第07讲：完形填空之高分思路点拨-2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（上海专用）

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知识梳理
演练
【考情链接】
一、题型介绍
上海高考英语完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。
考查目标：词汇、语法等的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。
命题原则：是“以实词为主，虚词极少涉及，突出词汇语境化”。
题型特点：该题型难度大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型。
二、设题焦点
上下文直接信息题
词、句、文三结合理解题
词义辨析题
语法知识和固定短语考查题
行文逻辑和全文中心把握题
【要点梳理】
一、解题策略
1.语义优先于语法原则
文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，据此可以对所选短文的题材有大致理解，单纯的语法题已从该题型中彻底消失。所以理解文章的主旨大意，快速识别语篇类型(是议论文还是说明文，并进一步识别是其中具体某一类)，进而预判篇章结构以及作者的行文步骤和风格，心中有了大致的蓝图之后，即可结合以下各种解题技巧和对文章意思的理解对每个空格作出正确的判断。
2.词内选项句内找原则
从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。
二、解题技巧
解题技巧一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。
首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
（2024年宝山区二模）
Fr decades, peple have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human wrkers. But develpments in the past few years have ___41___ these cncerns as cmpanies have released AI that can answer questins, write articles and create images. Nw, even peple in creative fields must cnsider the ___42___ f AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI prgrams are n substitute fr human ability.
41. A. deniedB. preventedC. transferredD. intensified
42. A. functinB. pssibilityC. capabilityD. character
【答案】41. D 42. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人工智能的发展，它在某些领域中的应用，但是人工智能并不能完全取代人类。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着公司发布了可以问答问题、撰写文章和创建图像的人工智能，过去几年的发展加剧了这些担忧。A. denied否认；B. prevented阻止；C. transferred转移；D. intensified强化。根据下文“these cncerns as cmpanies have released AI that can answer questins, write articles and create images. Nw, even peple in creative fields must cnsider the ___42___ f AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI prgrams are n substitute fr human ability. (这些担忧是因为公司已经发布了可以回答问题、撰写文章和创建图像的人工智能。现在，即使是创意领域的人也必须考虑人工智能的___2___取代他们。但许多专家仍然坚持认为，这些人工智能程序不能替代人类的能力。)”可知，过去几年人工智能的发展加剧了这些担忧。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，即使是创意领域的人也必须考虑人工智能取代他们的可能性。A. functin功能；B. pssibility可能性；C. capability能力；D. character性格。根据上文“Fr decades, peple have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human wrkers. (几十年来，人们一直猜测人工智能（AI）最终将取代人类工人。)”及下文“But many experts still insist that these AI prgrams are n substitute fr human ability. (但许多专家仍然坚持认为，这些人工智能程序不能替代人类的能力。)”可知，此处表示考虑人工智能取代他们的可能性。故选B项。
解题技巧二：仔细推敲, 注意逻辑关系和过渡词。
做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到适当的逻辑关系。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。分为以下5种关系：
对立关系
包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but, hwever, yet, n the cntrary, by cntrast, unfrtunately, althugh, even thugh, nevertheless, in spite f, regardless f, anyhw, instead f, rather than, nt…but等。
因果关系
常用的标志词和短语有：because, fr, since, as, thus, hence, therefre, s, s…that, such…that, in rder that, cnsequently, accrdingly, due t, thanks t, in respnse t, n accunt f, because f, cnsidering that, seeing that, in that, nw that, as a result, fr this reasn等。
并列关系
常用的标志词和短语有：and, r, neither…nr, either…r, nt nly…but als, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is t say, as well as, the same…as等。
总分关系
常用的标志词和短语有：such as, fr example, fr instance, t illustrate, as an illustratin, t take an example, mre specifically等。
递进关系
常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additinally, in additin, furthermre, mrever, what is mre, what’s wrse, even wrse等。
（2024年崇明区二模）
Furthermre,___47___ research is needed t knw what effect the classrm visual envirnment has n children’s attentin and learning in real classrms,” Fisher said. “___48___, I wuld suggest that instead f remving all decratins, teachers shuld cnsider whether sme f their visual displays d make it difficult fr yung children t ___49___.”
47. A. additinalB. prirC. natinalD. independent
48. A. HweverB. BesidesC. TherefreD. Meanwhile
49. A. stretchB. adaptC. cncentrateD. explre
【答案】 47. A 48. C 49. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了心理学研究人员研究了课堂展示是否会影响儿童在教学过程中保持注意力和学习课程内容的能力。他们发现，与没有装饰的教室相比，在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，花更多的时间不在任务上，学习成绩也更差。研究人员希望这些发现将导致进一步的研究，以制定指导方针，帮助教师设计教室。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，还需要进一步的研究来了解课堂视觉环境对孩子们在真实课堂上的注意力和学习有什么影响。A. additinal额外的；B. prir优先的；C. natinal全国的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“We d nt suggest by any means that this is the answer t all educatinal prblems.”提到作者并不认为这是解决所有教育问题的办法。由此可知，此处说明还需要额外的研究来了解课堂视觉环境对孩子们在真实课堂上的注意力和学习有什么影响。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我建议老师们不要拆除所有的装饰，而是应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。A. Hwever然而；B. Besides此外；C. Therefre因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文提到的需要进一步研究课堂视觉环境对孩子们影响，结合下文“I wuld suggest that instead f remving all decratins…”由此可知，前后句是因果关系。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我建议老师们不要拆除所有的装饰，而是应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。A. stretch伸展；B. adapt适应；C. cncentrate专注于；D. explre探索。根据上文“a classrm’s ______ envirnment can affect hw much children learn”提到教室的视觉环境会影响孩子们的学习。由此可知，此处说明我建议老师们应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。故选C项。
解题技巧三：根据上下文逻辑关系，辨析词义。
（2024年奉贤区二模）
____25____ mney, all they culd affrd was sme PVC pipes and duct tape (强力胶布).____26____, they searched the city fr varius spare parts, gathering whatever they culd t bring their visin t life. With the teachers’ guidance and encuragement, they ____27____ tgether a rbt with n mre than metal and wires.
25. A. Reliant nB. Available tC. Shrt fD. Desperate fr
26. A. TherefreB. OtherwiseC. MreverD. Hwever
27. A. tiedB. piecedC. addedD. wrapped
【答案】 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四个来自贫困地区的学生参加水下机器人比赛并获胜的故事。
【25题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：由于缺钱，他们只能买得起一些PVC管和管道胶带。A. Reliant n依赖……；B. Available t可获得；C. Shrt f缺乏；D. Desperate fr渴望。根据后文“all they culd affrd was sme PVC pipes and duct tape”可知，由于缺钱，他们只能买得起一些PVC管和管道胶带。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们在城市里寻找各种备件，收集任何他们能把他们的愿景变为现实的东西。A. Therefre因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Mrever此外；D. Hwever然而。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用therefre。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在老师的指导和鼓励下，他们用金属和电线拼凑出了一个机器人。A. tied系；B. pieced拼凑；C. added增加；D. wrapped包裹。根据后文“tgether a rbt with n mre than metal and wires.”可知，此处指他们用金属和电线拼凑出了一个机器人。故选B。
解题技巧四：注意同形词或词组的辨析。
（2024年虹口区二模）
While the legal actin taken by Chile is the mst impactful and ____51____ t date, ther cuntries are cnsidering updating existing laws t face the new develpments in neurtechnlgies.
51. A. far-reachingB. labr-savingC. shrt-sightedD. ill-timed
【答案】 51. A
【解析】
本文为一篇说明文。德克萨斯大学进行的一项研究在神经科学和技术领域引发了冲击波。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然智利采取的法律行动是迄今为止最具影响力和影响深远的，但其他国家正在考虑更新现有法律，以应对神经技术的新发展。A. far-reaching影响深远的；B. labr-saving节省劳力的；C. shrt-sighted目光短浅的；D. ill-timed不合时宜的。根据“the mst impactful”可知，空处与形容词impactful并列，表示“影响深远的”，情感色彩一致。故选A项。
解题技巧五: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。
（2024年嘉定区二模）
Since his vide, the cncept has caught n rapidly amng the ____47____, wh are pinting ut that it has cme at a significant time when everything is uncntrllably expensive.
This trend helps yung peple mderate spending by _____50_____ the idea f living within budgets.”
a cl way fr the yunger generatin t _____55_____ their finances.
47. A. maleB. femaleC. yungD. ld
【答案】 47. C
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从他的视频发布以来，这个概念在年轻人中迅速流行起来，他们指出，这是在一个一切都不可控地变得昂贵的重要时刻出现的。A. male男性的；B. female女性的；C. yung年轻的；D. ld年老的。根据下文“but a cl way fr the yunger generatin t _______ their finances”可知，“大声预算”是年轻一代掌控自己财务状况的一种很酷的方式，这种理念很快在年轻人中流行起来。故选C。
（2023·上海金山·统考二模）
As a matter f fact, science has never been a(n) ___45___ effrt. Isaac Newtn std n the “shulders f giants”; Neil Armstrng’s “ne small step” was a dream realized by hundreds f thusands f engineers and scientists. Science is, and always has been, and repetitive prcess where individuals draw n discveries made by thers t ___(gradually)___ advance the bundaries f human knwledge.
