第13讲： 句子翻译之常考句型及四字格专练-2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（上海专用）

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知识梳理
演练
【考情链接】
上海高考英语翻译题，是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中汉译英多为简单句或复合句，题目所给定的提示词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。上海历年高考中译英的考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。值得注意的是近年试题中经常出现一些华丽的中文词藻或日常生活化表达。
【要点梳理】
重点句型
1．倒装句型
否定词及否定意思的短语位于句首
Only+状语(介词、副词、从句)位于句首
S/Such 位于句首
adj. / adv. / n. / v. + as / thugh + S + V ( 让步状语从句)
【典型例题】
(2011年高考）1.自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。 (N lnger)
【答案】N lnger has she kept in tuch with us since she went abrad fr further study / educatin.
(2013年高考）2.她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。（N sner)
【答案】 N sner had she watched the TV prgram n the extinct species than she made up her mind t jin the wildlife prtectin rganizatin.
2．There be句型 常描述存在或有无的关系，有具体的时态和非谓语形式。
There is n need (fr sb.)t d...
There is n dubt that...
There is n sense/pint ding...
There is n pssibility that...
There is n denying that...
【典型例题】
（2016年高考）1.为买一双运动鞋而通宵排队有意义吗？(pint)
【答案】Is there any pint lining up fr the whle night just t buy a pair f sprts shes?
3.as句型
as译为“随着”
as译为“正如”，用于非限制性定语从句
as译为“虽然” 表语／状语／谓语动词原形 ＋as ＋ 主谓
as…as 像…一样…
【典型例题】
(2019年秋考）1.随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那位业余自行车手的夺冠梦想不再遥不可及。（nrmal)
【答案】 As his physical strength returns t nrmal, the amateur cyclist’s dream f winning a champinship
will n lnger be beynd reach.
(2020 年春考）2. 正如那本小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。（As）
As is intrduced in the bklet/brchure/leaflet, the drivers here share the habit f plitely giving way t/making way fr pedestrians.
As the brchure put it, all the drivers here frm the habit f plitely waiting till the pedestrians g/crss (the street) first.

4. 形式主语或形式宾语it：
常需要用形式主语来翻译的情况：
It做形式主语（指代t d/ding/主语从句）
（1）It’s + adj. + f/fr sb. t d sth.
（2）It s happened that…
（3）It’s reprted/ believed/ estimated that…
（4）在含有某些形容词的句子中，如imprtant, necessary, impssible, natural, cmmn, strange等。
（5）It’s likely that…
（6）It is the first / secnd time that …have dne；
It was the first time that…had dne;
It is (high/abut) time that…did；
It is time fr sb. t d sth.
（7）It is up t sb t d sth.
【典型例题】
1.(2010年高考）我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（nce）
【答案】We all agree that nce the cnclusin f the investigatin is drawn, it will be made knwn t the public as sn as pssible.
2.（2012年高考）能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)
【答案】It is a difficult prblem fr high schl students whether they can resist the temptatin f nline games.
it做形式宾语（指代t d/ding/宾语从句）
find / feel / think / cnsider + it + adj. / n. +（fr sb) + t d sth. / that…
make it a rule t d / that …雷打不动。。。
3.（2020春考）每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。（a rule）
These cllege students make it a rule t vlunteer in the rphanage every Wednesday, teaching/shwing/demnstrating/instructing the kids hw t paper-cut and knit.
These cllege students make it a rule t g t the rphanage as vlunteers every Wednesday, teaching/shwing/demnstrating/instructing the kids t d paper-cutting and weaving/knitting.
It用于强调句型（陈述，一般疑问，特殊疑问）
4.直到20世纪后期，中国运动员才以他们在奥运会上的杰出表现让世界对他们刮目相看。（）
It was nt until the late twentieth century that Chinese athletes began t surprise the wrld with their excellent perfrmances at the Olympics.
5.名词性从句what句型，译为“……的是”
What matters is ...
What impresses/surprises/interests
What sb be cncerned abut is ...
【典型例题】
1.（2015年高考）这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。(W h a t)
【答案】What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn hw t cpe with prblems in real life.
2.(2019年秋考）究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？（mtivate）
【答案】What n earth has mtivated Xia Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative t majr in electrnic engineering?
6.状语从句while, when, befre和since句型
while...， 虽然…但是（仍旧）…..., while ..., 而……
...正在...这时突然
... had hardly dne... when... did... 一就
It will be/was +时段befre+句子
It is/has been+时段since+一般过去时的句子
【典型例题】
1.（2016高考）我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(The mment…)
【答案】The mment my aunt gained her diplma after fur years f hard wrk, she was filled with jy.
2.（2019秋考）值得一提的是，在王老师的影响下，她（他）的同事们更关注孩子们的努力，而不是他们的成绩。（as…as…）
What is wrth mentining is that under Mrs.（Mr.）Wang’s influence her clleagues lay nt as
much emphasis n their kids’ perfrmance as n their effrt.
课堂精练
演练
【例题精讲】
1.(2012高考）在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demnstrate)
At the exhibitin, the cmpany’s sales manager demnstrated the new (type f) electrnic tys (witch/ that) children were lking frward t.
2.（2013高考）演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar)
The perfrmance began with a piece f classical music which was familiar t peple in their fifties.
3.(2016高考） 我真的希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。（hpe）
I really hpe that my article will be published in a newspaper smeday.
4.（2016高考）我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(The mment…)
The mment my aunt gained her diplma after fur years f hard wrk, she was filled with jy.
5. (2019春考）博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。（whse）
This museum is nt well managed, whse exhibits are cvered with dust, and there are few visitrs, s everything is badly in need f imprvement.
或
The museum whse management is reckless, whse exhibits are piled with dust and whse lbby is deserted, requires immediate imprvement.
6.（2019秋考）与他学生时代相比，那位士兵简直判若两人。（Hw）
Hw different a persn the sldier nw is frm what he was at schl!
7.（2019秋考）随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那位业余自行车手的夺冠梦想不再遥不可及。（nrmal）
As his physical strength returns t nrmal, the amateur cyclist’s dream f winning a champinship will n lnger be beynd reach.
