备战2025年高考英语精品教案 第二部分 学透语法 基础词法篇 专题二 名词、形容词和副词、数词（Word版附解析）

这是一份备战2025年高考英语精品教案 第二部分 学透语法 基础词法篇 专题二 名词、形容词和副词、数词（Word版附解析），共21页。
考向1 名词的数和格 [全国卷5年8考]
1.[2023新高考Ⅱ，61]They als need t be ready t give interviews （interview） in English with internatinal jurnalists.
2.[2022新高考Ⅱ，64]"He saved my sn’s （sn） life，" said Mrs. Brwn.
1.考查名词的数时，通常根据名词是否可数以及空前的修饰词判断；
2.高考对名词所有格的考查相对较少，需判断空处与空后名词是否为所属关系。
1.[2023 全国乙，64]But fr all its ancient buildings， Beijing is als a place that/which welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life， with 21st-century architectural wnders （wnder） standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
2.[2023 浙江1月，64]Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry as the capital f China， almst every hutng has its stries， and sme are even assciated with histric events （event） .
3.[2021新高考Ⅰ，57]The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we humans （human） are.
4.[2021全国甲，69]Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs， but we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers （watchtwer） t take pictures...
5.[2021全国乙，69] Activities （activity） there range frm whale watching t hiking （远足） and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
6.[2021北京，11]Why d we dream？ Scientists aren’t cmpletely sure， and they have diverse ideas （idea）.
7.[2020浙江，62]Later， they learned t wrk with the seasns （seasn）， planting at the right time and， in dry areas， making use f annual flds t irrigate（灌溉） their fields.
8.[2020北京，7]Nw， lts f cuntries （cuntry） and regins are taking actin t ban the sale f such bags t stp peple using them.
考向2 词形转换[全国卷5年41考]
3.[2023新高考Ⅱ，56]Since June 2017， right befre the arrival （arrive） f the tw new pandas， Meng Meng and Jia Qing， I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident speaking English.
4.[2023浙江1月，57]The term "hutng"， riginally （riginal） meaning "water well" in Mnglian， appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
5.[2023浙江1月，61]The hutngs they frmed were rderly， lined by spacius （space） hmes and walled gardens.
高考以词形转换的形式来考查名词、形容词和副词最为常见，做题时要注意分析空处在句中所作成分。常考形式有"a/an＋adj.＋n.""the ＋n.＋ f"等；空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子时，用副词。
一、其他→名词
（一）动词→名词
1.[2022浙江，58]Jhn Olsn， a frmer phtgrapher （phtgraph）， and his team turn paintings int fully textured 3D mdels.
2.[2022浙江1月，64]When the answer was n， she declined the invitatin （invite）.
3.[2021新高考Ⅱ，64]A cmpany representative （represent） wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1，200 daily flights.
4.[2020全国Ⅱ，61]Chinese New Year is a celebratin （celebrate） marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
5.[全国Ⅰ，66]In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements， leading t a belief （believe） that ppulatins are increasing.
6.[全国Ⅲ，66]When they were free frm wrk， they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting cmpetitin （cmpete） t watch， tgether with the stry behind it.
7.[浙江高考，64]Other American studies shwed n cnnectin（s） （cnnect） between unifrms and schl perfrmance.
8.[浙江高考，64]Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in weight （weigh） prblems.
（二）形容词→名词
9.[2022浙江，64]"I can actually feel what yu see when yu lk at it，" he said. Fr Luc， this means independence （independent）.
10.[2020新高考Ⅰ，64]At the Jrvik Centre in Yrk，the city’s Viking settlement is recreated，and peple experience the sights，sunds and smells f the ld twn. Histrical accuracy （accurate） is imprtant but s is entertainment.
11.[2020全国Ⅲ，64]Filled with curisity （curius）， the artist packed his bags and left.
（三）名词→名词
12.[全国Ⅲ，66]My name is Mireya Mayr. I’m a scientist （science）wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
二、其他→形容词/副词
（一）名词/动词→形容词
13.[2023新高考Ⅱ，57]Since June have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident （cnfidence） speaking English.
14.[2023 全国乙，69]The remarkable （remark） develpment f this city， which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld， means there is always smething new t discver here， and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
15.[2023全国甲，67] Different （difference） frm traditinal fables， Carsn’s stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral.
16.[2022全国甲，66]Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre meaningful （meaning）.
