英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 A glimpse of the future一课一练

这是一份英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 A glimpse of the future一课一练，共12页。
【教材原句】
It used t feel like 50 per cent f my time was spent researching new restaurants. (教材P38)
【辨析】
三个词都有“花钱”之意，但用法上有一定的区别。
spend 主语一般是人， 常用在以下结构中：
sb. spend sme time / mney n sth. 某人在某事上花费时间或金钱
sb. spend sme time/mney (in) ding sth. 某人花费时间或金钱做某事
sb. spend mney fr sth. 花钱买某物
cst 主语是某物或某事，常用在以下机构中：
sth. cst(sb.) sme time 某物花了（某人）多少钱
(ding) sth. cst (sb.) sme time/effrt （做）某事花费（耗费）（某人）多少时间或努力；cst 也可以作名词，表示“费用，成本”。
pay 主语一般是人，表示“付款，赔偿”, 常用在以下结构中：
sb. pay sme mney fr sth. 某人为某物付钱
sb. pay sb. sme mney fr sth. 某人付给某人买….的钱
sb. pack sme mney back 某人还钱
sb. pay ff mney/debt 某人还清钱或债
【例句呈现】
She spent £100 n a new dress.
她花100英镑买了一条新连衣裙。
Hw lng did yu spend n yur hmewrk?
你做家庭作业用了多长时间？
She wuld pinch n fd in rder t spend n clthing.
她过去常把伙食费省下来买衣服.
I spend mst f my wrking day sitting at a desk.
我一天之中大部分工作时间都坐在办公桌旁。
We calculated the cst f building a new huse.
我们计算了造一座新房子的费用。
That car must have cst a bundle.
这辆汽车一定值很多钱。
Hw much d the vegetables cst?
这些蔬菜值多少钱？
The wrk was cst by the engineer at $50,000.
这项工程据工程师估价为50 000美元。
Let me pay fr dinner.
晚饭让我来付。
He'll have t pay ff all his debts.
他必须偿清他的一切债务。
【考点过关】
根据spend, cst和pay的用法填空
1. She spends t much effrt _______ things that dn't matter.
2. Businessmen spend enrmus amunts _______ (advertise) their prducts.
3. Yu shuld spend time n basic training, nt ______ thse flurishes.
4. The cmpany has spent thusands f punds _______ (update) their cmputer systems.
5. This energy culd be much better spent _______ (take) sme psitive actin.
6. The new car will _______ (cst/pay) 5000 at the lwest cmputatin.
7. Finishing the prject ________ (cst/pay) them tw years.
8. They paid 3,000 yuan ________ these desks.
9. After ten years f hard wrk, she paid ________ all her debts at last.
10. The ld wman ________ (cst/paid) 20 dllars fr the three bks in English.
【参考答案】
1. n; 2. advertising; 3. n; 4. updating; 5. taking; 6. cst; 7. cst; 8. fr; 9. ff/back; 10. paid
●if nt; if anything；if s; if any; if ever; if ever
【教材原句】
If we’re lucky, AI might think we’re valuable enugh t keep arund. If nt, it might wipe us all ut! (教材P39)
【辨析】
四者都是表示假设的省略句式，是英语中常见的一种句型
if nt 表示“如果不那样的话”，是对前面所述内容的一种否定假设。if anything表示“如果有什么的话”，作补充说明，类似于if any.
if s 表示“如果那样的话”，是对前面所述内容进行的肯定假设。
if ever 表示“如果曾经做过….即使曾经做过….”，是对做过事情的省略叙述。一般是现在完成时的省略。
if any 表示“如果有的话或即使有的话”，用来加强语气。
【例句呈现】
Living tgether didn't harm ur friendship. If anything it strengthened it
在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。
I didn't d it very well, but, if anything, he did it wrse than I did.
我干得不太好，但其实他干得比我还糟。
If anything, Slan's uneasiness deepened
如果说有什么不一样的话，那就是斯隆变得越来越不安了。
If anything, the infrmatin is verwhelming.
如果与之前有区别的话，我们能掌握的信息是巨大的。
There wn't be much difficulty, if any.
就算有困难，也不会太大。
The bject f these experiments was t find the cnnectin, if any, between the tw phenmena.
这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
It is t early t say what effect, if any, there will be n the wrkfrce.
如果会对劳动力产生一些影响，现在就说是什么影响还言之过早。
Please let me knw hw many are cming, if any.
请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少？
If s, yu're nt alne-I'm the same way.
如果这样，你也不是一个人在这么做，我也是这样的。
If s, he may nt be the ideal match fr yu.
如果他是这样的人，那么他可能不是你的真命天子。
But if s, where did the river get reruted?
