北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 Word版含解析

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考试时间：90分钟
笔试（共三部分100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Back in 2008, I was teaching Cncepts f Fitness in a high schl. At the end f ne class, I chatted with David Gale, a senir high jumper, abut hw t imprve his ____1____ and hw mtivatin played an imprtant rle in ne’s achievement. He, ut f the blue, asked me what wuld happen if he brke the schl recrd.
Nt ____2____ f his passin and determinatin, I paused fr a mment, but then prmised that I wuld paint his name n the wall f ur classrm. He was very excited and suggested that I g purchase the paint.
Nthing mre was mentined abut the ____3____ until tw weeks later, the yung warrir ran int the classrm with a huge smile n his face. “I did it! I brke the recrd!” he shuted as I was still gathering infrmatin t ____4____ what I had prmised him. I jined in with the high-fives and fist bumps ____5____ him.
The next day, it was dne! G-A-L-E. Huge blue letters with white edges, the schl clrs. I culd see his excitement even surpassed the success itself. Actually, his cach said the wall was part f the ____6____ t break the recrd.
What happened next was ttally amazing. Many students, even frm ther classes, saw the name n the wall and ____7____ hw they, t, culd be cnsidered fr the wall. With the enrmus ____8____, I had t add mre names t the wall, and mre than 100 names appeared there in the fllwing 10 years.
Many flks admitted they wuld nt have ____9____ what they did if the wall hadn’t been part f the reward. Mre imprtantly, all thse wh stepped far beynd their cmfrt zne helped set the ____10____ higher.
1. A. healthB. perfrmanceC. talentD. knwledge
2. A. prudB. afraidC. certainD. fnd
3. A. prmiseB. recrdC. suggestinD. news
4. A. describeB. recallC. explainD. picture
5. A. encuragingB. admiringC. cngratulatingD. greeting
6. A. excitementB. cnfidenceC. creativityD. mtivatin
7. A. inquiredB. expectedC. insistedD. dubted
8. A. effrtB. experienceC. stressD. respnse
9. A. adjustedB. achievedC. examinedD. displayed
10. A. paceB. stageC. barD. tne
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。作者在一所高中教健身概念，一次在与一名高级跳高运动员David Gale的交谈中，作者承诺他如果他打破学校记录，作者会将他的名字写在墙上，随后David Gale打破了记录，作者也信守承诺将他的名字写在墙上。随后更多学生以将自己的名字写在墙上为动力取得了很多成就。
1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一节课结束时，我与一位高级跳高运动员大卫·盖尔（David Gale）聊了聊如何提高他的表现并且聊了动机如何在一个人的成就中发挥重要作用。A. health健康；B. perfrmance表演；表现；C. talent天赋；D. knwledge知识。由上文“Back in 2008, I was teaching Cncepts f Fitness in a high schl.”可知，作者在一所高中教健身概念，应该是和这位高级跳高运动员讨论如何提高他的表现。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不确定他的热情和决心，停顿了一会儿，但随后答应我会把他的名字写在我们教室的墙上。A. prud骄傲的；B. afraid害怕的；C. certain确定的；D. fnd喜欢的。由下文“I paused fr a mment,”可知，作者停顿了一会是因为不确定这名学生想打破学校记录的这种热情和决心有多大，故选C。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于这个承诺，没有再多说什么，直到两周后，这位年轻的战士脸上带着灿烂的笑容跑进了教室。A. prmise承诺；B. recrd记录；C. suggestin建议；D. news新闻。上文“I paused fr a mment, but then prmised that I wuld paint his name n the wall f ur classrm”提到作者答应将David Gale的名字写在墙上，由此可知，此处指关于这个承诺，没有再多说什么，prmise是同词复现，故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我做到了！我打破了纪录！”当我仍在收集信息以回忆我对他的承诺时，他喊道。A. describe描写；B. recall回想；C. explain解释；D. picture设想。第二段中“I paused fr a mment, but then prmised that I wuld paint his name n the wall f ur classrm.”提到之前作者答应这名学生如果他打破了学校记录作者会把他的名字写在墙上，所以当他说自己打破记录时，作者在回想自己对他说过的这一承诺，故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和他一起击掌庆祝。A. encuraging鼓励；B. admiring钦佩；C. cngratulating祝贺；D. greeting打招呼。由上文““I did it! I brke the recrd!””和“I jined in with the high-fives and fist bumps”可知，当David Gale说自己打破学校记录时，作者和他击掌祝贺他打破记录，故选C。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他的教练说，这面墙是打破纪录的动力之一。A. excitement兴奋；B. cnfidence自信；C. creativity创造力；D. mtivatin动机。由第一段提到的“hw mtivatin played an imprtant rle in ne’s achievement”和下文“Many flks admitted they wuld nt have_________what they did if the wall hadn’t been part f the reward.”可知，这面墙给了很多人鼓励，是他们取得成功的动力，由此可知，此处指这面墙是David Gale打破学校记录的动力之一，故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多学生，甚至是其他班级的学生，看到墙上的名字，询问如何也可以考虑将他们列入墙上。A. inquired询问；B. expected期待；C. insisted坚持；D. dubted怀疑。由上文“Many students, even frm ther classes, saw the name n the wall”可知，其他班级的学生看到墙上的姓名后，询问该如何能将自己的名词也写在墙上，故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于反响巨大，我不得不在墙上添加更多的名字，在接下来的十年里，墙上出现了100多个名字。A. frt堡垒；B. experience经验；C. stress压力；D. respnse回复；反响。由下文“I had t add mre names t the wall, and mre than 100 names appeared there in the fllwing 10 years.”可知，墙上有了更多名字，这说明更多人愿意将自己的名字写在墙上，即这件事反响很大，故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人承认，如果没有这面墙作为奖励，他们就不会取得今天的成就。A. adjusted调整；B. achieved实现；C. examined检查；D. displayed展示。由下文“what they did if the wall hadn’t been part f the reward”和上文提到的David Gale了打破学校记录后作者将他的名字写在墙上，由此可知，取得成就的人可以将名字写在墙上，故此处指没有这面墙作为奖励，那些名字写在墙上的人就不会取得今天的成就，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，所有走出舒适区的人都提高了标准。A. pace步伐；B. stage舞台；C. bar酒吧，障碍，限制；D. tne语气。由上文“Mre imprtantly, all thse wh stepped far beynd their cmfrt zne helped set the”以及上文提到的许多人以这面墙作为奖励，取得了很多成就可知，这些取得成就的人走出舒适区，设立了更高的标准，取得了成就，set the bar固定搭配，意为“设定标准或期望”，故选C。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