17.[2022浙江，60 & 61]Blind peple recgnize shapes with their existing （exist） senses， in a way similar t that f sighted （sight） peple， says Ella Striem-Amit， a Harvard scientist.
18.[2021全国乙，61]Ecturism is cmmnly regarded as lw impact（影响） travel t undisturbed places. It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated （educate） abut the areas — bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics...
19.[2021全国乙，68]Prvide financial （finance） aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
20.[2021新高考Ⅰ，60]Strange， isn’t it？ But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us astnished （astnish）.
21.[2021新高考Ⅱ，61]I tld him hw harmful （harm） plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins.
22.[2021新高考Ⅱ，62]I was s excited （excite） when he wrte back t me.
23.[2020新高考Ⅰ，56]In the 18th and 19th centuries， wealthy （wealth） peple travelled and cllected plants，histrical bjects and wrks f art.
24.[2020新高考Ⅱ，57]At the same time， cmputer games are becming increasingly ppular as majr publishing huses cntinue t develp educatinal （educatin） cmputer prgrams fr children in preschl.
25.[2020全国Ⅱ，69]The beautiful （beauty） lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds（蓓蕾） make fantastic decratins.
26.[全国Ⅱ，70]We are s prud f her. It’s wnderful （wnder）.
27.[浙江高考，65]Schl unifrms are traditinal （traditin） in Britain， but sme schls are starting t get rid f them.
28.[全国Ⅰ，69]Running is cheap， easy and it’s always energetic （energy）.
29.[全国Ⅱ，67]Accrding t the Wrld Bank， China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal glbal （glbe） fertilizer cnsumptin.
（二）形容词→副词
30.[2023新高考Ⅰ，64]N matter where I buy them， thugh， ne steamer basket is rarely （rare） enugh， yet tw seems greedy， and s I am always left wanting mre next time.
31.[2023新高考Ⅱ，63]S， what are they learning？ Basically （basic）， hw t describe a panda’s life.
32.[2023北京，12]I’m British. Sn after mving t Switzerland， I threw a huse-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up exactly （exact） n time.
33.[2021新高考Ⅰ，58]The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will undubtedly （undubted） help yu get refreshed！
34.[2021北京，16]Sam walked her t a nearby cnvenience stre s that she culd safely （safe） wait fr the plice t take her hme.
35.[2020全国Ⅱ，66]Chinese lve their "Lucky Bamb" plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices. Certainly （certain） during the hliday perid， this plant is a must.
36.[2020全国Ⅲ，68]As the small bat mved gently （gentle） alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.
37.[全国Ⅰ，62]It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been prly （pr） studied； hwever， bilgists calculate that there are abut 20，000-25，000 plar bears wrldwide.
38.[全国Ⅱ，63]Her years f hard wrk have finally （final） been acknwledged after a custmer nminated（提名） her t be Cheshire’s Wman Of The Year.
39.[浙江高考，60]When the children are walking r cycling t schl n dark mrnings， car drivers can easily （easy） see them.
考向3 形容词和副词的比较等级[全国卷5年6考]
6.[2022全国乙，64]As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day， the birthplace f tea and the largest （large） tea-prducing cuntry， China has a respnsibility t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
7.[2021新高考Ⅰ，59]The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets， the htter （ht） the spring！
高考考查形容词和副词的比较等级时，通常需要借助标志词（than，f all等）、空前修饰词或一些固定句式来判定设空处用比较级还是最高级。有时则需要通过推测语境中暗含的比较含义来进行判定。
1.[2022全国甲，68]In the last five years， Ca has walked thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents， and in 2016， he reached the tp f Kilimanjar， Africa’s highest （high） muntain.
2.[2022北京，19]That’s a big prblem and it is getting even wrse （bad）.
3.[2021全国甲，65]After spending sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall， we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better （gd） than t ride n a piece f histry！
4.[2020北京，10]They were much strnger than mdern humans， but it’s lng been assumed that human ancestrs were smarter （smart） than the Neanderthals.
5.[全国Ⅰ，68]Scientists have respnded by nting that hungry bears may be cngregating（聚集） arund human settlements， leading t the illusin（错觉） that ppulatins are higher （high） than they actually are.
6.[全国Ⅲ，63]He screams the ludest （lud） f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me.
考向4 数词[全国卷5年2考]
8.[2023全国甲，62]Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures， and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the sixth （six） century B.C.
