备战2025年高考二轮复习英语阅读理解 文体分类练3　说明文之新发明，新产品类（Word版附解析）

这是一份备战2025年高考二轮复习英语阅读理解 文体分类练3　说明文之新发明，新产品类（Word版附解析），共7页。
主题:发明创造 词数:324 难度:★★★☆☆
3M and Discvery Educatin annunced Sean Jiang frm Gilman Schl as ne f the tp ten finalists frm acrss the natin fr the 2023 3M Yung Scientist Challenge.It’s a cmpetitin that encurages students t identify an everyday prblem and submit a vide shwing the science behind the slutin he r she came up with.
14-year-ld Jiang decided t help thse wh can’t see.Blind peple had a hard time navigating (导航) bjects that are medium t far range.S Jiang wanted t design smething t give them a heads-up n bstacles that may be incming.
Jiang’s inspiratin came frm the pwers f the hearing system.“I learned in schl that bats and whales are able t use echlcatin(回声定位) t help them navigate and just use their sense f hearing and I als saw n YuTube sme very skilled blind peple that use echlcatin t help them walk,” said Jiang.
Jiang started with a virtual reality setting and then made it a reality.His creatin uses a depth camera that can detect hw clse bjects are,thus giving enugh time t ddge the bstacles.When a blind is walking with the device,the sensr f the depth camera gathers the infrmatin regarding the bstacles’ psitin and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data int musical sund guidance.This culd significantly increase the walking speed f a blind persn as well as decrease the number f bstacles they hit.
Sme ther similar prgrams were alright at finding bjects that were in clse range,but Jiang still wanted the blind t experience the wrld even fuller s they were able t see stuff that was much further away than their circle f reach.
In Octber,the tp ten finalists will cmpete in persn in Minneaplis fr the title f “America’s Tp Yung Scientist” and a $25,000 prize.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一个青少年Sean Jiang的发明创造,他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。
1.What can we learn abut Jiang frm the first tw paragraphs?
A.He was the champin f the 2023 3M event.
B.He invented technlgy t remve rad bstacles.
C.He sught t assist the blind in walking smthly.
D.He develped a new navigatin app fr his schl.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Jiang设法帮助盲人顺利行走。
2.Why did Jiang mentin “echlcatin”?
A.T shw the develpment f technlgy.
B.T present the difficulties the blind face.
C.T stress the significance f hearing.
D.T explain the inspiratin f his inventin.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Jiang提到“回声定位”是为了解释他的发明灵感。
3.What des the underlined wrd “ddge” mean in paragraph 4?
A.Avid. B.Encunter.
C.Challenge.D.Remve.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。画线词下文“When a blind is walking with the device,the sensr f the depth camera gathers the infrmatin regarding the bstacles’ psitin and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data int musical sund guidance.This culd significantly increase the walking speed f a blind persn as well as decrease the number f bstacles they hit.”说明该设备能够帮助盲人避开障碍物,从而推知画线词意思是“避开”。
4.What is the text mainly abut?
A.3M facilities intended fr the blind.
B.A teen using sund t help the blind.
C.An inventin t cure visin prblems.
D.A cmpetitin t imprve the blind’s life.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一个青少年Sean Jiang的发明创造,他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。
Passage 2
(2024广东湛江二模)
主题:机器人传感器 词数:357
难度:★★★☆☆
Researchers have develped a rbtic sensr that cmbines artificial intelligence techniques t read Braille (盲文) at speeds rughly duble that f mst human readers.The research team,frm the University f Cambridge,used machine learning algrithms (算法) t teach a rbtic sensr t quickly slide ver lines f Braille text.
The rbtic sensr the researchers used has a camera in its “fingertip”,and reads by using a cmbinatin f the infrmatin frm the camera and the sensrs.“This is a hard prblem fr rbticists as there’s a lt f image prcessing that needs t be dne t remve mtin blur(模糊),which is time-and energy-cnsuming,” said Parth Ptdar frm Cambridge’s Department f Engineering.
“There are existing rbtic Braille readers,but they nly read ne letter at a time,which is nt hw humans read,” said Ptdar.“Existing rbtic Braille readers wrk in a static way:They tuch ne letter pattern,read it,pull up frm the surface,mve ver,lwer nt the next letter pattern,and s n.We want smething that’s mre realistic and far mre efficient.”
The team develped machine learning algrithms s the rbtic reader wuld be able t “deblur” the images befre the sensr attempted t recgnise the letters.They trained the algrithms n a set f sharp images f Braille with fake blur applied.After the algrithms had learned t deblur the letters,they used a cmputer visin mdel t detect and classify each character.
Once the algrithms were incrprated,the researchers tested their reader by sliding it quickly alng rws f Braille characters.The rbtic Braille reader culd read 315 wrds per minute with 87% accuracy,which is twice as fast and abut as accurate as human Braille reader.
“Braille reading speed is a great way t measure the dynamic perfrmance f tactile(能触知的) sensing systems,s ur findings culd be applicable beynd Braille,fr applicatins like detecting surface textures r slippage in rbtic manipulatin,” said Ptdar.
In the future,the researchers are hping t scale the technlgy t the size f a humanid hand.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的研究团队开发了一种机器人传感器,该传感器结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。
5.What is difficult fr rbticists t deal with in the reading prcess?
