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外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Into the wild一课一练
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这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Into the wild一课一练，共8页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（2021四川成都外国语学校高一上学期期中）
As the climate warms, birds are shrinking（缩小）and their wingspans are grwing, accrding t a new study. Researchers analyzed 70,716 birds frm 52 kinds f Nrth American migratry（迁徙的）bird species cllected ver 40 years. The authrs say the study is the largest f its kind and that the findings are imprtant t understanding hw animals will adapt t climate change.
"We fund almst all f the species were getting smaller," said lead authr Brian Weeks, an assistant prfessr at the University f Michigan. "The species were pretty diverse, but respnding in a similar way," he said. "The cnsistency（一致性）was shcking." He said studies f animal respnses t climate change ften fcus n shifts in the gegraphical range r timing f life events, like migratin and birth. But this study suggests bdy mrphlgy（形态）is a crucial third aspect.
"That's ne majr implicatin," he said. "It's hard t understand hw birds will adapt withut taking all three f these things int cnsideratin."
The findings shwed that frm 1978 t 2016, the length f the birds' lwer leg bne shrtened by 2.4%. Over the same time, the wings lengthened by 1.3%.
The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in bdy size, which in turn caused the increase in wing length.
"Migratin is an incredibly taxing thing they d," Mr. Weeks said, explaining that the smaller bdy size means less energy available fr the birds t cmplete their lng jurneys. He says the birds mst likely t survive migratin were the nes with lnger wingspans and smaller bdies.
The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds t shrink. One thery is that smaller animals are better at cling ff, lsing bdy heat mre quickly.
1. What's the best title fr the text?
A. All f the Birds Are Getting Smaller
B. Animals Are Adapting t Climate Change
C. Climate Change Is Causing Birds t Shrink
D. Scientists Are Finding Causes f Warm Climate
2. What made Brian Weeks feel astnished?
A. It tk 40 years t cllect 70,716 birds frm Nrth America.
B. Many birds are shrinking when respnding t the climate change.
C. All migratry bird species were cllected t d the imprtant research.
D. S many researchers take part in the largest study t wrk ut the findings.
3. What des the underlined wrd "taxing" in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A. Tiring.
B. Imprtant.
C. Easy.
D. Pleasant.
4. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. The migratry birds aren't big.
B. The temperatures will be higher.
C. The scientists will g n further study.
D. The smaller animals will surely live lnger.
B
（2020山东烟台高一上期末）
Snw lepards（雪豹）are s hard t phtgraph that scientists aren't even sure hw many f these endangered animals still live in the wild.
The Snw Lepard Cnservancy（SLC）set up 20 cameras in Russia in 2010 t learn mre abut the big cats. After a full six mnths, they had exactly zer picture! That's when the rganizatin understd they needed help. And the nly peple wh culd help them in finding the lepards were the very peple frm whm they wanted t prtect the animals-lcal hunters（猎人）.
Hunting snw lepards is against the law in Russia, but in the terrible climate f Siberia, the few peple living there had t turn t paching（盗猎）t feed their families.
In 2013, Russian naturalist Sergei Spitsyn apprached Mergen Markv, a lcal hunter, and tld him his prject. Markv agreed t set up the camera where he knew he wuld find lepards, and it wrked.
Markv, nce a pacher, wrks full time fr the cnservatinists nw and has 10 cameras mnitring lepards. "I visit each camera nce a mnth. I have knwn this whle regin since I was a child," he said prudly.
The Wrld Wildlife Fund（WWF）began wrking with ther lcal villagers in 2015. The village wuld be paid 40,000 rubles at the end f the year if the image f a snw lepard is caught. The WWF als rents hrses frm the villagers s that they d nt need t make mney by paching anymre. "Tday there are far fewer lepard pachers but lepards still get caught in traps set fr ther animals, s I have t stay watchful," said Markv.
Changing guns fr cameras has s made a big difference in the lives f these frmer pachers, the village, and the Russian snw lepards. The number f snw lepards has been rising and their ppulatin is expected t recver t nrmal levels within 10 years.