高考考查数词很少。使用序数词时，空前一般有定冠词the；还要注意固定用法中的数词，如in his thirties，thusands f等。
特别提醒
高考中出现过一次不给提示词考查副词的情况[2019全国Ⅲ，61考查s（）]。
一、可数名词
1.可数名词变复数的规则变化
2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化
[2023北京，15]Mangrves can help sften waves and prtect cities （city） frm castal winds.
[2022新高考Ⅰ，62]The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins （ppulatin） and hmes f giant pandas， and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
Wlves （wlf） are very adaptable： they can live in frests， n pen plains， r in the snws f the Arctic.
Lking thrugh the newspaper， I’m shcked by phts （pht） shwing the destructin caused by the hurricane.
One study shwed that wmen （wman） wh drank a lt f cffee， like eight r mre cups per day， while they were pregnant were mre likely t have children with birth defects.
二、不可数名词
1.物质名词、抽象名词大多为不可数名词，一般没有复数形式。常见的不可数名词有：
furniture 家具equipment 设备news 新闻
infrmatin 信息advice 建议prgress进步
baggage 行李luck运气water 水
wrd消息wealth财富knwledge知识
2.一些名词通常表示抽象概念，是不可数名词，但被赋予了具体含义之后，可作可数名词，即抽象名词具体化。
3.有些名词作可数名词和不可数名词时含义有所不同。
三、名词所有格
所有格作定语，修饰另一名词，表示所有关系。
1.-’s所有格
主要用于表示有生命的事物或人及人类活动的名词，也可用于表示时间、距离、数量、城市、国家等无生命事物的名词后。构成规则如下：
[2021浙江1月，58]It is calculated by dividing a persn’s （persn） weight in kg by their height in meters squared， and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.
Prper arrangements shuld be made s that students can have a gd rest after a whle mrning’s （mrning） hard wrk.
The bys’ （by） shes were cvered with mud， s I asked them t take their shes ff befre they gt int Tm’s （Tm） car.
2.名词所有格的特殊用法
①用于表示店铺、诊所、住宅及公共建筑等的名词时，所有格之后的shp， ffice， huse等常省去。如：
at the barber’s （shp） 在理发店
at Mr. Green’s （huse）在格林先生家
②如果两个名词并列，且分别加’s，则表示"分别有……"；若只有后一个名词加’s，则表示两个"共有"。如：
Lily’s and Mary’s teachers 莉莉和玛丽各自的老师
Lily and Mary’s teacher 莉莉和玛丽共同的老师
四、名词的词形转换
动词/形容词可加后缀变为名词，名词也可加后缀变为另一个名词。常见的名词后缀如下：
[2023 全国甲，69]Hwever， Carsn’s theme is a mre weighty warning （warn） abut envirnmental destructin.
[2020新高考Ⅱ，58]Als， technlgical knw-hw has becme a requirement （require） fr mst jbs in an increasingly digital wrld， as the cmputer has becme a cmmn tl in mst prfessins.
The study surveyed 500 families and fund that the main psychlgical prblems peple suffered were lneliness （lnely） and anxiety （anxius）.
[2022全国甲，65]Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad， in rder t prmte envirnmental prtectin （prtect）.
1.We always kept bamb chpsticks alng with ur knives （knife）， frks and spns， ready fr whenever we happened t have Chinese fd fr dinner.
2.His curage and persistence （persist） with his brilliance and humr inspired peple acrss the wrld.
3.T better tell the stry， Yu Rng drew inspiratin frm her several visits （visit） t sites f ancient battles and Henan pera.
4.In 1990， abut 750 millin peple in this cuntry lived in extreme pverty （pr）； tday fewer than 10 millin d.
5.Peple wh are far-sighted have difficulty in reading a bk unless they hld it at an arm’s length （lng）.
6. Curisity （curius） is part f children’s nature. They always insist n getting t the bttm f everything.
7.I trust the histrian cmpletely. His descriptin （describe） f these events crrespnds t ther accunts written at the time.
8.Sme restaurants in Guangzhu stimulate custmers’ （custmer） appetite with many different fferings.
考点二 形容词和副词
一、形容词及副词的基本用法及转换
1.形容词的基本用法
[2023新高考Ⅰ，56]Xia lng ba （sup dumplings）， thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers encasing ht， tasty （taste） sup and sweet， fresh meat， are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd.
[2022新高考Ⅱ，58]On the day f the accident， Mrs. Brwn was at wrk and Eric was at hme with his father. They bth fell asleep （sleep） while watching TV.
Frm news articles and recipes t yga classes， yu can find almst everything n the Internet. Many peple find this way f life mre cnvenient （cnvenience）.
