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备战2025年高考英语精品教案 第二部分 学透语法 突破句法篇 专题六 特殊句式(Word版附解析)
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这是一份备战2025年高考英语精品教案 第二部分 学透语法 突破句法篇 专题六 特殊句式(Word版附解析),共9页。
1.[北京高考,8]In any unsafe situatin, simply press (press)the buttn and a highly-trained agent will get yu the help yu need.
2.[湖南高考,31]Always keep (keep) in mind that yur main task is t get this cmpany running smthly.
祈使句在高考中考查较少。做题时要注意分析句子成分,牢记祈使句的常用句型,准确辨别祈使句和非谓语动词作状语的情况。
考向2 强调句型和倒装
3.[天津高考,14]It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
4.[江苏高考,34]Nt until recently did (d) they encurage the develpment f turist-related activities in the rural areas.
强调句型和倒装在近些年全国卷中未涉及,偶尔在地方卷中出现。要注意区分强调句型和其他句型以及正确使用倒装语序。
考点一 倒 装
一、全部倒装
把谓语完全放在主语之前的现象叫全部倒装。全部倒装常用于以下情况:
1.方位副词(如here,there等),时间副词(如nw,then等)以及表示趋向的副词(如in,ut,away,up,dwn,ff等)位于句首,且句子主语是名词时。
Here is Mr Wang.王先生来了。
Nw cmes yur turn.现在该你了。
Up went the rcket int the air.火箭升空了。
2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首,句子谓语动词是表示存在意义的不及物动词(如lie,stand,live,sit,exist等),且句子主语为名词时。
On her left sat her daughter.她左边坐着她的女儿。
Beynd the river lives a hunter.有个猎人住在河对岸。
注意 若句子主语是代词,则句子不倒装。如:Here they are.他们在这儿。
On tp f the muntain stands (stand) an ancient building which dates back t hundreds f years ag.
二、部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的现象叫部分倒装。构成部分倒装结构时,如果谓语部分无情态动词或be动词,则要找助动词来"帮助"构成倒装句。常用于以下几种情况:
1.具有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。常见的词或短语有:hardly, seldm, rarely, scarcely, little, never, in n way,by n means, in n case,n n accunt, under n circumstances等。
On n accunt shuld the huse be left unlcked. 离开住宅时千万要锁门。
2."nly+状语(从句)"置于句首时,句子(或复合句中的主句)一般要部分倒装。若nly不修饰状语,句子不倒装。
Only in the mrning can yu meet him.你只有在早晨才能见到他。
Only after he died did peple begin t appreciate his wrks.只有在他死了之后人们才开始欣赏他的作品。
3.as/thugh引导让步状语从句时的倒装情况:
as引导让步状语从句时,从句"必须倒装"。thugh引导让步状语从句时,从句"可倒可不倒"。
其结构为:表语/状语/动词原形+as/thugh+主语+其他.
注意 althugh引导让步状语从句时,从句不可倒装。
Old as/thugh he is, he wrks like a yung man.他虽然老了,但工作起来像个年轻人。
4.", n "结构中,当hardly/scarcely, n sner位于句首时,when/than前的内容要部分倒装,其后的内容不倒装。
N sner had she gne ut than the telephne rang.她刚出去电话就响了。
5.nt until置于句首时,句子(或复合句中的主句)要部分倒装。
Nt until Father came back did we begin t have supper. 直到父亲回来我们才开始吃晚饭。
6.①nt (als)...连接两个并列分句,且nt nly置于句首时,nt nly所在的分句要部分倒装。
②连接两个并列分句,且neither和nr分别位于分句句首时,两个分句都要部分倒装。
Nt nly did he make a prmise, but als he kept it.他不仅许了诺言,而且也遵守了这个诺言。
Neither d I knw what has happened, nr d I care abut it. 我不知道发生了什么,我也不关心。
7.""结构中的s,such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装,that引导的从句不倒装。
S imprtant is the exam tmrrw that I cannt fall asleep. 明天的考试如此重要以至于我睡不着觉。
"Never fr a secnd," the by says, " did (d) I dubt that my father wuld cme t my rescue."
—Hw was the weather then?
—Hardly had (have) I stepped ff the plane when it started t rain.