A.Ridding f mtin blur.
B.Teaching a rbt t learn.
C.Prcessing rbtic sensrs.
D.Fixing a camera n the fingertip.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘This is a hard prblem fr rbticists as there’s a lt f image prcessing that needs t be dne t remve mtin blur,which is time-and energy-cnsuming,’ said Parth Ptdar frm Cambridge’s Department f Engineering.”可知,机器人专家在阅读过程中很难消除动态模糊。
6.What des the underlined wrd “static” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Still. B.Fast.
C.Clever.D.Lazy.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“‘There are existing rbtic Braille readers,but they nly read ne letter at a time,which is nt hw humans read,’ said Ptdar.”以及画线词下文“They tuch ne letter pattern,read it,pull up frm the surface,mve ver,lwer nt the next letter pattern,and s n.”可知,现有的机器人盲文阅读器是以静态的方式工作的。
7.What did Ptdar want t express in paragraph 6?
A.The gd perfrmance f the rbt sensr.
B.The prmising future f their research results.
C.The factrs in making the tactile sensing systems.
D.The way t ensure the accuracy f the technlgy.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知,他们的研究结果可以应用到其他方面。由此可推断,该研究结果是有前景的。
8.Which can be the best title fr the text?
A.Technlgy t be scaled t the size f a humanid hand
B.Rbts trained t read Braille at twice the speed f humans
C.A great way t measure the perfrmance f sensing systems
D.Machine learning algrithms expected t change Braille writing
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了剑桥大学研究团队开发的机器人传感器,该传感器结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。B项“Rbts trained t read Braille at twice the speed f humans (机器人被训练以两倍于人类的速度阅读盲文)”最能概括本文主旨。
Passage 3(2024湖南张家界二模)
主题:预测阅读困难的新工具 词数:306
难度:★★★☆☆
A study expands psitive evidence fr a new screening tl that directly engages preschl children during clinic visits t assess their early literacy skills.The tl,called The Reading Huse (TRH),is the first f its kind.It has the ptential t identify reading difficulties as early as pssible,accrding t researchers at Cincinnati Children’s Hspital Medical Center.
TRH is an assessment develped by Jhn Huttn and his team fr kids aged frm 3 t 5.Screening takes just abut five minutes and assesses perfrmance levels fr kids aged frm 3 t 5.It addresses a significant gap in ways t screen early literacy skills efficiently and directly.The tl,which is fun fr kids,culd be used in places like primary care r preschl settings.The screening measures cre skills typically appearing in the preschl age range,including vcabulary,rhyming,alphabet knwledge and print cncepts.All are skills predictive f reading success and ften assciated with reading difficulties.
The study invlved 70 healthy children—34 bys and 36 girls—between 3 and 5 years ld frm varius sciecnmic backgrund.The children cmpleted standardized tests f imprtant literacy skills:vcabulary,rhyming arid rapid autmatized naming.Fifty-tw f these children als successfully cmpleted MRI (磁共振成像),including the measurement f the gray matter surface f their brains.The thicker crtex (皮质),particularly in left-sided areas supprting language and reading,has been assciated with higher skills that are predictive f reading utcmes.
Many children arrive at kindergarten unprepared t learn t read,especially thse frm minrities and ecnmically pr backgrunds—estimated at ver 50% f children frm disadvantaged backgrunds in the ver 25% verall.“By screening early during clinic visits,we can target effective interventins that help these children better prepare fr kindergarten and imprve reading utcmes—literally,snapping their brains t read,” said Huttn.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些研究人员研发出了一个新的工具,可以帮助预测3—5岁的小孩是否会有阅读困难。
9.What might be the purpse f creating TRH?
A.T identify the best reading apps fr kids.
B.T develp preschl kids’ literacy skills.
C.T discver kids’ reading prblems early.
D.T study key factrs in kids’ develpment.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The tl,called The Reading Huse (TRH),is the first f its kind.It has the ptential t identify reading difficulties as early as pssible,accrding t researchers at Cincinnati Children’s Hspital Medical Center.”可知,该工具可以确认学龄前儿童是否会有阅读困难。
10.What can we knw abut the new screening tl?
A.It lacks reliability.
B.It has peratinal advantages.
C.It cvers a wider target grup.
D.It’s mdelled after cnventinal tls.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Screening takes just abut five minutes and assesses perfrmance levels fr kids aged frm 3 t 5.It addresses a significant gap in ways t screen early literacy skills efficiently and directly.”可推知,该工具有操作方面的优势——可操作性强。
11.Which participants may be mre capable f reading?
A.Older children frm minrity grups.
B.Yunger children frm ecnmically advanced areas.
C.Children with cmplex crtical patterns in their brains.
D.Children with the thicker crtex in the left-sided areas f their brains.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The thicker crtex,particularly in left-sided areas supprting language and reading,has been assciated with higher skills that are predictive f reading utcmes.”可知,左边大脑皮质层较厚的孩子会有较强的阅读能力。
12.What attitude des Huttn have t TRH?
A.Dubtful. B.Favrable.
C.Uncertain.D.Cnservative.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Huttn认为该工具能帮助改善来自贫穷家庭孩子的阅读,因此他是满怀希望的。