浙江省宁波市余姚中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份浙江省宁波市余姚中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题（Word版附解析），文件包含浙江省宁波市余姚中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题Word版含解析docx、浙江省宁波市余姚中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题Word版无答案docx、1mp3、10mp3、2mp3、3mp3、4mp3、5mp3、6mp3、7mp3、8mp3、9mp3等12份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共 5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the wman’s suggestin fr the man?
A. Find smene t replace him.
B. Take a break nw.
C. Wait fr Ben.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m ging t take my lunch break right nw.
W: Yu’d better nt. Ben just left fr his break, and smene needs t stay here until he gets back.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman mean?
A. She will pass the man sme sugar.
B. The man shuldn’t have mre sugar.
C. She will make sme cffee fr the man.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Can yu pass me the sugar, please?
W: Dn’t yu think yu’ve had enugh sugar in yur cffee this mrning?
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the speakers have ice cream?
A. After playing sme games.
B. Befre Harld pens his presents.
C. After Harld pens his presents.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Happy Birthday, Harld! Cme here and blw ut the candles, and then we can have cake and ice cream.
M: But I want t pen my presents first.
W: N, hney. We’re ging t d this nw, OK? We can pen presents after we play sme games a little later.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why is Tracy s happy?
A. She has received her favrite jurnal.
B. She has wn a prize fr her research.
C. She has gt her article published.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Tracy, yu lk very happy. Did yu win a prize?
W: Mre than that! I’ve just received the new issue f the jurnal, and yu knw, my article is in it.
M: Oh, great. It must be the article n classrm research, I guess. Cngratulatins!
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking abut?
A. An interesting film.
B. Sme histry bks.
C. Their activities last night.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: What did yu d last night?
W: I went t the library t brrw sme bks n histry. What abut yu?
M: I stayed at hme and watched films fr the entire night.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Where des the wman want t g?
A. The library.B. The mvie theater.C. The man’s huse.
7. What is the man like?
A. Indifferent.B. Warm-hearted.C. Humrus.
【答案】6. A 7. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Are yu lking fr smething?
W: I’m trying t find the library.
M: I can help yu find it if yu want.
W: I wuld like that.
M: D yu knw where the mvie theater is?
W: Yeah, I knw where that is.
M: Yu’ll find the library right arund the crner.
W: Are yu serius?
M: Yes, yu can’t miss it.
W: I knw exactly where it is nw.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What’s the man ding?
A. Applying fr a jb.B. Asking fr help.C. Shwing the way.
9. What level des the man mstly teach?
A. All levels.B. Beginners.C. Advanced.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Gd afternn. Are yu the directr f the ski schl?
W: Yes, that’s right.
M: Hi, I’m Craig Jhnsn.
W: Hi, Craig. What can I d fr yu?
M: I’d like t apply fr the ski instructr jb.
W: Okay, gd. Please take a seat.
M: Thanks
W: S tell me, Craig, what levels d yu teach?
M: All levels, but mstly beginners.
W: Okay. And hw lng have yu been teaching skiing?
M: This will be my secnd winter teaching.
W: Hmm… Well, Craig, the wrkday starts at five in the mrning. There’s a lt f wrk t d befre classes start. Is that a prblem fr yu?
M: N, that’s fine.
W: D yu live near here?
M: Yes, I’m just three kilmeters away.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Where des the cnversatin take place?
A. In a net bar.B. At the wman’s ffice.C. At the man’s apartment.
11. Hw much did the wman pay fr her hard drive?
A. $200.B. $300.C. $350.
12 What d the speakers agree with?
A. Hard drives are mre expensive.
B. Technlgy keeps imprving.
C. Peple depend t much n cmputers.
【答案】10. C 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Ww, yur place is messy. Why dn’t yu clean up a bit?
M: Yeah, I will. I’ve just been spending all my time at the ffice lately. Anyway, let me shw yu that vide I edited n Thursday. It’s n my laptp.
W: Hey, what’s this?
M: That’s my new hard drive. I just rdered it n Wednesday and it was delivered here n Friday. It’s gt abut ten times as much strage as my cmputer.