After the lng vyage， they arrived hme， hungry （hunger） and thirsty.
2.形容词＋-ly变副词的规则
3.副词的基本用法
副词通常作状语，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。位置比较灵活，但enugh作副词修饰形容词或副词时，需置于形容词或副词之后。
[2022新高考Ⅱ，60]When he lked dwn， he accidentally （accidental） slipped and fell ver the edge.
[2020全国Ⅰ，62]Landing n the mn’s far side is extremely （extreme） challenging.
Strangely （strange） enugh， sme famus scientists have the qualities f bth being careful and being careless.
Walking at the pace f 4 mph burns arund 300 calries per hur. Cnsequently （cnsequent）， pwer walking， in additin t a healthy diet， helps manage yur weight.
二、形容词和副词的比较等级
1.规则变化
2.不规则变化
3.原级比较
as＋形容词/副词原级＋＋as/s＋形容词/副词原级＋as（表否定比较)＋形容词原级＋as＋计量名词（表示"多达……，高达……"等）as＋形容词原级＋a（n）＋n.＋＋many＋可数名词复数＋＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
The river is as deep as 10 meters. 这条河深达10米。
A lin is just as dangerus and fierce an animal as a tiger. 狮子是和老虎一样危险且凶残的动物。
Actually，the building lked as impressive （impressin） as it did in phtgraphs.
4.比较级
①常见的比较级的修饰语有：much， far， a little/a bit， a lt/a great deal， rather，even，still等。
[2023浙江1月，62]Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler （simple） in design and decratin， and the hutngs were narrwer.
②比较级的常见结构及意义：
The deeper yu dive， the lwer （lw）the temperature becmes.
Of the tw cats， I’d chse the cheaper （cheap） ne t spare sme mney fr a bk.
③"nt/never/nthing等否定词＋形容词比较级 （＋than...）"表示最高级意义。
I have never read a better bk than this. （＝This is the best bk I have ever read.） 我从未读过比这本更好的书。
I can think f nthing better than a nice cld beer n a ht summer afternn.在炎热的夏日午后，我想不出比一杯可口的冰啤更好的东西了。
5.最高级
①常见的最高级的修饰语有：位于the之前的by far， nearly， almst， by n means， really， quite等以及位于the与最高级之间的序数词等。
I dn’t think this film is by far the mst bring.我认为这部电影不是最无聊的。
②最高级的常见结构：
the＋形容词最高级（＋名词）＋表示范围的短语ne f the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数the/ne’s＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词单数
[2020全国Ⅲ，62]One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait（画像） dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their finest （fine） wrk， s that he culd chse the best.
三、倍数表达法
倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...倍数＋the＋size/height/weight/length/width/depth/...＋f...倍数＋that/thse＋f...倍数＋what从句
This star is abslutely huge. It’s 100 times bigger （big） than the sun and thusands f times brighter （bright）.
The pl stretches 150 metres， three times the length （lng） f a standard Olympic swimming pl.
四、易混副词辨析：同根副词加-ly和不加-ly
有些副词有两种形式：一种与形容词同形，多表具体意义；另一种是"形容词＋-ly"构成的副词，多表抽象、引申意义。它们有时含义相同或略有不同，有时则完全不同。常见的这类易出错的副词有：
Acupuncture（针灸） and mxibustin（艾灸） have been widely （wide） practiced in China fr thusands f years.
1.Even tday， n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak， they can all still cmmunicate easily （easy） in writing.
2.Als， cffee drunk n an empty stmach is nt recmmended because it can be harmful （harm） t yur bdy.
3.Therefre， after graduating frm university， I decided t achieve smething mre beneficial （benefit） that wuld help the wider cmmunity.
4.When the Spanish set ut t explre the regin， they hped t find land as valuable （value） as what they had fund earlier in Mexic.
5.On the ther hand， plants which have a gd adaptatin t dry cnditins r have the ability t stre water in their cells require less frequent （frequent） watering.
6.Cmputers and mbile phnes， thugh indeed making ur life easier （easy） and mre efficient， have reduced the need fr face-t-face cmmunicatin.
7.In Chinese cuisine， tmates are frequently （frequent） used as decratins， adding a refreshing sur-sweet flavr t meaty dishes.
8.[全国Ⅲ，67&68]They als shared with us many traditinal （traditin） stries abut Hawaii that were hugely （huge） ppular with turists.
考点三 数词
一、基数词
Bill Clintn was the US president in the nineties （ninety）.