但是，如果真是这样，那河流被改道到哪里去了呢？
D yu have a knack fr cming up with ideas? If s, we wuld lve t hear frm yu.
你有什么能想出好点子的诀窍吗？如果有，我们很愿意收到你的来信。
Rarely, if ever, des he sidestep a questin
他极少逃避问题。
She seldm, if ever, ges t the pera.
她很少去看歌剧。
And that rarely, if ever, caused anything like the Scientific Revlutin.
而这些事件的结果却很难，或根本不能，与科学革命同日而语
But I say the threat is nw, and there are rarely, if ever, perfect circumstances in which t deply military frces.
但是我想说，威胁就在眼前，但出动军事力量这种事几乎不存在什么完美的前提。
Many, if nt mst, scientific papers are presented rally at scientific meetings
许多科学论文，即便不是大多数，都是以口头形式在科学会议上发表的。
Are yu pressed fr time, Mr. Bayliss? If nt, I suggest we have lunch.
你时间紧吗，贝利斯先生？如果不紧，不如我们一起吃午饭吧。
【考点过关】
用if anything, if s, if any, if ever和if nt填空
1. Mary is t nly ready t help thers, seldm, ______, refusing them when they turn t her.
2. What kind f advertisements d yu read r watch in this kind f magazines, _______？
3. I might be away next week. _______, I wn’t be able t see yu.
4. Have yu ever read this chapter? ______, we encurage yu t read this chapter carefully.
5. Are there any mistake in my article? ______, Crrect mistakes, please．
6. -- Have yu ever been t the Great Wall?
-- Perhaps nt in my memry. ______, it might have been during my early childhd.
7. The weather frecast says there will be heavy rain tmrrw. ______, we’ll stay at hme.
8. There are few, ______, mistakes in the bk.
9. His children rarely, ______, see him at his place f wrk.
10. If it clears up this afternn, we’ll g camping; ______ , we will have classes.
11. She seldm, ______ , ges t the cinema.
12. If the fd tastes gd, we’ll buy sme; ______, nt.
13. The island is seldm, ______, visited by ships.
14. ______, nw wuld be a gd time t expand its balance sheet.
15. _______, gender(性别) plays a very imprtant rle in the brain even thugh we are nt clear exactly hw.
16. _______, we want t shw the cde,
17. _______, swimming will appeal t her mst strngly
【参考答案】
1. if ever; 2. if any; 3. If s; 4. If nt; 5. if any; 6. If ever; 7. If s; 8. if any; 9. if ever; 10. if nt; 11. if ever; 12. if nt; 13. if ever; 14. If anything; 15. If anything; 16. If anything; 17. If anything
●agree n; agree with; agree t
【教材原句】
One thing I think we all agree n, thugh, is that saying “My AI did it!” wn’t be any excuse fr illegal r immral behavir! (教材P39)
【辨析】
agree n/upn 意思是“(双方) 就……达成一致意见/达成协议”，后接名词、代词或动名词，句子主语往往是复数。
agree with = 1 \* GB3 ①“同意…..的话/观点/看法/意见” = 2 \* GB3 ②与…..相符/一致 = 3 \* GB3 ③（气候，食物等）适合…..。
agree t 意思是“同意计划/建议/安排等”，这时，t为介词.
温馨提示：agree t d sth. 意思是“答应/同意做某事”
【例句呈现】
The great majrity f peple seem t agree with this view.
大多数人似乎都同意这种观点。
Yur accunt f the accident des nt agree with hers.
你对事故的叙述与她的叙述不一致。
As the authr f the prpsal I cannt agree with yu.
我作为提案的发起人不能同意你的意见。
I agree with what he says, but I'd have phrased it differently.
我赞同他说的，但我会以不同的方式表述。
First, they had t agree n which cnflict was their mst recent.
首先，他们必须就哪次冲突是最近的一次达成一致。
And we dn't want businesses t agree n prices in the back ffice.
我们不希望企业背地里制定统一价格。
I can't agree t anything withut my partner's apprval.
没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。
Yu and I are ging t have t agree t disagree then.
那你我只能各自保留不同意见
I cannt but agree t yur decisin.
我不得不同意你的决定。
I fully agree t the arrangement and take delight in it.