W: Ww, why d yu need s much?
M: I d a lt f shting with my HD vide camera. All that takes up a lt f disk space. Anyway, this hard drive was nly 300 dllars.
W: Really? That’s pretty cheap. Just three years ag, I bught a pretty small hard drive, and it cst 200 dllars.
M: Well, that’s technlgy fr yu. I remember the first hard drive I ever bught. I think it was abut seven years ag. It cst 350 dllars at the time and it didn’t have very much strage at all. And it was really huge and heavy.
W: It’s amazing. All these things we buy tday seem s ld after just a few years.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What des Nathan have t write dwn first?
A. His family histry.
B. His educatinal backgrund.
C. His persnal infrmatin.
14. Why des Nathan say he is in truble?
A. He gt fired frm his last jb.
B. He has never had a real jb befre.
C. He has never filled ut an applicatin befre.
15. Wh might Mr. Nelsn be?
A. A teacher.B. Nathan’s neighbr.C. Jenny’s father.
16. What can we learn abut Nathan?
A. He went t cllege in 2010.
B. He used t walk his neighbr’s dg.
C. He is still a high schl student.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Can yu help me fill ut this frm, Jenny?
W: Sure. What’s it fr, Nathan?
M: I’m applying fr a jb at the DVD stre dwn the street. This is the first time that I’ve had t fill ut a frm like this.
W: Well, the first thing t write dwn is yur persnal infrmatin at the tp.
M: OK, that’s pretty easy. What abut this sectin here?
W: Yu shuld write dwn yur high schl’s infrmatin first, since that is the mst recent. And
remember t put dwn “2010 — Present” since yu’re still ging there.
M: What abut my middle schl and elementary schl?
W: Yu culd put dwn yur middle schl, but I dn’t think yu need t g all the way back t fifth grade fr this jb applicatin!
M: Ha-ha, OK! Uh-h…“Previus Jb Experience”. I’m in truble nw.
W: Dn’t wrry. Remember when yu used t watch the neighbr’s kids n the weekends? Yu can put that dwn.
M: Oh, really? Cl! Nw, the last sectin… Can I put yu dwn as a persnal reference?
W: I’d be happy t d that, but I think they will want smene lder than yu, like a teacher r a parent… Why dn’t yu ask Mr. Nelsn? Yu were his favrite student.
M: Gd idea.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What des the dragn traditinally symblize in China?
A. Evil.B. Intelligence.C. Fire.
18. Where did the legend f the dragn riginate ?
A. The Middle East.B. Sutheast Asia.C. Western Eurpe.
19. Why did peple use t believe in dragns?
A. Because f the Bible.
B. Because they really existed.
C. Because f the presence f dinsaur bnes.
20. What is a feature f the Russian dragn?
A. It has n legs.B. It has tw wings.C. It has three heads.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C
【解析】
【原文】Did yu knw that dragns have been ppular legends in bth Eurpe and Asia fr ver 3000 years? There is a mentin f a dragn in the Bible, but it is assciated with evil and cnsidered t be the devil. On the ther hand, in China, the dragn is still a symbl f intelligence and pwer. But the image f the dragn in the East and West was influenced by hundreds f years f cntact between Asia and Eurpe, and dragns came t have sme similarities. It is believed that dragns were first imagined in the ancient Middle East.
In fact, there used t be a time when peple even believed that they really existed. Peple used t think that dinsaur bnes were dragn bnes. It is nt clear when peple began t think that dragns culd breathe fire, but bth Eurpean and Asia dragns have been painted as having that capability. The Chinese dragn des nt have legs r wings like the Eurpean dragn. The Russian dragn is ften shwn as having three heads. Dragns are still quite ppular and can be seen in many mvies and televisin prgrams.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)
第一节(共 19小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分47.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Hidden Lndn: the Exhibitin
Visit an “abandned” Tube statin underwrld and discver what secrets are hidden beneath ur busy streets in ur new Hidden Lndn exhibitin at Lndn Transprt Museum!
Hidden Lndn: the Exhibitin takes yu n a jurney f sme f Lndn’s mst secret spaces in the wrld’s ldest undergrund system. These “frgtten” parts f the Tube netwrk have incredible stries t tell abut Britain’s wartime past.
