第12讲： 句子翻译之能力提升-2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（上海专用）

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知识梳理
演练
【考情链接】
高考英语翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。
1.高考评分标准:
（1）每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；
（2）语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；
（3）译文没用所给的单词扣一分。
2．解题步骤：
（1）分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型
中文必须仔细读，一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字。一般来说，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时，也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如：it句型、倒装句、with结构。
（2）明确考核要点、选择词语搭配
在高考翻译题中，我们也不难发现，每一句常含有二、三个词语搭配，翻译时稍不注意就会失分。因此，在做每一道中译英题时，首先要确定句中几组(个)动词或动词词组，然后选定恰当的词语以及相应的搭配，尤其要注意括号内所给词语的准确运用。
（3）确定时态和语态、注意前后呼应
时态语态一直是英语考试中考查的重点。正确的思路应该是首先浏览全句中文，要能够做到根据句中的时间状语和字里行间所给出的提示来定位一个基本时态，即主句的动词时态，而其他动词必须与之呼应。
（4）了解文化差异、避免中式英语
注重中英文表述习惯的不同之处，克服母语造成的潜在障碍，翻译时，切忌将两种语言对等地进行交换，尤其是对成语、俗语的翻译，否则就贻笑大方了。成语如：固执己见、引人入胜、爱不释手、鼎力相助、三言两语等。
【要点梳理】
要点一：翻译策略
直译和意译
直译和意译没有明确界限，往往是一句汉语整体可以直译，但局部（特别是成语和俗语）却要通过意译。注意逻辑主语的变化。
【例1】(2020上海春考） 每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule)
【思路解析】句中“雷打不动”无法直接翻译，只能意译为：make it a rule t d sth.表示“使做某事成为常规”。
【参考答案】Thse cllege students make it a rule t g t the rphanage t wrk as vlunteers every Wednesday,
【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和固定句式。根据句意和提示词可知，本句使用固定句式：make it a rule t d，表示“使做某事成为常规”，时间状语“每周三”表明是经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，同时使用非谓语动词，“大学生”与“教”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故翻译为：Every Wednesday，these university students make it a rule t d vlunteer service in the rphanage, teaching children paper-cutting and knitting.
【例2】(2019上海高考）爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。(patient）
【思路解析】句中“耳背”无法直译，只能意译为：a little deaf或smething wrng with ne's ears。
【参考答案】Grandpa is a little deaf and be patient with him./There is smething wrng with grandpa's ears, s be patient with him.
【详解】考查短语和时态。结合句意表示“耳背”可翻译为there be smething wrng with ne's ears；表示“对某人耐心”短语为be patient with sb.；此处为s连接并列句，且前半句陈述事实应用一般现在时，后半句为肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形。故翻译为There is smething wrng with grandpa's ears, s be patient with him.
【例3】（2020年春考）这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时，因其旋律欢快，风格诙谐引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。（when）
【思路解析】此句中“昙花一现”’可以意译为：its ppularity didn’t last lng / but it lasted (fr) nly a very shrt time/ perid.；也可以直译为：a flash in the pan。
【参考答案】When first released at the pening ceremny f the Art Festival, this sng caused a sensatin / made a stir because f / fr/ due t its cheerful meldy and humrus style, but it was just a flash in the pan./ but it didn’t last lng. / but it lasted (fr) nly a very shrt time/ perid.
/The sng caused a stir/sensatin /became a hit fr its cheerful meldy and cmic style when it was first perfrmed/released at the Art Festival this year, but its ppularity didn’t last lng/a flash in the pan .
【详解】本题考查了when引导的时间状语从句，考查的词汇和词组并不难，“昙花一现”看似难翻，但只要表达清楚意思就可以了。
【例4】这部基于那场重要战争的电影一上映就很卖座。(Hardly)
【思路解析】此句中“很卖座”不能直接一一对应翻译，只能意思是翻译，意译为： it attracted a large audience。
【参考答案】Hardly had the film abut the imprtant battle been released when it attracted a large audience.
【详解】考查倒装句、否定副词、介词、时态、名词、形容词和短语。表示“基于”应用介词abut；表示“这部电影”应用名词短语the film；表示“重要的”应用形容词imprtant；表示“那场战争”应用名词短语the battle；表示“上映”应用动词release；表示“卖座”应用动词短语attract a large audience。根据所给副词“Hardly”几乎不的意思和首字母的大写形式可知，这句话需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒装结构“Hardly…when…”一……就……，该短语要求从句为一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，部分倒装时，助动词had置于主语之前。故翻译为Hardly had the film abut the imprtant battle been released when it attracted a large audience.
2. 适当加减词
【例1】他虽然退休了，但仍然关心着公司的业务。
【答案】Thugh he has retired, he still cares abut the cmpany’s business.
【思路解析】从句“但仍然关心着公司的业务”中文主语省略了，翻译时候主句需加上主语“he”.
【例2】这款手机样式新颖、携带方面，深受年轻人的欢迎。 (2005上海高考)
【答案】The mbile phne is fashinable in style and cnvenient t carry, s it is very ppular with yungsters.
/The mbile phne is fashinable in style and cnvenient t carry, and it is very ppular with yungsters.
【思路解析】中文两个分句有因果关系或并列关系，故翻译时，当并列句需加“and”；当主从句时，需加上从属连词“s”。
【例3】根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。
【答案】Accrding t scientists, it takes nature 500 years t create an inch f tpsil.
【思路解析】根据英语表达，此处“看法”可以省略不必翻译。
【例4】究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(mtivate)（2019上海春考）
【答案】What n earth mtivated Xia Wang t study / learn electrnic engineering?
/What was it that mtivated Xia Wang t study / learn electrnic engineering?
【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析，此处“的积极性”可以省略不必翻译。
【例5】 物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) （2006上海春考）
【答案】In the physics class, he failed t understand what Prfessr Wang was talking abut.
【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析，此处“的内容”可以省略不必翻译。
3. 语序的变化
【例1】博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷清，急需改善。(whse)（2019上海春考）
【答案】The museum,whse exhibits are dusty, badly needs t be imprved because f its few visitrs and pr management.
【思路解析】此句中文表达简洁，多为四字格，疏于管理nt well managed/management is reckless，被灰尘覆盖be cvered with dust/be piled with dust，游客稀少few visitrs ，亟需改善be badly in need f imprvement/requires immediate imprvement 。翻译时，厘清主句从句关系，化繁为简，适当调整句子语序。故翻译为his museum is nt well managed whse exhibits are cvered with dust and there are few visitrs s everything is badly in need f imprvement.或The museum whse management is reckless whse exhibits are piled with dust and whse lbby is deserted /requires immediate imprvement.
【例2】在线预订出租车虽然很时尚，但许多相关问题尚待解决。(as)
【答案】Fashinable as bking taxis nline is, many related prblems remain t be slved.
【思路解析】根据中文所给提示词，as 当“虽然，尽管” 引导让步状语从句需用倒装语序。
4. 词性的合理变化
【例1】人们现在随时能在超市买到新鲜牛奶。（available）
【答案】Nwadays fresh milk can available t peple at anytime at the supermarket.