8.（2017年高考）1.有人声称这个减肥丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害。但事实远非如此。(It)
It is claimed that weight-lss pills have an effective and immediate effect and are harmless / d n harm t ur bdy, but it is far frm the truth / case.
9.（2014年高考）将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up t)
It's up t yu what kind f life yu will lead in the future.
10.(2019春考）让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。（s）
T my parents' satisfactin, the dining rm f this apartment verlks the Century Park ppsite the street and s it is with the sitting rm.
或者 What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park frm the dining rm f this apartment, s can they frm the living rm.
课后反馈
演练
（十一）
（2024年青浦区二模）
72. 在面试时，他尽力表明自己经验丰富。 (clear) (汉译英)
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【答案】During the interview, he tried his best t make it clear that he was experienced/with rich experience/had rich experience.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“在面试时”短语为during the interview；主语为he；表示“尽力”为try ne’s best t d sth.；表示“表明”为make it clear that；it做形式宾语，that为真正的宾语。主语为he；表示“经验丰富”短语为be experienced/with rich experience/have rich experience。为一般过去时。故翻译为During the interview, he tried his best t make it clear that he was experienced/with rich experience/had rich experience.
73. 最近热播的电视剧激发了不少人学习上海话的热情。(enthusiasm) (汉译英)
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【答案】The recent ppular TV series (has) arused many peple’s enthusiasm fr learning Shanghai dialect.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“最近热播的电视剧”应用the recent ppular TV series，作主语；表示“激发”应用动词aruse；表示“不少人学习上海话的热情”翻译为many peple’s enthusiasm fr learning Shanghai dialect。可用一般过去时或现在完成时。故翻译为The recent ppular TV series (has) arused many peple’s enthusiasm fr learning Shanghai dialect.
74. 旅游目的地人潮涌动，这诠释了人们对美好生活的追求，也展现了繁荣的经济。(full) (汉译英)
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【答案】Turist destinatins are full f visitrs, which illustrates/interprets peple’s pursuit f a beautiful/gd life and presents a bming ecnmy.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、时态、固定短语、定语从句、形容词。表示“旅游目的地”用turist destinatin，结合句意可知，旅游目的地不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作主语，turist位于句首，首字母大写。表示“充满”用be full f，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Turist destinatins，故be动词用are。表示“游客”用visitr，结合句意可知，游客不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作f的宾语。表示“这诠释了人们对美好生活的追求，也展现了繁荣的经济。”用定语从句，修饰主句，关系词代替主句在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。从句中：表示“诠释”用illustrate/interpret，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语which指代主句，故谓语用第三人称单数。表示“人们对美好生活的追求”用peple’s pursuit f a beautiful/gd life，作illustrates/interprets的宾语；表示“展现”用present，与illustrates/interprets并列，用第三人称单数，用连词and与illustrates/interprets连接。表示“繁荣的”用形容词bming，作定语，修饰“经济”；表示“经济”用ecnmy，作presents的宾语。故翻译为Turist destinatins are full f visitrs, which illustrates/interprets peple’s pursuit f a beautiful/gd life and presents a bming ecnmy.
75. 面对日益严重的老龄化问题，“银色经济”旨在回应老年人核心关切，提升老年人幸福感，并为经济注入新的驱动力。(intend) (汉译英)
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【答案】In (the) face f an increasingly serius aging issue, the “silver ecnmy” is intended t respnd t the cre cncerns f the elderly (peple), strengthen their sense f happiness, and intrduce new driving frce int the ecnmy.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。“面对”表达为in (the) face f；“日益严重的”表达为increasingly serius，由副词increasingly修饰形容词serius；“老龄化问题”表达为an aging issue；“银色经济”表达为the silver ecnmy；“旨在做某事”表达为be intended t d...；“回应”表达为respnd t；“老年人核心关切”表达为the cre cncern f the elderly (peple)；“提升老年人幸福感”表达为strengthen their sense f happiness；“新的驱动力”表达为new driving frce；“为注入”表达为；“经济”表达为ecnmy。根据句意可知，此句主句为“银色经济旨在回应老年人核心关切，提升老年人幸福感，并为经济注入新的驱动力”， the “silver ecnmy”为主语，be intended t d为谓语动词，respnd t，strengthen和intrduce三个动词并列，作be intended t d的动词；“面对日益严重的老龄化问题”表达为In (the) face f an increasingly serius aging issue，在句中作状语。此句陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故翻译为：In (the) face f an increasingly serius aging issue, the “silver ecnmy” is intended t respnd t the cre cncerns f the elderly (peple), strengthen their sense f happiness, and intrduce new driving frce int the ecnmy.
（十二）
（2024年闵行区二模）
72. 这种新产品防水耐高温，卖得很好。(resistant) (汉译英)
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【答案】The new prduct is resistant t water and heat, and sells well.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。这种新产品是主语译为“the new prduct”，短语be resistant t，意为“抵抗……的”，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语单数，谓语第三人称单数形式，水和高温作宾语，译为“water and heat”，卖得很好译为“sell well”，和前半句并列用and的连接，所以sell也用一般现在时，并且用第三人称单数形式，故翻译为The new prduct is resistant t water and heat, and sells well.
73. 短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？(accunt) (汉译英)
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【答案】What accunts fr the grwing ppularity f shrt vides?
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“短视频越来越受欢迎的原因是什么？”即“什么因素导致了短视频越来越受欢迎？”，“短视频”为“shrt vides”，“越来越受欢迎”为“grwing ppularity”，则“短视频越来越受欢迎”为“the grwing ppularity f shrt vides”，“导致，解释”为“accunt fr”，句子描述的是客观存在的现状，谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语“什么”为“what”，谓语动词使用单数，故翻译为What accunts fr the grwing ppularity f shrt vides?
74. 外国游客对山顶寺庙中的中国古代艺术作品惊叹不已，流连忘返。(marvel) (汉译英)
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【答案】Freign turists marveled at the ancient Chinese art wrks in the temple at the peak f the muntain, reluctant t leave. (and didn’t want t leave.)