语法填空
When I lived in Bstn, I taught English as a secnd language t adult students frm arund the wrld. On the last day, they____11____ (thrw) a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enugh English t rganize such an event altgether. At the end f the party, they prudly handed me a gift bx. After the bx was pened, I____12____ (gentle) lifted a beautiful cat frm it. “We went shpping fr a new cat!” they all shuted____13____wnderfully perfect English.
【答案】11. threw
12. gently 13. in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者教学生英语。学生组织了一次活动并送给了作者礼物。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在最后一天，他们举办了一个不错的聚会。此处为谓语动词的填入，结合上文时态以及该句中的时间状语On the last day可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填threw。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：盒子打开后，我轻轻地从里面拿出一件漂亮的外套。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词gently作状语修饰动词lifted，满足句意要求。故填gently。
【13题详解】
考查介词。句意：“我们去买一件新外套！”他们用非常完美的英语喊道。此处为固定短语in English“用英语说”，所以为介词in的填入。故填in。
B
语法填空
In early Nvember in 2023, a diver, ____14____ (swim) ff the cast f Sardinia, nticed pieces f metal n the cean flr. He called the authrities and mre divers ____15____ (send) t lk. The pieces turned ut t be ancient Rman cins. The cins mstly lay buried in sand and seagrass nt far frm the cast. It is said that mre than 30, 000 cins have been fund, ____16____ are clse t 2, 000 years ld. Experts call this a majr histrical ____17____ (discver).
【答案】14. swimming
15. were sent
16. which 17. discvery
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时发现了数量巨大的古代硬币。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年11月初，一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时，注意到海底有金属碎片。句子谓语为nticed，所以此处为非谓语动词。动词swim和其逻辑主语a diver之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填swimming。
【15题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：他打电话给当局，更多的潜水员被派去查看。此处为并列句的谓语动词。根据前文called可知，此处用一般过去时。主语divers是复数，与谓语动词send之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were sent。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据说已经发现了3万多枚硬币，都有近2000年的历史。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cins，指物，并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：专家称这是一个重大的历史发现。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处用可数名词discvery的单数形式。故填discvery。
C
语法填空
ChatGPT is a chatbt. Sme schls ____18____ (ban) it since its birth. They need time t make rules abut ____19____ it’s t be used prperly in class. Sme teachers see it as a cheating tl. But many principals believe it’s t late t keep AI ut f classrms. A grwing number f educatrs say the panic abut AI is a lt like the panic ____20____ (cause) by the Internet when it was new. One f them says, “ChatGPT is t English and t writing what the calculatr is t math.”
【答案】18. have banned
19. hw 20. caused
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了ChatGPT在学校是使用情况。一些学校禁止使用ChatGPT，但许多教育工作者认为人工智能在教育中是很重要的。
【18题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据句中的“since its birth”可知，谓语动词ban使用现在完成时，主语“sme schls”为复数意义，谓语用复数形式。故填have banned。
【19题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他们需要时间来制定规则，规定如何在课堂上正确使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少“如何”这一含义，因此使用连接副词hw引导宾语从句。故填hw。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的教育工作者表示，对人工智能的恐慌很像互联网刚出现时引起的恐慌。此处为非谓语动词，动词cause与其逻辑主语panic之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Dear Clleague,
I am writing with infrmatin abut BAC University Summer Term’s fur exciting prgrams fr high schl students. These prgrams prvide the pprtunity t study at a wrld-renwned university, strengthen English-language skills and enjy summer in Bstn. Here is a brief verview f ur prgrams:
High Schl Hnrs is a six-week residential r nline prgram in which students take BAC University undergraduate curses and earn up t 8 transferable cllege credits. Students must be entering Grades 10-12 in fall 2024.