【思路解析】句中动词“买到”转换为形容词短语“sth. be available t sb”, 且注意中英文语序发生了变化。
【例2】学生不能进入教师阅览室。 ( access n.)
【答案】Students have n access t the teachers’ reading rm.
【思路解析】句中动词“进入”转换为含名词短语“have/get access t”, 词性发生了变化。
【例3】网上支付方便了用户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cst f)
【答案】Online payment makes it easier fr users, but (it is) at the cst f their privacy
【思路解析】句中动词“牺牲了”转换为含名词短语“at the cst f ”, 词性发生了变化。
要点二：翻译常设考点
时态语态
【例1】我第一次写英语作文时，犯了很多拼写错误。（make）
【答案】The first time I wrte an English cmpsitin, I made a lt f spelling mistakes.
【例1】这是他第一次回老家过年，是吗？(time)
This is the first time that he has gne back hmetwn t spend the Spring Festival, isn’t it?
【例3】当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（chice）
【答案】At that time the taxi driver had n chice but t turn t the turist / traveler (fr help).
【例4】在过去几年里，这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute)
【答案】In the past few years, this factry has substituted plastic fr wd in rder t reduce the cst.
【例5】应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。(apply)
【答案】Students shuld be encuraged t apply what they have learned in class t practice.
2、以“it”用法为主的考点
【例1】正是那场突如其来的大雨打乱了他们的计划。(It)
【答案】It was the unexpected rain that upset their plan.
【解析】考查强调句和时态。本句为强调句，其结构为It is +强调部分 +that从句。本句强调主语 the unexpected rain 。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为It was the unexpected rain that upset their plan.
【例2】那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（ it ）
【答案】It is very hard fr thse wh haven’t been t the small village t describe its beauty.
【解析】考查it做形式主语用法。
【例3】我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（it ）
【答案】I find it hard/it is hard t cperate with thse wh always stick t their wn pinins.
【解析】考查it做形式宾语用法。
【例4】如果你方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。(cnvenient)
【答案】If it is cnvenient t yu, please fetch the parcel fr me frm the pst ffice./It is impssible fr yu t cmplete the task alne.
【解析】 类似用it形式主语或宾语的形容词还有cnvenient, necessary, essential, imprtant 等
3、以非谓语为主的考点
【例1】只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep）
【答案】Drinking nly a cup f cffee will keep me awake all night.
【例2】他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。（regret）
【答案】He regrets lsing the pprtunity t btain the schlarship.
【例3】昨晚有许多人等在剧院前想一睹那位歌星的风采. (there be )
【答案】There were a lt f peple waiting in frnt f the theatre yesterday evening t have a glance at the star singer.
【例4】整个上午他都在忙于写那篇故事，只是偶尔停下来喝杯茶。(break ff)
【答案】He was busy writing the stry all the mrning, nly breaking ff ccasinally t have a cup f tea.
【例5】 同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。（cmpare）
【答案】Cmpared with ther students,the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.
【例1】这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(t … t) (2004上海高考)
【答案】The rule f the game is t cmplicated t explain/be explained in a few wrds.
4、以从句为主的考点
【例1】我实在想不通为什么大伙儿都觉得他这个人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和蔼可亲的。(strike)（2020届徐汇区高考英语一模）
I can’t understand why peple all think he is ut f reach/inaccessible, because he strikes me as a very apprachable and kind/amiable persn. （名词性从句）
【例2】在当今社会，诱惑和干扰无处不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品质之一，因为它有效地促进了一个人的进步和发展。 (where)(2020届杨浦区高考一模)
In tday’s sciety where temptatins and distractins are everywhere，self-discipline is ne f the mst imprtant qualities, if nt the mst imprtant, fr/as it cntributes effectively t/ prmtes/enhances a man’s prgress and develpment. （定语从句）
【例3】 如今，病人能很便捷地下载他们的医疗记录以获取诸如检测结果之类的信息，大大节省了时间和 人力。(s…that)(2020届黄埔区高考一模)
Nwadays, it is s cnvenient fr patients t dwnlad their medical recrds t access infrmatin such as the test results that they will save a lt f time and labr. （状语从句）
5、以倒装句型为主的考点
【例1】该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊异，他们一致同意他为冠军获得者。 (S…)(2020届嘉定区高考一模)
【答案】S amazed were the judges at the wisdm and wide knwledge f the cntestant that they all agreed that he wuld be the champin. / be the winner./ win the champinship.
【例2】他向朋保证在任何情况下都不会违背做一个诚实守信的人的承诺。（under n circumstances）（2018奉贤区二模）
【答案】He assured his friends that under n circumstances wuld he break the prmise that he wuld be an hnest man.
【例3】他亲自到了中国后才意识到他对中国的了解是何等肤浅。（Only）
【答案】Only when he came t China himself did he realize hw pr his knwledge f the cuntry was.
【例4】 登山运动的吸引力不仅在于运动员之间的激烈竞争，还体现在运动员与自然环境的抗争中。（Nt nly...）(2020届浦东新区高考一模)
【答案】Nt nly des the appeal/attractin f muntain climbing lie in the fierce cmpetitin between athletes, but it is als reflected in the athletes’ fight against the natural envirnment. (the fight between the athletes and the natural envirnment)
【例5】一听到警察的脚步声，小偷就跑走了。(Away)
【答案】Away ran the thief as sn as he heard the ftsteps f the plice. （此句为完全倒装句）
6、以动词或动词短语为主的考点
【例1】看到挂满枝头鲜红嫩绿的果实，他们不禁心生欢喜。（can’t help)（2020届奉贤区高考英语一模）
【答案】At the sight f the fruits with brilliant clrs hanging n the branches, they culdn’t help feeling admiring them.
【例2】本次“城市公共交通周”的活动旨在提高公众节能环保的意识。(aim)（2020届徐汇区高考英语一模）
【答案】The campaign f the urban public transprt week aims t raise public awareness f saving energy and prtecting the envirnment / energy cnservatin and envirnmental prtectin.
【例3】 在每天的早晚高峰期间，堵上半小时是常有的事，要是下雨的话，堵的时间就更长了。（stuck）
【答案】During the mrning and evening rush hurs, it is cmmn t be stuck in traffic fr half an hur, and it will be lnger if it rains.
【例4】 家长是孩子们最亲近的人，但是有时他们依然不理解孩子们说的话。（figure）
【答案】Althugh parents are the clsest peple t their children, smetimes they still cannt figure ut what their children say
7、以成语（谚语）为主的考点
【例1】 在很多地区，旅游业对环境的影响简直触目惊心，但人们往往因为旅游业带来的经济利益而对此置若罔闻。(a blind eye)
【答案】In many places, the impact f turism n the envirnment is really shcking, but peple usually turn a blind eye t it just because f the ecnmic benefits turism brings abut.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。turn a blind eye t(对…… )视而不见；because f 因为；bring abut带来。句中先行词为benefits，在定语从句中作bring abut的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导，也可以省略。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为In many places, the impact f turism n the envirnment is really shcking, but peple usually turn a blind eye t it just because f the ecnmic benefits turism brings abut.