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和形容词。外国游客翻译为“Freign turists”，对……惊叹不已翻译为“marvele at”，山顶寺庙中的中国古代艺术作品翻译为“the ancient Chinese art wrks in the temple at the peak f the muntain”，句子在陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。流连忘返为“reluctant t leave”，为形容词作状语。故翻译为：Freign turists marveled at the ancient Chinese art wrks in the temple at the peak f the muntain, reluctant t leave. (and didn’t want t leave.)
75. 这个提案聚焦如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性，我觉得评审小组会感兴趣。(appeal t) (汉译英)
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【答案】The prpsal/bill fcuses n hw t prtect teenagers’ nature f freedm and activeness, which I think will appeal t the review grup.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、定语从句、固定短语。表示“这个提案”用the prpsal或the bill，做主语；表示“聚焦”用fcus n；表示“如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性”用疑问词加不定式形式，即hw t prtect teenagers’ nature f freedm and activeness，作宾语；结合句意，应使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式，故主句翻译为The prpsal/bill fcuses n hw t prtect teenagers’ nature f freedm and activeness；之后的部分可以用which引导非限制性定语从句，表示主句这件事会使得评审小组感兴趣；I think作为插入语放在引导词之后； appeal t sb.“对某人有吸引力”，为固定短语；表示“评审小组”用review grup放在appeal t后作宾语；结合句子意思可知，该部分应使用一般将来时。故翻译为The prpsal/bill fcuses n hw t prtect teenagers’ nature f freedm and activeness, which I think will appeal t the review grup.
（十三）
（2024年松江区二模）
52. 大多数中国人喜欢在生日的时候吃碗面。(tend) (汉译英)
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【答案】Mst Chinese peple tend t eat a bwl f ndles n their birthdays.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。“大多数中国人”可翻译为“mst Chinese peple”，该名词短语在句中作主语。“tend t d sth.”意为“倾向于做……”。tend在句中作谓语动词。本句话描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数，所以谓语动词用原形；“在生日的时候吃碗面”可以翻译为“eat a bwl f ndles n their birthdays”，their指代“mst Chinese peple”。故翻译为Mst Chinese peple tend t eat a bwl f ndles n their birthdays.
53. 这家软件公司会从技术上保护设计师的创意。(perspective) (汉译英)
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【答案】The sftware cmpany will prtect designers’ creativity/creative frm a technical perspective/frm a perspective f technlgy.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“这家软件公司”应为名词短语The sftware cmpany；表示“保护设计师的创意”应为动词短语prtect designers’ creativity；表示“从技术上”应为介词短语frm a perspective f technlgy；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述将来发生的事情，为一般将来时。故翻译为The sftware cmpany will prtect designers’ creativity/creative frm a technical perspective/frm a perspective f technlgy.
54. 她原以为没多少人会来体育馆看比赛，结果看台上座无虚席。(it) (汉译英)
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【答案】She (had) suppsed that nt many peple wuld cme t the stadium t watch the game, but it turned ut that all the seats n the stand(s) were ccupied.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和固定句型。第一句主语为she；表示“以为”应用suppse，可用一般过去时或过去完成时；后跟that引导的宾语从句，表示“没多少人”应用nt many peple作主语；表示“来体育馆看比赛”翻译为cme t the stadium t watch the game，为过去将来时；but连接并列句，表示“结果”句型为it turned ut that…，为一般过去时；表示“看台上座无虚席”翻译为all the seats n the stand(s) were ccupied。故翻译为She (had) suppsed that nt many peple wuld cme t the stadium t watch the game, but it turned ut that all the seats n the stand(s) were ccupied.
55. 这位摄影师觉得去热门景点拍照没意思，他已计划好要去沙漠找灵感。(instead) (汉译英)
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【答案】The phtgrapher finds it meaningless/bring t sht/take pictures in ppular turist destinatins, and instead he has planned t lk fr inspiratin/inspiring ideas/things that can inspire him in the desert.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、名词、形容词、介词短语、动词短语和定语从句。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“摄影师”为名词The phtgrapher；后接find it+adj+t d sth表示“发现做某事是怎样的”的固定句型，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，表示“毫无意义的”为形容词meaningless；表示“拍照”应为动词短语take pictures；表示“在热门旅游目的地”应为介词短语in ppular turist destinatins；表示“相反的是”为副词instead；表示“计划做某事”应为动词短语plan t d sth，此处表示已经完成的动作，为现在完成时；表示“寻找灵感”应为动词短语lk fr inspiratin；后接关系代词that引导的定语从句，对先行词inspiratin的修饰，在该定语从句中，表示“在沙漠中激励他”可译为that can inspire him in the desert。故翻译为The phtgrapher finds it meaningless/bring t sht/take pictures in ppular turist destinatins, and instead he has planned t lk fr inspiratin/inspiring ideas/things that can inspire him in the desert.
（十四）
（2024年徐汇区二模）
72. 我们为他人撑伞正是因为我们曾经淋过雨。 ( It … ) (汉译英)
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【答案】It is because we have nce been caught in the rain that we hld umbrellas fr thers.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词以及强调句。分析句子可知，“因为我们曾经淋过雨” 是原因状语从句，使用because引导从句，“淋过雨”应使用动词短语be caught in the rain，根据句意可知，原因状语从句应使用现在完成时，因此，从句可以翻译成because we have nce been caught in the rain。“撑伞”的英语是hld umbrellas，句子陈述现在状态，时态使用一般现在时，因此本句可以翻译成We hld umbrellas fr thers because we have nce been caught in the rain。根据题目要求使用“It …”句型，可以把句子写成强调句结构，强调的是原因状语从句“因为我们曾经淋过雨”，故翻译为It is because we have nce been caught in the rain that we hld umbrellas fr thers.