Academic Immersin (AIM) is a three-week nn-credit residential prgram fr students t fcus intensively n a single academic tpic. This summer we are ffering three AIM tracks: Intrductin t Experimental Psychlgy, Intrductin t Medicine, and Creative Writing. All three tracks cmbine classrm wrk with hands-n experiential learning activities. Students must be entering Grade 11 r Grade 12 in fall 2024.
Summer Challenge is a tw-week residential r nline prgram in which students take tw nn-credit seminars f their chice and experience cllege life. Students must be entering Grade 12 in fall 2024.
Summer Preview is a ne-week nn-credit residential prgram in which students explre ne subject f interest while previewing the cllege experience. Students must be entering Grade 9 r Grade10 in fall 2024.
Our Summer Term’s prgrams prvide students with rigrus and cllabrative cllege life experiences that enable them t gain a strng sense f their persnal and academic ptential. Every year, ur students frm strng friendships as they undertake challenging cursewrk and participate in scial events.
I have enclsed a pster and a prgram brchure. I hpe yu will share this infrmatin with yur students. Please feel free t cntact us via email at summerhs@bac.edu if yu have any questins abut ur prgrams.
Warmly,
Amanda Nelsn
Assciate Directr
BAC University Summer Term
21. A Grade 11 student in fall 2024 wh prefers nline prgrams culd chse ________.
A. High Schl HnrsB. Academic ImmersinC. Summer ChallengeD. Summer Preview
22. Accrding t the passage, students can ________.
A. get at least 8 transferable credits in High Schl Hnrs
B. gain bth knwledge and practical experience in AIM
C. earn credits frm the curses in Summer Challenge
D. engage in in-depth research in Summer Preview
23. What’s Amanda Nelsn’s purpse in writing the letter?
A. T evaluate a summer camp.B. T prmte pre-cllege prgrams.
C. T recmmend university curses.D. T intrduce cllege learning prjects.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一封Amanda Nelsn写给同学的信，信中介绍了BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个的项目的情况。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“High Schl Hnrs is a six-week residential r nline prgram in which students take BAC University undergraduate curses and earn up t 8 transferable cllege credits.(高中荣誉课程是一个为期六周的住宿或在线课程，学生参加BAC大学的本科课程，并获得多达8个可转换的大学学分)”可知，2024年秋季，喜欢在线课程的11年级学生可以选择高中荣誉课程。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This summer we are ffering three AIM tracks: Intrductin t Experimental Psychlgy, Intrductin t Medicine, and Creative Writing. All three tracks cmbine classrm wrk with hands-n experiential learning activities.(今年夏天，我们提供三个AIM课程：实验心理学导论，医学导论和创意写作。所有三个轨道结合课堂工作与实践体验式学习活动)”可知，学生可以在AIM中获得知识和实践经验。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I am writing with infrmatin abut BAC University Summer Term’s fur exciting prgrams fr high schl students. These prgrams prvide the pprtunity t study at a wrld-renwned university, strengthen English-language skills and enjy summer in Bstn.(我写信给你的是关于BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个令人兴奋的项目的信息。这些项目提供了在世界知名大学学习的机会，加强英语技能，并在波士顿享受夏天)”根据第二段“High Schl Hnrs is a six-week residential r nline prgram in which students take BAC University undergraduate curses and earn up t 8 transferable cllege credits.(高中荣誉课程是一个为期六周的住宿或在线课程，学生参加BAC大学的本科课程，并获得多达8个可转换的大学学分)”结合文章是一封Amanda Nelsn写给同学的信，信中介绍了BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个的项目的情况。可推知，阿曼达·纳尔逊写这封信的目的是推广大学预科课程。故选B。
B
Mark Brwn, 57, had been making films fr 30 years, but he fund himself feeling tired f it. “I thught, things can nly g dwnhill.” Brwn knew he needed t d smething else — but what? A few years earlier, he had bught his childhd huse and mved in. While Brwn wndered abut a secnd care er in gardening, he heard a different internal vice. “That child wh used t lve drawing whispered t me dwn the years,” he said. Sme unacknwledged lnging in him was brught ut.
There was a great ak tree near his hme. It had std ut t his yung self as a “fantastical giant — a treasure hme t birds, insects and animals. There was a cave inside. We used t squeeze in thrugh this hle.” He decided t lck himself away fr tw mnths t draw it in all its glrius detail.
“While I was drawing,” he said, “there came mments when it was as thugh the tree was drawing itself. I had spent s much time playing in it. I culd feel it. It was deep inside me.” His finished ak held “a real pwer”, he said. “As yu walk twards it, it just grws.” Brwn became a tree prtraitist.
Over the next few years, he travelled acrss Britain and spent days with the trees selected with the help f the Ancient Tree Frum, the Tree Cuncil and the Wdland Trust. Brwn has started wrk n a 20-drawing series f Britain’s mst imprtant ash trees. “These beautiful ld ash trees are ging t be lst t us,” he says. “They are 350 years ld and they are dying because f a disease that we’ve spread.”
