初中英语人教版(2024)九年级全册Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected综合与测试学案设计
展开过去完成时
知识点01 定义与结构
【语法详解】过去完成时的概念
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。
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那时以前 那时 现在
Mr Black tld me that he had seen the mvie three times. 布莱克先生告诉我这部电影他已经看过三遍了。
过去完成时的结构:主语+had+动词过去分词(dne)
(1)肯定句:主语+had+动词过去分词+其他。
He had already been t New Yrk earlier in the week.
本周早些时候他去过纽约。
(2)否定句:主语+had+nt+动词过去分词+其他。
At that time we hadn't met her.
那时我们还没有见到她。
(3)疑问句:Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.
否定回答:N,主语+hadn't.
—Had yu visited here befre?
——你以前参观过这里吗?
—Yes,I had./N, I hadn't.
——是,我去过。/没有,我以前没有去过。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他?
Where had yu been befre yu came here?
你来这里前还去过哪儿?
(5)被动语态:主语+had (nt)+been+动词过去分词+其他。
By the end f last year all the preparatry wrk had been dne.
到去年底为止,所有的准备工作都完成了。
知识点02 过去完成时的主要用法
【语法详解】过去完成时的主要用法
过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。多与 already, yet, still , just, befre, never 等时间副词及 by , befre , until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如:
He tld me that he had written a new bk. (had written 发生在 tld 之前 )
When I wke up, it had stpped raining.
Befre she came t China, Grace had taught English in a middle schl fr abut five years.
Peter had cllected mre than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
知识点03 过去完成时的判断依据
【语法详解】过去完成时的判断依据
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
( 1 ) by, by the end f, befre + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the nvel by nine 'clck last night.
We had learned ver tw thusand English wrds by the end f last term.
They had planted six hundred trees befre last Wednesday.
( 2 ) By the time,When ,Befre+ 一过从句。如:
Befre she came t China, Grace had taught English in a middle schl fr abut five years.
Peter had cllected mre than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
When I wke up, it had stpped raining.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在tld, said, knew, heard, thught等动词后的宾语从句。如:
She said that she had seen the film befre.
( 2 )状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
When I gt t the statin, the train had already left.
After he had finished his hmewrk, he went t bed.
注意: befre, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 befre 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:
Where did yu study befre yu came here?
After he clsed the dr, he left the classrm.
(3)表示意向的动词,如hpe, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppse等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,但后来未能…"
We had hped that yu wuld cme, but yu didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each ther since he went t Lndn.
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较:
I have learned 1000 English wrds s far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English wrds till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
— I'm srry t keep yu waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
— Oh, nt at all. I have been here nly a few minutes.
没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
— Jhn returned hme yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
— Where had he been?
他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned hme 之前去了哪些地方,即“过去的过去”)
【经典练】
1.By the end f last year, the gvernment ________all the ld huses in that area.
A.wuld rebuildB.have rebuiltC.had rebuiltD.rebuilt
2.My father ________ when I hurried t the airprt t see him ff yesterday.
A.is leavingB.had leftC.leftD.will leave
3.By the time my sisters hme yesterday, I the dinner already.
A.reached; have ckedB.have reached; had ckedC.reached; had cked
4.—Lily was late again this mrning. Mr. Wang was very angry at her.
—Yes, By the time she hurried int the classrm, the bell _______.
A.have rungB.had rungC.rungD.rang
5.I _________they were planning t mve t Bstn befre they tld me abut it.
A.wuld hearB.has heardC.heardD.had heard
6.—Why were yu late this mrning?
—I’m srry, Ms. Green. When I went ut, I realized that I ______my hmewrk at hme. S I had t run back t get it.
A.leftB.has leftC.had left
7.We were late fr the film last night. It ________ fr 15 minutes when we arrived at the cinema.
A.has begunB.has been nC.had been n
8.By the time schl ________ ver,the rain ________.
S I didn't use my raincat.
A.had been; stppedB.was; has stpped
C.had been; had stppedD.was; had stpped
9.By the time I wke up,my father ________ in the bathrm fr several minutes.
A.has gneB.has beenC.had beenD.had gne
10.By the end f last term, they ________ ver 2,000 English wrds.
A.learnedB.has learnedC.had learnedD.learn
1.By the end f last year, the gvernment ________all the ld huses in that area.
A.wuld rebuildB.have rebuiltC.had rebuiltD.rebuilt
【答案】C
【详解】句意:到去年年底,政府已经重建了那个区域所有的旧的房子。
本题考查时态。A. wuld rebuild过去将来时;B. have rebuilt现在完成时;C. had built过去完成时;D.rebuilt一般过去时。根据By the end f last year可知,“by the end f+过去的时间”用过去完成时,故选C。
2.My father ________ when I hurried t the airprt t see him ff yesterday.
A.is leavingB.had leftC.leftD.will leave
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨天我匆忙去机场送父亲时,他已经离开了。
考查动词时态辨析。leave离开,is leaving是现在进行时结构,had left是过去完成时结构,left是过去式,will leave是一般将来时结构。本句是when引导的时间状语从句;从句是一般过去时,根据句意语境,可知leave是在过去去机场送父亲之前已经完成的动作,需用过去完成时“had dne”结构,故选B。
3.By the time my sisters hme yesterday, I the dinner already.