我完全赞成并乐于接受这一安排。
【考点过关】
根据agree with, agree n/upn, agree t的用法填空
1. This kind f fd here desn’t agree _______ the ld and s des the climate.
2. I strngly suspect that mst rdinary peple wuld agree ______ me
3. The authr can reprt ther peple's results which mre r less agree ______ hers.
4. If we cannt agree n a simple matter f that kind, we can never agree _______ anything f imprtance.
5. If yu bth agree _________ grund rules right frm day ne, it can last.
6. They agree _______ Russian entry int the Wrld Trade Organizatin.
7. D yu think he'll agree ________ their prpsal?
8. The management is understd t be very unwilling t agree ______ this request
9. An bjective set f rules which we all agree _______ (accept) is necessary fr any rdered sciety.
10. What n earth had pssessed her t agree _______ (marry) him?
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. with; 3. with; 4. n/upn; 5. n/upn; 6. n/upn; 7. t; 8. t; 9. t accept; 10. t marry
●a number f…. ; the number f…
【教材原句】
A large number f clients have been attracted t it. (教材P41)
【辨析】
两者组成结构很相似，但意思和用法有区别。
a number f…. 表示“许多”，相当于 many, a lt f, lts f修饰复数可数名词。a number f + 可数名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。number前常用gd, great, large, small等修饰，以表示数量程度。
the number f….. 表示“……的数量/数目”， 后接复数可数名词。the number f + 可数名词复数做主语时，谓语用单数形式。
【例句呈现】
A great number f them dn't knw what happened in this cuntry in histry.
他们中很多人不知道这个国家历史上曾发生过什么。
A gd number f Egyptians are prficient in freign languages.
很多埃及人都精通外语。
A great number f families lived in this village.
这个屯落里有许多人家。
He has a gd number f English idims at cmmand.
他掌握了大量的英语成语。
There have been a large number f accidents lately.
最近事故极多。
The number f new students decreased frm 210 t 160 this year.
今年新生人数从210减少到160。
The number f emplyees was reduced frm 40 t 25.
雇员人数从40人减少到了25人。
There has been a sharp rise in the number f peple ut f wrk.
失业人数急剧增长。
The number f hmeless peple has increased dramatically.
无家可归者的人数急剧增加了。
The number f hmeless peple is a telling cmment n the state f sciety.
无家可归者的数量是社会状况的生动写照。
【考点过关】
根据the number f….和a number f….用法填空
1. A large number f students ________ (be) attending the lecture in classrm.
2. The number f peple wh fail each year _______ (be) nw in single figures.
3. A gd number f measures _______ (take) t slve the prblem last year.
4. The number f reprted crimes _______ (increase) at an alarming rate nwadays.
5. I think a great number f factrs ________ (decide) whether a mvie will be successful r nt.
6. The number f peple emplyed in agriculture ________ (fall) in the last decade.
7. A large number f parents _______ (vice) cncern abut their children's safety.
8. The number f peple in the hall nw _______ (be) 625．
9. The number f places available _______ (be) necessarily limited last mnth.
10. There _________ a number f different pints f view n this issue.
【参考答案】
1. are; 2. is; 3. were taken; 4. is increasing; 5. decide; 6. has fallen; 7. have viced; 8. is; 9. was; 10. are/were
●human being; mankind; man; human; human race
【教材原句】
He lked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit n, but he culd handle the lunar gravity as n Earth-brn human being culd. (教材P44)
【辨析】
五个词或短语都表示“人，人类”，但用法有细微区别。
human being; human, human race 意思是““人，人类”, 是可数名词，可以构成以下表达：a human; three humans; a human being; tw human beings; a human race; three human races；human 除了作名词，也可作形容词，表示“人的，人类的”。这三个词或词组作名词时完全可以换用。
mankind, man作“人类”讲时，都是不可数名词，前面不可加任何冠词（包括定冠词和不定冠词）。它们对应的代词为it或its, 而不是they, them和their
温馨提示：man 做人类讲作主语时，谓语用单数，而human作主语时，谓语既可用单数也可用复数。
【例句呈现】
Mankind's/man’s knwledge f the universe has increased beynd measure
人类对于宇宙的了解已经大为增加。
His research is fr the betterment f mankind/man.
他的研究是为全人类造福。
It exerts a civilizing influence n mankind/man.
这产生了教化人类的影响。
The civilizatin f mankind/man has taken thusands f years t develp.
人类经数千年才文明开化。
Mankind must put an end t war, r war will put an end t mankind/man.
人类必须结束战争，否则战争就会毁灭人类。
In the wrld tday, mankind/man is prgressing at a tremendus pace.
在当今世界，人类进步一日千里。
That is n way t treat anther human being/human race/human.
那绝不是对待他人的方式。
Physical perfectin in a human being/human race/human is exceedingly rare.
体貌完美的人极为罕见。
N human being/human race/human n the face f the earth culd d anything wrse than what he did.
世界上再没有人能做出比他更坏的事情来。
N human being/human race/human can be free frm mistakes.
是人总要犯错误。
she's the best human being/human race/human in the wrld.