5. Why was n picture f snw lepards taken in six mnths?
A. SLC's 20 cameras failed t wrk prperly
B. The number f snw lepards in the wild was t small.
C. The lcal pachers destryed these cameras n purpse.
D. The researchers knew little abut the animal's living habits.
6. What did Sergei Spitsyn persuade Markv t d?
A. Find the pachers.
B. Repair cameras in the frest.
C. Catch mre lepards.
D. Wrk fr the SLC.
7. Why did the WWF begin wrking with lcal villagers?
A. T get sme pictures f snw lepards.
B. T help villagers make a living.
C. T prevent villagers frm hunting animals.
D. T rent their hrses at a lw price.
8. Hw can we describe the WWF's cperatin with the villagers?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Curisity kills the cat.
C. Kill tw birds with ne stne.
D. Old habits die hard.
二、语法填空
（2021独家原创试题）
An imprtant decisin 1 make by t the NPC Standing Cmmittee（全国人大常委会）n February, 2020. The decisin made 2 clear that all animals, including thse n the prtectin list f the existing Wild Animal Prtectin Law r ther laws and all terrestrial（陆生的）wildlife, are banned frm cnsumptin. The decisin annunced that anyne 3 illegally hunts, trades, transprts r eats wild animals n the prtectin list f existing laws will be 4 （severe）punished. The decisin als said any stre 5 （break）the law will be clsed and face heavy 6 （punish）. "Since the utbreak f the nvel crnavirus. the 7 （risk）f eating wild animals have arused wide public cncern, " an fficial said. "At the critical mment in epidemic preventin and cntrl, it's highly necessary fr the NPC Standing Cmmittee 8 （pass）such a special decisin. "
Hwever, aquatic（水生的）wild animals like fish are nt n the prhibitin list. Cmmn pultry（家禽）and livestck（家畜）like pigs, cattle and sheep are als nt n the list. Animals that 9 （raise）fr a lng time, such as pigens and rabbits are nt n the list, either. "The decisin may cause ecnmic lsses t sme farmers wh raise animals. Lcal gvernments shuld supprt and help them t adjust and transfrm prductin, and ffer them cmpensatin depending 10 the practical situatin, " the fficial said.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
参考答案：
一、阅读理解
A
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明随着气候变暖，鸟类数量在减少，鸟的体型在缩小，翅膀在增长，原因未知。
1.C文章标题题。根据第一段中As the climate warms，birds are shrinking（缩小）and their wingspans are grwing，accrding t a new study.（一项新的研究显示，随着气候变暖，鸟类在缩小，翼幅也在增长。）和最后一段中The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds t shrink.（科学家们还不完全清楚为什么温度升高会导致鸟类缩小。）可知，本文主要介绍了随着气候变暖，鸟的体型在缩小，翅膀在增长，原因未知。因此本文最好的题目是C项“气候变化正导致鸟类缩小”。本题易误选A项“所有的鸟都在变得更小”，注意本选项未表明造成鸟变小的原因，故排除A项。
2.B细节理解题。根据第二段中“We fund almst all f the species were getting smaller，said lead authr Brian Weeks，an assistant prfessr at the University f Michigan.（作为主要作者的密歇根大学助理教授Brian Weeks说：“我们发现几乎所有的物种都在变小。”）和“The species were pretty diverse，but respnding in a similar way，”he said.“The cnsistency（一致性）was shcking.”（他说：“这些物种非常多样化，但它们的反应是相似的。这种一致性令人震惊。”）可知，Brian Weeks认为许多鸟类在应对气候变化时都在缩小是令人震惊的，故选B项。
3.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后文中explaining that the smaller bdy size means less energy available fr the birds t cmplete their lng jurneys可知，画线词所在部分语境为：迁徙是它们做的一件非常疲劳的事情，故画线词taxing意为“疲劳的”。tiring使人疲劳的；imprtant重要的；easy轻松的；pleasant令人愉快的。故选A项。
