems ________(settle), she felt much relieved.
考点5 非谓语动词作定语【考题再现】①(2024·保定模拟) A recent study, published in the Jurnal f Persnality and Scial Psychlgy, shws that peple chse t humblebrag as an attempt __________ (impress) thers. ②“Dragn Bat Racing” is als a classical dance drama _______(base) n several Guangdng musicians.③(2024·焦作模拟) The Great Wall is a place steeped in histry and has much ________(ffer) yu.
【要点归纳】1.动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。He was the last ne t leave schl yesterday.(主谓关系)She has a lt f wrk t d in the mrning.(动宾关系)【特别提示】动词不定式既可用主动形式也可用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。试比较:D yu have anything t buy?(动作的执行者是“你”)D yu have anything t be bught?(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)
(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the nly等修饰,且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。The best place t catch fish n a canal is clse t the lck.(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用不定式作后置定语,且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, pprtunity等。We shuld develp the students’ ability t slve prblems.【特别提示】在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。 Wuld yu please give me sme paper t write n?The shpping mall is a gd place t g.
2.动词-ing形式作定语当动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。The child standing ver there is my brther.【特别提示】当被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动语态作定语, 表示该动作的被动和进行。The huse being built ver there will be ur new library.
3.动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。The bk written by him is very ppular.【特别提示】作定语的非谓语动词的分词形式为ding和dne。ding表示正在进行; dne表示已经完成。biling water正在沸腾的水biled water开水
【要点巩固】①(2024·郑州模拟) It des this by drawing n infrmatin _________(cllect) frm a large crpus (语料库) f text data.②(2024·汕头模拟) In this way, yu’re ging t have a challenge that will give yu cnfidence ________(deal) with many ther things in this wrld. ③The stadium ________(shape) like a date palm bwl and an enamel lantern is the first mvable “green stadium”.④(2024·潮州模拟) The blue whale, __________(weigh) mre than even the biggest dinsaurs, is the largest animal that has ever lived.
⑤(2024·安阳模拟) During a decade f cntinuus develpment, Plant Species with Extremely Small Ppulatins (PSESP) was applied as a mdel ____________(cnserve) native plants in cuntries such as Italy, Russia, Mexic and Iraq.
考点6 非谓语动词作状语【考题再现】①(2024·广东模拟) ____________(integrate) bxing with dance, the musical drama “Missin Must Be Reached” mixes Lingnan-style music with rck & rll, pp music and rap.②(2024·北京丰台模拟) As it swims, its muscles mve, __________(result) in reflectins f many clrs.③(2024·郑州模拟) We plan t mve it ut f the dry dck in June ____________(cntinue) the fitting prcess.
Integrating
【要点归纳】1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等(1)作目的状语, 有时用in rder t或s as t,但s as t不用于句首。T enjy the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens start t use smart phnes.In rder t catch the train, she hurried thrugh her wrk.(2)作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构enugh t, t, , nly t等。Yu’re ld enugh t travel n the train by yurself.He was s flish as t leave his car unlcked.
(3)作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。He was surprised t find his rm thrughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect rder.【特别提示】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词(easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, gd, fit, cmfrtable等)后面作状语,构成“主语+be动词+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。The materials are sft and cmfrtable t wear.
2.动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语, 常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。We hear f wmen wh run away, leaving behind their hmes and families.(2020·天津高考) The dancer’s incredible perfrmance had the audience n its feet clapping fr 10 minutes at the end f the shw.【特别提示】动词不定式作结果状语时, 常表示意想不到的结果;而动词-ing形式作结果状语时, 常表示自然而然的结果。He hurried t the statin, nly t find the train had left.His father died, leaving him a lt f mney.
3.动词-ed形式作状语(1)动词-ed形式作状语, 分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(2020·江苏高考) Technlgical innvatins, cmbined with gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts.(2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化, 且往往用于一些系表结构中, 此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动, 也不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lst(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lst/absrbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……的), tired f(对……感到厌倦的)等。He hid his face in his hands again, lst in his wn thughts.He was a big man in his frties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.