45．A．terrificB．cnstantC．intellectualD．individual
【答案】D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章分析了诺贝科学奖存在的问题，并给出了解决办法。作者认为当一代科学家的成就被发扬光大，推动下一代科学家更上一层楼时，科学才能发挥最好的作用。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，科学从来不是个人的努力。A. terrific极好的；B. cnstant不断的；C. intellectual智力的；D. individual个人的。根据下文“Isaac Newtn std n the “shulders f giants”; Neil Armstrng’s “ne small step” was a dream realized by hundreds f thusands f engineers and scientists.( 艾萨克·牛顿站在“巨人的肩膀上”;尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”是成千上万工程师和科学家实现的梦想。)”可知，科学不是个人的努力。再下文“Science is, and always has been, and repetitive prcess where individuals draw n discveries made by thers”科学是个人利用他人的发现逐渐提高的， individuals 这个单词下文复现，故选D。
解题技巧六：注意固定搭配，常用句型及生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。
（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）
The majrity f America’s 700,000 r s eateries nw ____(distribute)____ by means f a delivery app. Mdern life makes peple rely mre n cnvenience fd, as mre wmen wrk and everybdy is ____44____ time. In ding s, it has als changed ne f Silicn Valley’s mst criticized business mdels.
Restaurants entered the digital wrld tw decades ag when Takeaway.cm in Eurpe and Grubhub in America put menus ____45____.
44．A．friendly tB．experienced inC．shrt fD．respnsible fr
45．A．utsideB．rightC．nlineD．free
【答案】44．C 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网上订餐的兴起和外卖公司面临的机遇和挑战。
44．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：现代生活使人们更加依赖于方便食品，因为越来越多的女性工作，每个人都缺乏时间。A. friendly t对……友好；B. experienced in在……方面有经验；C. shrt f缺乏；D. respnsible fr为……负责。根据句中“mre wmen wrk”可推知，根据生活常识可知：越来越多传统上负责准备食物的女性走向职场，所以大家时间都变得忙起来，都缺时间。故选C项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20年前，当欧洲的Takeaway. cm和美国的Grubhub将菜单放在网上时，餐馆进入了数字世界。A. utside外边的；B. right正确的；C. nline在线的，网上的；D. free免费的。根据句中“Restaurants entered the digital wrld”的背景知识可推知，Takeaway. cm和Grubhub将菜单放到网上。故选C项。
解题技巧七：仔细分析长难句，找出主从句等。
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）
Sme peple try t _____53_____ themselves frm the sng, and it wrks. Yu can try reading a bk, listening t a different sng r even playing an instrument. Others _____54_____ the tune in questin, because it is cmmnly believed that earwrms ccur when yu remember nly part f a sng; hearing the entire sng may stp it. Neurlgists (神经学家) pint ut that it’s recmmendable t chew gum t reduce the _____55_____ f an earwrm because jaw mvement interferes with musical memry. Hwever, it’s imprtant t nte that this phenmenn usually lasts less than 24 hurs.
53. A. perceiveB. islateC. distractD. identify
54. A. seek utB. act utC. cast utD. knck ut
55. A. prprtinB. intensityC. integrityD. preference
【答案】 53. C 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一直萦绕在人们脑海里的洗脑音乐的特点及摆脱它的一些方法。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人试图让自己从这首歌中分心，这很有效。A. perceive感知；B. islate孤立；C. distract使分心；D. identify识别。根据下文“Yu can try reading a bk, listening t a different sng r even playing an instrument.”可知，分散自己的注意力是一种有效方法。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一些人则会找出有问题的曲调，因为人们普遍认为，当你只记住一首歌的一部分时，洗脑音乐就会出现；听完整首歌可能会让它停下来。A. seek ut找出；B. act ut付诸行动；C. cast ut驱逐；D. knck ut击倒。根据后文“the tune in questin”可知，有些人会找出成为洗脑音乐的音乐片段，然后将歌曲完整听完试图停止脑海中的洗脑音乐。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：神经学家指出，建议嚼口香糖来减轻洗脑音乐的强度，因为下巴的运动会干扰
音乐记忆。A. prprtin比例；B. intensity强度；C. integrity完整；D. preference偏好。根据后文“because jaw mvement interferes with musical memry”可知，嚼口香糖可以减轻洗脑音乐的强度。故选B项。
附1：完形填空高频词汇
附2：完形填空常见形近词：
fer
cnfer商议； 2.ffer提供；3.differ与不同；4.infer推断；5.prefer更喜欢；6.suffer遭受；7.refer提及，参考；8.transfer转移
2.frm
1.infrm通知；2.perfrm表演、表现；3.platfrm站台；4.transfrm转变、变革；5.unifrm制服；
1.frmal正式的；2.frmer前者；3. infrmatin信息；4.frmat格式；5.frmula方程式；6.frmatin形成
3.pse
1.cmpse组成；2.dispse处置；3.depsit存钱；4.expse暴露；5.impse强加；6.ppse反对；7.prpse提议、求婚；8. purpse目的；9.suppse猜想、假设
4.fine
1.define下定义；2.refine提炼；3.cnfine局限于；4.infinite无限的；5.finite有限的；6.finish完成
5.quire
1.require要求；2.inquire打听，询问；3.acquire获得
6.serve
1.deserve值得；2.reserve预订；3.cnserve保留；4.preserve保存；5.cnservative保守的；6.bserve观察
7.vis
1.visin视力，远见；2.visual视觉的；3.visible可见的；4.televisin电视；5.visit参观；
1.revise修改；2.device装置；3.advise建议；4.supervise监督
8.scribe
1.describe描述；2.prescribe开处方；3.script手稿
9.prt
1.exprt出口；2.imprt进口；3.transprt运输；4. pprtunity机会；5.supprt支持；6.passprt护照
1.prtable可携带的；2.prtin部分；3.prprtin比例
10.part
1.partner伙伴；2.particular特别的；3.participate参与
11.pend
1.expend花费；2.depend依靠；3.suspend延缓；悬浮；4. indispensable不可或缺；5.expenditure花销
12.sume
1.assume猜想、承担；2.cnsume消耗、消费；3.presume假设；4.resume简历；重新开始
13.press
1.depress压抑；2.express表达；迅速的；3.impress给…印象；3.cmpress压缩；4.ppress压迫5.pressure压力
14.spect
1.aspect方面；2.respect尊敬，方面；3.perspective观点；4.suspect怀疑；5.prspect前景；6.inspect检查；7.expect期待
1.spectatr观众；2.spectacular壮观的
1.species物种；2.special特别的；3.specialized专门的；4.specific具体的；5.specify具体说明
15.vail
1.available可用的；2.prevail流行
16.lect
1.select挑选；2.elect选举；3.cllect收集；4.neglect忽视；5.intellect智力；6.dialect方言；7.reflect反映、反射
17.lieve
1.believe相信；2.relieve解放；3.achieve获得
18.verse
1.adverse不利的；2.diverse各种各样；3.universe宇宙的；4.reverse颠倒，倒转；5.cnverse交谈、相反的；6.university大学；7. versin版本，译本；8. anniversary周年纪念日
19.vlve
1.revlve旋转、革命；2.invlve包含、牵连；3.evlve进化
1.vlume数额、音量
20.ssin
1.passin激情；2.cmmissin佣金、委员会；3.missin使命；4.sessin议程
21.ill
1.mill作坊；2.pill药丸；3.spill溅；4.bill账单；5.till直到；6.thrill激动
22.mit
1.cmmit犯….错误；2.mit省略；3.limit限制；4.permit允许；5.emit泄漏，释放；6.transmit传播；7.submit提交、屈服于；8.summit峰会
23.sue
1.issue话题2.pursue追求3.tissue（肌肉）组织
24.ray
1.pray祷告；2.spray喷射；3.tray托盘；4.betray背叛；5.gray灰色
25.stance
1.instance事例；2.distance距离；3.substance物质；4.circumstance环境
26.stitute
1.cnstitute组成、宪法；2.institute机构；3.substitute代替；
27.tract
1.attract吸引；2.distract（使）分心；3.cntract签合同，收缩；4.abstract抽象的，摘要；5.subtract减；6.tractr拖拉机；7.extract提取：榨取
28.ceed
1.exceed超过；2.succeed成功、接替；3.prceed继续
29.cede
1.recede衰退；2.cncede给予；3.precede在..之前
30.struct
1.structure结构；2.instruct指导；3.cnstruct建筑；4.destruct毁灭
31.sist
1.assist协助；2.cnsist组成；3.resist反抗；4.persist坚持；5.insist坚持；6.sister姐妹
32.ash
1.clash碰撞；2.crash碰碎；3.smash粉碎
33.rrw
1.brrw借；2.narrw狭窄的；3.arrw剑；4.sparrw麻雀；5.srrw悲伤；6. tmrrw明天
34.llw
1.fellw伙伴；2.fllw跟随；3.hllw空心的；4.pillw枕头；5.yellw黄色的；6.allw允许；7.shallw浅的；8.swallw吞、燕子
35.tain
1.attain达到；2.cntain包含；3.btain获得；4.stain污渍；5.sustain支持、持续；6.entertain娱乐；7.retain滞留；8.maintain保持
36.ulate
1.stimulate刺激；2.accumulate积蓄；3.calculate计算；4.speculate推测；5.regulate调节；6.circulate循环
37.prise
1.cmprise组成；2.surprise惊讶；3.enterprise企业
38.fuse
1.cnfuse使..疑惑；2.refuse拒绝；3.diffuse熔化
39.gress
1.prgress进步；2.regress倒退；3.aggressive进攻性的；4.cngress国会
40.ventin
1.cnventin传统、会议；2.inventin发明；3.adventure冒险；4.interventin干预；5.prevent阻止；6.event大事件
课堂精练
演练
【精选】上海市2024年各区一模完形填空难题易错题剖析：
※2024一模·杨浦 ·50/51/52
Step 1: What is it that yu want t d
Decide what yu want t _____50_____ as small daily habits. Next, think abut hw and when yu will d this. _____51_____, cnsider the habits that affect happiness negatively and that yu want t break. Like me, d yu want t _____52_____ eating lunch at yur desk and get utside instead?