考点二 强 调
一、强调句型
1.强调句型概览:
①基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+其他成分.②框架构成要素:it is/was, that/wh用于构成强调句型的基本框架,不可用其他词替换。强调"人"时,可用that/wh,强调其他时均用that。③is/was:根据时态选用is/was。④强调成分:主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语等。
注意 判断一个句子是否为强调句时,可把It is/was和that/wh去掉,若剩下的部分仍能组成一个完整的句子,且意义符合逻辑,那么该句就是强调句,否则就不是。
It is my brther wh/that likes jazz.喜欢爵士乐的是我弟弟。(强调主语)
It was befre he went t Lndn that he had learned English.他是在去伦敦之前学的英语。(强调时间状语从句)
的强调句型:It is/was nt
It was nt until I tld Jack everything that he understd why I was angry with him.直到我把一切都告诉杰克,他才明白我为什么生他的气。
It was (be) with the help f the lcal guide that the muntain climber was rescued.
It was in this new hall which/that was just set up last mnth that we held an imprtant meeting yesterday.
二、d型强调结构
1.基本构成:d/des/did+动词原形2.用于强调谓语动词3.句子一般是肯定句4.时态限于一般现在时和一般过去时
He des knw the place well.他的确熟悉这个地方。
考点三 祈使句
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略),常见的祈使句有以下几种形式:
Study (study) fr thirty minutes every day instead f tw hurs nce a week. This habit will help keep English in yur brain fresh.
考点四 感叹句
一、what型感叹句:what修饰名词
What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!形容词+复数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What a wnderful stry (it is)!多精彩的一个故事啊!
What beautiful flwers (they are)!多漂亮的花儿啊!
二、hw型感叹句:hw修饰形容词、副词
Hw+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
Hw clever she is!她多么聪明啊!
Hw fast he ran!他跑得多快啊!
Hw interesting a film we saw!我们看了一部多么有趣的电影啊!
The little by came riding his bicycle at full speed dwn the mtrway. What a dangerus scene it was!
Hw glad I was that he was sitting next t me!
Mr Smith saved an ld lady ut f the river. What great curage he shwed!
Hw rapidly science and technlgy develp! Sme high-tech prducts we imagined years ag have cme true nw.
考点五 There be句型
There be句型表示"(某处/某时)有……",there本身没有词义,be是系动词,be后面的名词或代词是主语。
一、There be句型中的be
There be句型中的be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致;主语为并列结构时,be的人称和数遵循"就近原则"。be可以有不同的时态,还可以与助动词和情态动词连用。
Once there were (be) tw pr wdsmen wh made a living by cllecting wds.
There will be (be) a new hspital nearby in the near future.
There are (be) a number f creative inventins being exhibited in the centre.
二、There be句型的变式
There be句型中的be有时可用seem/happen/appear t be, remain, stand, exist, live等替换。
Once upn a time there lived an ld fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
三、There be句型的非谓语形式
There be句型中的be也可以以不定式(t be)或v-ing形式(being)出现在句子中。there t be可以作动词的宾语,there being在句中作主语、宾语或状语。
There being a bus stp near the schl is a great cnvenience t students.学校附近有一个公交站点,这对学生来说非常便利。(主语)
I wish there t be a gd chance t g abrad.我希望有一个出国的好机会。(宾语)
There being (be) neither gas nr electricity at hme, we had t g t the nearest restaurant t have lunch.
四、含There be的固定句型
There is n sense/pint in ding sth.做某事没有道理/意义。There is n need (fr sb.) t d sth. (某人)没必要做某事。There is n dubt that…毫无疑问……There is n chance/pssibility f (ding)sth./that…(做)某事是不可能的。
一、单句语法填空
1.[2024上海交大附中开学考]But the mre interactin there is (be) between warmer waters and peple, the mre bacteria mve int ppulatins such as the elderly and thse with ther health cnditins, wh are mre vulnerable t infectins.
2.[2024黑龙江哈尔滨三中开学考]Generus husband as/thugh he might be, he was mre than angry with his wife — she spent all their savings n a diamnd necklace.
【点拨】 此处为让步状语从句的倒装语序。
3.[2024重庆外国语学校校考]It was nt until the early Tang Dynasty that peple began t celebrate the day as a traditinal festival.
4.[2024江苏连云港统考阶段练]Nt nly did (d) my academic perfrmance imprve, but I als develped an ability t adapt t unexpected situatins.
5.As there is (be) furniture and electrical appliances(家电) left, the price f the apartment is a little higher.
【点拨】 there be句型的单复数要遵循"就近一致"原则。
6.With fall cmes (cme) cler weather, and the lack f sunlight can have a significant impact n hw energetic we feel.
【点拨】 该句为介词短语with fall提到句首引起的完全倒装句,主语为空后的cler weather。
7.Study the learning material carefully until yu have a gd understanding f it, r yu can’t answer the questins asked by the prfessr in class tmrrw.