73. 人工智能使我们得以见证一个日新月异的新时代。 (witness) (汉译英)
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【答案】Artificial intelligence is enabling us t witness an ever-evlving/a cnstantly-changing new era/ a new era which/that changes with each passing day/a new era which/that changes quickly/rapidly.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词、名词、定语从句、时态。表示“人工智能”用artificial intelligence，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“使某人做某事”用enable us t d sth.，结合语境可知事情正在发生，故时态用现在进行时，且主语为第三人称单数，故be动词用is。表示“我们”用us，作宾语。表示“见证”用witness，用不定式，作us的补足语。表示“日新月异的”用ever-evlving/cnstantly-changing，作定语，修饰“时代”。此处泛指“一个日新月异的新时代”，且ever-evlving以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an；cnstantly-changing以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。表示“新时代”用new era，作witness的宾语。或者表示“新月异的”用定语从句，先行词是a new era，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/wich引导，表示“变化”用change，从句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，故谓语用第三人称单数形式changes；表示“快速地”用副词quickly/rapidly，作状语，修饰changes；或者“日益，一天天”用with each passing day。故翻译为Artificial intelligence is enabling us t witness an ever-evlving/a cnstantly-changing new era/ a new era which/that changes with each passing day/a new era which/that changes quickly/rapidly.
74. 作为年轻人，我们具有极强的创造力，可以大胆设想、勇敢探索。(As …) (汉译英)
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【答案】As yung individuals, we pssess immense creativity, allwing us t imagine bldly and explre fearlessly. /As yung individuals, we are very creative, full f imaginatin and brave/curageus t explre.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、介词短语、非谓语动词。表示“作为年轻人”含义的表达为：as yung individuals；表示“具有极强的创造力”可以用动词短语pssess immense creativity或be very creative，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“可以大胆设想、勇敢探索”含义的表达为：allw us t imagine bldly and explre fearlessly，因该表达在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，又因与逻辑主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，该表达还可以使用形容词短语，翻译为：full f imaginatin and brave或curageus t explre，故翻译为：As yung individuals, we pssess immense creativity, allwing us t imagine bldly and explre fearlessly. /As yung individuals, we are very creative, full f imaginatin and brave/curageus t explre.
75. “新中式”服装既能体现中华优秀传统文化魅力，也能融入日常穿搭，正受到年轻一代追捧。(cmbine) (汉译英)
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【答案】Cmbining the charm f excellent traditinal Chinese culture with everyday wearability, “New Chinese-style” clthing is currently being embraced by the yunger generatin./The “New Chinese-style” clthing cmbines the charm f excellent traditinal Chinese culture with daily wear, and is being embraced by the yunger generatin.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、非谓语动词、动词时态和语态。根据中文提示可知，本句主语为“‘新中式’服装”译为(the)“New Chinese-style” clthing，表示“既能体现中华优秀传统文化魅力，也能融入日常穿搭”可以用非谓语动词表达，逻辑主语clthing与cmbine……with…“结合……”构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词，表示“中华优秀传统文化魅力”用the charm f excellent traditinal Chinese culture，表示“日常穿搭”用everyday wearability，currently“目前”作状语，表示“受年轻一代追捧”用现在进行时的被动语态is being embraced by the yung generatin。也可以用并列句表达，“既能体现中华优秀传统文化魅力，也能融入日常穿搭”用一般现在时句子，主语为单数，谓语动词cmbine用第三人称单数，译为：cmbines the charm f excellent traditinal Chinese culture with daily wear，将“‘正受到年轻一代追捧’”与其用and并列。故翻译为Cmbining the charm f excellent traditinal Chinese culture with everyday wearability, “New Chinese-style” clthing is currently being embraced by the yunger generatin./The “New Chinese-style” clthing cmbines the charm f excellent traditinal Chinese culture with daily wear, and is being embraced by the yunger generatin.
（十五）
（2024年长宁区二模）
52. 比赛结束时，观众席上掌声雷动。(burst) (汉译英)
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【答案】When the game was ver, a burst f applause came frm the audience.
When the game was ver, the audience burst int applause.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、时态和状语从句。“比赛结束时”是时间状语从句，用从属连词when引导，主语“比赛”用the game表示，“结束”用短语be ver表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态was ver；“观众席上掌声雷动”是主句，可用“掌声”作主语，译为a burst f applause，“观众席上”理解为“来自观众席”，谓语“来自”用动词短语cme frm表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态came frm，宾语“观众席”用the audience表示，也可用“观众”作主语，译为the audience，“掌声雷动”理解为“爆发出掌声”，谓语“爆发”用动词短语burst int表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态burst int，宾语“掌声”用applause表示。综上，全句可译为：When the game was ver, a burst f applause came frm the audience./When the game was ver, the audience burst int applause.
53. 无论情况有多复杂，他都能应对自如。（N matter） (汉译英)
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【答案】N matter hw cmplicated the situatin is, he can handle it with ease/easily/cnfidently/well.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“无论多么复杂”应用n matter hw cmplicated，引导让步状语从句，主语为situatin，为一般现在时；主句主语为he；表示“应对自如”翻译为handle it with ease/easily/cnfidently/well，且can后跟动词原形。故翻译为N matter hw cmplicated the situatin is, he can handle it with ease/easily/cnfidently/well.
54. 公司感受到了威胁, 其应对策略是书写长长的警示标签，试图预见可能发生的事故。（respnd）(汉译英)
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【答案】Feeling/Being threatened, cmpanies respnded by writing ever-lnger warning labels, trying t anticipate /fresee any pssible accident.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语。表示“感受到了威胁”应用现在分词短语feeling/being threatened，作状语；主语为复数名词cmpanies；表示“应对”应用respnd；表示“书写长长的警示标签”应用by writing ever-lnger warning labels；表示“试图”短语为try t d sth.，为现在分词短语作状语，表示“预见可能发生的事故”翻译为anticipate /fresee any pssible accident。为一般过去时。故翻译为Feeling/Being threatened, cmpanies respnded by writing ever-lnger warning labels, trying t anticipate /fresee any pssible accident.