50. A. buryB. changeC. addD. delete
51. A. GenerallyB. AlternativelyC. EventuallyD. Initially
52. A. enjyB. imagineC. delayD. stp
【答案】50. C 51. B 52. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是大脑的习惯是如何形成的以及如何在生活中形成快乐的习惯。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：决定你想要增加哪些日常小习惯。A. bury埋葬；B. change改变；C. add添加；D. delete删除。根据在上文中的“The brain adds a rutine f behaviurs tgether s they all happen ____7____ in sequence when activated by a signal (that rumbling stmach) t get us t a reward (my lunch)”可知，大脑会把这些行为加起来，在发出信号时会做出相应的行为，由此可知，要形成快乐的习惯就需要决定想要“添加”那些日常习惯。要故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：或者，考虑一下那些对幸福有负面影响的习惯，你想要改掉这些习惯。A. Generally一般，通常；B. Alternatively要不，或者；C. Eventually最终；D. Initially最初。根据上文中的“Next, think abut hw and when yu will d this.”以及下文中的“cnsider the habits that affect happiness negatively and that yu want t break.”可知，两者 之间为选择关系，所以此处应使用“或者”符合逻辑。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：和我一样，你也想停止在办公桌前吃午餐，到户外去吃吗？A. enjy享受；B. imagine想象；C. delay推迟；D. stp停止。根据下文中的“and get utside instead?”可知，取而代之的是去户外吃饭，所以此处指的是“停止”在办公桌前吃饭，符合语境。故选D项。
※ 2024一模·浦东·53
Evaprated water cls ht air, a prcess knwn as evaprative cling which is ____52____ in Huizhu skywells. In the past, Huizhu families cllected rainwater in their skywells because they believed this culd safeguard and bst their wealth. Skywells therefre have channels arund them t ____53____ rainwater cming frm the rfs.
53.A. cllectB. purifyC. drainD. evaprate
【答案】53. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了天井这一传统结构的起源和发展，阐述了天井的实际功能，并表明了在当今中国传统建筑恢复存在的背景下，天井又开始出现在人们视野当中。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，天井周围有排水沟，用来排出屋顶的雨水。A. cllect收集；B. purify净化；C. drain排水； D. evaprate蒸发。根据前文“In the past, Huizhu families cllected rainwater in their skywells because they believed this culd safeguard and bst their wealth.”以及转折词hwever可知后句与前句构成对立关系，可推知现在不再收集雨水，而是将雨水排出。故选C项。
※ 2024一模·闵行 ·50
A recent study f crss-cultural bservatinal data lasting the past 100 years—much f which was ___50___ by Man the Hunter cntributrs—fund that wmen frm a wide range f cultures hunt animals fr fd. 79 percent f the 63 scieties with clear descriptins f their hunting strategies reprtedly feature wmen ___51___. The wmen are invlved in hunting regardless f their childbearing status.
50. A. qutedB. ignredC. cllectedD. stred
【答案】 50. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究认为女性也是人类历史中重要的狩猎者，而不只是男性。文章详述了研究的过程
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近一项对过去100年的跨文化观察数据的研究发现，来自不同文化背景的女性都以捕猎动物为食，其中很多都被“男性狩猎”的贡献者忽略了。A. quted引用；B. ignred忽略；C. cllected收集；D. stred存储。根据后文的“by Man the Hunter cntributrs”以及“wmen frm a wide range f cultures hunt animals fr fd”可知，来自不同文化背景的女性都以捕猎动物为食，这件事被“男性是狩猎”的贡献者忽略了。故选B项。
※ 2024一模·宝山·42
Ideally, childhd is a time f grwth and learning, preparing fr adulthd and als having fun. But fr many children arund the wrld, this time is cut shrt when they are frced t wrk, smetimes in dangerus cnditins. ___41___, the United Natins (U.N.), sme natinal gvernments and ther rganizatins ___42___ June 12 as the annual Wrld Day Against Child Labr.
42. A. recgnizeB. discverC. chseD. cnsider
【答案】 42. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了理想情况下，童年是一个成长和学习的时期，为成年做准备，也有乐趣。但对于世界各地的许多儿童来说，当他们被迫工作，有时在危险的条件下工作时，这段时间就缩短了。因此，联合国、一些国家政府和其他组织将每年的6月12日定为世界无童工日。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，联合国、一些国家政府和其他组织将每年的6月12日定为世界无童工日。A. recgnize认定；B. discver发现；C. chse选择；D. cnsider考虑。根据句意以及该句中的“June 12 as the annual Wrld Day Against Child Labr.”由此可知，此处应表示联合国、一些国家政府和其他组织将每年的6月12日定为世界无童工日。故选A项。
※ 2024一模·嘉定·47
Remember that interviews are mre abut making strng____47____than prving qualificatins. This is a tw-step prcess that will require sme hmewrk. First, identify what the rganizatin specifically needs frm this rle. Secnd, ____48____yur respnse t psitin yurself as the best persn t fill that need.
A. transitinsB. judgmentsC. matchesD. distributins
【答案】47. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何从面试官的广泛问题中展示自己的亮点以满足其需求。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：记住，面试更多的是为了找到强有力的匹配，而不是证明你的资格。A. transitins过渡；B. judgments判断；C. matches匹配；D. distributins分配。根据下文的“psitin yurself as the best persn t fill that need”可知，组织需要一个最适合的人，说明了面试官要寻找为组织发展壮大所匹配的人才，故选C项。
※ 2024一模·普陀·53/55
“The scientific evidence is ____53____ -- we will cntinue t see mre climate recrds and mre intense and frequent extreme weather events impacting sciety and ecsystems, until we stp ____54____ greenhuse gases,” read a statement frm Samantha Burgess, deputy directr f the Eurpean Unin’s Cpernicus Climate Change Service, which als ____55____ that this summer was the httest n recrd.
53. A. irresistibleB. unchangeableC. inaccessibleD. unbearable
54. A. cnveyingB. releasingC. relievingD. dismissing
55. A. predictedB. expectedC. dubtedD. determined
【答案】53. A 54. B 55. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国国家海洋和大气管理局的研究人员表示，上个月全球表面温度比20世纪的平均温度60.1度高出2.25度，打破了自2016年8月以来的记录，高出了半度以上。同时，文章也讲述了全球气温升高带来的一系列问题。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学证据是不可抗拒的。A. irresistible不可抗拒的；B. unchangeable无法改变的；C. inaccessible难到达的；D. unbearable无法忍受的。根据下文“we will cntinue t see mre climate recrds and mre intense and frequent extreme weather events”可知，我们将继续看到更多的气候记录和更强烈、更频繁的极端天气事件，因此科学证据是不可抗拒的。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们将继续看到更多的气候记录和更强烈、更频繁的极端天气事件影响社会和
生态系统，直到我们停止释放温室气体。A. cnveying传达；B. releasing释放；C. relieving减轻；D. dismissing解雇。根据上文提到的我们将继续看到更多的气候记录和更强烈、更频繁的极端天气事件影响社会和生态系统，以及下文“greenhuse gases”可推知，直到我们停止释放温室气体，这些情况才有可能有所改观。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该中心也确定今年夏天是有记录以来最热的。A. predicted预计；B. expected期待；C. dubted怀疑；D. determined确定。根据下文“this summer was the httest n recrd”和als可知，该中心也确定今年夏天是有记录以来最热的。故选D项。
※ 2024一模·黄浦·46/47
Often, we lve fd because we have____46____ memries assciated with it. My mm’s mashed ptates (土豆泥) remind me f hliday jy and past reunins with extended family. We are als drawn t fds we were given early in life by peple wh cared fr us, which can help explain ur____47____ lve fr chicken ndle sup, which many parents feed their sick children t make them feel better.