Yu can enjy the largest number f rare phts and bjects frm disused statins that have been brught tgether in ne lcatin.
Discver stries abut hw Churchill tk shelter at the height f the Blitz deep undergrund at Dwn Street statin. See hw shelterers lived dwn at Clapham Suth statin, where they slept and hw they kept entertained.
Yu can als explre ther lcatins that we have recreated in ur Glbal Gallery, including the histric abandned ticket hall at Aldwych statin with an riginal 1930s ticket ffice.
The exhibitin uncvers why these “lst” parts f the undergrund netwrk exist. Changes in ppulatin, ecnmic pririties and plitical pressures have all led t spaces being abandned. But they rarely stay that way. While sme sectins f the Tube system lie “frgtten”, many have been repurpsed fr new activities and are used fr special Hidden Lndn turs, grwing salad leaves, and fr filming lcatins, including Charing Crss, which featured in Skyfall (2012).
Admissin Charges:
Child Ticket: FREE
Adult Ticket: £16.50 per ticket
Reduced Ticket: £15.50 per ticket
Reduced price applies t senir citizens (60+) and visitrs with disabilities.
Opening Times:
Every day: 10:00-18:00
Last entry: 17:00
Address: 39 Wellingtn Street, Cvent Garden, Lndn
21. What can visitrs d at the exhibitin?
A. Admire a cllectin f phts.B. Buy tickets in a deserted hall.
C. Grw vegetables undergrund.D. Live a sheltered life in war time.
22. Which statin was used as a film set?
A. Aldwych.B. Dwn Street.C. Charing Crss.D. Clapham Suth.
23. Hw much shuld a kid with grandparents bth aged 57 pay fr the admissin?
A. £31B. £33C. £46.5D. £49.5
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是Hidden Lndn展览的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Yu can enjy the largest number f rare phts and bjects frm disused statins that have been brught tgether in ne lcatin.(你可以在一个地方欣赏到大量来自废弃车站的珍贵照片和物品)”可知，参观者在展览会上可以欣赏到大量的照片。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段的“While sme sectins f the Tube system lie “frgtten”, many have been repurpsed fr new activities and are used fr special Hidden Lndn turs, grwing salad leaves, and fr filming lcatins, including Charing Crss, which featured in Skyfall (2012).(虽然地铁系统的一些部分被“遗忘”了，但许多已经被重新用于新的活动，用于特殊的Hidden Lndn之旅，种植沙拉叶，以及作为拍摄地点，包括《007：大破天幕杀机》（2012）中的查令十字)”可知，Charing Crss被用作电影布景。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Admissin Charges:部分的“Child Ticket: FREE(儿童票：免费)”，“Adult Ticket: £16.50 per ticket(成人票：每张16.50英镑)”，“Reduced Ticket: £15.50 per ticket(优惠票：每张15.50英镑)”和“Reduced price applies t senir citizens (60+) and visitrs with disabilities.(优惠价适用于60岁以上老年人和残疾游客)”可知，一个孩子和都是57岁的祖父母应该付的钱是£16.50*2=£33。故选B。
B
I was scared when a lud nise in my apartment wke me in the middle f the night. I rushed t turn n my bedrm light and discvered it was a cat.
Here’s the thing — I d nt have a cat. And this was nt the first time this particular cat had demanded my attentin.
I immediately calmed dwn and realized my errr — I had left a windw pen. I apprached t entertain my huse-guest by giving her sme treats and a scratch under her cllar (颈圈).
Like s many thers, I shifted frm wrking in an ffice t wrking frm hme. Living alne can be islating at the best f times. It was arund the ne-mnth mark f the lckdwn when I heard a mew utside my windw. Sitting utside n the grass was a lng-haired, glden-clred cat. I pened the windw, and this beautiful cat jumped int my hme. Her shrt visit brightened my day.
A few days later, I heard a familiar mew. I saw a name tag n her cllar: Mika. On this secnd visit, I als nticed Mika was crss-eyed, which nly made her mre lvely.