4.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds t shrink.（科学家们还不完全确定为什么温度升高会导致鸟类缩小。）可知，科学家还不知道气温升高导致鸟类缩小的原因。由此可推断出，科学家们将继续深入研究，故选C项。
B
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了雪豹保护协会安装摄像头去拍摄雪豹的照片，了解有多少雪豹生存在野外，但没有拍到照片，于是他们找猎人帮助，猎人因此不再捕杀雪豹，雪豹的数量一直在增加。
5.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的 aren't even sure hw many f these endangered animals still live in the wild. 可知，科学家们甚至不确定这些濒危动物有多少仍在野外生存。由此可推断出，6个月内没有拍到雪豹照片是因为数量太少了，故选B项。A项“SLC的20台照相机不能正常工作”、C项“当地的偷猎者故意毁坏了这些照相机”和D项“研究人员对这种动物的生活习惯知之甚少”在文中均未提及。
6.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的Markv agreed t set up the camera where he knew he wuld find lepards，and it wrked.及第五段中的Markv，nce a pacher，wrks full time fr the cnservatinists nw可知，Sergei Spitsyn找到猎人Mergen Markv是为了让他帮忙拍摄雪豹照片，Mergen Markv现在全职为自然环境保护主义者工作。因此，Sergei Spitsyn劝说Markv为雪豹保护协会工作，故选D项。
7.A细节理解题。根据第六段中的The Wrld Wildlife Fund（WWF）began wrking with ther lcal villagers in 2015. The village wuld be paid 40,000 rubles at the end f the year if the image f a snw lepard is caught.可知，2015年，世界自然基金会开始与当地其他村民合作。如果获取到雪豹的图像，该村将在年底得到4万卢布的报酬。可知世界自然基金会同当地村民合作就是为了获取雪豹的图像，故选A项。
8.C推理判断题。根据第六段中的The village wuld be paid 40,000 rubles at the end f the paching anymre.可知，如果获取到雪豹的图像，该村将在年底得到4万卢布的报酬。世界自然基金会还从村民那里租马匹，这样他们就不需要再通过偷猎赚钱了。因此世界自然基金会和当地村民的合作既可以帮助基金会获取雪豹的图像，又可以帮助当地村民赚钱。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧；Curisity kills the cat.好奇心害死猫；Kill tw birds with ne stne.一石二鸟；Old habits die hard.旧习难改。因此他们的合作同C项描述更贴切。
二、语法填空
语篇解读：全国人大常委会2020年2月24日表决通过了关于全面禁止非法野生动物交易的决定。同时，当地政府应适当采取措施补偿受影响的农户的利益。
1.was made考查时态及语态。句意：全国人大常委会于2020年2月作出一项重要决定。根据时间状语n February，2020可知，本空应用一般过去时；且句子主语decisin和动词make之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。
2.it考查it作形式宾语。句意：该决定明确指出，禁止食用所有动物，包括现行《野生动物保护法》或其他法律保护名单上的动物和所有陆生野生动物。本句中that引导宾语从句，故用it作形式宾语。
3.wh考查定语从句。句意：该决定宣布，任何非法猎捕、买卖、运输、食用列入现行法律保护名录的野生动物的人都将被严厉处罚。本空引导定语从句，修饰代词anyne，本空在从句中作主语且指人，故应用关系代词wh。
4.severely考查副词。句意参考上题。本空应用副词作状语修饰动词，故填severely，意为“严厉地”。
5.breaking考查现在分词。句意：该决定还指出，任何违反法律的商店都将被关闭，并面临重罚。本空修饰名词stre，被修饰词stre和动词break之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故本空应用现在分词作定语。
6.punishment考查名词。句意参考上题。根据空前形容词heavy可知，本空应用名词punishment。总结：常见的“动词+-ment变名词”：develp→develpment；mve→mvement；imprve-imprvement；achieve-achievement；arrange arrangement；manage-management；assign-assignment；agree→agreement；enjy→enjyment；judge→judgement；appint→appintment；equip→equipment等。
7.risks考查名词复数。句意：一位官员说：“自从新型冠状病毒暴发以来，食用野生动物的风险已经引起了公众的广泛关注。”根据直接引语中的谓语动词have arused可知，本空应用复数形式。
8.t pass考查不定式。句意：在预防和控制流行病的关键时刻，全国人大常委会通过这样一项特别的决定是非常必要的。本句中t作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。
9.have been raised考查时态及语态。句意：……经过长期饲养的动物，如鸽子和兔子，也没有在名单中。根据时间状语fr a lng time可知，本空应用现在完成时；且从句主语that指的是名词Animals，和动词raise之间为被动关系，故本空应用现在完成时的被动语态
10.n考查介词。句意：……根据实际情况给他们提供补偿。depend n取决于；依赖。
（2021四川成都外国语学校高一上学期期中）
As the climate warms, birds are shrinking（缩小）and their wingspans are grwing, accrding t a new study. Researchers analyzed 70,716 birds frm 52 kinds f Nrth American migratry（迁徙的）bird species cllected ver 40 years. The authrs say the study is the largest f its kind and that the findings are imprtant t understanding hw animals will adapt t climate change.