【特别提示】有部分分词或不定式短语作状语,其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响,这种结构称为独立成分。常用的有cnsidering... (鉴于,考虑到); generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/frm...(从……来看,依据……来判断);suppsing that... (假定……); prviding that... (假定……);given that...(鉴于,由于……)。
4.独立主格结构(1)独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系;③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。(2)独立主格结构的构成:名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。Every mrning the ld man walks in the park, his pet dg fllwing him alng(=and his pet dg fllws him alng).She std there, her eyes lking upward int the sky and her hands crssed n her breast.
【要点巩固】①(2024·郑州模拟) The GPT mdels built by OpenAI cmbined Transfrmer with unsupervised learning, _________(mean) that the mdels can learn by themselves withut being tld what t lk at.②(2024·韶关模拟) But the waiter caught a glimpse f the imperial gwn (黄袍)underneath and rushed _______(tell) the chef with shck. ③(2024·开封模拟) ________(knw) as FRB121102, it was first discvered in 2012 and fund t repeat in 2015.
④(2023·全国乙卷七选五改编) Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt _______(d) much, but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme.⑤(2023·全国乙卷阅读A改编) She qualified as a surgen in 1813, then jined the British Army, ________(serve) verseas.
【特别提示】语法填空题非谓语动词考法1.三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且表示正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(ding);(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表示完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(dne);(3)若非谓语动词表示将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(t d)。
2.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式It’s+形容词+(fr/f sb.+) t d sth.; It’s n gd/use/pleasure ding sth.; find/think/believe/cnsider+it+adj.+t d sth.。3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词4.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等;(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式形式;(3)动词-ed形式作表语, 主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态, 含有被动的意思; 而动词-ing形式作表语,多表示主语具有的特征, 含有主动的意思。
运用非谓语动词对简单句和复杂句进行恰当转换,不仅显得句式多样,句子活泼,而且可使表达更简洁、更高级。非谓语动词在写作中的形式主要有ding、dne、having dne和with的复合结构,其作状语时,主要表示原因、结果或伴随状态。如2023年浙江高考1月读后续写:I turned arund t see the same hummingbird.我转过身来看到了同一只蜂鸟。→I turned arund t see the same hummingbird _________________. 我转过身来,看到同一只蜂鸟在空中盘旋。
hvering in the air
高考真题训练1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) T eat ne, yu have t decide whether _______(bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), r t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue. 2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them ___________(lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their cntents. 3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _________(want) mre next time.
t be lifted
4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t ________ (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.5.(2023·全国甲卷) Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) ________(teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm. 6.(2023·全国甲卷) Her fable begins, ___________(brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.7.(2023·全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message _________(intend) fr everyne.
8.(2023·全国乙卷) ______________(visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing. 9.(2023·全国乙卷) As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years __________(recrd)everything I discvered.10.(2023·浙江高考1月) In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, ____________(surrund) in cncentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens f higher scial classes were permitted t live clser t the center f the circles.
Having visited
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) __________(cver) an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.12.(2022·新高考I卷) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___________(increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management. 13.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the _______(fall) child.
t increase
14.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside.He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up _______(see) them. 15.(2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ___________(jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft. 16.(2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ______(hld) in Beijing,Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.17.(2022·全国甲卷) He flew 4, 700 kilmeters frm Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept.20,_________ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
18.(2022·全国乙卷) ______________(strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, ________ (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts. 19.(2022·北京高考) Fearful that he might have an intentin _________(harm) her, Helen started t run. 20.(2022·北京高考) One thery, increasingly ___________(supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
T strengthen
考点1 非谓语动词的时态和语态【考题再现】①(2024·新乡模拟) Since the vlunteers were cut ff frm the utside wrld, they had t rely n their bdy clck t knw when _________(wake) up, g t sleep and eat. ②(2024·郑州模拟) “The __________(cmbine) length f the electric cables n the ship is mre than 4, 200 kilmeters, ” Chen said, _______(nte) that his shipyard has used a lt f advanced techniques and machinery t build the ship.③(2024·洛阳模拟) Because f the fact that the artifacts were very small in size, traditinally cnsidered t small _________(study), little was knwn abut the stne technlgy and tl making skills f these ancestrs.
【要点归纳】 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形式和-ed形式),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
非谓语动词的时态和语态一览表
1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。I gt a letter saying that I was admitted t a key university. The bridge t be built will be the lngest ne n this river.