8. What great fun it was walking alng the streets, enjying the festive atmsphere!
9.The brave by did (d) save a baby in the lake but he didn’t tell anyne.
10. Hw fascinating it is t g hiking in the cuntry park in the cl autumn!
11.It is said that there will be (be) a discunt at the gas statin next Wednesday.
12.He des (d) knw the city well. He has been living here since graduatin.
13. Keep (keep) yur feet n the grund and wrk hard, and yu will definitely achieve yur gal ne day.
14.Here are (be) a few suggestins that yu can fllw t imprve yur listening ability.
15.By n means is (be) she t blame fr the lss, fr she has been highly respnsible all thrugh the prject.
二、语篇语法填空
A
[2024河南驻马店9月联考]It is bvius that there 1 (be) n shrtage f ndle dishes and ndle sup recipes in China. Mre than yu’ve 2 (pssible) ever heard f, their variety is as expansive as China’s territry, and everything is delicius. But amng the ndle dishes and ndle sups, Lanzhu Beef Ndles stands ut in particular.
3 (cnsist) f chewy handmade ndles and flavrful and clear sup, shaved beef, deep red chilli il and lts f characteristic ingredients, Lanzhu Beef Ndles has received a large number f vtes frm Chinese citizens. The fact can 4 (cnfirm) by a quick search n the Internet. This bwl f ht spicy delight seems simple 5 has cntributed t ndle 6 (chain) acrss Beijing.
In fact, there is a Lanzhu Beef Ndles restaurant right dwnstairs, 7 is abut 100 yards frm ur Beijing apartment. My niece Kim came 8 (visit) us in Beijing this summer, and after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bwl f ndles t be the best thing she 9 (eat) in China ever. And guess what? It nly csts $3! We prmised t feed her 10 extra bwl befre leaving fr the airprt, and t ur surprise, she prpsed that we shuld meet in the Lanzhu Beef Ndles restaurant the next summer hliday.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国面食中尤为出名的兰州牛肉面,并提到了北京的一家兰州牛肉面餐厅以及作者的侄女对这种面的喜爱。
1.is there be 句型。there be 句型中的be动词单复数形式遵循"就近一致"原则。根据n shrtage可知be动词用单数;且根据上下文可知,时态为一般现在时。故填is。
2.pssibly 副词。分析句子结构可知,空处使用副词作状语,修饰动词heard。pssible的副词形式为pssibly。 故填pssibly。
3.Cnsisting 非谓语动词。句意:由有嚼劲的手工面条、美味的清汤、切片牛肉、深红色的辣椒油和许多特色配料组成,兰州牛肉面在中国人民中得到了大量投票(支持喜爱)。分析句子结构可知,句中has received为谓语,空处应填非谓语动词。同时cnsist f与其逻辑主语Lanzhu Beef Ndles是主谓关系,故使用现在分词作状语;同时该空置于句首,单词首字母要大写。故填Cnsisting。
4.be cnfirmed 语态。分析句子结构可知,句子主语The fact和cnfirm是被动关系,同时空处置于情态动词can之后,故填be cnfirmed。
5.but 并列连词。这碗热辣的美味看似简单,却在北京很受欢迎。空前和空后的语意为转折关系。故填but。
6.chains 名词。chain在此意为"连锁店",为可数名词,且此处表示复数意义。故填chains。
7.which 定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,修饰先行词a Lanzhu Beef Ndles restaurant。故填which。
8.t visit 非谓语动词。此处表示目的,应用不定式。故填t visit。
9.had eaten 时态。分析句子结构可知,空处所在句子为定语从句,修饰先行词the best thing。空处应填动词作从句的谓语,根据前文的she declared以及句意可知,此处表示动作发生在过去之前,所以使用过去完成时。故填had eaten。
10.an 冠词。句中bwl为可数名词,且此处表示"额外的一碗",所以用不定冠词,且extra的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
B
Pssibly the mst helpful and jy-bringing app I’ve added t my phne lately is Merlin, a free bird identificatin prgram 1 (create) by the Crnell Lab f Ornithlgy.
There are many features the app ffers, and my favrite is the birdsng listening feature, 2 yu can turn n yur phne’s micrphne and hear diverse recrded birdsng.Hearing birdsng is a 3 (remind) that we’re nt alne in the great utdrs — r in life. Taking a walk utdrs, I never cease t be 4 (pleasant) surprised t encunter far mre birds than I thught. I als enjy hearing different calls shw up at 5 same time, shwing that the birds are cmmunicating with each ther.