46.A. culturalB. fndC. phtgraphicD. shared
47.A. cllectiveB. creativeC. lstD. parental
【答案】 46. B 47. A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者对妈妈做的土豆泥的喜爱以及食物之所以能起到安慰的作用是因为它和回忆有关。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，我们喜欢食物是因为我们有与之相关的美好回忆。A. cultural文化的；B. fnd美好的；C. phtgraphic摄影的；D. shared共同的。根据上文“Much f the happiness we get frm ur favrite fds cmes frm the memries”可知，我们喜欢食物是因为我们有与之相关的美好回忆。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们也会被小时候照顾我们的人给我们的食物所吸引，这有助于解释我们对鸡肉面条的集体喜爱，许多父母给生病的孩子喂鸡汤，让他们感觉好一点。A. cllective集体的；B. creative有创造性的；C. lst迷失的；D. parental父母的。根据下文“which many parents feed their sick children t make them feel better”可知，很多父母给生病的孩子喂鸡汤，所以我们对鸡肉面条有集体喜爱。故选A。
课后反馈
演练
When Harry tld me that he was leaving the cmpany, ne f the first things he said t me was that he didn’t like emtinal gdbyes. I have decided t take him at his wrd. Everything yu will hear me say tnight is straightfrward and ____21____, just like the man himself.
Harry has been in the finance department fr seven years. In that time, he has nt dne anything remtely ____22____. I asked several peple if they had anecdtes (轶事) abut him, and the best they culd cme up with is that he nce accidentally changed a frmula in the annual budget spreadsheet. Since the ____23____ was quickly sptted and fixed, it had n impact at all.
Will Harry be ____24____? Nt at all, thugh fr reasns that he may nt fully grasp. This is an evening in which the persn wh is leaving receives presents (as well as a card frm peple whse names yu dn’t recgnize but wh just lved wrking with yu). But the ____25____ ges bth ways. The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present: a cnvenient scapegat (替罪羊).
When smene dies, the cnventin is nt t speak ill f the departed. When an emplyee ____26____ a cmpany, it’s the ppsite. Things that dn’t wrk as well as they shuld can be laid at the dr f smene wh wn’t ____27____. Frustratins that have been suppressed can finally be blamed n smene. When we speak f yu, we will say things like “Harry had many strengths but...”, and we will ____28____ urselves that yu held us back a bit. This will nt be true, but it will be ____29____. I’d like t take this pprtunity t tell yu that we are grateful fr this _____30_____ act f service, which can last fr as lng as a year after smene has actually left the building. After that, memries tend t fade. I wish I culd prmise yu that yu are part f cmpany flklre, r that yur rle in banning plastic straws frm the ffice will ring thrugh the ages. _____31_____, the nly guarantee I can give is that n ne here will ever read yur exit-interview ntes.
This may all seem a little _____32_____. Yu have spent many years at the cmpany, and yet will prbably _____33_____. But in spite f that, yu shuld still feel _____34_____ in yur time here. T have dne yur wrk well and t leave at a time f yur chsing are achievements that are beynd mst peple. S please raise yur glasses t Harry. He has been an excellent clleague and wn’t really be _____35_____.
21. A. ff the guardB. t the pintC. in the swingD. n the hrizn
22. A. funnyB. impressiveC. crrectD. creative
23. A. breakdwnB. discveryC. mistakeD. crack
24. A. hatedB. rememberedC. adredD. frgtten
25. A. impactB. exchangeC. ceremnyD. end
26. A. jinsB. fundsC. refrmsD. exits
27. A. cme upB. answer backC. leave ffD. back away
28. A. persuadeB. infrmC. remindD. cautin
29. A. pintlessB. cnsequentialC. significantD. cnvenient
30. A. selflessB. grandC. finalD. accidental
31. A. InsteadB. OtherwiseC. BesidesD. Therefre
32. A. weirdB. amusingC. excitingD. sad
33. A. make n differenceB. leave little traceC. have sme sayD. prduce much impact
34. A. regretB. guiltC. prideD. pain
35. A. missedB. replacedC. erasedD. blamed
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，作者在Harry的离职派对上做了一个诚实的关于离职本质的演讲。
【21题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：今晚你将听到我说的一切都是坦率且简洁中肯的，就像他本人一样。A. ff the guard不提防，不警戒；B. t the pint简明恰当，简洁中肯；C. in the swing融入；D. n the hrizn在地平线上。根据空前and前的“straightfrward”和空后的“just like the man himself”可知，作者说的话非常坦率，就像Harry本人一样，所以这些话也应该非常简洁中肯。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，他没有做过任何有趣的事。A. funny有趣的；B. impressive令人敬佩的；C. crrect正确的；D. creative创造（性）的。根据下文中的“I asked several peple if they had anecdtes(轶事) abut him, and the best they culd cme up with is that he nce accidentally changed a frmula in the annual budget spreadsheet.(我问几个人是否有关于他的轶事，他们能想到的最好的轶事是，他曾经不小心更改了年度预算表格中的一个公式。)”可知，作者曾问过其他人是否知道一些Harry的轶事，但大家都没想出来什么特别的事情，所以这里是说他没有做过任何有趣的事。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于这个错误很快就被发现并修复了，所以根本没有影响。A. breakdwn故障，损坏；B. discvery发现；C. mistake错误；D. crack裂纹，裂缝。根据上文中的“he nce accidentally changed a frmula in the annual budget spreadsheet”可知，他曾经不小心更改了年度预算表格中的一个公式，这是工作中的一个错误。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Harry会被遗忘吗? A. hated讨厌；B. remembered记得；C. adred热爱，爱慕；D. frgtten忘记。根据后句“Nt at all, thugh fr reasns that he may nt fully grasp.(一点也不会，尽管他可能没有完全理解其中的原因。)”可知，后句是对前面提问的否定，再结合前文描述的Harry没有做过让人印象深刻的有趣的事可知，这里承接上文，提出这个人会不会被人们遗忘的问题，并引出下文否定的回答。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这种交换是双向的。A. impact影响；B. exchange交换；C. ceremny仪式；D. end结尾。前文“This is an evening in which the persn wh is leaving receives presents”讲述了离职的人会收到别人送的礼物，后文“The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present”讲述了离职的人也会给大家一个分别的礼物，所以这是种双向的交换。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一名员工离开一家公司时，情况正好相反。A. jins参加；B. funds创建；C. refrms改革，改良；D. exits离去，退场。根据空后的“a cmpany”并结合第一段中的“Harry tld me that he was leaving the cmpany”可知，这里是说一个员工离开公司。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有发挥应有效果的事情可以归咎于不会辩解的人。A. cme up被提及；B. answer back辩解，顶嘴；C. leave ff停止，中断；D. back away避免，退避。根据上文中的“The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present: a cnvenient scapegat(替罪羊).(离开的人也有他们自己的临别礼物：一个方便的替罪羊。)”可知，离职的人会成为别人的替罪羊，当事情没做好时，因为这个人已经离开，所以把责任归咎到他身上也不会有任何辩解。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们谈到你的时候，我们会说“Harry有很多优势，但是……”之类的话，我们会说服自己，你有点妨碍我们了。”A. persuade说服，劝说；B. infrm通知；C. remind提醒；D. cautin警告，告诫。根据空后的“that yu held us back a bit”和上文中的“Frustratins that have been suppressed can finally be blamed n smene.(压抑已久的沮丧情绪终于可以归咎于某个人了。)”可知，大家是故意把责任归咎给离职的人，所以会在心底里说服自己。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不会是真的，但这会很方便。A. pintless无意义的；B. cnsequential随之而来的；C. significant有重大意义的；D. cnvenient方便的。but前后表示转折，根据前面“This will nt be true”并结合前文中的“a cnvenient scapegat(替罪羊)”可知，虽然这不是真的，但是这么做却很方便。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想借此机会告诉你，我们很感谢你为我们提供的最后服务，它会在有人真的离开这栋楼之后持续一年之久。A. selfless无私的；B. grand壮丽的；C. final最后的；D. accidental意外的。根据空后的“act f service”和前文中的“The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present: a cnvenient scapegat(替罪羊).(离开的人也有他们自己的临别礼物：一个方便的替罪羊。)”可知，离开的人成为方便的替罪羊，这是这个人送给其他人的分别礼物，也可以说是最后能提供的服务。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我唯一能保证的是，这里没有人会看你的离职采访记录。A. Instead反而，却；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides而且，此外；D. Therefre因此。前文“I wish I culd prmise yu that yu are part f cmpany flklre, r that yur rle in banning plastic straws frm the ffice will ring thrugh the ages.(我希望我能向你保证，你是公司传说的一部分，或者你在禁止办公室使用塑料吸管方面所扮演的角色将会流传千古。)”讲述了作者不能保证离职的人能够永远被人铭记，后文“the nly guarantee I can give is that n ne here will ever read yur exit-interview ntes”讲述了作者只能保证没有人会看他的离职采访记录，前后之间是转折替代关系，应用instead。