二、序数词
1.基数词变序数词的规律
2.序数词的基本用法
序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词等限定词。序数词前也可加不定冠词，表示"又一，再一"。
[2021新高考Ⅱ，56]In the seventh （seven） grade， I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia.
1.Guan Yu，general f the secnd and the third （three） century AD，was an icnic figure in Chinese histry，well-knwn fr his bravery and lyalty.
2.The bk is very interesting； I want t read it a secnd （tw） time.
3.There I met a gentleman by the name f Kurien in his late eighties （eighty）.
4.It is reprted that the flds have left thusands （thusand） f peple hmeless.
一、单句语法填空
1.[2024山西大同10月考试]Radiatin levels n the surface f Mars are tw and a half times higher （high） than thse n the Internatinal Space Statin.
2.[2024河北衡水期中]Yu may have nticed that almst all female figures in traditinal （traditin） Chinese paintings carry a silk fan.
3.[2024安徽合肥一中校考]These small talks can pen drs that lead t larger， mre meaningful （meaning） cnversatins.
4.[2024福建厦门阶段练]Grup members wuld definitely （definite） make every effrt t assist ne anther and slve prblems.
5.[2024广东佛山一中9月月考]Silk is strng， but it isn’t stretchy（有弹性的）. If it is stretched， it desn’t return t the previus length （lng）.
6.[2024东北师大附中二模]The curses are very ppular because they create chances fr students t participate in varius activities （activity）.
7.[2024广东深圳期中]Meanwhile， sme believe this kind f traveling is simply （simple） an expressin f yuthful impulse.
8.There are varius clubs ffering students different activities t enrich their schl life and satisfy their curisity （curius）.
9.The number f turists t the beach declined by 10％ last year due t the pllutin （pllute） in the surrunding area.
10.French is actually cnsidered amng the easiest （easy） languages fr an English speaker t learn.
11.[2024河南豫北名校联考]Thrugh the event， the wrld can get clser t China， and China can better （well） carry ut cultural exchanges and learning.
12.[2024湖南师大附中月考]The sun， hwever， was nt still， and it steadily （steady） rse frm the hrizn， reached the highest （high） pint and then set t the west.
13.[2024四川绵阳南山中学模考]She realized that ne f the greatest benefits （benefit） f the Internet was its ability t remve the distance （distant） that usually exists between peple.
14.[2024湖北四地9月联考]I was really nervus abut English class this year because I was an eleventh grader taking a twelfth （twelve） grade class.
【点拨】 注意twelve的序数词要变-ve为-f，再加-th，类似的还有five→fifth。
15.[2024四川眉山10月考试]China has a large number f Chinese dishes （dish）， a wide range f flavrs， and cmplex cking methds， which are secnd （tw） t nne in the wrld.
【点拨】 secnd t nne为固定搭配，表示"首屈一指，无人能比"。
16.[2024湖南郴州一模]The Nanimm Cafe chain has expanded rapidly （rapid） since May 2022 and nw has quite a few branches （branch） in peratin.
17.[2024广东深圳10月月考]The UN Chinese Language Day is bserved annually （annual） n April 20， celebrating the language’s cntributin （cntribute） t the wrld and encuraging mre peple t learn it.
18.[2024山东名校9月联考] Eventually （eventual） I was successfully admitted fllwing several demanding runds f prfessinal （prfessin） tests.
19.The film has raised the audiences’ awareness （aware） and enhanced their lve and belief （believe） in Chinese culture.
20.Diet has becme a way f life and a fashin that prmtes cnsumptin （cnsume） and drives the develpment （develp） f the cuntry’s catering industry.
21.[2024江苏南京六校联考]AI has been used t autmatically （autmatic） identify and analyze the tracks f snw lepards frm 100，000 phts taken every three mnths in natinal parks， increasing the accuracy （accurate） f identificatin t 98 percent and strengthening the efficiency （efficient） f prtectin measures.
22.[2024四川成都七中校考]The essence f family cnnectin （cnnect） is children feeling that they’re accepted and nurtured at hme， which allws them t learn what their strengths （strng） and weaknesses are in a relatively （relative）safe envirnment.
23.[2024重庆一中开学考]Crws have lng been bserved fr their varius amazing displays f intelligence （intelligent）. They are ne f the smartest （smart） grups f animals n earth， with remarkable （remark） prblem-slving， tlmaking， and deductive reasning（演绎推理） skills.