她是世界上最好的人
Challenges are necessary fr every human being/human race/human wh is seeking quality life.
挑战对于每一个寻找有质量生活的人来说都是十分必要的。
【考点过关】
根据mankind, man, human being, human race和 human的用法填空
1. Althugh the Negres were _______ just like the whites, they were nt treated as human beings.
2. The need t cmmunicate is a key characteristic f ______ sciety.
3. Mankind _______ (use) the hrse since ancient times.
4. Scientists cntinue t push back the bundaries f _______ knwledge.
5. Mankind _______ (try) every means t maintain the balance f nature.
6. Cntact with ther peple is a basic ______ need.
7. All prgressive mankind _______ (lve) peace.
8. She is best knwn fr her wrk n the ______ brain.
9. The Chinese peple shuld make a greater cntributin t ______.
10. Each ______ has t die, but mankind ges n wrld withut end.
11. The cuntry has a pr recrd n ______ rights.
12. Each human being has t die, but _______ ges n wrld withut end.
13. Hw lng can a _______ g withut sleep?
14. In every ______ there is a wish t amelirate his wn cnditin.
15. Asia is ne f the places where _______ riginated.
16. Be a respnsible _______ and d nt d evil things t thers.
17. One f writer's favrite themes is the fraternity f _______.
【参考答案】
1. human beings/humans/human races; 2. human; 3. have/has used; 4. human; 5. have/has been trying; 6. human; 7. lve/lves; 8. human; 9. mankind/man; 10. human being/human race/human; 11. human; 12. mankind/man; 13. human being/human race/human; 14. human being/human race/human; 15. mankind/man; 16. human being/human race/human; 17. mankind/man
●seem; appear
【教材原句】
He seemed t be waiting fr Jimmy t say smething, then he said, “Yu knw what a dg is, Jimmy. (教材P45)
Jimmy lked at Rbutt, wh was squeaking again, a very lw, slw squeak that seemed frightened. (教材P45)
【辨析】
两者都有“看起来（好像、似乎…）”的意思，一般可以换用，但在个别殊结构用上的用法上有一定的区别。
seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实，常用于以下机构中：
= 1 \* GB3 ① seem + n/adj. 似乎/好像….
= 2 \* GB3 ② seem t be/t d sth. 好像是/做某事
= 3 \* GB3 ③ it seems that从句 好像….
= 4 \* GB3 ④ seem like…..看起来像….
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ it seems as if/thugh…..看起来好像…….
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ there seem t be….好像有…..
appear强调自身表现出, 流露出；appear 指外表给人的印象,可能是真象也可能是假象，不确定性更大一些，常用于以下结构或词组中：
= 1 \* GB3 ① appear + n/adj. 似乎/好像…..
= 2 \* GB3 ② appear t be/t d sth. 好像是/做某事
= 3 \* GB3 ③ it appears that从句 好像….
= 4 \* GB3 ④ what appears t be…看起来像….的东西
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ there appears t be…. 似乎/好像有……
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ appear ut f nwhere 突然冒出来
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦ appear vernight 一夜之间出现（反义：disappear vernight）
温馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①在seem like…. 和 it seems as if/thugh…..结构中，一般不能换成appear
= 2 \* GB3 ②appear 表示“出现”时，不可与seem 换用
【例句呈现】
One day a stranger appeared n my drstep.
一天，一个陌生人出现在我家门前。
She tried hard t appear/seem (t be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静。
There’s evidence that peple wh have a purpse in life appear/seem t d better.
有证据显示有生活目标的人似乎表现得更加出色。
It seemed like a gd idea.
这主意好像不错。
The thery withut practice seems/appears t be the cars withut mtrs.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车。
It seems as if they didn’t care abut Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。
It seemed/appeared that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎。
Everyne in the picture seems/appears t have put n sme weight, dn’t they?
照片中每个人好像胖了，是不是？
He desn’t seem/appear t be happy.
他看起来不高兴。
She seemed/appeared t have caught a cld.
她好像感冒了。
【考点过关】
用appear, seem的适当形式填空
He _______ t have traveled a lt.
He ________ t be very tired nw.
He ________ t be a gentleman – he was wearing a suit, nt like a thief at all.
It _______ as if he didn’t lve her at all at that time.
It _________ t me that wrking experience is mre imprtant than a degree.
It ________ that he had a taste fr music.
There ________ t be sme disagreement between his wrds and actins at present.
It _______ like rain nw.
【参考答案】
1. seems/appears; 2. seems/appears; 3. appeared/seemed; 4. seemed; 5. seems/
appears; 6. appeared/seemed; 7. seems/appears; 8. seems