55. 由于路面结冰，部分高速公路临时封闭，致使许多乘客困在路上，出门前最好留意天气预报。（trap）(汉译英)
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【答案】As rads were frzen/cvered with ice, sme freeways/expressways/highways were clsed temprarily, and many passengers were trapped n the rads. It’s better t listen t the weather bradcast befre starting ut/setting ff/leaving/departure.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、原因状语从句、动词短语。分析句子结构，“由于路面结冰”为时间状语从句，使用连词as连接从句，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，句子可以使用“主系表”结构或“主谓结构”，也即使用过去分词做表语或使用一般过去时的被动语态，翻译为：As rads were frzen或As rads were cvered with ice；表示“高速公路”含义的表达为：freeway或expressway或highway，“部分高速公路临时封闭”为主谓结构，因主语与谓语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，翻译为：sme freeways/expressways/highways were clsed temprarily；“致使许多乘客困在路上” 为主谓结构，因主语与谓语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，翻译为：many passengers were trapped n the rads；表示“最好……”含义的表达为：It is better t d；表示“留意天气预报”含义的表达为：listen t the weather bradcast；表示“出门前”含义的表达为：befre starting ut或befre setting ff或befre leaving或befre departure，翻译为：It’s better t listen t the weather bradcast befre starting ut/setting ff/leaving/departure，故翻译为：As rads were frzen/cvered with ice, sme freeways/expressways/highways were clsed temprarily, and many passengers were trapped n the rads. It’s better t listen t the weather bradcast befre starting ut/setting ff/leaving/departure.
（十六）
（2024年杨浦区二模）
52. 冷静，别让焦虑影响你的表现。（r）（汉译英）
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【答案】Calm dwn, r yu will/may let anxiety affect yur perfrmance.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和句型。此处为“祈使句+r+简单句”；表示“冷静”短语为calm dwn；后一句主语为yu；表示“让”应用动词let，且may或will后跟动词原形；表示“焦虑”应用名词anxiety；表示“影响你的表现”翻译为affect yur perfrmance。故翻译为Calm dwn, r yu will/may let anxiety affect yur perfrmance.
53. 他忘了往锅里倒油，鸡蛋粘在了锅底。（frget）（汉译英）
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【答案】He had frgtten t pur sme il int the pan s that the eggs stuck t the surface/the bttm/it. /He frgt t pur sme il int the pan s that the eggs stuck t the surface/the bttm/it
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和固定短语。根据中文提示和句意可知，这里时态应为过去时，可以用一般过去时或者过去完成时，且这里考查基础单词frget的用法：即frget t d表“忘记去做某事”，为固定搭配。表示“往锅里倒油”短语为pur sme il int the pan，表示“鸡蛋粘在了锅底”短语为stuck t the surface/the bttm/it，前后是两个简单句，为因果关系，因此用连词词组s that连接。故翻译为He had frgtten t pur sme il int the pan s that the eggs stuck t the surface/the bttm/it或者He frgt t pur sme il int the pan s that the eggs stuck t the surface/the bttm/it。
54. 农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车，其创新设计颇受年轻消费者的青睐。（transitin）（汉译英）
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【答案】Rural areas are gradually transitining t energy-saving electric vehicles, whse innvative designs are gaining favr amng yung cnsumers.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词、短语和定语从句。“农村地区”为“rural areas”，“逐步”为“gradually”，“过渡到”为“transitin t”，“节能型电动汽车”为“energy-saving electric vehicles”，“创新设计”为“innvative designs”，“受某人青睐”为“gain favr amng sb”，“年轻消费者”为“yung cnsumers”，“节能型电动汽车”和“创新设计”为所属关系，则使用whse引导的定语从句，“农村地区正在逐步过渡到使用节能型电动汽车”使用现在进行时，为“Rural areas are gradually transitining t energy-saving electric vehicles.”，定语从句部分为“whse innvative designs are gaining favr amng yung cnsumers”，故翻译为Rural areas are gradually transitining t energy-saving electric vehicles, whse innvative designs are gaining favr amng yung cnsumers.
55. 作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心，它追朔了这座城市从早期到21世纪的惊人演变。（dedicate）（汉译英）
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【答案】As the first exhibitin center dedicated t urban planning and cnstructin achievements, it traces the breathtaking evlutin f the city frm its early days t its 21st century.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构，非谓语，名词短语和介词短语。分析可知，“作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心”为伴随状语，用“介词as+名词短语”的结构表达。其中，“首个”用序数词“the first”表达；“展览中心”用名词短语“exhibitin center”表达；“致力于城市规划和建设成果的”作“exhibitin center”的后置定语，“致力于”用动词短语“dedicate (sth) t...”表达，与所修饰词之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式“dedicated t”；“城市规划和建设成果”用名词短语“urban planning and cnstructin achievements”表达。因此，该部分翻译为“as the first exhibitin center dedicated t urban planning and cnstructin achievements”。句子主语“它”用“it”表达；“追朔”用动词“trace”表达，作谓语，结合语境，用一般现在时表客观事实，主语为三单，动词用单数“traces”；“这座城市的惊人的演变”用名词短语“the breathtaking evlutin f the city”表达，作宾语；“从早期到21世纪”用介词短语“frm the early days t its 21st century”表达。因此，该部分翻译为“it traces the breathtaking evlutin f the city frm its early days t its 21st century”。故译为：As the first exhibitin center dedicated t urban planning and cnstructin achievements, it traces the breathtaking evlutin f the city frm its early days t its 21st century.

1.【上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题】
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 因缺少资金，公众直到最近才得以进入这个商业中心。(accessible) （汉译英）
【答案】Lack f funds, the cmmercial center was nt accessible t public until recently.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“缺少资金”应用lack f funds；表示“商业中心”短语为the cmmercial center；表示“进入”短语为be accessible t；表示“直到”应用nt…until…；为一般过去时。故翻译为Lack f funds, the cmmercial center was nt accessible t public until recently.
53. 实现梦想之前，一个人要经历一段时间的艰难，这是常有的事。(That) （汉译英）
【答案】That a persn experienced a perid f hardship befre realizing their dreams is cmmn.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。根据题干要求，需要用到That，所以本句应该用主语从句，从句中主语是“一个人”译为“a persn”，谓语是“经历”，根据句意应该用一般过去时，译为“experienced”，“一段时间的艰难”作宾语译为“a perid f hardship”，“实现梦想之前”作状语，译为“befre realizing their dreams”，主句的谓语是be动，应该用is，“常有的事”作表语译为“cmmn”。故译为：That a persn experienced a perid f hardship befre realizing their dreams is cmmn.