【例2】 和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。（Hw）(2019上海高考）
【答案】Hw different the sldier is frm what he was in his schl days ！
【详解】考查感叹句、时态和名词性从句。Hw+形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语！frm后的宾语从句中，从句缺少表语，且指物，所以用连接词what。根据句意，用一般现在时。故翻译为Hw different the sldier is frm what he was in his schl days ！
【例3】 随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那名业余自行车手的夺冠之梦不再遥不可及。（nrmal）2019上海高考）
【答案】As his physical strength returns t nrmal, the amateur cyclist’s dream f winning champinship will n lnger be beynd reach.
【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。本句为as引导的时间状语从句，从句中表示“体力”应用短语physical strength，作主语；表示“恢复正常”可知短语为return t nrmal，从句为一般现在时；主句中表示“业余自行车手”短语为amateur cyclist；表示“夺冠之梦”可翻译为dream f winning champinship；表示“不再”短语为n lnger；表示“遥不可及”短语为beynd reach，主句应用一般将来时。故翻译为As his physical strength returns t nrmal, the amateur cyclist’s dream f winning champinship will n lnger be beynd reach.
课堂精练
演练
高考翻译需注意的问题
词的特殊用法
如：accessible, available, arrange, cnvenient等
1：他忘了带阅读证，进不了图书馆。（accessible）
He frgt t bring the reading card, s the library was nt accessible t him.
2：我已安排好一辆车去车站接他们。（arrange）
I have arranged fr a car t pick them up at the railway statin.
3：如果你方便的话，请帮我去邮局寄一些包裹。（cnvenient）
If it is cnvenient t yu, please g t the pst ffice t send these parcels fr me.
动词语态问题：谓语动词及非谓语动词都应注意语态问题
4：这里的菜烧得很好，还有免费蛋糕供应。(prvide)
The dishes are well cked here and free cakes are prvided.
5：应该更加强调培养学生的实际运用能力。
Great emphasis shuld be put n cultivating students’ practical ability.
6：我们必须对这里正在讨论的一些事情保密。(discuss)
We must keep a secret f the things being discussed here.
7：应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。（encurage）
The yung peple/ yungsters shuld be encuraged t chse their careers accrding t/ based n their wn strng pints/ strengths.
选择正确的词语搭配，主要是介词的选择问题和be+p.p. + prep.结构
8：我不需要买新车，我的那辆旧车还很好。(cnditin)
I dn’t need t/needn’t buy a new car as my ld ne is still in gd cnditin.
9：我忘了提醒他面试的时间。（remind）
I frgt t remind him f the time fr the interview.
10：我对学生所谈论的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。（ignrant）
Being ignrant f the electrnic prducts the students are talking abut，I find myself left behind/ utdated/ ut f date.
Be+p.p.+ prep.结构：be invlved in, be qualified fr, be equipped with, be cncerned abut, be based n, be addicted t, be amazed at, be regarded as, be engaged in等
11：市长非常关心市民不遵受交通规则的问题。（cncern）
The mayr is much cncerned abut the prblem f the citizens’ disbeying the traffic regulatins.
特殊句式： it做形式主语和宾语，强调句型，倒装句，the reasn why… is that …, it (never) ccurs t me that…, it’s said that…, nt…but …等
12：我迟到的原因是他们没通知我开会的时间。（infrm）
The reasn why I was late was that they had nt infrmed me f the time f the meeting.
13：重要的不是你说了什么，而是你做了什么。（matter）
It’s nt what yu said but what yu did that matters.
14：据报道，这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It…)
It is reprted that this wild plant is rich in/cntains/has a lt f vitamins.
15：我从未想到这种事竟然会发生在他的身上。（ccur）
It never ccurred t me that such a thing shuld happen t him.
16：汽车、无线电、电影、速冻食品、电冰箱，这些东西在过去的30年中得到了广泛的应用，这简直令人难以置信。（It…）
It is hard t believe that autmbiles, radis, mtin pictures, frzen fds and electric refrigeratr have cme int cmmn use within thirty years.
17：学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。（it）
The schl made it a rule that the students shuld stand up when class begins.
句子的逻辑关系：汉语里两个句子可能存在潜在的修饰，结果，目的，因果，并列，转转等逻辑关系，翻译时，要注意结构逻辑关系，使句子更连贯。
18：我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。（impress）
I was s impressed by these wrds that I used them later fr a Christmas card.
19：上海是座美丽城市，他决定再呆两天。（decide）
Shanghai was a beautiful city, s he decided t stay fr anther tw days.
20：这款手机式样新颖、携带方便，深受年轻人的欢迎。(ppular)
The mbile phne is fashinable/mdern in style and cnvenient t carry , s it is very ppular with yung peple.
/ 我不需要买新车，我的那辆旧车还很好。(cnditin)
I dn’t need t/needn’t buy a new car as my ld ne is still in gd cnditin.
6.长句的翻译：高考翻译最后一句属于长句翻译，翻译时，要“先主干，再细节”。理清句子的成分，先确定框架，再添砖加瓦。
21：绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法，即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水洗手。（prevent）
Mst medical experts share the same pinin that the mst effective way t prevent the spread f the disease /prevent the disease frm spreading is (fr peple) t wash (their) hands with sap and water.
22：为追求时尚而付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。（thse）
Thse wh fllw fashin at the great cst shuld change their lifestyle as sn as pssible.
23：出国学习会使学生受益匪浅，但是他们也有可能会面临一系列前所未有的挑战。（likely）
Studying abrad/ Ging abrad fr further studies benefits/ (will/ may) benefit students a lt, but they are likely t face/be faced with a series f challenges which are greater than ever (befre).
24：一项新披露的调查表明网络最吸引人之处在于它能让网民及时了解世界大事。(infrm)
A newly-released/ newly-reveled survey shws/ suggests/ indicates that the biggest attractin f the Internet is that it keeps/ makes netizens wh surf the Internet infrmed f the wrld events.
课后反馈
演练
（六）
（2024年嘉定区二模）
72. 短暂接触辐射一般对人体无害。(expsure)(汉译英)
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【答案】Brief expsure t radiatin usually des n harm t ne’s health/bdy.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“短暂接触辐射”短语为brief expsure t radiatin；表示“一般”应用副词usually；表示“对……无害”短语为d n harm t；表示“人体”应用ne’s health/bdy。为一般现在时。故翻译为Brief expsure t radiatin usually des n harm t ne’s health/bdy
73. 我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？(there be)(汉译英)
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【答案】I have just clicked (n) “Submit Applicatin” by mistake/accident, s is there any pssibility f withdrawing it?
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定短语、there be句型的一般疑问句式。表示“点击”含义的表达为：click (n)，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时；表示“刚刚”含义的表达为：just；表示“提交申请”含义的表达为：Submit Applicatin；表示“不小心”含义的表达为：by mistake或by accident；表示“还有可能撤回吗？”含义的表达为：is there any pssibility f withdrawing it?，该句为一般疑问句，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，用s连接，故翻译为：I have just clicked (n) “Submit Applicatin” by mistake/accident, s is there any pssibility f withdrawing it?