A.reached; have ckedB.have reached; had ckedC.reached; had cked
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天等我的姐妹们到家的时候,我已经做好晚饭了。
考查动词时态。reached到达,过去式;have reached现在完成时;have cked做饭,现在完成时;had cked过去完成时。by the time…“到……时候”,引导时间状语从句,从句中有yesterday,应用一般过去时态;主句的动作在从句动作之前发生,应用过去完成时态。故选C。
4.—Lily was late again this mrning. Mr. Wang was very angry at her.
—Yes, By the time she hurried int the classrm, the bell _______.
A.have rungB.had rungC.rungD.rang
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——莉莉今天早上又迟到了。王老师对她生气。——是的,当她匆匆走进教室时,门铃响了。
考查时态。have rung现在完成时;had rung过完成时;rung过去分词;rang一般过去式;从文字的表层意思推断空格指当她匆匆走进教室时,by the time到……时候(为止)",介词短语,起连词作用,引导时间状语从句,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;故选B。
5.I _________they were planning t mve t Bstn befre they tld me abut it.
A.wuld hearB.has heardC.heardD.had heard
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在他们告诉我之前我就已经听说了他们计划搬到波士顿。
考查动词时态。wuld hear过去将来时;has heard现在完成时;heard一般过去时;had heard过去完成时。根据句中的“befre they tld me abut it”可知,空格处的动作发生在另一个过去动作之前,应用过去完成时态。故选D。
6.—Why were yu late this mrning?
—I’m srry, Ms. Green. When I went ut, I realized that I ________my hmewrk at hme. S I had t run back t get it.
A.leftB.has leftC.had left
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你今天早上为什么迟到?——抱歉,格林女士。当我出门的时候,我意识到我把作业落在家里了。所以我不得不跑回去拿作业。
考查时态。left留下,一般过去时;has left现在完成时;had left过去完成时。leave这一动作发生在realized之前,realized为一般过去时,过去的过去用过去完成时,故选C。
【点睛】本题主要考查过去完成时,基本结构为had dne,表示发生在过去的动作或过去的时间之前。学生们可以先确定时间,如果没有确定的时间,则可以从动作的先后顺序上进行判断。
7.We were late fr the film last night. It ________ fr 15 minutes when we arrived at the cinema.
A.has begunB.has been nC.had been n
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨晚我们看电影迟到了。我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始15分钟了。
考查过去完成时。has begun已经开始,现在完成时;has been n已经开始,现在完成时,延续性动词;had been n已经开始,过去完成时;根据句意理解及句中的fr 15 minutes可知,这里的动词应该用延续性动词,begin的延续性动词是be n,而“开始”这个动作是发生在“到达”之前,而句中arrived用的是过去时,所以主句的“开始”应该用过去完成时,故选C。
【点睛】英语中过去完成时的用法要注意。如果表示一个动作发生在另外一个动作之前,且已给出的动作用的是过去时的话,那么在这个动作之前就已经发生的动作就要用过去完成时,表达“过去的过去”,比如本题中“开始”的动作发生在”到达”之前,且“到达”用的是过去时,所以“开始”应该用过去完成时”,表示在“到达之前就已经开始了”,做题要注意区分动作发生的先后顺序。
8.By the time schl ________ ver,the rain ________.
S I didn't use my raincat.
A.had been; stppedB.was; has stpped
C.had been; had stppedD.was; had stpped
【答案】D
【详解】句意:学校放学时,雨已经停了。所以我没用雨衣。
考查过去完成时。根据句意理解可知,这里表达的是“到放学的时候,雨已经停了”,“雨停了”这个动作是发生在“放学时”之前,所以这里“放学”应该用过去时,而“雨停了”应该用过去完成时,故选D。
9.By the time I wke up,my father ________ in the bathrm fr several minutes.
A.has gneB.has beenC.had beenD.had gne
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当我醒来时,我父亲已经在浴室里呆了几分钟了。
考查过去完成时。has gne去了,现在完成时;has been去过,现在完成时;had been去过,过去完成时;had gne去了,过去完成时;根据句意理解及By the time引导的从句可知,从句动作发生在过去,而主句动作发生在从句动作之前,所以这里应该用过去完成时,而这里表达的是“去某地呆了多久”,所以应该用have been in的形式,故选C。
【点睛】英语中表示一个动作在另一个动作之前就已经发生或者完成时,句子要用过去完成时的结构,而在完成时态中,表达“去过某地”用have been t,表达“去了某地”用have gne t,表达“去了某地呆了多久”用have been in/ at,做题要注意理解句意来区别。
10.By the end f last term, they ________ ver 2,000 English wrds.
A.learnedB.has learnedC.had learnedD.learn
【答案】C
【详解】句意:到上学期为止,他们已经学了2000多个英语单词。
考查时态。learned一般过去时;has learned现在完成时;had learned过去完成时;learn一般现在时;根据时间状语by the end f last term,表示动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时,故选C。
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