"We fund almst all f the species were getting smaller," said lead authr Brian Weeks, an assistant prfessr at the University f Michigan. "The species were pretty diverse, but respnding in a similar way," he said. "The cnsistency（一致性）was shcking." He said studies f animal respnses t climate change ften fcus n shifts in the gegraphical range r timing f life events, like migratin and birth. But this study suggests bdy mrphlgy（形态）is a crucial third aspect.
"That's ne majr implicatin," he said. "It's hard t understand hw birds will adapt withut taking all three f these things int cnsideratin."
The findings shwed that frm 1978 t 2016, the length f the birds' lwer leg bne shrtened by 2.4%. Over the same time, the wings lengthened by 1.3%.
The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in bdy size, which in turn caused the increase in wing length.
"Migratin is an incredibly taxing thing they d," Mr. Weeks said, explaining that the smaller bdy size means less energy available fr the birds t cmplete their lng jurneys. He says the birds mst likely t survive migratin were the nes with lnger wingspans and smaller bdies.
The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds t shrink. One thery is that smaller animals are better at cling ff, lsing bdy heat mre quickly.
1. What's the best title fr the text?
A. All f the Birds Are Getting Smaller
B. Animals Are Adapting t Climate Change
C. Climate Change Is Causing Birds t Shrink
D. Scientists Are Finding Causes f Warm Climate
2. What made Brian Weeks feel astnished?
A. It tk 40 years t cllect 70,716 birds frm Nrth America.
B. Many birds are shrinking when respnding t the climate change.
C. All migratry bird species were cllected t d the imprtant research.
D. S many researchers take part in the largest study t wrk ut the findings.
3. What des the underlined wrd "taxing" in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A. Tiring.
B. Imprtant.
C. Easy.
D. Pleasant.
4. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. The migratry birds aren't big.
B. The temperatures will be higher.
C. The scientists will g n further study.
D. The smaller animals will surely live lnger.
B
（2020山东烟台高一上期末）
Snw lepards（雪豹）are s hard t phtgraph that scientists aren't even sure hw many f these endangered animals still live in the wild.
The Snw Lepard Cnservancy（SLC）set up 20 cameras in Russia in 2010 t learn mre abut the big cats. After a full six mnths, they had exactly zer picture! That's when the rganizatin understd they needed help. And the nly peple wh culd help them in finding the lepards were the very peple frm whm they wanted t prtect the animals-lcal hunters（猎人）.
Hunting snw lepards is against the law in Russia, but in the terrible climate f Siberia, the few peple living there had t turn t paching（盗猎）t feed their families.
In 2013, Russian naturalist Sergei Spitsyn apprached Mergen Markv, a lcal hunter, and tld him his prject. Markv agreed t set up the camera where he knew he wuld find lepards, and it wrked.
Markv, nce a pacher, wrks full time fr the cnservatinists nw and has 10 cameras mnitring lepards. "I visit each camera nce a mnth. I have knwn this whle regin since I was a child," he said prudly.
The Wrld Wildlife Fund（WWF）began wrking with ther lcal villagers in 2015. The village wuld be paid 40,000 rubles at the end f the year if the image f a snw lepard is caught. The WWF als rents hrses frm the villagers s that they d nt need t make mney by paching anymre. "Tday there are far fewer lepard pachers but lepards still get caught in traps set fr ther animals, s I have t stay watchful," said Markv.
Changing guns fr cameras has s made a big difference in the lives f these frmer pachers, the village, and the Russian snw lepards. The number f snw lepards has been rising and their ppulatin is expected t recver t nrmal levels within 10 years.