74. 收到居民意见后的第一时间，委员们就着手制定合理的改进计划。(hardly)(汉译英)
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【答案】Members f the cmmittee had hardly received the pinins/suggestins frm the residents when they set abut making reasnable imprvement plans.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“委员们”应用members f the cmmittee，作主语；表示“一……就……”句型为hardly…when…；表示“收到”应用动词receive，为过去完成时；表示“居民意见”应用the pinins/suggestins frm the residents；从句主语为they；表示“着手”短语为set abut；表示“制定合理的改进计划”用动名词短语making reasnable imprvement plans。故翻译为Members f the cmmittee had hardly received the pinins/suggestins frm the residents when they set abut making reasnable imprvement plans.
75. 老一辈艺术家们纷纷呼吁传统戏曲要博采众长，使之惠及更多年轻观众。(accessible)(汉译英)
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【答案】The seasned/senir/elder(ly) artists / The lder generatin f artists appealed t / called n the traditinal peras t integrate/adpt/absrb strengths frm ther art frms / learn widely frm thers’ strng pints, s that they becme mre accessible t a wider/larger yung audience / making them mre accessible t a wider audience f yung peple.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、非谓语和时态。“老一辈艺术家们”可以翻译为“the seasned/senir/elder(ly) artists ”，或者“ the lder generatin f artists”，该名词短语在句中作主语。“呼吁”需要用动词短语“appeal t/call n”，在句中作谓语。“呼吁……做某事”可以用短语“appeal t/call n…t d”本句话为陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。“传统戏曲”可以翻译为“the traditinal peras”，“博采众长”可以翻译为“integrate/adpt/absrb strengths frm ther art frms”，或者“learn widely frm thers’ strng pints”。s that引导结果状语从句，从句主语用代词they，指代前文中的“the traditinal peras”，句子可使用主系表结构，系动词用“becme”，意为“变得”，表语使用形容词accessible“可接近的，易接近的”。此处指传统戏曲博采众长后，变得更加容易接近年轻观众了，所以该形容词用比较级。becme mre accessible t…“变得更容易接近”。“更多年轻观众”可以翻译为“a wider/larger yung audience”；“使之惠及更多年轻观众”也可以翻译为“make them mre accessible t a wider audience f yung peple”，结果状语从句也可变成现在分词作结果状语的结构。故翻译为The seasned/senir/elder(ly) artists / The lder generatin f artists appealed t / called n the traditinal peras t integrate/adpt/absrb strengths frm ther art frms / learn widely frm thers’ strng pints, s that they becme mre accessible t a wider/larger yung audience / making them mre accessible t a wider audience f yung peple.
（七）
（2024年金山区二模）
72. 中国文化产业充当着文化交流的桥梁。(act) (汉译英)
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【答案】The Chinese cultural industry / China’s cultural industry acts as a bridge fr cultural exchanges.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和动词时态。主语“中国文化产业”用The Chinese cultural industry / China’s cultural industry，主语为单数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；表示“充当着”用act as，表示“文化交流的桥梁”用a bridge fr cultural exchanges。故翻译为The Chinese cultural industry / China’s cultural industry acts as a bridge fr cultural exchanges.
73. 滑雪的魅力在于追求速度，突破极限。(charm) (汉译英)
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【答案】The charm f skiing lies in pursuing speed and pushing ne’s limits (pushing beynd limits).
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“滑雪的魅力”短语为the charm f skiing；表示“在于”短语为lie in；表示“追求”应用动词pursue；后跟名词speed，作宾语；表示“突破极限”应用动名词短语pushing ne’s limits或pushing beynd limits。为一般现在时。故翻译为The charm f skiing lies in pursuing speed and pushing ne’s limits (pushing beynd limits).
74. 消费复苏的初步迹象对资本市场有积极的影响。(initial) (汉译英)
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【答案】The initial signs f recvery in cnsumptin has a psitive effect n the capital market.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“消费复苏的初步迹象”应用the initial signs f recvery in cnsumptin；表示“对……有积极影响”短语为have a psitive effect n；表示“资本市场”短语为the capital market。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为The initial signs f recvery in cnsumptin has a psitive effect n the capital market.
75. 值得一提的是，这个城市的权力部门迅速而有效地解决游客的投诉，这被认为是成功的危机管理。(address) (汉译英)
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【答案】It is wrth mentining that the city authrities quickly and effectively addressed turists’ cmplaints, which is regarded/cnsidered/seen as successful crisis management.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。“值得一提的是”可以用句型“It is wrth mentining that…”，It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。“这个城市的权利部门”可以翻译为“the city authrities”，该名词短语在句中作that从句中的主语。“解决”用动词“address”，该动词在从句中作谓语动词。that从句描述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。“迅速而有效地”可以翻译为“quickly and effectively”，两个并列副词修饰谓语动词。“游客的投诉”可以翻译为“turists’ cmplaints”，该名词短语作address的宾语。后面接which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰“the city authrities quickly and effectively addressed turists’ cmplaints”整个句子。“被认为是……”可用动词短语“be regarded/cnsidered/seen as…”，该短语在定语从句中作谓语动词。该从句中是对一般事实的描述，所以用一般现在时态。which指代整个句子，在从句中做主语，所以be动词用is。“成功的危机管理”可以翻译为“successful crisis management”。故翻译为It is wrth mentining that the city authrities quickly and effectively addressed turists’ cmplaints, which is regarded/cnsidered/seen as successful crisis management.
（八）
（2024年静安区二模）
52. 他在升旗仪式上的演讲得到了高声喝彩。(greet) (汉译英)
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【答案】His speech at the flag-raising ceremny was greeted with/by lud cheers/applause.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。主语为his speech；表示“在升旗仪式上”短语为at the flag-raising ceremny；表示“受到……”短语为be greeted with/by；表示“高声喝彩”可知短语为lud cheers/applause。为一般过去时的被动语态。故翻译为His speech at the flag-raising ceremny was greeted with/by lud cheers/applause.
53. 尽管现代娱乐方式五花八门，我还是深深着迷于中国传统的茶文化。(althugh) (汉译英)
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【答案】Althugh there are varius mdern entertainment ptins, I am still deeply fascinated by traditinal Chinese tea culture.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句和时态。根据汉语提示可知，本句为althugh引导的让步状语从句，主从句都为一般现在时。娱乐方式五花八门翻译为“varius mdern entertainment ptins”，作主语，句子为there be 句型。深深着迷于为be deeply fascinated by，中国传统的茶文化为traditinal Chinese tea culture。结合主谓一致，故翻译为：Althugh there are varius mdern entertainment ptins, I am still deeply fascinated by traditinal Chinese tea culture.