Drawing is nt nly an act f care and a demand fr preservatin, but it “gives me that interface between my passin fr the natural wrld and my creativity,” Brwn says. It has als given him a different perspective n the passage f time. “I’m an ld man yet I’m nly 71, and sme f the trees I’ve drawn are 1,000 years ld. When I’m with them and when I draw them, I think abut the end f my life and the brief nature f human life that passes mmentarily beneath them.”
24. At the age f 57, Brwn ______.
A. mved int his ld huseB. awakened a childhd interest
C. reached the peak f his lifeD. develped a passin fr gardening
25. What can we learn abut the ak tree and Brwn?
A. It helped him start a new career.B. It linked him with the wrld.
C. He built a tree huse in it.D. He studied creatures in it.
26. What is Brwn wrking n?
A. Setting up tree rganizatins.B. Lking fr cures fr tree diseases.
C. Drawing t call fr prtectin fr trees.D. Travelling t select imprtant trees in Britain.
27. When Brwn is with trees, he feels that ______.
A. time is endlessB. human life is temprary
C. nature is dynamicD. life-lng learning is crucial
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了57岁的马克·布朗唤醒了儿时的兴趣，成为了一名树木肖像画家。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段““That child wh used t lve drawing whispered t me dwn the years,” he said. Sme unacknwledged lnging in him was brught ut.(“那个喜欢画画的孩子多年来一直对我耳语，”他说。他心中某种未被承认的渴望被激发出来了)”可知，57岁时，布朗唤醒了儿时的兴趣。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“His finished ak held “a real pwer”, he said. “As yu walk twards it, it just grws.” Brwn became a tree prtraitist.(他说，他的成品橡木拥有“真正的力量”。“当你走向它的时候，它就会越来越大。”布朗成为了一名树木肖像画家)”可知，橡树让布朗开始了新的职业生涯。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““These beautiful ld ash trees are ging t be lst t us,” he says. “They are 350 years ld and they are dying because f a disease that we’ve spread.”(“这些美丽的老白蜡树对我们来说将会失去，”他说。“它们已经350岁了，由于我们传播的疾病，它们正在死去。”)”可知，布朗呼吁保护树木。故选C。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“When I’m with them and when I draw them, I think abut the end f my life and the brief nature f human life that passes mmentarily beneath them.(当我和他们在一起，当我画他们的时候，我想到了我生命的终结，以及人类生命的短暂本质，在他们下面转瞬即逝)”可知，当布朗和树在一起时，他觉得人的生命是短暂的。故选B。
C
When we’re slving a cmplicated prblem, we ften gather a grup t brainstrm. We’re lking t get the best ideas as quickly as pssible. I lve seeing it happen — except fr ne tiny wrinkle. Grup brainstrming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.” But the prblem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s hw we run them.
Think abut the brainstrming sessins yu’ve attended. Yu’ve prbably seen peple bite their tngues due t eg threat (“I dn’t want t lk stupid.”), nise (“We can’t all talk at nce.”), and cnfrmity pressure (“Let’s all jump n the bss’s ship!”). Gdbye diversity f thught, hell grupthink.
T unearth the hidden ptential in teams, instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are sl. Yu start by asking everyne t generate ideas separately. Next, yu pl them and share them amng the grup. T preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them n their wn. Only then des the team cme tgether t select and refine the mst prmising ptins. By develping and assessing ideas individually befre chsing them, teams can surface and advance pssibilities that might nt get attentin therwise.
Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. They find that a key t cllective intelligence is full and fair participatin. In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsided in favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. The brainwriting prcess makes sure that all ideas are brught t the table and all vice s are brught int the cnversatin. The gal isn’t t be the smartest persn in the rm — it’s t make the rm smarter.
Cllective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it desn’t end there. Individuals prduce a greater vlume and variety f nvel ideas when they wrk alne. That means that they cme up with mre brilliant ideas than grups — but als mre terrible ideas than grups. It takes cllective judgment t find the signal in the nise and bring the best ideas t fruitin.
28. Bth Jhn Smith and the authr may agree that brainstrming meetings fail t ______.
A. assess humans ptentialB. simplify prblems quickly
C. accept pssible gd ideasD. get the mst ut f individuals
29. What des the underlined wrd “lpsided” in Paragraph 5 mst prbably mean?
A. Infrmal.B. Unbalanced.C. Imprper.D. Unpleasant.
30. The authr writes this passage mainly t ______.
A. challenge a cnclusinB. make a cmparisn
C. advcate a practiceD. intrduce a research
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.”(大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们不太可能最大化集体智慧。正如幽默作家约翰·史密斯所说：“如果你必须用一个词来说明人类没有、也永远不会实现其全部潜力的原因，这个词就是：‘会议’。”)”可知，约翰·史密斯和作者可能都同意，头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsidedin favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. (在头脑风暴会议中，参与很容易变得lpsided，有利于最自负、最响亮的声音和最有权势的人)”可知，头脑风暴会议中，参与者很容易倾向于最自负、声音最大和最有权势的人，即变得不平衡。故划线词意思是“不平衡的”。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“T unearth the hidden ptential in teams, instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. (为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好不要进行头脑风暴，而是转向一种叫做“头脑写作”的过程)”以及倒数第二段“Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. (组织行为学学者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解释这种方法为何有效)”结合文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了提倡一种做法。故选C。
D
Climate experts are having a debate: they are asking whether the UK shuld fcus mre n adapting t climate change r trying t prevent it
David Frst hlds that preventing climate change is n lnger an ptin, given the extent t which the Earth nw appears certain t heat up. Despite the many plicies which attempt t stp climate change, it nw seems unavidable that the wrld will pass the 1.5℃ r 2℃ increases in average glbal temperature that are likely t induce large changes in the climate.