54. 传统中医安全可靠，最早可追溯到三千多年前，是中国古代人民的智慧结晶。(represent) （汉译英）
【答案】Traditinal Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back t mre than 3,000 years ag, and it represents the wisdm f ancient Chinese peple.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、时态、短语和非限制性定语从句。“传统中医”用名词短语traditinal Chinese medicine，在句中作主语；“安全”用形容词safe表达，“可靠”用形容词reliable表达，在句中作表语；“追溯到”用动词短语date back t表达，“最早可追溯到三千多年前”表达为date back t mre than 3,000 years ag；“是”用动词represent表达；“中国古代人民”用名词短语ancient Chinese peple表达；“中国古代人民的智慧结晶”表达为the wisdm f ancient Chinese peple；根据句意可知此句阐述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；“最早可追溯到三千多年前”可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句表达，which指代traditinal Chinese medicine在从句中作主语；故此句可翻译为：Traditinal Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back t mre than 3,000 years ag, and it represents the wisdm f ancient Chinese peple.
55. 今年的春晚(The Spring Festival Gala)好戏连台，有悦耳动听的歌曲，美轮美奂的舞蹈，还有风趣幽默的相声，观众们在喜庆的气氛中辞旧迎新。(s that) （汉译英）
【答案】This year’s Spring Festival Gala featured many gd perfrmances, including meldius sngs, beautiful dances, and witty and humrus crss talk s that audience said gdbye t the ld and welcmed the new in a festive atmsphere.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和结果状语从句。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。根据题干要求需用s that，所以硬干翻译为s that引导的结果状语从句，主句中，主语是“今年的春晚”译为“This year’s Spring Festival Gala”，谓语和宾语是“好戏连台”译为“featured many gd perfrmances”，“有悦耳动听的歌曲，美轮美奂的舞蹈，还有风趣幽默的相声”描述的是perfrmances的具体内容，用介词including+名词的结构，译为“including meldius sngs, beautiful dances, and witty and humrus crss talk”，从句中主语是“观众们”译为“audience”，谓语是“辞旧迎新”译为“said gdbye t the ld and welcmed the new”，“在喜庆的气氛中”作状语，译为“in a festive atmsphere”。故译为：This year’s Spring Festival Gala featured many gd perfrmances, including meldius sngs, beautiful dances, and witty and humrus crss talk s that audience said gdbye t the ld and welcmed the new in a festive atmsphere.
2.【上海市2022-2023学年高三下学期“六校联合教研”质量调研英语试卷】
Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 数学是我的短板，我得多花一点精力。(put) （汉译英）
【答案】Maths is my weakness, s I have t put in mre effrts.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。分析句意可知，此处描述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时态，表示“短板”应为weakness，前半句为“主系表”结构，译为Maths is my weakness，表示“花一点精力”应译为put in mre effrts，所以后半句译为I have t put in mre effrts，前后半句为因果关系，所以用s连接起来。故翻译为Maths is my weakness, s I have t put in mre effrts。
53. 在春暖花开的日子里，人们常常外出游玩，欣赏春天的美景。(when) （汉译英）
【答案】During the warm days f spring when flwers blssm, peple ften travel utside and enjy the beauty f spring.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句意可知，此处描述的是心在的客观情况，全句使用一般现在时态，表示“在春暖的日子里”为介词短语作状语，应译为during the warm days f spring，during位于句首，首字母需大写，“花开的”作定语修饰“日子”应为定语从句，从句中不缺少主语，开花“blssm”为不及物，从句中不需要宾语，所以使用关系副词when，所以定语从句译为when flwers blssm，所以前半句译为“During the warm days f spring when flwers blssm”；表示“人们经常出去游玩”译为peple ften travel utside，“欣赏春天的美景”与“出去游玩”并列，应译为“enjy the beauty f spring”，使用and将并列部分连接，所以后半句译为peple ften travel utside and enjy the beauty f spring。故翻译为During the warm days f spring when flwers blssm, peple ften travel utside and enjy the beauty f spring.
54. 这位艺术家虽然遭遇不幸，但从不怨天怨地，而是潜心钻研，在绘画领域成绩斐然。(despite) （汉译英）
【答案】Despite misfrtunes, the artist devtes himself t studying rather than cmplaining abut heaven and earth, and has made remarkable achievements in the field f painting.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词、名词、动词短语和时态。表示“虽然”应用介词despite；表示“不幸”应用名词misfrtune；表示“怨天怨地”短语为cmplain abut heaven and earth；表示“而是”应用短语rather than；表示“潜心”应用短语devte neself t，此处应用一般现在时态；表示“成绩斐然”应用短语make remarkable achievements，此处应用现在完成时，强调影响或结果。故翻译为：Despite misfrtunes, the artist devtes himself t studying rather than cmplaining abut heaven and earth, and has made remarkable achievements in the field f painting.
55. 读书让我领悟到了人生的真谛，当我迷茫时，书犹如一只明亮的火炬指引我前进的方向，增强我的勇气和自信心。(allw) （汉译英）
【答案】Reading allws me t understand the true meaning f life, and when I am cnfused, the bk is like a bright trch, which guides me frward directin and enhances my curage and self-cnfidence.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、状语从句和非谓语动词。根据汉语可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以全句使用一般现在时态，表示“让某人做某事”应为allw sb. t d sth. 所以“让我领悟到了人生的真谛”译为allw me t understand the true meaning f life，“阅读”译为reading，在该句中作主语，谓语动词动词用单数，且位于句首，首字母需大写，故前半句译为Reading allws me t understand the true meaning f life；“当我迷茫时”译为when I am cnfused作状语；“书犹如一只明亮的火炬”为主句，译为the bk is like a bright trch，表示“指引我前进的方向” 使用非限制性定语从句结构作进一步解释，译为which guides me frward directin，“增强我的勇气和自信心”与“指引我前进的方向”为并列结构，利用and将两者连接，译为and enhances my curage and self-cnfidence，所以后半句话译为which guides me frward directin and enhances my curage and self-cnfidence，因前后两个句子之间为并列关系，均是介绍阅读和书的作用，所以在when前加一连词and。故翻译为Reading allws me t understand the true meaning f life, and when I am cnfused, the bk is like a bright trch, which guides me frward directin and enhances my curage and self-cnfidence.