2.时间先后关系根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 用非谓语动词的完成式。Hearing the inspiring news, they all jumped with jy.I seem t have invlved myself in smething I dn’t understand.
【要点巩固】①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C改编) The gal f this bk is _________(make) the case fr digital minimalism, including a _________(detail) explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw _________(adpt) this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. ②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷七选五改编) As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw _________(begin) an art jurney. ③(2023·浙江高考1月阅读B改编) I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, ________(share) hw cl I thught it wuld be _______(buy) grceries with jars, and have s little trash!
④(2023·全国甲卷阅读D改编) Their recvery has been s successful that the and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t de-list grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them ____________ (hunt). ⑤(2023·全国乙卷阅读D改编) Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) _________(drp) by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht.
t be hunted
考点2 非谓语动词作主语、表语【考题再现】①(2024·北京海淀模拟) It is believed that __________(receive) Sanfutie during the httest summer days is effective fr cughs, asthma, and arthritis.②(2024·汕头模拟) Secndly, _______(be) in China during the Spring Festival is an abslutely amazing event.③(2024·郑州模拟) China’s first large hme-made cruise ship(游轮), rughly the height f a 25-stry building, is __________(schedule) t be delivered t its user arund the end f this year.
【要点归纳】1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Listening t music is my sister’s hbby.T d this is t cut the ft t fit the she.
(2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有: It is/was n use/gd+ding sth.; It is/was nt any use/gd+ding sth.; It is/was f little use/gd+ding sth.; It is/was useless ding sth.; It’s a waste f time ding sth.;It is/was+adj.+fr sb.+t d sth.等。It was n use pretending that I had nt seen him, s I waved t him.It is n gd trying that methd, because it wn’t wrk.It is imprtant fr us t meet persnally althugh we have been in tuch in varius ways.
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语时意为“令人感到……的”, 而动词-ed形式作表语时意为“感到……的”。The aim f the festival is t increase awareness f Chinese culture and traditins.At first she was terrified,and then she pulled herself tgether.The radiatin f nuclear bmbing is terrifying.
【要点巩固】①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A改编) _________(cycle) is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights.②(2023·全国乙卷阅读C改编) Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is ___________(prduce) mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
③(2023·全国乙卷阅读C改编) Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that __________(watch) ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd.④(2023·全国乙卷阅读B改编) ________(live) in Iwa and _______(try) t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge.⑤(2023·全国乙卷阅读B改编) _______(be) at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语【考题再现】①(2024·沧州模拟) This culd prevent the fries frm ________(get) wet and rtting away during the 5-8 weeks’ jurney acrss the Atlantic Ocean.②(2024·开封模拟) List all f the tasks that yu need _____________(accmplish). ③(2024·秦皇岛模拟) A 10-year-ld by, Vidyun R Hebbar, has wn a prestigius (有声望的) internatinal wildlife phtgraphy cmpetitin fr his sht f a spider’s ________ (make) its web in the light f a passing tuk tuk.
t accmplish
【要点归纳】1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, risk, keep, keep n, avid, escape, enjy, cnsider, excuse, finish, miss, insist n, lk frward t, feel like, get dwn t, bject t等。2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:agree, intend, plan, demand, prmise, prepare, decide, refuse, chse, wish, hpe, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等。
【要点巩固】①(2024·保定模拟) While we d need t rely n quite a bit f self-prmtin t make thers aware f ur cmpetences, humblebraggers are knwn fr ________(mix) self-prmtin with humility r cmplaint.②(2024·沧州模拟) He chse _______(sell) the fries in Mnticell. ③(2024·平顶山模拟) A staff member explains the cutting f plantatin frests is mre like _________ (thin) when farmers plant crps.④(2024·新乡模拟) We hpe t better understand hw ur brains are capable f ________(find) new slutins, whatever the situatin.⑤(2022·全国乙卷完形改编) Yung children acrss the glbe enjy ________(play) games f hide and seek.