24.[2024福建厦门阶段练]Offering aid t ther cuntries shws that we are glbal citizens interested （interest） in wrld stability （stable） and that we are ready t build a cmmunity with a shared （share） future fr mankind.
25.Visitrs d nt need t line up fr tickets because advanced （advance） technlgies such as face recgnitin （recgnize） and ther smart platfrms have been adpted.
26.By cmbining cmmnly （cmmn） used clrs such as pink green， brwnish yellw， sapphire and eggplant purple with black， the riginally cmpletely different clrs becme harmnius （harmny）.
27. Surprisingly （surprising）， the cmpetitin （cmpete） has attracted mre than 3，000 participants （participate） frm arund the glbe and nearly 5，000 shrt vide entries since the first editin.
28.It seems that peple wh always stay up are much mre likely （likely） t get sick than thse wh have a healthy lifestyle， but we will have a further （far） discussin befre we draw a final cnclusin.
29.These racle bne inscriptins（甲骨文）， the earliest （early） frm f Chinese characters （character） ever fund t this day， are a clear prf （prve） that the histry f the Chinese writing system stretches back abut 3，500 years.
30.They tk ninth （nine） place in the cmpetitin by their paper-cut that they had made n their wn with knives （knife）.
二、语篇语法填空
[2024广东茂名10月考试]The Analects f Cnfucius is a fine example f wrld literature， and the publicatin f the Maltese versin f the ancient Chinese bk will further enhance cultural exchanges between China and Malta， says Salvatre Giuffre， Maltese sinlgist and 1 （translate） f the bk. It is the 2 （ne） time that the bk has been translated int Maltese.
Giuffre spent arund tw years making the bk accessible 3 Maltese readers. "I tried t keep my Maltese versin as understandable as pssible t enable a 4 （large） circle f readers t benefit frm it，" Giuffre says. The Maltese versin is cmplete with an intrductin t the life f Cnfucius， the era he 5 （live） in， his teachings and the key cncepts， terms， names and figures mentined in the bk.
The idea f translating the bk came abut 6 China’s Shandng Friendship Publishing Huse invited Malta’s SKS Publishers t attend a seminar（研讨会） n Cnfucius in 2017 in Shandng Prvince. The event featured 7 （vary） publicatins f the bk in different languages， and SKS Publishers wanted t enrich the 8 （cllect） with a Maltese versin.
SKS asked Giuffre t translate the bk. Giuffre is fluent in Chinese， has visited China several times and wrked as the Maltese directr f Cnfucius Institute at the University f Malta. The publicatin was 9 （partial） financed by the Malta Bk Fund， an initiative 10 （launch） by the Natinal Bk Cuncil and the China Cultural Centre in Malta.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了汉学家Salvatre Giuffre将《论语》翻译为马耳他语，加强了中国和马耳他之间的文化交流。
1.translatr 名词。空前的sinlgist和该空是作者Salvatre Giuffre的两个身份：汉学家和译者，所以应填translate的名词形式。故填translatr。
2.first 数词。句意： 这是这本书第一次被翻译成马耳他语。该句为固定句型：it is the first time that sb./sth. has dne sth. 故填first。
3.t 介词。句意：Giuffre花了大约两年的时间让这本书与马耳他读者见面。 sth. be accessible t sb. 意为"某物为某人可使用的/可得到的"。故填t。
4.larger 形容词比较级。句意： Giuffre说： "我试图让我的马耳他语版本尽可能容易理解，以便让更多的读者从中受益。" 根据句意可知，空处应用形容词的比较级作定语修饰名词，a larger circle f表示"更大范围的"。故填larger。
5.lived 时态。句意： 马耳他语版本包括对孔子的生平、他所生活的时代、他的学说以及书中提到的关键概念、术语、名字和人物的介绍。分析句子可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语，与主语he之间是主动关系，结合句意，此处讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填lived。