The sense f calm, well-being and pleasure that I feel when I’m hearing birdsng 6 (supprt) by research. One study lked at 26,000 individuals in 26 Eurpean cuntries and fund remarkably 7 (high) life-satisfactin amng thse wh lived near diverse bird habitats. A fascinating finding was that seeing 10 percent mre bird species generated similar satisfactin 8 increase in incme.
S, when yu take a walk utdrs r g fr a hike, 9 (listen) fr the birds that share yur space. Perhaps yu can be inspired by this Chinese prverb(谚语): "Keep a green tree in yur heart, 10 perhaps a singing bird will cme."
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款免费的鸟类识别应用程序,介绍了其功能以及听鸟鸣的好处。
1.created 非谓语动词。句意:最近我给手机安装的最有用、最能带来快乐的应用程序可能是Merlin,这是康奈尔鸟类学实验室开发的一款免费的鸟类识别应用程序。分析句子结构可知,create与其逻辑主语a free bird identificatin prgram构成被动关系,所以用其过去分词作后置定语。故填created。
2.where 定语从句。句意:这款应用程序提供了许多功能,我最喜欢的是鸟鸣收听功能,你可以打开手机的麦克风,听到各种鸟鸣的录音。空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the birdsng listening feature,在从句中作抽象地点状语。 故填where。
3.reminder 名词。空处在句中作表语,空前为不定冠词a,所以空处应填remind的可数名词单数形式。故填reminder。
4.pleasantly 副词。句意:在户外散步时,我总是惊喜地遇到比我想的要多得多的鸟。修饰surprised用pleasant的副词形式。故填pleasantly。
5.the 冠词。same前通常用定冠词修饰。at the same time"同时"。故填the。
6.is supprted 时态和语态。句意:当我听到鸟鸣时,我所感受到的平静、幸福和快乐的感觉是有研究支持的。分析句子结构可知,空处所在句子主语为The sense f calm, well-being and pleasure,为单数形式,空处作谓语与主语构成被动关系,且陈述客观事实,所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is supprted。
7.higher 形容词比较级。句意:一项研究调查了26个欧洲国家的2.6万人,发现住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人生活满意度明显更高。此处将住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人和没有住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人相比较,所以应用比较级形式。故填higher。
8.t 介词。句意: 一个有趣的发现是,多看到10%的鸟类会让人产生与收入增加类似的满足感。similar通常与t搭配,表示"与……类似"。故填t。
9.listen 祈使句。句意:所以,当你在户外散步或徒步旅行时,留心听听与你共享空间的鸟儿的叫声。空处所在句子为肯定祈使句,句首动词用原形。故填listen。
10.and 连词。句意:也许你会受到这句中国谚语的启发:"心中有绿树,或有飞鸟鸣。"谚语的句子是祈使句固定结构"祈使句+and/r+陈述句"。根据句意可知,空处前后句意为顺承关系,所以用并列连词and。故填and。
三、写作运用
学校图书馆需要购置一批新书,现向学生征询意见。假定你是李华,你认为学校图书馆最需要购置科普类图书(ppular science bks)和文学类图书(literary bks)。请你用英语给图书馆王老师写一封建议信,内容包括:
1.推荐图书;
2.推荐理由。
Dear Mr Wang,
I’ve heard that ur schl library will buy sme new bks. 1 What exciting news (多么令人兴奋的消息啊)! And I’m writing t suggest buying sme ppular science bks and literary bks.
Firstly, 2 s rapidly d science and technlgy develp in this age (这个时代的科技发展地如此之快)(倒装) that it is vital fr us t have a basic knwledge f them. Abve all, 3 there are plenty f amazing scientific discveries (有许多令人惊叹的科学发现) that can aruse students’ interest and passin.
Secndly, literary bks are als what we need. 4 Nt nly can they bring us fun (他们不仅能给我们带来欢乐)(倒装), but they als braden ur hrizns. Besides, the mre literary bks we read, the greater ur writing ability will becme.
5 I d hpe (我真的希望)(强调) my advice will meet with yur apprval.
Yurs,
Li Hua
形式及含义
例句
肯定式
动词原形(+宾语)(+其他).
Cme in, please!
Be+表语(+其他).
Be a gd kid!
Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他).
Let me have a lk.
强调式
D+动词原形(+其他).
该句型常意为"务必做某事"。
D tell her abut it.
D be careful next time!
常用句型:祈使句+and/r/破折号+陈述句.
该句型中陈述句通常用一般将来时。
Hurry up r we’ll be late fr schl.
Try sme f this juice — perhaps yu’ll like it.
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