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语补足语【考题再现】①(2024·开封模拟) FRBs mstly nly appear nce, which makes them very hard ________ (track). ②(2024·秦皇岛模拟) A passing tuk tuk prvided the clrful backdrp t set ff the spider’s web, a netwrk f tangled threads that frmed a dme and made it difficult fr prey (猎物) __________(escape). ③(2024·平顶山模拟) Saihanba’s success has allwed this “miracle n earth” ____________(cpy) acrss the cuntry.
t be cpied
【要点归纳】1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, bserve, ntice, lk at, hear, listen t, feel)后面的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(d/ding/dne)。d表主动和完成(被动句中t还原),ding表主动或正在进行,dne表被动或完成。I heard her singing an English sng when I passed by.I didn’t ntice him get n the same bus.2.动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。The teacher had us make up cnversatins during classes.The teacher gt the students t lk up all the wrds they didn’t knw.
【要点巩固】①(2023·全国乙卷阅读D改编) Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things _______(tell) their stries. ②(2022·全国甲卷阅读C改编) As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself ________(greet) by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅)lnging t say hell.③He lked arund and caught a man _________(smke) in the crner.④He fund himself ____________(surrund) by a lt f peple when he wke up.⑤At first, she was very nervus.Hwever, with the prblems ________(settle), she felt much relieved.
考点5 非谓语动词作定语【考题再现】①(2024·保定模拟) A recent study, published in the Jurnal f Persnality and Scial Psychlgy, shws that peple chse t humblebrag as an attempt __________ (impress) thers. ②“Dragn Bat Racing” is als a classical dance drama _______(base) n several Guangdng musicians.③(2024·焦作模拟) The Great Wall is a place steeped in histry and has much ________(ffer) yu.
【要点归纳】1.动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。He was the last ne t leave schl yesterday.(主谓关系)She has a lt f wrk t d in the mrning.(动宾关系)【特别提示】动词不定式既可用主动形式也可用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。试比较:D yu have anything t buy?(动作的执行者是“你”)D yu have anything t be bught?(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)
(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the nly等修饰,且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。The best place t catch fish n a canal is clse t the lck.(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用不定式作后置定语,且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, pprtunity等。We shuld develp the students’ ability t slve prblems.【特别提示】在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。 Wuld yu please give me sme paper t write n?The shpping mall is a gd place t g.
2.动词-ing形式作定语当动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。The child standing ver there is my brther.【特别提示】当被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动语态作定语, 表示该动作的被动和进行。The huse being built ver there will be ur new library.
3.动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。The bk written by him is very ppular.【特别提示】作定语的非谓语动词的分词形式为ding和dne。ding表示正在进行; dne表示已经完成。biling water正在沸腾的水biled water开水
【要点巩固】①(2024·郑州模拟) It des this by drawing n infrmatin _________(cllect) frm a large crpus (语料库) f text data.②(2024·汕头模拟) In this way, yu’re ging t have a challenge that will give yu cnfidence ________(deal) with many ther things in this wrld. ③The stadium ________(shape) like a date palm bwl and an enamel lantern is the first mvable “green stadium”.④(2024·潮州模拟) The blue whale, __________(weigh) mre than even the biggest dinsaurs, is the largest animal that has ever lived.
⑤(2024·安阳模拟) During a decade f cntinuus develpment, Plant Species with Extremely Small Ppulatins (PSESP) was applied as a mdel ____________(cnserve) native plants in cuntries such as Italy, Russia, Mexic and Iraq.
考点6 非谓语动词作状语【考题再现】①(2024·广东模拟) ____________(integrate) bxing with dance, the musical drama “Missin Must Be Reached” mixes Lingnan-style music with rck & rll, pp music and rap.②(2024·北京丰台模拟) As it swims, its muscles mve, __________(result) in reflectins f many clrs.③(2024·郑州模拟) We plan t mve it ut f the dry dck in June ____________(cntinue) the fitting prcess.
Integrating
【要点归纳】1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等(1)作目的状语, 有时用in rder t或s as t,但s as t不用于句首。T enjy the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens start t use smart phnes.In rder t catch the train, she hurried thrugh her wrk.(2)作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构enugh t, t, , nly t等。Yu’re ld enugh t travel n the train by yurself.He was s flish as t leave his car unlcked.
(3)作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。He was surprised t find his rm thrughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect rder.【特别提示】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词(easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, gd, fit, cmfrtable等)后面作状语,构成“主语+be动词+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。The materials are sft and cmfrtable t wear.