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能看起来有点悲哀。A. weird奇异的，不寻常的；B. amusing逗人笑的；C. exciting令人激动的；D. sad悲伤的。根据上文“After that, memries tend t fade.(在那之后，记忆就会渐渐淡去。)”和“the nly guarantee I can give is that n ne here will ever read yur exit-interview ntes”可知，离职的人不会给公司留下太多的记忆，唯一不会变的就是没有人会翻看这个人的离职采访记录，所以这种现实让人觉得有点悲哀。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：你已经在这家公司工作了很多年，但可能不会留下太多的痕迹。A. make n difference没有影响，不起作用；B. leave little trace留下很少痕迹；C. have sme say有发言权；D. prduce much impact产生许多影响。and yet前后是转折关系，前文“Yu have spent many years at the cmpany”说在公司工作了许多年，后面应是说到最后离开时却没有留下多少痕迹。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但尽管这样，你还是应该为你在这里的时光感到骄傲。A. regret遗憾；B. guilt愧疚；C. pride骄傲，自豪；D. pain痛苦。根据前面的“in spite f that”可知，这里表示虽然在公司没有留下太多痕迹，但还是应该为自己在公司的时光感到骄傲。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一直是一位优秀的同事，大家不会真的想念他。A. missed想念；B. replaced代替；C. erased清除，消除；D. blamed责怪。根据前文中的“The leavers have a parting gift f their wn t present: a cnvenient scapegat(替罪羊).(离开的人也有他们自己的临别礼物：一个方便的替罪羊。)”和“Yu have spent many years at the cmpany, and yet will prbably ______.(你已经在这家公司工作了很多年，但可能不会留下太多的痕迹。)”可知，离职的人会成为其他人的替罪羊，而且不会在公司留下太多痕迹，所以Harry离开后并不会有人真的想念他。故选A。

【2024-2025学年上海七宝中学高三上学期英语月考卷】
Befre 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been dne in hmes r shps by skilled artisans. As master craft wrkers, they imparted the knwledge f their trades t apprentices (学徒) and jurneymen (熟练工). ____21____ wmen ften wrked in their hmes part-time, making finished articles frm raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 1815 this lder frm f manufacturing began t ____22____ factries with machinery tended by unskilled r semiskilled labrers. ____23____ transprtatin netwrks, the rise f cities, and the availability f capital and credit all stimulated the shift t factry prductin.
Apprentices were cnsidered part f the family, and masters were respnsible nt nly fr teaching their apprentices a trade but als fr prviding them with sme educatin and fr ____24____ their mral behavir. Jurneymen knew that if they ____25____ their skill, they culd becme respected master artisans with their wn shps. Als, skilled artisans did nt wrk by the clck.
The factry changed that. Gds prduced by factries were nt as finished r elegant as thse dne by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way t the ____26____ t increase rates f prductivity. The new methds f ding business invlved a new and stricter sense f time. Absenteeism and lateness hurt prductivity and, since wrk was specialized, ____27____ the regular factry rutine. Industrializatin nt nly prduced a fundamental change in the way wrk was rganized; it ____28____ the very nature f wrk.
The first generatin t experience these changes did nt adpt the new attitudes easily. The factry clck became the symbl f the new wrk rules. One mill wrker wh finally ____29____ cmplained revealingly abut “bedience t the ding-dng f the bell-just as thugh we are s many living machines.” With the ____30____ f persnal freedm als came the lss f standing in the cmmunity. Unlike artisan wrkshps in which apprentices wrked ____31____ with the masters supervising them, factries sharply separated wrkers frm management. Few wrkers rse thrugh the ranks t supervisry psitins, and even well-paid wrkers sensed their ____32____ in status.
In this newly emerging ecnmic rder, wrkers smetimes rganized t prtect their rights and traditinal ways f life. The labr mvement gathered sme mmentum (动力，势头) in the decade befre the Panic f 1837, but in the depressin that fllwed, labr’s strength ____33____. During hard times, few wrkers were willing t strike r ____34____ cllective actin. And skilled craft wrkers, wh led the unin mvement, did nt feel a particularly strng bnd with semiskilled factry wrkers and unskilled labrers. Mre than a decade f agitatin (激烈争论) did finally bring a wrkday shrtened t 10 hurs t mst industries by the 1850s’, and the curts als recgnized wrkers’ right t strike, but these ____35____ had little immediate impact.
21. A. OtherwiseB. MreverC. HweverD. Therefre
22. A. give way tB. make up frC. get rid fD. end up with
23. A. ExpensiveB. PublicC. DifficultD. Cheap
24. A. displayingB. supervisingC. respectingD. predicting
25. A. sharedB. assessedC. perfectedD. applied
26. A. pressureB. hatredC. freedmD. disappintment
27. A. fllwedB. brkeC. establishedD. fixed
28. A. ignredB. demandedC. guaranteedD. transfrmed
29. A. succeededB. recveredC. quittedD. revenged
30. A. restratinB. changeC. lssD. prtectin
31. A. clselyB. efficientlyC. independentlyD. diligently
32. A. stabilityB. independenceC. declineD. security
33. A. maintainedB. develpedC. returnedD. cllapsed
34. A. prtest againstB. give upC. accunt frD. engage in
35. A. emphasesB. limitsC. evidencesD. gains
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文属于说明文，文章描述了美国从1815年前后制造业从传统的手工艺生产方式向机械化、工厂化生产方式转变的历史过程。文章详细介绍了这一转型对工作组织方式、工人地位及劳资关系等方面的影响，同时也反映了早期劳动者的抵抗和劳工运动的发展。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，妇女经常在家里兼职，用商业资本家提供的原料制作成品。A. Otherwise否则；B. Mrever此外；C. Hwever然而；D. Therefre因此。根据上文“Befre 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been dne in hmes r shps by skilled artisans. As master craft wrkers, they imparted the knwledge f their trades t apprentices (学徒) and jurneymen (熟练工). ”和下文“wmen ften wrked in their hmes part-time, making finished articles frm raw material supplied by merchant capitalists”可知，1815年以前，美国的制造业是由熟练的工匠在家里或商店里完成的。作为手艺大师，他们将自己的手艺传授给学徒和熟练工，下文是对上文1815年以前，美国的制造业状况的补充说明，用Mrever。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：1815年后，这种旧的生产形式开始让位于由非熟练或半熟练工人操作机器的工厂。A. give way t让位于；B. make up fr弥补；C. get rid f摆脱；D. end up with以……结束。根据下文“factries with machinery tended by unskilled r semiskilled labrers”可知，此处描述的是生产方式的变化，即传统生产方式被新的生产方式取代。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：廉价的交通网络、城市的兴起以及资本和信贷的可获得性都刺激了向工厂生产的转变。A. Expensive昂贵的；B. Public公共的；C. Difficult困难的；D. Cheap便宜的。根据下文“transprtatin netwrks, the rise f cities, and the availability f capital and credit all stimulated the shift t factry prductin”和常识可知，工业革命时期交通成本降低，即廉价的交通网络，有助于促进商品运输和市场扩展。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学徒被认为是家庭的一部分，师傅不仅要负责教学徒一门手艺，还要为他们提供一些教育，并监督他们的道德行为。A. displaying展示；B. supervising监督；C. respecting尊敬；D. predicting预测。根据上文“masters were respnsible nt nly fr teaching their apprentices a trade but als fr prviding them with sme educatin and fr”和下文“their mral behavir”可知，师傅有责任确保学徒的行为符合社会道德标准，即师傅监督学徒的道德行为。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：熟练工知道如果他们完善自己的技能，就可以成为受人尊敬的大师级工匠，并拥有自己的店铺。A. shared分享；B. assessed评估；C. perfected完善；D. applied应用。根据下文“their skill, they culd becme respected master artisans with their wn shps”可知，熟练工通过提高自己的技术水平，即完善自己的技能，达到职业上的成功。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：工厂生产的产品不像手工生产的那样完美和优雅，对工艺的自豪感让位于提高生产率的压力。A. pressure压力；B. hatred仇恨；C. freedm自由；D. disappintment失望。根据上文“pride in craftsmanship gave way t the”和下文“t increase rates f prductivity”可知，这里指工业生产中更加注重效率而非产品质量或个人成就，即，对工艺的自豪感让位于提高生产率的压力。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：旷工和迟到影响了生产力，而且由于工作是专业化的，也打破了工厂的常规。A. fllwed跟随；B. brke破坏，打破；C. established建立；D. fixed固定。根据上文“Absenteeism and lateness hurt prductivity and, since wrk was specialized”和下文“the regular factry rutine”可知，这里描述的是工人迟到等行为对工厂运作的影响，旷工和迟到影响了生产力，打破了工厂的常规。