54. 这个人口众多，幅员辽阔，物资丰富的国家给我留下了深刻的印象。(impressin) (汉译英)
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【答案】This cuntry, with its large ppulatin, vast territry, and abundant/rich resurces, has left a deep impressin n me. /This densely ppulated, vast, and resurce-rich cuntry left a deep impressin n me.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态，形容词和名词。表示“这个国家”用this cuntry，修饰cuntry用“人口众多，幅员辽阔，物资丰富的”可以用形容词短语densely ppulated（人口密集的，densely副词修饰ppulated）, vast（广阔的）, and resurce-rich（且物资丰富的）修饰，也可以用with短语后置，译为：with its large ppulatin（有大的人口数）, vast territry（广袤的土地）, and abundant/rich resurces（和丰富的资源），作定语；表示“给我留下深刻的印象”用leave a deep impressin n me，句子描述过去的事情对现在产生影响，用现在完成时，也可以描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为This cuntry, with its large ppulatin, vast territry, and abundant/rich resurces, has left a deep impressin n me. /This densely ppulated, vast, and resurce-rich cuntry left a deep impressin n me.
55. 这款高科技智能机器人可以自主学习，智能识别并适应不同环境，确保高效、准确地完成各项任务。(ensure) (汉译英)
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【答案】This high-tech intelligent rbt can self-learn/autnmusly learn, intelligently recgnize, and adapt t different envirnments, ensuring efficient and accurate cmpletin f varius tasks.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、形容词、动词（短语）、副词、非谓语动词以及时态。此句介绍目前机器人的功能，用一般现在时；主语“这款高科技智能机器人”可用名词短语this high-tech intelligent rbt；“可以”应用情态动词can；“自主学习”可用动词self-learn，或副词autnmusly和动词learn搭配；“智能识别”可用副词intelligently和动词recgnize搭配，“适应”可用动词短语adapt t，“不同环境”可用名词短语different envirnments；“确保高效、准确地完成各项任务”可看作是随着前面谓语行为自然产生的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，“确保”可用动词ensure，“高效、准确地完成各项任务”可理解为“各项任务的高效、准确的完成”，可用名词短语efficient and accurate cmpletin f varius tasks。故可译为：This high-tech intelligent rbt can self-learn/autnmusly learn, intelligently recgnize, and adapt t different envirnments, ensuring efficient and accurate cmpletin f varius tasks.
（九）
（2024年浦东新区二模）
52. 玛丽把不需要的物品收拾起来，为上课作准备。(put) (汉译英)
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【答案】Mary put away the unnecessary items (s as) t get ready fr class.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时，形容词，动词不定式，固定短语。“玛丽”为Mary，put away意为“收起，放好”为固定短语，“不必要的”为unnecessary，item意为“物品”为可数名词，此处应使用复数，且特指不必要的物品，所以需要加上定冠词the；所以前半句为Mary put away the unnecessary items。表示“为了做某事”用s as t d sth.或者t d sth.；“为……做准备”为get ready fr sth.，所以后半句为(s as) t get ready fr class。故答案为Mary put away the unnecessary items (s as) t get ready fr class.
53. 他考试的时候太紧张了，完全想不起这个单词。(escape) (汉译英)
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【答案】He was s nervus in/ during the exam that the wrd escaped him cmpletely.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时，形容词，结果状语从句，介词，副词。根据汉语提示可知，此处“由于考试太紧张，以至于他完全想不起这个单词”，所以需要使用结果状语从句，s+adj.+that从句。表示“紧张的”用nervus，“在考试中”用during/in the exam；“完全想不起这个单词”意味着这个单词“逃离了他”。“单词”为wrd；“escape”意为逃脱，逃离；“完全地”为cmpletely；此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故答案为He was s nervus in/ during the exam that the wrd escaped him cmpletely.
54. 由于大量接触到当地人的语言，约翰不知不觉就学会了当地口音。(befre) (汉译英)
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【答案】Thrugh heavy expsure t/ Expsed a lt t lcal peple’s speech/ language, Jhn acquired/picked up their accent befre he realized it.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语、名词、时间状语从句和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“由于大量接触到当地人的语言”应为介词短语Thrugh heavy expsure/Expsed a lt t lcal peple’s speech；表示“学会，习得”应为动词短语pick up；表示“他们的口音”为名词短语their accent；后接连词befre引导的时间状语从句，表示“意识到”为动词realize；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时。故翻译为：Thrugh heavy expsure t/ Expsed a lt t lcal peple’s speech/ language, Jhn acquired/picked up their accent befre he realized it.
55. 当我们在互联网上发布信息时，必须考虑潜在的后果，因为某些细节可能会被媒体误解或夸大。(likely) (汉译英)
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【答案】When we pst infrmatin n the Internet, it’s essential t cnsider its ptential cnsequences, as certain details are likely t be misinterpreted r verstated by the media.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、固定句型和时态。根据句中的“当……时”可知，这里应用when引导时间状语从句，根据句中的“因为……”可知，这里应用as引导原因状语从句。“在互联网上”可表示为n the Internet；“发布信息”可表示为pst infrmatin；“必须……”可用固定句型it’s essential t d...表示；“考虑”可表示为cnsider；“潜在的”可表示为ptential；“后果”可表示为cnsequences；“某些细节”可表示为certain details；“可能……”可用固定句型be likely t d...表示，主语为certain details，谓语应用复数形式；“媒体”可表示为the media；“误解”可表示为misinterpret；“夸大”可表示为verstate。根据句意可知，这里陈述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时。故本句可翻译为：When we pst infrmatin n the Internet, it’s essential t cnsider its ptential cnsequences, as certain details are likely t be misinterpreted r verstated by the media.
（十）
（2024年普陀区二模）
72. 这个摄影师坚持每天用一张照片记录生活。(dcument) （汉译英）
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【答案】The phtgrapher insists n dcumenting his life with a pht every day.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。“这个摄影师”翻译为the phtgrapher，在句中作主语；“坚持做某事”用短语 insist n ding sth.；“记录生活”翻译为dcument his life；“每天用一张照片”翻译为with a pht。根据句中时间状语every day可知，用一般现在时。主语是the phtgrapher，谓语动词用第三人称单数单数形式。故翻译为The phtgrapher insists n dcumenting his life with a pht every day.
73. 上海是一座迷人的城市，因此市民和游客昵称上海为“魔都”。(nickname) （汉译英）
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【答案】Shanghai is a charming city s citizens and turists nickname Shanghai as “Mdu”.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。此处为s连接的并列句，第一句主语为Shanghai；表示“是一座迷人的城市”用be a charming city；表示“市民和游客”应用复数名词citizens and turists，作主语；表示“昵称上海为“魔都””翻译为nickname Shanghai as “Mdu”。描述客观事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为Shanghai is a charming city, s citizens and turists nickname Shanghai as “Mdu”.
74. 人们常常抱怨飞机餐难吃，主要是因为在飞机上人们的味觉和嗅觉都会暂时失灵。(cmplain) （汉译英）
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【答案】Peple ften cmplain abut airline fd, mainly because peple’s sense f taste and smell will be temprarily lst n the plane.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和原因状语从句。“人们”翻译为peple，在句中作主语；“常常”用副词ften，所以用一般现在时；“抱怨”用短语cmplain abut；“飞机餐”翻译为airline fd；“主要是”用副词mainly；“因为”用连词because，引导原因状语从句；从句陈述将要发生的事情，用一般将来时；“人们的味觉和嗅觉”翻译为 peple’s sense f taste and smell，在从句中作主语；“都会暂时失灵”翻译为be temprarily lst；“在飞机上”翻译为n the plane。故翻译为Peple ften cmplain abut airline fd, mainly because peple’s sense f taste and smell will be temprarily lst n the plane.