David Frst is right in that ur ecnmies are grwing s much slwer than we had anticipated. Our emissins can drp if we reduce emissins per unit f GDP we create—but they can als drp if the GDP is lwer. Lwer grwth means it is mre feasible (可行的) fr us t achieve targets such as Net Zer, but it als makes it less envirnmentally urgent t achieve thse targets s sn, because we are and have been emitting a lt less carbn than we had anticipated.
The UK authrity finds the debate abut adaptatin difficult. Partly, it is because sme activists claim that adaptatin is nt feasible. They say that climate change will end human civilizatin, ptentially leading t the entire extinctin f the human race.
Hwever, the mainstream view f many scientists and ecnmists, wh wrk n climate change, is that glbal warming culd lead t large changes in ur envirnment. Significant parts f the wrld currently heavily ppulated culd becme effectively uninhabitable while ther parts currently unsuitable fr high-density human habitatin wuld becme mre habitable. Meanwhile, at higher temperatures bth climate and weather are likely t becme mre vlatile—including increased frequency f strms, flding and ther weather events.
These wuld be significant changes, but it wuld be perfectly feasible fr humans t adapt t them. The issue is nt whether adapting wuld be technically feasible, but whether it wuld be desirable either in ethical r practical terms. Are we willing t accept a materially warmer wrld, with humans living in different parts f it? Are we willing t accept the pssible extinctins f certain species and the greater flurishing f thse currently less successful and f new species yet t evlve? Are we willing t accept the cnsequences f a large shift in the patterns f human habitatin acrss the wrld?
It is by n means clear n what basis we ught t ethnically privilege the plants and animals that flurish under tday’s climate ver thse that wuld flurish under a warmer, mre vlatile climate. Hwever, adaptatin will be feasible and is a necessity given the extent t which warming is nw unavidable. Slwer GDP grwth and thus slwer climate change ught t make greater effrts at adaptatin mre attractive.
31. Accrding t the passage, wh hesitate(s) t adapt t the climate change?
A. The gvernment.B. Climate experts.
C. David Frst.D. The activists.
32. The underlined wrd “vlatile” in Paragraph 5 prbably means ________.
A. changeableB. predictableC. bearableD. nticeable
33. The questins in Paragraph 6 are mainly aimed at __________.
A. expressing dubts abut peple’s adaptability
B. presenting examples f future climate patterns
C. highlighting the cnsequences f human activities
D. helping peple decide n their penness t adaptatin
34. Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A. Slwing climate change deserves great effrts.
B. Glbal warming is preventable t sme extent.
C. Adaptatin t climate change is beynd questin.
D. Prtectin f the current species shuld be priritized.
【答案】31. A 32. A 33. D 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了目前关于如何应对气候变化有两种不同观点——适应气候变化或者阻止气候变化，但作者认为适应气候变化是可行的和必要的。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据2段的“David Frst hlds that preventing climate change is n lnger an ptin, given the extent t which the Earth nw appears certain t heat up.(大卫·弗罗斯特(David Frst)认为，考虑到地球现在似乎肯定会变暖的程度，阻止气候变化不再是一种选择。) ”可以判断Frst是支持适应气候变化的，根据第4段“The UK authrity finds the debate abut adaptatin difficult. Partly, it is because sme activists claim that adaptatin is nt feasible. They say that climate change will end human civilizatin, ptentially leading t the entire extinctin f the human race.(英国当局发现，有关适应气候变化的辩论很困难。部分原因是一些活动人士声称适应气候变化是不可行的。他们说，气候变化将终结人类文明，有可能导致整个人类灭绝。)”可知英国当局对关于适应论的争论犯了难，即不知道该支持哪边，对是否去适应气候变化存疑。故选A。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段破折号后的“including increased frequency f strms, flding and ther weather events(包括暴风雨、洪水和其他天气事件的频率增加)”可知，风暴、洪水和其他天气事件发生的频率增加，由此可推测出，气候和天气可能变得更加多变。vlatile意为“易变的”，与changeable意思最接近。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中的“The issue is nt whether adapting wuld be technically feasible, but whether it wuld be desirable either in ethical r practical terms.(问题不在于适应在技术上是否可行，而在于从道德或实践角度来看是否可取。)”可知，从技术上来说适应气候变化是可行的，但问题是从道德或实践角度来看适应气候变化是否可取。接下来“Are we willing t accept a materially warmer wrld, with humans living in different parts f it? Are we willing t accept the pssible extinctins f certain species and the greater flurishing f thse currently less successful and f new species yet t evlve? Are we willing t accept the cnsequences f a large shift in the patterns f human habitatin acrss the wrld?(我们是否愿意接受一个实质上更温暖的世界，人类生活在这个世界的不同地方？我们是否愿意接受某些物种可能灭绝，以及那些目前不太成功的物种和尚未进化的新物种更加繁荣？我们是否愿意接受世界各地人类居住模式发生重大转变的后果？)”用提问的方式引发人们思考是否能接受气候变化带来的影响。由此可推测出，这些问题旨在帮助人们确定自己对适应的接受性。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hwever, adaptatin will be feasible and is a necessity given the extent t which warming is nw unavidable.(然而，考虑到气候变暖目前不可避免的程度，适应将是可行的，也是必要的。)”可知，作者认为气候变暖是不可避免的，所以适应是可行的和必要的，由此可推测出，作者认为适应气候变化是毋庸置疑的。故选C。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We humans are cmparisn creatures. ____35____ This quality may have evlved as a means f helping us fit int the scial hierarchy (等级) f the cultures we inhabited. Regardless f the reasns, scial cmparisn plays a significant rle in hw we view and evaluate urselves, and hw we interact with ur wrld.