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：工业化不仅使工作组织方式发生了根本变化；它改变了工作的本质。A. ignred忽略；B. demanded要求；C. guaranteed保证；D. transfrmed改变。根据上文“Industrializatin nt nly prduced a fundamental change in the way wrk was rganized”和下文“the very nature f wrk”可知，工业化不仅使工作组织方式发生了根本变化，这里强调的是工业革命对工作性质的根本性影响，它改变了工作的本质。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位最终辞职的工厂工人透露地抱怨说：“对叮当作响的钟的顺从，就好像我们是许多活的机器一样。”A. succeeded成功；B. recvered恢复；C. quitted退出，离开，辞职；D. revenged复仇。根据下文“cmplained revealingly abut “bedience t the ding-dng f the bell-just as thugh we are s many living machines.””可知，某位工人很不适应新的工作环境，最终辞职。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着个人自由的丧失，他们在社区中的地位也随之下降。A. restratin恢复；B. change变化；C. lss丧失；D. prtectin保护。根据上文“bedience t the ding-dng f the bell-just as thugh we are s many living machines”和下文“f persnal freedm”可知，这里指的是个人在工业时代失去了相对于传统手工艺时代的某些自由。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不像手工艺作坊中徒弟与师傅近距离监督工作，工厂严格区分了工人和管理层。A. clsely紧密地；B. efficiently高效地；C. independently独立地；D. diligently勤奋地。根据上文“Apprentices were cnsidered part f the family, and masters were respnsible nt nly fr teaching their apprentices a trade but als fr prviding them with sme educatin”和“artisan wrkshps in which apprentices wrked”可知，这里强调的是手工艺作坊中师徒之间的密切关系。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很少有工人能晋升到主管职位，甚至高薪工人也感到自己的地位在下降。A. stability稳定性；B. independence独立性；C. decline下降；D. security安全性。根据上文“Few wrkers rse thrugh the ranks t supervisry psitins, and even well-paid wrkers sensed their”可知，这里指的是工人在工业时代相对地位的下降。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在1837年大恐慌之前的十年里，劳工运动积聚了一些势头，但在随后的大萧条中，劳工的力量崩溃了。A. maintained维持；B. develped发展；C. returned返回；D. cllapsed崩溃。根据上文“The labr mvement gathered sme mmentum (动力，势头) in the decade befre the Panic f 1837, but in the depressin that fllwed, labr’s strength”和下文“During hard times, few wrkers were willing t strike”可知，这里指的是经济危机对劳工运动的影响，即经济危机期间劳工的力量崩溃了，很少有工人愿意罢工或参与集体行动。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在困难时期，很少有工人愿意罢工或参与集体行动。A. prtest against抗议；B. give up放弃；C. accunt fr解释；D. engage in参与。根据上文“During hard times, few wrkers were willing t strike r”可知，这里描述的是经济衰退期间工人的反应，很少有工人愿意罢工或参与集体行动。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过十多年的努力争取，到1850年代大多数行业的工作时间缩短到了10小时，法庭也承认了工人罢工的权利，但这些胜利几乎没有立即产生影响。A. emphases重点；B. limits限制；C. evidences证据；D. gains收益，胜利，成果。根据上文“Mre than a decade f agitatin (激烈争论) did finally bring a wrkday shrtened t 10 hurs t mst industries by the 1850s’, and the curts als recgnized wrkers’ right t strike, but these”可知，这里指的是劳动运动取得的一些胜利。故选D。
2021年1月春考
完型填空来源:2017年1月《洛杉矶时报（LATimes）》，讲述电动车作为l绿色通勤方式
The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta,is the river valley hill. It's nt particularly steep,but at abut a mile lng,I rarely climbed up withut arriving with sweat. Studies have shwn the prspect f arriving at wrk sweaty is ne f the biggest (41)______ t getting wuld-be bike cmmuters ut f their cars. That's especially true in a city like Ls Angeles,where(42)__ may face lng rutes , hills r ht streets with a lack f shade.
"Pedelec",r pedal electric-assisted bikes like the ne I rde,can end that wrry. They lk and act like traditinal bicycles,but their mtrs make pedaling much easier when required. Smetimes called the mst energy-efficient mtrized mde f transprtatin ever built, they're als incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the utdated attitude that sees bikes nly as a recreatinal athletic pprtunity rather than a practical (43)____ ptin.
At a time when cities acrss Nrth America are struggling t cmbat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissins,e-bikes have the(44) ______ t ease the bth prblems. And yet ridership has yet t truly(45)____.Abut 152,000 e-bikes were sld last year in the U.S.,a figure that wuld be mre than 5 millin if Americans used them at the same rate as western Eurpeans.
Many f the barriers t e-bike (46) ______in Nrth America are legislative. Patchwrk rules treat e-bikes mre like mpeds than traditinal pedal bikes in sme jurisdictins,meaning they are(47)_frm bike lanes and frm barding public transprtatin.
Few places n the cntinent,(48) ______, are better pised t break thrugh barriers than Califrnia. Legislatin was apprved last year t encurage e-bike use,by legally differentiating the cycles frm mpeds. In an attempt t head ff wrries abut turbcharged machines flying dwn sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds,the law classifies bikes int different tiers t (49)___ lwer-speed e-bikes,which tp ut at 20 mph,frm faster-mving"speed pedelecs",which are restricted frm prtected bike paths.
Amid these legislative (50)____, e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer. Finding them in bike shps isn't as(51)____ as it nce was,and their cst has fallen as the price f lithium-in batteries has drpped.Tday,a decent e-bike,while still (52)___, is cmparable in price t a high-end muntain bike. After years f (53)________ver mixing pedal and mtr pwer, cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive directr f the Califrnia Bicycle Calitin, (54)_______ the state's new legislatin based partly n the(55)_______that e-bikes help ut thse wh"just can't ride as far r as fast as they need t".
B.prcesses C.barriers D.cmplements
42. A.ridersB.builders C.custmersD.vlunteers
B. cmmunicatin C.facilities D.transprtatin
B.ptential C.temprary D.majr
44.A. make f B.carry n C.bring up D.take ff
B.adptin C.adjustment D.justificatin
B.alerted C.banned D.authrized
B.unless C.meanwhile D.anyway
B.cmbine C.separate D.satisfy
B.benefits C.limits D.damages
B.critical C.sensatinal D.difficult
B.distinctive C.sensitive D.intensive
B.cncern C.pwer D.scale
B.flded C.referred D.gifted
B.address C.amunt D.advcate
【答案】
41-45. CADBD BCACB DABAD
试题分析
41. C【解析】根据上文所提及的有关河谷山的描述The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill以及作者对自己相关情况的描述I rarely climbed up withut arriving with sweat可知，此处句意为“研究表明，上班时满身大汗是让骑自行车的上班族下车的最大障碍（barriers ）之一”，故选C。advantages n. 有利条件；prcesses n. 过程；barriers n. 障碍；屏障；cmplements n. 补足物；补语。
42.A【解析】结合文章第一句提及的The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill骑自行车上下班可知，此处句意为“那里的车手（riders）可能会面临长途跋涉” ，故选A。riders n. 骑（马、自行车等）的人；builders n. 建设者；建筑工人；custmers n. [商业]客户；vlunteers志愿者。
43.D【解析】根据上文提及的作者骑自行车上下班，又结合此处介绍一款新的电动自行车，可推知此处句意为“最大的障碍可能是过时的态度，认为自行车只是一种娱乐运动机会，而不是一种实用的交通（transprtatin）选择”，故选D。prductin n. 生产；产量；cmmunicatin n. 表达，交际；facilities n. 工具；设备；transprtatin n. 运输；交通工具，运输工具。
44.B【解析】结合上文中提及的电动自行车，以及此处提及的At a time when cities acrss Nrth America are struggling t cmbat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissins，可推知此处应该是说“电动自行车有缓解相关问题的潜在（ptential）可能性”，故选B。rutine adj. 常规的；日常的；ptential adj. 潜在的；temprary adj. 短暂的；majr adj. 重要的；严重的。
45.D【解析】结合下文中提及的相关电动自行车车的销售数量和对比，可推知此处表达的是乘客数量还不够多，相比较之下，take ff更适合句意，故选D。make f 用…做成；理解；明白；carry n 继续做，坚持干；bring up 养育，抚养；take ff脱掉；起飞；突然成功。
46.B【解析】结合上文的相关内容，以及下文提及关于电动车使用的相关规定的可知此处应该是关于电动车的使用规范，故B项比较合适。adaptatin n. 改编版；适应；adptin n. 收养，领养；adjustment n. 调整，调节；justificatin n. 辩解；无过失。
47.C【解析】结合上文提及的 Patchwrk rules treat e-bikes mre like mpeds than traditinal pedal bikes in sme jurisdictins可知，此处句意为“这意味着它们被禁止（banned）在自行车道上行驶和乘坐公共交通工具”，故选C。prved v. 证明；alerted v. 向…报警；使警觉，使戒备；banned v. 禁止；取缔；authrized v. 授权，批准，委托。