6.when 时间状语从句。句意： 2017年， 中国山东友谊出版社邀请马耳他SKS出版社参加在山东省举行的孔子研讨会，翻译该书的想法由此产生。根据句意可知，空后的"China’s Shandng Friendship Publishing Huse invited Malta’s SKS Publishers t attend a seminar（研讨会） n Cnfucius in 2017 in Shandng Prvince"是想法产生的时间，所以用从属连词when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
7.varius 形容词。句意：该活动以不同语种的各种《论语》出版物为特色，SKS出版社希望用马耳他语版本丰富该系列。空处作定语修饰名词publicatins，所以用vary的形容词形式。故填varius。
8.cllectin 名词。空处被冠词the限定，且空后无名词作enrich的宾语，所以空处应填名词。故填cllectin。
9.partially 副词。句意：这本书的出版得到了马耳他图书基金的部分资助，该基金是由马耳他国家图书委员会和马耳他中国文化中心发起的。空处作状语修饰动词financed，所以用partial的副词形式。故填partially。
10.launched 非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语修饰名词initiative，launch与其逻辑主语initiative之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词，表示被动。故填launched。卷别
名词的数和格
词性转换
形容词和副词的比较
等级及其他
数词
其他→名
其他→形/副
2023
新Ⅰ
56.tasty
64.rarely
新Ⅱ
61.interviews
56.arrival
57.cnfident
63.Basically
甲
69.warning
67.Different
62.sixth
乙
64.wnders
69.remarkable
2022
新Ⅰ
62.ppulatins
63.eventually
新Ⅱ
64.sn’s
58.asleep
60.accidentally
甲
65.prtectin
66.meaningful
68.highest
乙
65.respnsibility
64.largest
浙江
58.phtgrapher
64.independence
60.existing
61.sighted
2021
新Ⅰ
57.humans
58.undubtedly
60.astnished
59.htter（the＋比较级，the＋比较级）
新Ⅱ
64.representative
61.harmful
62.excited
56.seventh
甲
69.watchtwers
70.daily
65.better
乙
69.Activities
62.develpment
61.educated
68.financial
浙江
58.marriage
59.smaller
2020
新Ⅰ
64.accuracy
56.wealthy
新Ⅱ
59.prfessins
58.requirement
57.educatinal
Ⅰ
64.interest（interesting）
62.extremely
69.much（hw much）
Ⅱ
61.celebratin
66.Certainly
69.beautiful
Ⅲ
64.curisity
68.gently
62.finest
浙江
62.seasns
2019
Ⅰ
66.belief
62.prly
68.higher
Ⅱ
63.finally
70.wnderful
Ⅲ
66.cmpetitin
67.traditinal
68.hugely
61.s（）
浙江
64.cnnectin（s）
60.easily
65.traditinal
构成方法
例词
一般在词尾加-s
map→maps sea→seas
girl→girls bk→bks
以-s，-x，-ch，-sh，-tch结尾的名词后加-es
class→classes bx→bxes
watch→watches dish→dishes
但如stmach等，词尾-ch的发音为/k/时，要加-s，即stmachs
以-f或-fe
结尾的词
大都变-f
或-fe为-v，
再加-es
leaf→leaves knife→knives
wife→wives wlf→wlves
life→lives thief→thieves
少数直接加-s
belief→beliefs chief→chiefs
rf→rfs prf→prfs
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i加-es
party→parties family→families
stry→stries
以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加-s
ty→tys by→bys
day→days ray→rays
以辅音字母加-结
尾的名词
加-es
her→heres ptat→ptates
tmat→tmates
加-s
pian→pians pht→phts
kil→kils
两者皆可
vlcan→vlcanes/vlcans
以元音字母加-结尾的名词加-s
radi→radis z→zs
bamb→bambs
以-th结尾的名词加-s
truth→truths muth→muths
mnth→mnths
构成方法
例词
词尾加-ren或-en
child→children
x→xen
变更词内元音
man→men
wman→wmen
ft→feet gse→geese
muse→mice
单复数同形
sheep deer series means species
表示国籍的专有名词
加-s
American→Americans
German→Germans
Greek→Greeks
单复数同形
Chinese Prtuguese Japanese
有些词以-man或-wman结尾，分别改为-men或-wmen
Englishman→Englishmen
复合名词
将主体名词变为复数
sn-in-law→sns-in-law
lker-n→lkers-npasser-by→passers-by
无主体名词时，通常在最后一个词的词尾加-s
grwn-up→grwn-ups
外来名词
criterin→criteria 标准
phenmenn→phenmena现象
basis→bases 基础 crisis→crises 危机
analysis→analyses 分析
bacterium→bacteria 细菌
medium→media媒体 datum→data 数据
词汇
抽象名词（不可数）
具体化后（可数）
beauty
美，美丽
美人，美好的事物
failure
失败
失败的事物或人
success
成功，胜利
成功的事物或人
hnur
尊敬，敬意
引起尊敬的事物或人
pleasure
愉快，快乐
乐事
pity
怜悯，同情
憾事
词汇
不可数名词
可数名词
paper
纸
试卷；报纸；论文
chicken
鸡肉
鸡
wrk
工作
著作，作品
构成
示例
单数名词词尾通常加-’s；复数名词不以-s结尾时，也要加-’s
the by’s schlbag
peple’s awareness
以-s结尾的复数名词后直接加"’"
teachers’ ffice
a thirty minutes’ ride
以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词之后加"’"或-’s均可
my bss’s/bss’ plan
James’/James’s eyes
复合名词一般在最后一个词的词尾加-’s
my brther-in-law’s birthday
用法
示例
形容词作定语，修饰名词
a white dg
形容词在系动词之后，作表语
I am afraid I can’t g with yu.