5. Why was n picture f snw lepards taken in six mnths?
A. SLC's 20 cameras failed t wrk prperly
B. The number f snw lepards in the wild was t small.
C. The lcal pachers destryed these cameras n purpse.
D. The researchers knew little abut the animal's living habits.
6. What did Sergei Spitsyn persuade Markv t d?
A. Find the pachers.
B. Repair cameras in the frest.
C. Catch mre lepards.
D. Wrk fr the SLC.
7. Why did the WWF begin wrking with lcal villagers?
A. T get sme pictures f snw lepards.
B. T help villagers make a living.
C. T prevent villagers frm hunting animals.
D. T rent their hrses at a lw price.
8. Hw can we describe the WWF's cperatin with the villagers?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Curisity kills the cat.
C. Kill tw birds with ne stne.
D. Old habits die hard.
二、语法填空
（2021独家原创试题）
An imprtant decisin 1 make by t the NPC Standing Cmmittee（全国人大常委会）n February, 2020. The decisin made 2 clear that all animals, including thse n the prtectin list f the existing Wild Animal Prtectin Law r ther laws and all terrestrial（陆生的）wildlife, are banned frm cnsumptin. The decisin annunced that anyne 3 illegally hunts, trades, transprts r eats wild animals n the prtectin list f existing laws will be 4 （severe）punished. The decisin als said any stre 5 （break）the law will be clsed and face heavy 6 （punish）. "Since the utbreak f the nvel crnavirus. the 7 （risk）f eating wild animals have arused wide public cncern, " an fficial said. "At the critical mment in epidemic preventin and cntrl, it's highly necessary fr the NPC Standing Cmmittee 8 （pass）such a special decisin. "
Hwever, aquatic（水生的）wild animals like fish are nt n the prhibitin list. Cmmn pultry（家禽）and livestck（家畜）like pigs, cattle and sheep are als nt n the list. Animals that 9 （raise）fr a lng time, such as pigens and rabbits are nt n the list, either. "The decisin may cause ecnmic lsses t sme farmers wh raise animals. Lcal gvernments shuld supprt and help them t adjust and transfrm prductin, and ffer them cmpensatin depending 10 the practical situatin, " the fficial said.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
参考答案：
一、阅读理解
A
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明随着气候变暖，鸟类数量在减少，鸟的体型在缩小，翅膀在增长，原因未知。
1.C文章标题题。根据第一段中As the climate warms，birds are shrinking（缩小）and their wingspans are grwing，accrding t a new study.（一项新的研究显示，随着气候变暖，鸟类在缩小，翼幅也在增长。）和最后一段中The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds t shrink.（科学家们还不完全清楚为什么温度升高会导致鸟类缩小。）可知，本文主要介绍了随着气候变暖，鸟的体型在缩小，翅膀在增长，原因未知。因此本文最好的题目是C项“气候变化正导致鸟类缩小”。本题易误选A项“所有的鸟都在变得更小”，注意本选项未表明造成鸟变小的原因，故排除A项。
2.B细节理解题。根据第二段中“We fund almst all f the species were getting smaller，said lead authr Brian Weeks，an assistant prfessr at the University f Michigan.（作为主要作者的密歇根大学助理教授Brian Weeks说：“我们发现几乎所有的物种都在变小。”）和“The species were pretty diverse，but respnding in a similar way，”he said.“The cnsistency（一致性）was shcking.”（他说：“这些物种非常多样化，但它们的反应是相似的。这种一致性令人震惊。”）可知，Brian Weeks认为许多鸟类在应对气候变化时都在缩小是令人震惊的，故选B项。