3.【上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试英语试题】
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
62. 博物馆要求所有参观者须和古董及其他贵重展品保持一定距离。(demand)(汉译英)
【答案】The museum demands that all visitrs (shuld) keep a distance frm antiques and ther valuable exhibits.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态、宾语从句和虚拟语气。根据句意可知，描述博物馆规章制度，应用一般现在时态；主语“博物馆”用the museum表示，谓语动词“要求”用demand表示，用一般现在时第三人称单数形式demands；“所有参观者须和古董及其他贵重展品保持一定距离”是宾语从句，从句主语“所有参观者”用all visitrs表示，谓语动词“和……保持一定距离”用动词短语keep a distance frm表示，作demand后宾语从句中谓语动词，应用虚拟语气，即“shuld+动词原形”或“动词原形”，所以用(shuld) keep a distance frm，宾语“古董及其他贵重展品”用antiques and ther valuable exhibits表示。综上， 全句译为：The museum demands that all visitrs (shuld) keep a distance frm antiques and ther valuable exhibits.
63. 这位看似精神十足的登山爱好者在山坡上没爬多久就开始感觉上气不接下气。(befre) (汉译英)
【答案】The seemingly energetic climber began t feel ut f breath befre climbing the hillside farther.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、短语、名词和状语从句的省略。表示“这位看似精神十足的登山爱好者”用名词短语the seemingly energetic climber；表示“开始做某事”用begin t d sth.，因为句子表示过去的动作，所以时态用一般过去时，所以谓语用began；表示“感觉上气不接下气”用feel ut f breath；表示“在山坡上没爬多久”，即指“爬山没有太远”可以用省略的状语从句befre climbing the hillside farther，故翻译为：The seemingly energetic climber began t feel ut f breath befre climbing the hillside farther.
64. 这款聊天软件能够基于用户的要求生成答案，自推出就引发了巨大的争议与轰动。(arise) (汉译英)
【答案】The chat sftware, which can generate answers based n users’ requests, has caused a huge cntrversy and sensatin since it arse.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、从句和时态。分析可知，本句可处理为主从复合句；“这款聊天软件引发了巨大的争议与轰动”是主句，表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语“这款聊天软件”表达为the chat sftware，谓语动词“已经引发”表达为has caused，宾语“巨大的争议与轰动”表达为a huge cntrversy and sensatin；“能够基于用户的要求生成答案”处理为修饰sftware的定语从句，代替先行词sftware在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句，谓语动词“生成”表达为generate，“基于用户的要求”表达为based n users’ requests；“自推出”处理为since引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词“推出”可理解为“出现”，用arise表达，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为The chat sftware, which can generate answers based n users’ requests, has caused a huge cntrversy and sensatin since it arse.
65. 热播电视连续剧《狂飙》(The Knckut)想要阐明的是正义绝不会向邪恶低头， 不法分子也终会自食恶果。(price) (汉译英)
【答案】What the hit TV series “The Knckut” cnveys is that justice will never cmprmise with evil and utlaws will reap what he has swn.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句和固定结构。分析句子结构，对句子的翻译需要使用主语从句和表语从句。“热播电视连续剧”翻译为：the hit TV series，“阐明”翻译为：cnveys，“正义绝不会向邪恶低头”翻译为：justice will never cmprmise with evil，“自食恶果”翻译为：reap what he has swn，“热播电视连续剧《狂飙》(The Knckut) 想要阐明的是”使用主语从句翻译，“正义绝不会向邪恶低头， 不法分子也终会自食恶果”使用表语从句翻译，故翻译为What the hit TV series “The Knckut” cnveys is that justice will never cmprmise with evil and utlaws will reap what he has swn。
2022年上海秋季高考英语真题

1.妈妈忘了两天前刚给邻居买过黄瓜。（frget）
参考译文：
①Mther/ Mm frgt having just bught sme cucumbers fr her neighbr tw days ag.
②Mther/ Mm frgt buying sme cucumbers fr her neighbr just tw days ag.
解析：本句时态为一般过去时；
考核基础单词frget的用法：frget ding / frget having dne 忘记做过某事。
注意区别：frget t d 忘记去做某事
2. 每逢节假日，我们都会去郊区露营，为的就是享受悠闲惬意的生活。（s that）
参考译文：(During)every hliday/ (On) every hliday, we always g/will g camping in the suburbs s that we can enjy a leisurely cmfrtable/relaxing and cmfrtable life.
解析：考查目的状语从句。
词块：露营 g camping；享受生活 enjy a ... life
3.切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流才能见效。（difference）
参考译文：
①Dn’t be t hard n yurself as t the intensity and frequency f ding sprts/exercising/wrkut,because/as nly by wrking steadily little by little/nly thrugh persistent little effrts can yu make a difference.
②Dn’t be t hard n yurself as t the intensity and frequency f ding sprts/exercising/wrkut,because/as nly wrking steadily little by little/persistent little effrts can make a difference.
③Dn’t push yurself t hard when it cmes t the intensity and frequency f ding sprts/exercising/wrkut, ...
解析：考察前后语句间的逻辑关系，能找到合适连词来连接前后语句；
“切莫苛求”句中是无主结构，学生应选择使用祈使句来翻译；
学生需要对四字格“细水长流”先进行理解，在语境中寻找合适的词进行翻译;
对自己过分苛求的几种表达：be t hard n yurself in ... / push yurself t hard
4.这条运河历经数百年才修建而成，如今虽无昔日繁忙之景，但仍然是横跨东西的重要水道。（）
参考译文：
①The canal, which tk hundreds f years t build, is nt as busy/prsperus as befre/it used t be / nce was, but it is still an imprtant waterway frm east t west.
②It tk hundreds f years t build this canal and althugh it is n lnger as prsperus as it used t be, but still remains a vital waterway extending frm east t west.