形容词作宾补
The smell f flwers makes me relaxed.
形容词作状语，表示状态，逻辑主语为句子主语
Surprised and happy， Tny std up and accepted the prize.
情况
变化规则
例词
一般情况
在词尾加-ly
kind→kindly
immediate→immediately
以-y结尾的双音节、多音节形容词
把-y改为-i，再加-ly
angry→angrily
easy→easily
以-y结尾的单音节形容词
在词尾加-ly
shy→shyly dry→dryly
以-le结尾
去-e加-y
pssible→pssibly
simple→simply
cmfrtable→cmfrtably （例外：whle→whlly）
以"元音字母＋-e"结尾
去-e加-ly
true→truly due→duly
以-ic结尾
在词尾加-ally
basic→basically
energetic→energetically
（例外：public→publicly）
以-ll结尾
在词尾加-y
full→fully dull→dully
规则
例词
单音节词和部分双音节词一般直接加-er和-est
fast→faster→fastest
narrw→narrwer→narrwest
以-e结尾的单音节词直接加-r和-st
late→later→latest
wide→wider→widest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写辅音字母，再加-er和-est
ht→htter→httest
thin→thinner→thinnest
big→bigger→biggest
以"辅音字母＋-y"结尾的词，变-y为-i再加-er和-est
happy→happier→happiest
easy→easier→easiest
其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加mre和mst
careful→mre careful→mst careful
easily→mre easily→mst easily
原级
比较级
最高级
gd， well
better
best
bad
wrse
wrst
many， much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther（仅指时间、空间距离）
farthest（仅指时间、空间距离）
further（指时间、空间距离或程度）
furthest（指时间、空间距离或程度）
ld
lder（指年龄或新旧）
ldest（指年龄或新旧）
elder（指年纪较长的）
eldest（指年龄最大的）
常见结构
意义
A＋be＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B
A比B……
A＋be＋less＋形容词/副词＋than＋B
A不及B……（表示否定比较）
A＋be＋n＋比较级＋than＋B
A和B一样不……
A＋be＋nt＋比较级＋than＋B
A不及B……（表示否定比较）
比较级＋and＋比较级
越来越……
mre and mre＋多音节词/部分双音节词原级
the＋比较级（...），the＋比较级（...）
越……越……
the＋比较级＋f the tw＋名词复数
两者中较……的那个
词汇
含义
例句
clse
clsely
接近地
They live quite clse.
密切地；仔细地
The tw events are clsely cnnected.
hard
hardly
努力地
He wrked hard t succeed.
几乎不
He hardly ever ges t bed befre midnight.
late
lately
晚，迟
I stayed up late last night.
最近，不久前
It’s nly lately that she’s been well enugh t g ut.
mst
mstly
最；极其，非常
It was mst kind f yu t meet me.
通常，主要地
We’re mstly ut at weekends.
wide
widely
充分地
The dr was wide pen.
广泛地
The methd is widely used.
deep
deeply
在深处
The miners were trapped deep undergrund.
深刻地； 非常，极其
Dn’t be nervus！ Lie dwn and breathe deeply.
He lved his yunger brther deeply.
high
highly
在高处，高
His desk was piled high with papers.
高标准地；非常；赞赏地
He spke highly f the nvel.
表达"在某人几十多岁"时
用"in ne’s＋整十基数词的复数（十除外）"
表达"在几十年代"时
用"in the＋整十基数词的复数"
hundred，thusand与millin等前有数词或several时
不能用复数形式，且其后不加f
表示不确切的数目时
应用hundreds/thusands/millins f＋复数名词
一般由基数词加-th构成
sixth， seventh， tenth， eleventh， hundredth等
以-ty结尾的基数词，先把-y变为-i，再加-eth
twentieth， thirtieth等
不规则变形
first， secnd， third， fifth， eighth， ninth， twelfth等