3.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后文中explaining that the smaller bdy size means less energy available fr the birds t cmplete their lng jurneys可知，画线词所在部分语境为：迁徙是它们做的一件非常疲劳的事情，故画线词taxing意为“疲劳的”。tiring使人疲劳的；imprtant重要的；easy轻松的；pleasant令人愉快的。故选A项。
4.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds t shrink.（科学家们还不完全确定为什么温度升高会导致鸟类缩小。）可知，科学家还不知道气温升高导致鸟类缩小的原因。由此可推断出，科学家们将继续深入研究，故选C项。
B
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了雪豹保护协会安装摄像头去拍摄雪豹的照片，了解有多少雪豹生存在野外，但没有拍到照片，于是他们找猎人帮助，猎人因此不再捕杀雪豹，雪豹的数量一直在增加。
5.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的 aren't even sure hw many f these endangered animals still live in the wild. 可知，科学家们甚至不确定这些濒危动物有多少仍在野外生存。由此可推断出，6个月内没有拍到雪豹照片是因为数量太少了，故选B项。A项“SLC的20台照相机不能正常工作”、C项“当地的偷猎者故意毁坏了这些照相机”和D项“研究人员对这种动物的生活习惯知之甚少”在文中均未提及。
6.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的Markv agreed t set up the camera where he knew he wuld find lepards，and it wrked.及第五段中的Markv，nce a pacher，wrks full time fr the cnservatinists nw可知，Sergei Spitsyn找到猎人Mergen Markv是为了让他帮忙拍摄雪豹照片，Mergen Markv现在全职为自然环境保护主义者工作。因此，Sergei Spitsyn劝说Markv为雪豹保护协会工作，故选D项。
7.A细节理解题。根据第六段中的The Wrld Wildlife Fund（WWF）began wrking with ther lcal villagers in 2015. The village wuld be paid 40,000 rubles at the end f the year if the image f a snw lepard is caught.可知，2015年，世界自然基金会开始与当地其他村民合作。如果获取到雪豹的图像，该村将在年底得到4万卢布的报酬。可知世界自然基金会同当地村民合作就是为了获取雪豹的图像，故选A项。
8.C推理判断题。根据第六段中的The village wuld be paid 40,000 rubles at the end f the paching anymre.可知，如果获取到雪豹的图像，该村将在年底得到4万卢布的报酬。世界自然基金会还从村民那里租马匹，这样他们就不需要再通过偷猎赚钱了。因此世界自然基金会和当地村民的合作既可以帮助基金会获取雪豹的图像，又可以帮助当地村民赚钱。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧；Curisity kills the cat.好奇心害死猫；Kill tw birds with ne stne.一石二鸟；Old habits die hard.旧习难改。因此他们的合作同C项描述更贴切。
二、语法填空
语篇解读：全国人大常委会2020年2月24日表决通过了关于全面禁止非法野生动物交易的决定。同时，当地政府应适当采取措施补偿受影响的农户的利益。
1.was made考查时态及语态。句意：全国人大常委会于2020年2月作出一项重要决定。根据时间状语n February，2020可知，本空应用一般过去时；且句子主语decisin和动词make之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。
2.it考查it作形式宾语。句意：该决定明确指出，禁止食用所有动物，包括现行《野生动物保护法》或其他法律保护名单上的动物和所有陆生野生动物。本句中that引导宾语从句，故用it作形式宾语。
3.wh考查定语从句。句意：该决定宣布，任何非法猎捕、买卖、运输、食用列入现行法律保护名录的野生动物的人都将被严厉处罚。本空引导定语从句，修饰代词anyne，本空在从句中作主语且指人，故应用关系代词wh。
4.severely考查副词。句意参考上题。本空应用副词作状语修饰动词，故填severely，意为“严厉地”。
5.breaking考查现在分词。句意：该决定还指出，任何违反法律的商店都将被关闭，并面临重罚。本空修饰名词stre，被修饰词stre和动词break之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故本空应用现在分词作定语。
6.punishment考查名词。句意参考上题。根据空前形容词heavy可知，本空应用名词punishment。总结：常见的“动词+-ment变名词”：develp→develpment；mve→mvement；imprve-imprvement；achieve-achievement；arrange arrangement；manage-management；assign-assignment；agree→agreement；enjy→enjyment；judge→judgement；appint→appintment；equip→equipment等。
7.risks考查名词复数。句意：一位官员说：“自从新型冠状病毒暴发以来，食用野生动物的风险已经引起了公众的广泛关注。”根据直接引语中的谓语动词have arused可知，本空应用复数形式。
8.t pass考查不定式。句意：在预防和控制流行病的关键时刻，全国人大常委会通过这样一项特别的决定是非常必要的。本句中t作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。
9.have been raised考查时态及语态。句意：……经过长期饲养的动物，如鸽子和兔子，也没有在名单中。根据时间状语fr a lng time可知，本空应用现在完成时；且从句主语that指的是名词Animals，和动词raise之间为被动关系，故本空应用现在完成时的被动语态
10.n考查介词。句意：……根据实际情况给他们提供补偿。depend n取决于；依赖。
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