48.A【解析】结合上文内容，以及此处句意非洲大陆上几乎没有什么地方比加利福尼亚州更能冲破这些障碍，可推知此处需要填入一个转折连词，排除C和D项，而相比之下，A项更符合句意。hwever adv. 然而；不管怎样；cnj.不管怎样；unless cnj.除非；如果不；meanwhile adv. 同时；在此期间；与之相比；anyway adv. 无论如何；不管怎样。
49.C【解析】根据该段中the law classifies bikes int different tiers可知，此处句意为，该法律将自行车分为不同的等级，以区分（separate）速度较低的电动自行车（最高时速为20英里）和速度较快的“速度行人专用道”，故选C。riginate vi. 起源于，来自；vt. 引起；创始，创作；cmbine vt. 引起；创始，创作；separate v. （使）分开，分离；satisfy v. （使）满意。
50.B【解析】结合下文 e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer可知，消费者们开始接受电动自行车来，故推知此处句意为“在这些立法上的好处（benefits）中，电动自行车已经变得更容易为消费者所接受”，故选B。factrs n. 因素；benefits n. 津贴费；利益；limits n.界限；限度；限额；damages n. 损失。
51.D【解析】结合上文中e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer.可推知此处句意为“在自行车店找到它们不像以前那么困难（difficult）了”，故选D。prper adj. 适宜的；正确的；critical adj. 关键的；严重的；sensatinal adj. 轰动的；耸人听闻的；difficult adj. 困难的；问题多的，麻烦的。
52.A【解析】结合文章中的相关表述可知，此处与电动自行车的价格有关，故此处选A项更合适。expensive adj. 昂贵的；distinctive adj. 独特的；特别的；sensitive adj. 体贴的；敏感的；intensive adj. 加强的，强烈的。
53.B【解析】结合下文中cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt behind e-bikes提及最终的结果，可推知此处句意为“经过多年对混合踏板和电机动力的关注（cncern）”，故选B。truble n. 问题，麻烦，困难；cncern n. 担心；关心；令人担心的事；pwer n. 权力；能力；scale n. 规模，等级。
54.A【解析】结合上文提及的cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt ，可知此处加州自行车联盟的执行董事戴夫·斯奈德对新立法的态度是支持的，故选A。favred adj. 受到优待的；有天赋的；flded adj. 折叠的；referred v. 提到；针对；关系到；请教gifted adj. 有天赋的。
55.D【解析】根据文章可知，此处讲述的是戴夫·斯奈德支持立法的原因，结合他的职位可知，此处句意为“部分原因是他主张（advcate）电动自行车可以帮助那些“不能骑到需要的距离或速度”的人”，故选D。appeal v. 呼吁，恳请；上诉，申诉；address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；解决，处理；amunt v. 共计；advcate vt. 拥护；主张。
2020年1月春考
“Clean eating” is a phrase thrwn arund a lt in the health-and-wellness scene. I use it all the time. I (41) _________ it because there’s n frmal definitin, and it’s nt a ne-size-fits-all plan. Let’s face it: There isn’t ne perfect plan that will wrk fr everyne, (42) _________ r behavirally. Our bdies wrk differently frm ne anther. Sme physilgically need mre fat, sme need mre carbs, and all need different mixes f vitamins and minerals.
Behavirally, there isn’t ne plan that fits everyne’s (43) _________, either. Sme f us (44) _________ daily, while sme f us can’t make tast. Fr sme, fd is ften ut f their cntrl, and they (45) _________ htels, airprts and restaurants, while thers raise, grw and ck their wn fd. We als have different (46) _________. Sme have had a health scare r are feeling lw-energy and sluggish, and are curius abut whether fd culd make them feel better; sme are cncerned abut the envirnment and eclgy, and the impact f hw fds are grwn and sld; sme have yet ther (47) _________.
These (48) _________ are imprtant, because yur versin f clean will depend n yur values and gals. Frcing yurself r smene else int an eating plan is (49) _________ a fundatin fr success. Instead, understanding why yu are ding what yu are ding will help yu make chices yu can stick with and make yu feel better abut hw yu eat.
When I think f eating clean, what cmes t mind is knwing exactly what I’m putting int my bdy and making mindful decisins that are (50) _________ my values. Yu have seen peple wh ask several questins befre rdering at a restaurant r making a chice at a grcery stre. While it can be entertaining (r frustrating) t watch, being curius abut what’s in yur fd is fair game and, I wuld argue, imprtant. We live in a wrld where we must ask questins because we can’t (51) _________ that we’re eating whle fds. I dn’t necessarily need t meet the farmer grwing my spuds, but when I eat mashed ptates, I want t be sure they are, well, actual (52) _________. I dn’t think that’s t much t ask.
The best first step tward clean eating is knwing what’s n yur (53) _________. Everything n it! We are trained t lk at calries and grams n fd labels, but I (54) _________ yu t lk at ingredients first. D yu understand what is in the fd yu are abut t eat? Are yu kay with eating thse ingredients? Nt all fd prducts are the same. Take a mment and cmpare prducts based t n ingredients, (55)_________ slely calries, t decide whether they’re what yu want.
41. A. changeB. favrC. chargeD. alter
42. A. accidentlyB. deliberatelyC. physilgicallyD. crucially
43. A. lifestyleB. handwrkC. willpwerD. incme
44. A. ckB. buyC. sellD. handle
45. A. center inB. g nC. catch inD. rely n
46. A. ambitinsB. cmplimentsC. mtivatinsD. prcedures
47. A. challengesB. cncernsC. benefitsD. damages
48. A. scalesB. declinesC. rangesD. distinctins
49. A. rarelyB. reallyC. mstlyD. largely
50. A. in search fB. in hnr fC. in line withD. with respect t
51. A. maintainB. denyC. guaranteeD. separate
52. A. ptatesB. tmatesC. heresD. zeres
53. A. deskB. plateC. ptD. handle
54. A. persuadeB. encurageC. prvideD. cnvince
55. A. apart frmB. mre thanC. less thanD. rather than
原文出处：
‘Clean eating’ is a fuzzy term — and that’s why it wrks
By Jae Berman
January 10, 2017
“Clean eating” is a phrase thrwn arund a lt in the health-and-wellness scene. I use it all the time. I like it because there’s n frmal definitin, and it’s nt a ne-size-fits-all plan. Let’s face it: There isn’t ne perfect plan that will wrk fr everyne, physilgically r behavirally. Our bdies wrk differently frm ne anther. Sme physilgically need mre fat, sme need mre carbs, and all need different mixes f vitamins and minerals.
Behavirally, there isn’t ne plan that fits everyne’s lifestyle, either. Sme f us ck daily, while sme f us can’t make tast. Fr sme, fd is ften ut f their cntrl, and they rely n htels, airprts and restaurants, while thers raise, grw and ck their wn fd. We als have different mtivatins. Sme have had a health scare r are feeling lw-energy and sluggish, and are curius abut whether fd culd make them feel better; sme are cncerned abut the envirnment and eclgy, and the impact f hw fds are grwn and sld; sme have yet ther cncerns.
These distinctins are imprtant, because yur versin f clean will depend n yur values and gals. Frcing yurself r smene else int an eating plan is rarely a fundatin fr success. Instead, understanding why yu are ding what yu are ding will help yu make chices yu can stick with and make yu feel better abut hw yu eat.
When I think f eating clean, what cmes t mind is knwing exactly what I’m putting int my bdy and making mindful decisins that are in line with my values. Yu have seen peple wh ask several questins befre rdering at a restaurant r making a chice at a grcery stre. While it can be entertaining (r frustrating) t watch, being curius abut what’s in yur fd is fair game and, I wuld argue, imprtant. We live in a wrld where we must ask questins because we can’t guarantee that we’re eating whle fds. I dn’t necessarily need t meet the farmer grwing my spuds, but when I eat mashed ptates, I want t be sure they are, well, actual ptates. I dn’t think that’s t much t ask.
What is in yur fd?
The best first step tward clean eating is knwing what’s n yur plate. Everything n it! We are trained t lk at calries and grams n fd labels, but I encurage yu t lk at ingredients first. D yu understand what is in the fd yu are abut t eat? Are yu kay with eating thse ingredients? Nt all fd prducts are the same. Take a mment and cmpare prducts based n ingredients, rather than slely calries, t decide whether they’re what yu want.