75. 这部电影充满正能量，它用一个女孩的成长经历激励人们在人生道路上不断挑战自我，努力成为更好的自己。（which）（汉译英）
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【答案】This film is full f psitive energy, which uses a girl’s experience f grwing up t inspire peple t challenge themselves in life and try t be a better versin f themselves.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、非谓语、时态和定语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“这部电影”翻译为this film，在句中作主语；“充满”用短语be full f；“正能量”翻译为 psitive energy；陈述前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句；“用一个女孩的成长经历”翻译为 use a girl’s experience f grwing up，后接不定式作目的状语；“激励某人做某事”用短语inspire sb. t d sth.；“挑战自我”用短语challenge neselve；“人生道路上”翻译为in life；“努力做某事”用短语try t d sth.；“成为更好的自己”翻译为be a better versin f themselves。故翻译为This film is full f psitive energy, which uses a girl’s experience f grwing up t inspire peple t challenge themselves in life and try t be a better versin f themselves.

市西中学高三年级2024学年第一学期期中考试
52. 王老师知识面广博, 被他的学生称为“活字典”。(refer)
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【答案】Mr. Wang has a wide range f knwledge and is referred t as a “walking dictinary” by his students.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“王老师”翻译为Mr. Wang；“知识面广博”用短语a wide range f knwledge；“被……称为”用短语be referred t as；“活字典”翻译为walking dictinary；“被他的学生”翻译为by his students。故翻译为Mr. Wang has a wide range f knwledge and is referred t as a “walking dictinary” by his students.
53. 这本小册子使我相信价格中包含送货费, 但事实并非如此。(lead)
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【答案】This bklet led me t believe that the delivery fee was included in the price, but it wasn’t the case.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、语态和宾语从句。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。“这本小册子”翻译为This bklet；“使某人做某事”用短语lead sb. t d sth.；“相信”用动词believe，后接宾语从句。从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。“送货费”翻译为 the delivery fee，在从句中作主语；“包含”用动词include，与从句主语之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；“价格中”翻译为 in the price；“但事实并非如此”翻译为 but it wasn’t the case。故翻译为This bklet led me t believe that the delivery fee was included in the price, but it wasn’t the case.
54. 许多体重正常的人, 无论男女, 都对时尚杂志中那些超瘦的模特儿无法产生认同感。(identify)
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【答案】Many peple with nrmal weight, bth men and wmen, can’t identify with the extremely skinny mdels in fashin magazines.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“许多体重正常的人”翻译为many peple with nrmal weight；“无论男女”翻译为bth men and wmen；“认同”用短语 identify with；“超瘦的模特儿”翻译为extremely skinny mdel；“时尚杂志”翻译为 fashin magazine。故翻译为Many peple with nrmal weight, bth men and wmen, can’t identify with the extremely skinny mdels in fashin magazines.
55. 只有极少数物种在这场严重的森林大火中幸存, 这对当地的生态乃至社会经济发展将产生深远的影响。（which）
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【答案】Only a very few species have survived the serius frest fire, which will have a prfund impact n the lcal eclgy and even the scial and ecnmic develpment.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。“只有”用副词nly，“极少数物种”翻译为a very few species；“幸存”用动词survive；“在这场严重的森林大火中”翻译为the serius frest fire；“这”指代前文“只有极少数物种在这场严重的森林大火中幸存”，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句；“对……产生影响”用短语have an impact n；“深远的”用形容词 prfund；“当地的生态”翻译为 lcal eclgy；“社会经济发展”翻译为scial and ecnmic develpment。根据句意，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般将来时。故翻译为：Only a very few species have survived the serius frest fire, which will have a prfund impact n the lcal eclgy and even the scial and ecnmic develpment.
华东师大二附中2024学年第一学期10月英语试卷
52. 自发行以来，这款游戏席卷了游戏界，三天内在所有平台上售出了超过1000万份。(release) （汉译英）
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【答案】Since its release this game has swept the gaming industry, selling mre than 10 millin cpies n all platfrms within three days.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态与固定表达。表示“自发行以来”用since its release，其为现在完成时时间标志；“席卷了游戏界”用短语sweep the gaming industry；表示“三天内”用within three days；表示“售出了超过1000万份给……”用sell mre than 10 millin cpies，此处使用现在分词作状语；表示“所有的平台”用all platfrms。故翻译Since its release, this game has swept the gaming industry, selling mre than 10 millin cpies n all platfrms within three days.
53. 为了让打斗场面在技术和艺术上更具吸引力，制作团队融合了中国武术和传统戏曲的多种元素.（integrate）（汉译英）
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【答案】The prductin team integrated varius elements f Chinese martial arts and traditinal pera t make the fight scenes mre appealing bth technically and artistically.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、形容词、非谓语动词、名词。表示“制作团队”用the prductin team，作主语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“融合”用integrate，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“多种的”用形容词varius，作前置定语，修饰名词“元素”。表示“元素”用element，用复数形式，作integrated的宾语。表示“中国武术”用Chinese martial arts，表示“传统戏曲”用traditinal pera。表示“中国武术和传统戏曲的多种元素”用varius elements f Chinese martial arts and traditinal pera。表示“使得，让”用make，用不定式，作目的状语。表示“打斗场面”用fight scene，用复数形式，作make的宾语。表示“更具吸引力”用mre appealing，作宾补。表示“在技术和艺术上”用bth technically and artistically，作状语。故答案为：The prductin team integrated varius elements f Chinese martial arts and traditinal pera t make the fight scenes mre appealing bth technically and artistically.
54. 作为中国第一款高成本、高质量的国产游戏，它根据玩家在游戏中发现的任何可选任务或隐藏的秘密，提供了多重结局.（whatever）（汉译英）
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【答案】As China's first high-cst and high-quality dmestic game, it ffers multiple endings accrding t whatever ptinal tasks r hidden secrets players find in the game.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。“作为”可表达为 as；“中国第一款高成本、高质量的国产游戏”可翻译为China's first high-cst and high-quality dmestic game；“提供”可用ffer；“多重结局”为multiple endings；“根据”可表达为accrding t；“玩家在游戏中发现的任何可选任务或隐藏的秘密”可翻译为whatever ptinal tasks r hidden secrets players find in the game，其中players find in the game为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词secrets。故整句话翻译为As China's first high-cst and high-quality dmestic game, it ffers multiple endings accrding t whatever ptinal tasks r hidden secrets players find in the game.
55. 通过尖端的动作捕捉技术，可以从各个角度记录穿着有反射点的定制服装的专业演员的动作，并将其处理成虚拟数据，最终呈现在游戏角色上。（with）（汉译英）
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【答案】With advanced mtin capture technlgy recrding the mvements f prfessinal actrs wearing custm cstumes with reflective markers frm varius angles, the data can be prcessed int virtual frm and ultimately presented in vide game characters.