2.动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语, 常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。We hear f wmen wh run away, leaving behind their hmes and families.(2020·天津高考) The dancer’s incredible perfrmance had the audience n its feet clapping fr 10 minutes at the end f the shw.【特别提示】动词不定式作结果状语时, 常表示意想不到的结果;而动词-ing形式作结果状语时, 常表示自然而然的结果。He hurried t the statin, nly t find the train had left.His father died, leaving him a lt f mney.
3.动词-ed形式作状语(1)动词-ed形式作状语, 分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(2020·江苏高考) Technlgical innvatins, cmbined with gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts.(2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化, 且往往用于一些系表结构中, 此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动, 也不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lst(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lst/absrbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……的), tired f(对……感到厌倦的)等。He hid his face in his hands again, lst in his wn thughts.He was a big man in his frties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.
【特别提示】有部分分词或不定式短语作状语,其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响,这种结构称为独立成分。常用的有cnsidering... (鉴于,考虑到); generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/frm...(从……来看,依据……来判断);suppsing that... (假定……); prviding that... (假定……);given that...(鉴于,由于……)。
4.独立主格结构(1)独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系;③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。(2)独立主格结构的构成:名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。Every mrning the ld man walks in the park, his pet dg fllwing him alng(=and his pet dg fllws him alng).She std there, her eyes lking upward int the sky and her hands crssed n her breast.
【要点巩固】①(2024·郑州模拟) The GPT mdels built by OpenAI cmbined Transfrmer with unsupervised learning, _________(mean) that the mdels can learn by themselves withut being tld what t lk at.②(2024·韶关模拟) But the waiter caught a glimpse f the imperial gwn (黄袍)underneath and rushed _______(tell) the chef with shck. ③(2024·开封模拟) ________(knw) as FRB121102, it was first discvered in 2012 and fund t repeat in 2015.
④(2023·全国乙卷七选五改编) Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt _______(d) much, but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme.⑤(2023·全国乙卷阅读A改编) She qualified as a surgen in 1813, then jined the British Army, ________(serve) verseas.
【特别提示】语法填空题非谓语动词考法1.三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且表示正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(ding);(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表示完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(dne);(3)若非谓语动词表示将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(t d)。
2.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式It’s+形容词+(fr/f sb.+) t d sth.; It’s n gd/use/pleasure ding sth.; find/think/believe/cnsider+it+adj.+t d sth.。3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词4.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等;(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式形式;(3)动词-ed形式作表语, 主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态, 含有被动的意思; 而动词-ing形式作表语,多表示主语具有的特征, 含有主动的意思。
运用非谓语动词对简单句和复杂句进行恰当转换,不仅显得句式多样,句子活泼,而且可使表达更简洁、更高级。非谓语动词在写作中的形式主要有ding、dne、having dne和with的复合结构,其作状语时,主要表示原因、结果或伴随状态。如2023年浙江高考1月读后续写:I turned arund t see the same hummingbird.我转过身来看到了同一只蜂鸟。→I turned arund t see the same hummingbird _________________. 我转过身来,看到同一只蜂鸟在空中盘旋。
hvering in the air
高考真题训练1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) T eat ne, yu have t decide whether _______(bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), r t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue. 2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them ___________(lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their cntents. 3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _________(want) mre next time.
t be lifted
4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t ________ (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.5.(2023·全国甲卷) Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) ________(teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm. 6.(2023·全国甲卷) Her fable begins, ___________(brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.7.(2023·全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message _________(intend) fr everyne.
8.(2023·全国乙卷) ______________(visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing. 9.(2023·全国乙卷) As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years __________(recrd)everything I discvered.10.(2023·浙江高考1月) In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, ____________(surrund) in cncentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens f higher scial classes were permitted t live clser t the center f the circles.
Having visited
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) __________(cver) an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.12.(2022·新高考I卷) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___________(increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management. 13.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the _______(fall) child.
t increase
14.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside.He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up _______(see) them. 15.(2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ___________(jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft. 16.(2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ______(hld) in Beijing,Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.17.(2022·全国甲卷) He flew 4, 700 kilmeters frm Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept.20,_________ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
18.(2022·全国乙卷) ______________(strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, ________ (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts. 19.(2022·北京高考) Fearful that he might have an intentin _________(harm) her, Helen started t run. 20.(2022·北京高考) One thery, increasingly ___________(supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
T strengthen
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