解析：提示词可看出本句考察比较状语从句；
考纲词汇：运河canal；无昔日繁忙之景（也就是：不如以前繁忙）nt as busy as befre;横跨东西frm east t west；水道water curse / waterway。
2021年上海秋季高考英语真题
1. 你坐会儿，我来看管这六件行李。(lk)
Yu can sit fr a while, and I will lk after the/these six pieces f luggage/baggage.
2. 打喷嚏时，务必用纸巾遮住口鼻。(D)
D cver yur muth and nse with tissue/a tissue when yu are sneezing.
3. 这位头发花白的外交官与老友不期而遇，脑海中浮现出那段为理想而奋斗的青春岁月。(remind)
The grey-haired diplmat ran int/came acrss/encuntered an ld friend, which reminded him f the days f his yuth when he was struggling fr his ideal.
The grey-haired diplmat met an ld friend by accident, which reminded him f the yuthful years f fighting fr ideals.
4. 这位先驱者的故居是间不起眼的木屋，现正修复中，游客有望在六月底一睹其真容。(under)
The frmer residence f the pineer is a humble wden huse, which is nw under restratin, and visitrs are likely t see its real lk at the end f June.
2020年秋季高考真题
1.你是否介意替我去开个会/参加会议？ (substitute)
D/Wuld yu mind (yur) substituting me fr the meeting?
D/Wuld yu mind if yu substitute me fr the meeting?
2.为了(能)让妈妈好好休息，小王把水槽和碗橱擦得干干净净。(In rder...)
In rder t make/let his mther have a gd rest, Xia Wang clean the sink and cupbard thrughly.
r:In rder that his mther culd have a gd rest, Xia Wang wiped dwn the sink and cupbard.
3.春暖花开的四月是领略/欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最好时间/最佳时机。(when)
With flwers blming and the weather being warm, April is the best time t appreciate the beauty f this suthern twn.
4.面对网店的挑战，这家百年老店多措并举，最终转危为机，再创辉煌。(turn)
In the face f / Facing / Faced with the challenges frm the nline stre, this century-ld stre tk varius measures at the same time / take multiple measures, and finally turned the crisis int an pprtunity t recreate the glry.
考察点
常考用法举例
高考真题例句
词汇
stand; cst; witness; ...
每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand)
Every designer hpes that his wrk can stand the test f time.
词组
be accustmed t;
be expsed t;
be cmmitted t; ...
你书看得越多，就越有可能接触到不同的文化。(expse)
The mre yu read, the mre likely yu are t be expsed t different cultures.
成语
按部就班: as planned /step by step
翘首以盼:
lk frward t
立竿见影:
have an effective and immediate effect
有人声称这种减肥药丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害，但事实远非如此。(It)
It is claimed that weight-lss pills have an effective and immediate effect and are harmless / d n harm t ur bdy, but it is far frm the truth / case.
时态语态
常考时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。
常考语态：主动和被动语态。（若句子无主语一般用被动）
在过去的三年中他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏之间的关系。(cmmit)
In / During / Over the past three years, he has cmmitted himself / has been cmmitted all the time t researching / studying the relatinship / cnnectin between the transmissin speed f infrmatin and the rhythm / pace f human life.
申请材料需精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确的了解。(in rder that)
The applicatin shuld be carefully prepared in rder that the schl yu like can have an verall and accurate knwledge f yur abilities.
定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demnstrate)
At the exhibitin, the cmpany’s sales manager demnstrated the new type f electrnic tys (which/that) children were lking frward t.
名词性
从句
主语从句(注意it作形式主语)、宾语从句(注意it作形式宾语)、表语从句、同位语从句
能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)
It is a difficult prblem fr high schl students whether they can resist the temptatin f nline games.
状语从句
时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步、条件状语从句
你的网站内容越实用，使用起来越方便，就越有可能成功。(the mre…the mre)
The mre practical and user-friendly yur website is, the mre likely it will succeed.
我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。(nce)
We all agree that nce the cnclusin f the investigatin is drawn, it will be make knwn t the public as sn as pssible.
强调句
It
正因为她按部就班地实现了每一个短期目标，才会在科学领域不断有所突破。(It)
It was because she reached every shrt-term gal as planned /step by step that she kept breaking thrugh in the field f science.
倒装句
全部倒装和部分倒装
她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(N sner)
N sner had she finished watching that prgramme abut thse extinct species, than she decided t jin the Wildlife Cnservatin Organizatin.
情态动词
can；may；must；shuld；will...
她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may)
Wh may have been a vlleyball cach amng them?
it作形式主语或宾语
It is+adj fr/f sb t d
It is +n t d
find/make it adj/n t d
保护环境是每个公民的职责。(It...)
It is the duty f every citizen t prtect ur envirnment.
我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(it)
I find it (is) hard t cperate with thse wh always stick t their wn pinins.
非谓语
动名词、不定式、分词
看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)
Seeing Grandma a little sleepy, he drew the curtains and turned the TV dwn.
我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustmed)
I'm accustmed t listening t sme light music befre sleep.
感叹句
Hw+adj/adv+主+谓！
What+a/an+adj+n+主+谓！
如果有朝一日，学生能亲自参与到课程开发中，那该有多棒啊！(invlve)
Hw great it is if ne day students can be invlved in the develpment f curses n their wn!
上海2010-2020英语高考翻译中的成语（四字结构）
2012
翘首以盼
be lking frward t
2013
耳熟能详
be familiar t
2016
有朝一日；欣喜万分
smeday; be filled with jy
2017
效果显著, 立竿见影
have /has an effective and immediate effect
2019秋
判若两人；
遥不可及
hw different frm;
be beynd reach.
2020春
雷打不动；
昙花一现
make it a rule ;
it didn’t last lng/ it lasted (fr) nly a very shrt time
2020秋
春暖花开
warm spring cmes and flwers blssm
2021春
空无一人
蜿蜒流淌
empty
winding
2021秋
不期而遇
meet by chance
2022秋
悠闲惬意
细水长流
carefree / relaxing/leisurely and pleasant / cmfrtable easy
water flwing ut in a trickle takes alng time t exhaust