【解析】
【详解】考查with复合结构、动词语态、非谓语动词。表示“采用先进的动作捕捉技术，从不同角度记录穿着定制服装的专业演员的动作，并带有反光标记”用with复合结构，with位于句首，首字母大写；表示“先进的”用形容词advanced，作前置定语，修饰“动作捕捉技术”；表示“动作捕捉技术”用mtin capture technlgy，作With的宾语；表示“记录”用recrd，用现在分词，作宾补；表示“职业演员的动作”用the mvements f prfessinal actrs，作recrding的宾语；表示“穿着”用wear，用现在分词，作后置定语；表示“带有反光标记的定制服装”用custm cstumes with reflective markers，作wearing的宾语；表示“从各个角度”用frm varius angles。表示“数据”用data，作主语，此处为特指，data前加the；表示“处理成”用prcess... int...，与主语为被动关系，用can be prcessed int表示“可以被处理为”；表示“虚拟的形式”用virtual frm，作宾语；表示“呈现”用present，与主语为被动关系，用过去分词，与prcessed为并列关系，用连词and连接；表示“最终”用ultimately，表示“在游戏角色上”用in vide game characters。故翻译为：With advanced mtin capture technlgy recrding the mvements f prfessinal actrs wearing custm cstumes with reflective markers frm varius angles, the data can be prcessed int virtual frm and ultimately presented in vide game characters.
2024学年向明中学9月高三年学科检测
52. 你越是关注负面情绪，就越难将注意力转移到其他事情。(The mre…the mre )(汉译英)
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【答案】The mre yu fcus n negative emtins, the mre difficult it is t shift yur attentin t ther things.
【解析】
【详解】考查比较级结构、动词短语和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。表示“越…越…”应用比较级结构The mre…the mre…；表示“关注”应用动词短语fcus n；表示“负面情绪”应用negative emtins；表示“将注意力转移到其他事情”应用shift yur attentin t ther things，其中shift表示“转移”，t引导方向。“做某事困难”用it is difficult t d。故翻译为The mre yu fcus n negative emtins, the mre difficult it is t shift yur attentin t ther things.
53. 中秋节吃象征团圆和和谐的月饼是由来已久的传统。(It)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】It is a time-hnred traditin t eat mncakes at Mid-Autumn Festival whse symbl is reunin and harmny.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“在中秋节”含义的表达为：at Mid-Autumn Festival；表示“象征”含义的表达为：symbl；表示“团圆和和谐”含义的表达为：reunin and harmny；表示“由来已久的传统”应使用短语time-hnred traditin；表示“吃月饼”应使用动词不定式t eat mncakes，因为这里描述的是一个动作，即在中秋节做的特定行为；“象征团圆和和谐”在句中作为定语从句修饰mncakes，因引导词在定语从句中作定语，使用关系代词whse引导定语从句；“It d sth.”是固定句型，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。故翻译为It is a time-hnred traditin t eat mncakes at Mid-Autumn Festival whse symbl is reunin and harmny。
54. 出于安全起见，当局坚持要求游客在游览观光时不要偏离标记的路径。(sake)
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【答案】Fr the sake f safety, the authrities insist that turists shuld nt deviate frm the marked paths when sightseeing.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、宾语从句和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。表示“出于……起见”短语为fr the sake f；“当局”可译为the authrities；“坚持要求”可用insist that，后面接宾语从句，用虚拟语气，即(shuld) d；“偏离”可译为deviate frm；“标记的路径”可译为marked paths；“在游览观光时”可译为 when sightseeing。故翻译为Fr the sake f safety, the authrities insist that turists shuld nt deviate frm the marked paths when sightseeing.
55. 这个开创性的发现注定会消除科学界对我们的偏见，为进一步提高燃料效能铺就道路。 (bund)(汉译英)
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【答案】This grundbreaking discvery is bund t dispel the biases in the scientific cmmunity and pave the way fr further imprvements in fuel efficiency.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、动词短语和时态。表示“开创性的”应用形容词grundbreaking；表示“注定会”应用be bund t结构，其中bund是形容词，表示“一定会，注定会”，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“消除偏见”应用动词短语dispel the biases；表示“铺就道路”应用固定短语pave the way fr；表示“进一步提高燃料效能”应用fr further imprvements in fuel efficiency。故翻译为This grundbreaking discvery is bund t dispel the biases in the scientific cmmunity and pave the way fr further imprvements in fuel efficiency.
2022年1月春考
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
72他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出了。(since)
【参考答案】
It has been decades since he saw/witnessed such a spectacular sunrise.
He hasn't seen such a magnificent sunrise since decades ag.
Decades has passed since he last witnessed the impsing/glrius/splendid/ impressive/spectacular sunrise
考察句型：it has been+时间段+since…
73小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来的丰收。(sw)
【参考答案】
Xia Zhang swed the seeds in the field yesterday, hping fr a gd harvest in the cming year.
Xia Zhang swed the seeds in the field yesterday in anticipatin f a gd harvest in the cming year.
Xia Zhang swed the seeds in the field yesterday, expecting a gd harvest next year
Xia Zhang swed the seeds in the field yesterday, lking frward t a gd harvest in the cming year.
Xia Zhang swed in the field yesterday, in(the) hpe f having a gd harvest fr the cming year.
考察不规则动词变化：sw-swed-swn(swed)
考察同一句中多个动词的非谓语用法。
74鉴于手机打车不熟悉的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few)
【参考答案】
Given that there are quite a few senirs wh are nt prficient in cell phne cabs, the cmpany ffers a range f services t meet their needs.
Cnsidering that there are quite a few elderly peple wh are unfamiliar with the usage f taxi-hailing apps, the cmpany has prvided a series f services t meet their needs.
Given(the fact)that/In cnsideratin f the fact that/In (the) light f the fact that/In view f the fact that/ Cnsidering(that) quite a few elderly peple/senir citizens are unfamiliar with/ are nt familiar with/are nt skilled in taking a taxi with mbile phne/using mbile phne t take a taxi, this cmpany ffers/prvides/presents/furnishes/affrds/supplies a series f/a range f/an aray f services t respnd t/cater t/meet/satisfy/serve/answer address their needs/demands.
考察句型：“鉴于…”cnsidering…; given that…;
考察短语：“不在少数”quite a few
75正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寂已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It)
【参考答案】
It is because f/due t/wning t the custmer-riented cncept that this lng-lst cmmunity mall has been able t return t the public eye.
It was due t the implementatin f custmer-riented philsphy that the deserted/deslated cmmunity shpping mall was brught back t the public eye.
It was because f the implementatin f the custmer-riented/custmer-based custmer-first" principle
/philsphy that this lng-failing/almst-deserted/ dead-silent/lifeless cmmunity shpping mall returned t public's attentin/regained public's attentin/came back t the sight f the public.
考察句型:“正是因为…”的强调句表达；it is/was…that…
考察短语：“顾客为本”：custmer-riented；“落寞已久”：lng-neglected/deslated/deserted;“重回大众视野”：regain public attentin/ back t the public eye.