【答案】41-55BCAAD CBDAC CABBD
详解如下：
41. B 【解析】根据空前I use it all the time可知“我”favr（青睐、更喜爱）用clean eating这个说法。
42. C 【解析】根据空后两句Our bdies wrk differently frm ne anther与 Sme physilgically need mre fat…可知，此处是从生理角度来说明每个人的饮食方案不同的。
【段意】“clean eating”是一个健康保健情景的常用词。我一直在使用它。青睐它是因为对“clean eating”没有一个正规的定义，也没有一条万用的clean eating方案。就让我们来看看它吧：不论生理上还是行为上，一则适用于每个人的完美方案是不存在的。每个人身体的运作方式不同。有些人生理上需要多些脂肪，有些人需要更多的碳水化合物，所有人都需要不同的复合维生素和矿物质。
43. A 【解析】根据后文make tast、htel、restaurant和grw and ck their wn fd可知，后文举例说明人们因生活方式(lifestyle)不同所以饮食方案不同的。
44. A 【解析】根据空后while sme f us can’t make tast可知，while此处为对比连词，所以本空为ck daily（每天做饭），刚好与can’t make tast(不会烤面包片)相对应。
45. D 【解析】根据空后while thers raise, grw and ck their wn fd可知，而另一些人饲养、种植并且烹饪自己的食物，而（while）在旅店、机场和餐馆的旅人就要依靠（rely n）旅店、机场和餐馆里的食物了。因此空前说这类人的食物是ften ut f their cntrl（不能自己操控的）。
【段意】从活动习性上看，也没有一条万用方案适用于所有人的生活方式。我们有些人每天做饭，而有些连烤个面包片都不会。对某些人来说，食物是不可控的，依赖于旅店、机场和餐馆，而另一些人饲养、种植并且烹饪自己的食物。
46. C 【解析】根据空后Sme have had a health scare r are feeling lw-energy and sluggish, and are curius abut whether fd culd make them feel better; sme are cncerned abut the envirnment and eclgy, and the impact f hw fds are grwn and sld可知，有些人有健康危机或者正感到懒散、能量不足，好奇食物是否会让他们感觉好些；有些人担心环境和生态，以及食物的种植和销售方式的带来影响,此处是从不同动机（mtivatin）来说明每个人的饮食选择不同的。
47. B 【解析】根据本句的三个sme和两个分号，可以看出此处是举例说明中并列的第三项，有些人好奇……有些人担心……，有些人有些其他的顾虑（sme have yet ther cncerns）。
【段意】我们也会有不同的动机。有些人有健康危机或者正感到懒散、能量不足，好奇食物是否会让他们感觉好些；有些人担心环境、生态以及食物的种植和销售方式的带来影响；有些人还有些其他的顾虑。
48. D 【解析】根据前文内容可知，之所以没有一通用的clean eating的饮食方案是因为，人们生理、生活习性、饮食动机各不相同。本句承接上文并且说明了这些不同的（distinctins）是取决于是价值观和目标because yur versin f clean will depend n yur values and gals。
49. A 【解析】根据空后Instead（相反） …will help yu make chices yu can stick with and make yu feel better可知，Instead之后是有益行为，所以Instead前面应该是不利行为，所以选否定词rarely，rarely a fundatin fr success几乎不会成功。
【段意】这些不同是重要的，因为你这个版本的clean取决于你的价值观和目标。强迫自己或者他人按照饮食计划行事几乎不会成功。相反，理解你的行为动机会将帮你做出能坚持下去的选择，使你对自己的饮食方式感觉好些。
50. C 【解析】根据本句句意和上一段because yur versin f clean will depend n yur values and gals可知，当“我”想到eating clean的时候，首先想到的是要确切地知道吃的是什么，并且做出符合（in line with）价值观的谨慎决定。
51. C 【解析】根据上下文可知，ask questins 是为了确保（guarantee）我们吃的食物是whle fd(全食物)。后句又进行了举例说明。
52. A 【解析】根据上下文可知，“我”认为知道自己吃的什么很重要I wuld argue, live in a wrld where we must ask questins，因此，当“我”吃土豆泥的时候，要确保吃的是真的土豆（actual ptates）。
【段意】当我想到eating clean的时候，首先想到的是要确切地知道我把什么放到了身体里(吃的是什么)，然后做出符合价值观的谨慎决定。你已经见过人们在订餐厅或者在食品店做决定前会问若干问题。尽管观察食物、想知道食物里有什么会被调侃、抨击，而我认为，这很重要。我们生活在一个不得不问的世界因为我们不能保证自己吃的是全食（whle fd）。我不必与为我种土豆的农民见面，但是吃土豆泥的时候，我还是想确认我吃的真的是土豆。我认为这么问不过分。
53. B 【解析】根据上下文和句意，要知道自己吃的是什么，也就是盘中餐有的什么what is ne yur plate(盘子)。
54. B【解析】根据下文Are yu kay with eating thse ingredients和Take a mment and cmpare prducts based n ingredients... t decide whether they’re what yu want可知，“我”建议读者要重视食品成分表，而不仅是卡路里和克数，因此本空用encurage（鼓励）。
55. D 【解析】根据上文We are trained t lk at calries and grams n fd labels, but I...和本句Take a mment and cmpare prducts based n decide whether they’re what yu want可知“我”建议读者要重视食品成分表，而不仅是（rather than）卡路里。rather than slely calries 为插入成分，用两个逗号分开，补充说明cmpare prducts based n ingredients。
【段意】做到clean eating的第一步就是知道你的盘中餐有什么。它的一切。我们被训练去看食物标签上的卡路里和克数，而我鼓励你先看看配料。你能理解你要吃的食物里有什么吗？你这这些配料有问题吗？不是所有的食品都一样。花点儿时间按照配料比较这些食品，再决定它们是否是你想要的。
动词
abandn; absrb; acquire; activate; adapt; address; adjust; adpt; affect; alter; avid; ask; add
balance; bring up; bring
challenge; cllect; change; cnvince; cme back; carry ut; chse; cntain; cme; cperate; cmmit; cunter; cmplete; cmpse
define; distribute; decrease; discurage; dminate; drive;
experience; escape; enter; end; emphasize; envy; educate; equal; ease
find; frbid; functin; fasten; facilitate; frce; frm
gain; g with; give int; get; grant; guess
interest; intrduce;
judge;
imprve; inquire; indicate; invlve; inspire; impact n
limit; lad; lay ff; learn
make; miss; make any prgress
rganize; perate;
prve; prpse; prevent; prtect;
ruin; require; relieve; realize; relate; receive; resist; reach; recall; risk; review;
stress; send; spread; spread ut; serve any purpse; smile; share; sleep
take; take any advantage;
use; understand;
win any supprt
名词
addict; advance; advantage; admire; attractin; aspect; adlescent; adulthd; amunt; achievement; accmmdatin; ability; assciatin;
behavir; benefit; business;
cincidence; chance; cmparisn; cncept; cnditin; culture; case; cmpany; childhd; custm; case; cause; cleaner; cmparisn;
distractin; decisin; dnatin; disease; distinctin;
evidence; expense; effrt; extent; emtin; event; entertainment;
falsehd; figure; fairness; feeling; fact;
guidance;
habit; harmny; handwriting;
innvatin; inncence; inquiry; intentin; intent; interest; implement; impact; issue; interactin;
knwledge;
live; lcal; invitatin; leisure; lk;
mystery; methd; md; minrity; majrity; mass; minimum;
neighbrhd;
bject; ccasin;
purpse; prductivity; pstpnement; payment; peace; prcedure;
questin; quantity; quality;
resistance; risk; receipt; receptin; result; restaurant; refrm; respnsibility; resurce;
scre; scene; survey; surrunding; service; supprt; structure; smile;
temptatin; trend; tiredness; thickness; thught; truble; turist; transprt; trust;
visitr; view;
wait;
形容词
alarming; active; alert; alternative; apprpriate; apprpriate; alternative;
better;
charming; calm; critical; cncerning; curageus; creative; clearer; cmplex; crucial; cmpulsry;
disappinting; delighted;
extrardinary; encuraging; envirnmental; ecnmic; earlier;
frustrating; familiar; faster;
generus; gegraphic;
harmless; histrical;
inevitable; instructing; imprtant; imaginary; innvative; individual;
lgic; lnger; later;
majr;
natinal;
ppsite; bjective;
preventable; persistent;
ridiculus; resistant; relevant;
strange; silent; sustainable; sufficient; small; satisfied; same; similar; slwer; slight; separate; smaller; shrter; sustainable;
true; tugh; temprary;
unfamiliar; unblcked; universal; uncnscius; unique; useful
wrng; wider;
副词
accidentally;
by cntrast; Besides;
cnsequently; cnsiderably; cnstantly; cnsciusly;
deliberately; delicately;
equally; eventually; equivalently;
fully; Fr example;
gradually;
hwever; happily;
In particular; In cnclusin; In cmparisn; in a wrd; in additin; in want f; in case f; in favur f; in additin t;
meanwhile; Mrever;
necessarily;
therwise; bviusly; ccasinally;
really; readily; really; rather; respectively;
seriusly;
Therefre;
what’s mre;