It used t be that ur primary reference f cmparisn was ur lcal cmmunities, primarily neighbrs and c-wrkers. Because we tend t gather arund thse similar t urselves in terms f educatinal level, wrk incme, and shared interests, the range f differences when we cmpared urselves t thers was fairly small. Unfrtunately, with the emergence f the Internet, we can nw cmpare urselves t literally anyne in the wrld. ____36____ What had in previus generatins been a small gap in ur cmparisns has nw becme s large and unattainable.
____37____ When s many peple that are easily discverable n the Internet seem t be s successful. famus, influential and beautiful, given ur preference t cmpare, it is difficult nt t have it influence hw we view urselves. Sadly, these cmparisns usually result in ur feeling inadequate and “less than”.
These harmful cmparisns als damage ur emtinal lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety f unpleasant and unhealthy emtins. We feel jealusy and envy fr what thers have and what we lack. ____38____
It’s ne thing t realize that yu cmpare yurself t thers. It’s anther thing t recgnize that scial cmparisn is ften crrsive (逐步侵蚀的) t yu in s many ways psychlgically and emtinally. It’s an entirely ther thing t stp yurself frm cmparing yurself t thers. ____39____
A. We are cnstantly measuring urselves against ther peple.
B. Yet it is pssible, and it is wrth the effrt fr yur mental health.
C. Thus, we are nw expsed t grups that are quite different frm us.
D. We believe that there is smething wrng with us cmpared t thers.
E. We can even feel bitterness and anger at thers fr the unfairness f it all.
F. Cmparing urselves t thers has the ptential t increase ur life experience.
G. This new level f cmparisn has huge implicatins fr ur psychlgical lives.
【答案】35. A 36. C 37. G 38. E 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类生来喜爱比较，但互联网让人们比较的范围变得更大，对人们的生活也产生了一定影响。
【35题详解】
根据上文“We humans are cmparisn creatures.(我们人类是比较动物)”以及后文“This quality may have evlved as a means f helping us fit int the scial hierarchy (等级) f the cultures we inhabited.(这种品质可能是作为一种帮助我们融入我们所居住的文化的社会等级制度的手段而进化的)”可知，上文提到了人类是比较动物，且后文提到比较这种品质，可知本句主要对比较动物进行展开说明，说明人类爱和别人比较。故A选项“我们总是拿自己和别人比较”符合语境，故选A。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Unfrtunately, with the emergence f the Internet, we can nw cmpare urselves t literally anyne in the wrld.(不幸的是，随着互联网的出现，我们现在可以将自己与世界上的任何人进行比较)”以及后文“What had in previus generatins been a small gap in ur cmparisns has nw becme s large and unattainable.(在我们的比较中，前几代人的小差距现在变得如此之大，难以企及)”可知，上文提到了互联网让我们可以和世界上的任何人进行比较，且后文提到了前几代人的小差距现在变得如此之大，说明互联网导致比较的群体发生了变化，C选项“因此，我们现在接触到的群体与我们完全不同”符合语境，故选C。
【37题详解】
根据后文内容“When s many peple that are easily discverable n the Internet seem t be s successful. famus, influential and beautiful, given ur preference t cmpare, it is difficult nt t have it influence hw we view urselves. Sadly, these cmparisns usually result in ur feeling inadequate and “less than”.(当这么多在互联网上很容易被发现的人看起来很成功的时候。名气、影响力和美貌，考虑到我们喜欢攀比，很难不影响我们对自己的看法。可悲的是，这些比较通常会导致我们感觉不足和“不如”)”可知，后文提到了互联网的比较影响了我们对自己的看法，导致我们感觉不足和“不如”，说明这种比较对我们的心理产生了影响。故G选项“这种新的比较水平对我们的心理生活有着巨大的影响”符合语境，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据上文“These harmful cmparisns als damage ur emtinal lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety f unpleasant and unhealthy emtins. We feel jealusy and envy fr what thers have and what we lack.(这些有害的比较也会损害我们的情感生活。当我们感到匮乏时，我们会经历各种不愉快和不健康的情绪。我们对别人所拥有的和我们所缺乏的感到嫉妒和羡慕)”可知，本段的主旨是有害的比较会损害情感生活，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，主要说明对别人的比较产生的一些负面情绪。故E选项“我们甚至会对别人的不公平感到痛苦和愤怒”符合语境，故选E。
【39题详解】
根据上文“It’s ne thing t realize that yu cmpare yurself t thers. It’s anther thing t recgnize that scial cmparisn is ften crrsive (逐步侵蚀的) t yu in s many ways psychlgically and emtinally. It’s an entirely ther thing t stp yurself frm cmparing yurself t thers.(意识到你和别人比较是一回事。认识到社会比较通常在心理和情感上对你有多方面的腐蚀性是另一回事。阻止自己和别人比较完全是另一回事)”可知，上文提到了阻止自己和别人进行比较是另一回事，本句为本段最后一句，故说明阻止自己和别人比较所带来的影响，故B选项“但这是可能的，而且为了你的心理健康，这是值得的”符合语境，故选B。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共10小题；共 10 分）
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. The prblem was that I lacked cnfidence in myself. Mr. Jenkins made me feel that I had my wn ________. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】strengths