2021年1月春考
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
72. 羽毛球馆空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？(hw cme)
【答案及解析】
The badmintn curt/hall/gym/stadium is empty, but /and hw cme the light(s) is/are still n?
Or: Hw cme the light is still n when there is nbdy in the badmintn stadium.
Or:There's nbdy in the badmintn stadium. Hw cmes the light is still n?
此句中包含四字语“空无一人”, 这里需要注意hw cme和why的去区别，特别是在口语化的场景下大量使用hw cme代替why，但是注意两者语序的差别，why后面是部分到状语序，而why是陈述语序。
73. 我花了三天时间画了一幅风景画，庆祝曾祖父的一百岁寿辰。(take)
【答案及解析】
It tk me three days t paint a landscape t celebrate my great-grandfather’s 100th birthday.
Or: It tk me three days t paint a landscape t cngratulate n my great grand 100th birthday.
Or: It takes me three days t draw a landscape t celebrate my great grandfather birthday.
此句中的“风景画”翻译为landscape，在考纲词汇中，是其第二个意思。take作为花费的句型表达：It takes/tk sb sme time t d sth，用it形式主语，不定式作真正主语。此外"曾祖父"翻译为 great grandfather。
74. 在太空遨游一周后，载人飞船安全着陆，那一刻，原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾。(The instant)
【答案及解析】
The instant the manned spaceship landed safely after flying in space fr a week, the quiet launch centre explded with jyful cheers.
The instant the manned spacecraft landed safely after a week’s travel in the universe, the previusly silent launching center burst int great jy.
The instant the manned spacecraft landed safely after a week’s travel in space, the previusly silent launching center burst int great jy.
此句中有四字语“安全着路”翻译为land safely。“一片欢腾”翻译为burst int great jy由于提示词有大写字母，实际考查“一就“引导的时间状语从句，用as sn as作为基本用法。as sn as...可译为一……就……，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。
He will cme and see yu as sn as he can.
他一有空就来看你。
He rushed hme as sn as he gt the gd news.
他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。
同时这个结构用四种变形：
（1）一……就……还可以用n/ upn ding 结构来表示
On arriving hme he called up Lester.
= As sn as he arrived hme, he called up Lester.
（2）immediately/ instantly/ directly
相当于as sn as，从句中用一般过去时态。
They phned her immediately they reached hme.
他一到家马上就给她打了电话。
I recgnized her instantly I caught a glimpse f her.
我一看见她就把她认出来了。
We came directly we gt yur telephne.
我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。
（3）the mment/ the minute/ the instant/ the secnd
这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句。
He said he'd turn n TV the mment he gt hme.
他说他一到家就打开电视机。
Tell him I need t see him the minute he arrives.
告诉他，他一到我就要见他。
The secnd the bell rang, the students rushed ut f the classrm.
铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。
（4）hardly / scarcely…when; n sner…than
这两个短语都表示刚……就……，可以互换，主句通常用去完成时。
He had n sner started ut than he felt hmesick.
他刚出发就想起家来。
He had hardly started his speech when smene rse t refute his pints.
他刚开始发言，就有人站起来反驳他的论点。
注意：
当hardly, scarcely, n sner 位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。
Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knck at the dr wke her up.
她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒。
N sner was the frst ff the grund than the wrk began.
地上的霜一消散, 人们就开始工作了。
75. 这条小溪蜿蜒流淌，陪伴着世代居住的村民，见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(cmpany)
【答案及解析】
The river that winds its way, in the cmpany f the villagers wh have lived there fr generatins, has witnessed the nging changes in the village.
The winding river has kept the villagers’ cmpany wh have lived here fr generatins and witnessed the rapid changes f the village.
The winding stream is in cmpany with the villagers all the time wh have lived here fr generatins, witnessing the rapid changes f the village.
注意此句中的四字语“蜿蜒流淌”winding。wind的作为名词是风的意思，作为动词就是“蜿蜒前进”。“日新月异” rapid changes。此外就是提示词cmpany是名词，因为考纲里给的就是名词，我们首先想到的就是短语：keep sb’s cmpany（变形为keep cmpany f sb）或者in cmpany with。这里个别人用cmpany动词，不过其可以作为动词是词典里面的用法，超出考纲范围，更为重要的是同学们还学到动词accmpany表示陪伴，很少用到cmpany作为动词。这个作为名词，表示“陪伴”属于熟词生义现象。
2020年1月春考
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
72.我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate)
We really/deeply/truly appreciate their effrt t preserve the Shanghai dialect
We really/deeply/truly appreciate the effrt (that) they have made t preserve the Shanghai dialect.
We appreciate it deeply/a lt/very much that they have made their effrt t preserve the Shanghai dialect.
分析：
① 非常：放前面可以用really/deeply/truly，放在句式句可用deeply/a lt/very much
② 感谢：appreciate考纲主要给出了2种用法
a. 欣赏；赏识；重视 —— appreciate sb./sth.
appreciate freign literature 欣赏到外国文学原著
Her family desn't appreciate her. 她的家人不重视她。
b. 感激；感谢；欢迎【本句翻译为此种用法，不可用We appreciate them fr their 】
appreciate sth.
appreciate her help 感激她的帮忙
appreciate ding sth.
I dn't appreciate being treated like a secnd-class citizen. 我不愿被人当作二等公民。
appreciate (sb.) (ding) sth.
We wuld appreciate yu letting us knw f any prblems. 如有任何问题，请告诉我们。
③ 上海方言为专有名词，前面必须加the，即：the Shanghai dialect
73. 正如这本小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。(As)
As is intrduced in the bklet/brchure/leaflet, the drivers here share the habit f plitely giving way t/making way fr the pedestrians.
The drivers here have a gd habit f plitely waiting till the pedestrians g/crss (the street) first, as is intrduced in this bklet.
① 小册子可以写作：bklet/brchure/leaflet
② 正如小册子介绍的那样可写作：As is intrduced in the brchure或As the brchure puts it【更为地道，主语人、物均可】
③ as引导非限定性定语从句，也可放在开头或结尾
④ 都有某种习惯建议用share the habit f ding sth.表达更为地道
74. 每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule)
These cllege students make it a rule t vlunteer in the rphanage every Wednesday, teaching/shwing/demnstrating/instructing the kids skills/crafts like paper-cutting and weaving/knitting.
Thse cllege students make it a rule t g t the rphanage t wrk as vlunteers every Wednesday, teaching/shwing/demnstrating/instructing the rphans t d paper cutting and knitting.
These cllege students make it a rule t g t the rphanage Every Wednesday as vlunteers t teach/shw/demnstrate/instruct the children hw t cut paper and knit.
75. 这首歌在今年艺术节上首发时，因其旋律欢快，风格诙谐引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。(when)
The sng became/was a hit/caused a sensatin fr its jyful/cheerful rhythm and witty style when (it was) first perfrmed at the Art Festival this year, but its ppularity didn’t last lng/but it is just like a flash in the pan.
When first perfrmed at the Art Festival this year, this sng caused a sensatin because f /due t/wing t/thanks t/fr its cheerful *meldy and cmic style, but it didn’t last lng/but it lasted nly (fr) a very shrt time/perid.