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：问题是我对自己缺乏信心。詹金斯先生让我觉得我有自己的长处。根据句意可知，此处为复数名词strengths“长处，优势”作宾语，满足句意要求。故填strengths。
41. The thing abut being a teacher is that yu have ________ t children’s minds when they are pen and eager t learn. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】access
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当一名老师关键在于，当孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习时，你就能接触到他们的思想。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语have access t“具有使用某物或接触某人的权利或机会”，满足句意要求。故填access。
42. On the surface, I have an active scial life. I attend parties and play sprts but I’m always ________. They say that phnes bring peple clser tgether but in reality, my mind is always a millin miles away. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】distracted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：表面上看，我的社交生活很活跃。我参加聚会和运动，但我总是分心。他们说电话拉近了人与人之间的距离，但实际上，我的思想总是在千里之外。根据“my mind is always a millin miles away”可知，此处指“但我总是分心”，使用形容词distracted“注意力分散的，思想不集中的”，作表语。故填distracted。
43. A few days ag, I went ut fr a dinner get-tgether with sme friends. Sme spent the dinner bent ver their phnes, texting friends nline but ________ the nes wh sat right in frnt f them. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】ignring
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几天前，我和一些朋友出去聚餐。一些人在晚餐时低头看手机，在网上给朋友发短信，却无视坐在他们面前的人。根据句意可知，此处为动词ignre“忽视”，满足句意要求，结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，ignre和逻辑主语Sme (指一些人)为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填ignring。
44. Fr a lt f peple, becming a millinaire is a ________ f success and they set this as their ultimate gal.（根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】symbl
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：对于很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，他们把这作为他们的最终目标。根据句意可知，此处为名词symbl“象征”作表语，满足句意要求。故填symbl。
45. I am living accrding t my values. Success is nt ________ by hw much mney yu have but by hw yu understand the true meaning f life. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】measured
【解析】
【详解】考查语态。句意：我按照我的价值观生活。成功不是用你有多少钱来衡量的，而是看你如何理解生活的真谛。根据句意和首字母可知，空格处应填measure的某种形式作谓语，主语Success和measure之间是动宾关系，空格处和isn’t构成一般现在时的被动语态，应填过去分词形式。故填measured。
46. Can this be verdne? Abslutely. But if yur dream is t be the best and reach the winner’s platfrm, yu had better be ttally ________ t yur sprt. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】cmmitted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这可能有些过头了吗？绝对的。但如果你的梦想是成为最好的，登上冠军的讲台，你最好全身心地投入到你的运动中去。be ttally cmmitted t，意为“完全致力于”，填入形容词作表语。故填cmmitted。
47. In fact, ver 90 percent f all species that ever lived are nw ________. In the last 500 millin years, there have been five times when life n Earth has almst ended. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】extinct
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：事实上，超过90%曾经存在过的物种现在都灭绝了。在过去的5亿年里，地球上有五次生命几乎灭绝。根据“In the last 500 millin years, there have been five times when life n Earth has almst ended.”可知，此处指“超过90%曾经存在过的物种现在都灭绝了”，使用形容词extinct“灭绝的”，作表语，故填extinct。
48. There is a lng list f reasns why s many species are dying ut: air and water pllutin, frests being ________, factry farming and verfishing. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】destryed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：许多物种灭绝的原因有很多：空气污染和水污染、森林被破坏、工厂化养殖和过度捕捞。根据句意和语法结构，空格处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，与前面的being构成被动语态，表示“森林被破坏”。结合上下文，为destryed。故填destryed。
49. We need t take steps t save ________ species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be prtected. （根据句意单词拼写）
【答案】endangered
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种，包括建立专门的动植物保护区。根据句意可知，此处为形容词endangered“濒临灭绝的”作定语修饰species，满足句意要求。故填endangered。
第二节 （共2小题；第50题3分，第51题5分，共8分）
阅读下面文段，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Smartphnes have becme a big part f peple’s lives. When we temprarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling f anxiety r panic. Sme psychlgists have called it “nmphbia”. Thankfully, I rde thrugh the withdrawal f my smartphne and it was shrt-lived.
When I gt my first smartphne ver a decade ag, I lved it. It gave me instant access t my music, a wrld f infrmatin and thusands f phts and vides. But ver time, I became increasingly ambivalent abut its rle in my life. I wuld repeatedly refresh my email, shp nline fr stuff I didn’t need and cnstantly scrll thrugh the latest news. I’d ften cmplain t my husband and t my seven-year-ld sn, Luis, that I felt trapped by it.
Then, ne day last summer, while I was playing with Luis, I was nce again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me f my cmplaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mmmy, just give it up already!”
I decided t try. Instead f ging cld turkey—n cellphne at all—I bught a flip phne. With n tuch screen, texting is time-cnsuming. Once, while trying t catch up n texts with a friend, I finally gt frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spken t her since her big mve. It made a difference t hear bth the excitement in her vice as she described seeing the nrthern lights and her sadness in being away frm a sick parent.
Nwadays, peple may prefer text-based cmmunicatin ver using the phne because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were frced t cnnect vice t vice, we wuld find urselves mre bnded t that persn.
Wuyu Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nmphbia as a reliance that’s been placed upn us. “Whenever smething is designed t make a chice easier, it’s called a behaviural nudge,” he explains, adding that the mre central t ur lives the smartphne’s functins are, the mre prisned we becme.
Ultimately, thugh, that sense f dependence is false. As I’ve fund, yu can d all the things yu need t d in ther ways. It’s nt always cnvenient, but I knw I’m much calmer n a regular basis withut my smartphne.
50. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶Accrding t the authr, we will find it awkward t talk with a friend n the phne.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
51. Apart frm the ways mentined in the passage, what can yu d t avid “nmphbia”? (In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】50. ▶Accrding t the authr, we will find it awkward t talk with a friend n the phne.
Accrding t the authr, we will find urselves mre bnded t the friend when talking with him/her n the phne.
51. T avid nmphbia, ne can cnsider taking regular breaks frm technlgy and engaging in ffline activities. Besides, yu can turn ff yur phne r leave it at hme when yu dn’t need it, and fcusing n the peple and things arund yu.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了过度使用智能手机会导致压力和焦虑。作者放弃了智能手机，选择了一款普通手机，并体验到了与人重新联系的好处。心理学家提出，这种对没有智能手机的恐惧是一种行为推动，导致我们变得更加依赖。最终，作者能够在没有智能手机的情况下生活，过上更平静、更可控的生活。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“Nwadays, peple may prefer text-based cmmunicatin ver using the phne because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were frced t cnnect vice t vice, we wuld find urselves mre bnded t that persn.( 如今，人们可能更喜欢用短信交流而不是用电话，因为他们担心打电话会很尴尬。但是，正如我所了解到的，当我们被迫将声音与声音连接起来时，我们会发现自己与那个人的联系更紧密。)”可知，根据作者的说法，当我们被迫将声音与声音连接起来时，我们会发现自己与那个人的联系更紧密。由此可知，下列这项陈述中“we will find it awkward（我们会发现很尴尬）”这个部分是错误的。因为根据作者的说法，当我们和朋友打电话时，我们会发现自己和他/她更亲近。故答案是：▶Accrding t the authr, we will find it awkward t talk with a friend n the phne. Accrding t the authr, we will find urselves mre bnded t the friend when talking with him/her n the phne.
【51题详解】
考查开放性试题。根据文章大意以及题干中的问题可知，除了文中提到的方法，避免“无手机恐惧症”我们还可以考虑定期远离科技产品，参加线下活动。此外，当你不需要手机的时候，你可以关掉手机或把它放在家里，把注意力集中在你周围的人和事上。故答案是：T avid nmphbia, ne can cnsider taking regular breaks frm technlgy and engaging in ffline activities. Besides, yu can turn ff yur phne r leave it at hme when yu dn’t need it, and fcusing n the peple and things arund yu.
第三节（14分）
52. 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你校将要举办主题“Beat Plastic Pllutin”的环境保护活动，请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 介绍活动的相关信息；
2. 邀请对方来参加。
注意： 1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am writing t yu n behalf f the student cuncil at ur schl, Red Star Middle Schl. As we are hsting a campaign called “Beat Plastic Pllutin”, we are delighted t invite yu t be part f this meaningful event.
The purpse f this campaign is t raise awareness f the negative impact f plastic pllutin and its cnsequences n ur planet. The activities planned fr this day include displays, speeches and wrkshps. We wuld be delighted if yu culd jin us in ur awareness-raising missin.
We believe that events such as these are critical t ensuring a better future fr ur planet. We hpe that yu will be able t jin us.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你校将要举办主题“Beat Plastic Pllutin”的环境保护活动这一情况，给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→ glad
目的：purpse→ aim
提高，增强：raise→ enhance
至关重要的：critical→ vital
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The activities planned fr this day include displays, speeches and wrkshps.
拓展句：The activities which is planned fr this day include displays, speeches and wrkshps.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we are hsting a campaign called “Beat Plastic Pllutin”, we are delighted t invite yu t be part f this meaningful event.（运用了As引导的原因状语从句。）
【高分句型2】We believe that events such as these are critical t ensuring a better future fr ur planet.（运用了从属连词that引导宾语从句。）