Over the next few weeks, Mika wuld stp by ccasinally. Smetimes, she nly stayed fr a few minutes; ther times, she wuld wander arund my apartment much lnger. Each visit brightened me. Mika even helped me cnnect with sme new neighbrs, wh asked if Mika was my cat. Apparently, Mika visited them as well.
While the lckdwn has been awful, I suspect I might nt have ever met Mika if it had nt happened. But perhaps she came by at this time because she sensed a need fr cnnectin n my part.
While dgs are said t be man’s best friend, a gd cat can be everyne’s best friend.
24. What d we knw abut the cat frm the first three paragraphs?
A. She used t g ut at night.B. She entered thrugh the windw.
C. She annyed the neighbrs badly.D. She liked the authr’s treats particularly.
25. Hw did the authr prbably feel during the lckdwn?
A. Lnely.B. Mad.C. Heart-brken.D. Absent-minded.
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 7 refer t?
A. The pen windw.B. The lckdwn.
C. A need fr cnnectin.D. A stay with new neighbrs.
27. What des the authr want t express thrugh the text?
A. He lives an unusual life.B. He lngs fr a harmnius sciety.
C. Keeping cats is rewarding.D. Befriending nice cats is wrthwhile.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在疫情期间与一只名叫Mika的猫咪意外相遇，并因此获得了慰藉和快乐的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I rushed t turn n my bedrm light and discvered it was a cat. (我急忙打开卧室的灯，发现是一只猫)”以及第三段“I immediately calmed dwn and realized my errr — I had left a windw pen. (我立刻冷静下来，意识到我的错误 —— 我留了一扇窗户开着)”可知，这只猫是通过开着的窗户进入屋里的。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Living alne can be islating at the best f times. It was arund the ne⁃mnth mark f the lckdwn when I heard a mew utside my windw. (独自生活即使在最好的时候也是孤立的。大约是在封锁一个月的时候，我听到了窗外有喵喵叫声)”可推知，在封锁期间，作者感到孤独。故选A。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第七段“While the lckdwn has been awful, I suspect I might nt have ever met Mika if it had nt happened. (尽管疫情封城很糟糕，但是我觉得如果不封城的话，我可能就不会遇到Mika.)”可知，作者认为疫情封城给他的生活带了很多不便，但却让他遇到了这只名为Mika的猫。故it应当指代疫情封城的政策。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段“While dgs are said t be man’s best friend, a gd cat can be everyne’s best friend. (虽然狗被认为是人类最好的朋友，但一只好的猫咪也可以成为每个人最好的朋友)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在疫情期间与一只名叫Mika的猫咪意外相遇，她与友善的猫咪建立友谊是非常值得的。故选D。
C
If yu culd travel in time, where wuld yu g? Perhaps yu wuld watch a perfrmance f a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England? What abut hanging ut with Lazi in the Spring and Autumn Perid? Or maybe yu’d vyage far ahead f the present day t see what the future hlds.
The pssibility f time travel is indeed attractive. Stries explring the subject have been arund fr hundreds f years. Perhaps the best-knwn example is science fictin nvel The Time Machine, written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895. It was adapted int at least tw feature films f the same name, as well as tw televisin versins, and a large number f cmic bk adaptatins. It is generally credited with the ppularizatin f the cncept f time travel using a vehicle that allws an peratr t travel purpsefully and selectively. The term “time machine”, cined by Wells, is nw universally referred t a vehicle transprting peple int the far future.
But culd time travel actually be pssible? Sme scientists say yes, in thery. They prpse using cracks in time and space called “wrmhles”, which culd be used as shrtcuts t ther perids. Einstein’s thery f relativity allws time travel in extreme cnditins. And Stephen Hawking says yu culd travel int the future with a really fast spaceship, ging at nearly the speed f light. Thugh building such a spaceship wuldn’t f curse be simple.
Even if yu culd travel int the past, there is smething called the “grandfather paradx”. It asks what wuld happen if a time traveler were t g back in time and have his wn grandfather killed fr sme reasn, and therefre prevent himself frm being brn. If the time traveler wasn’t brn, hw wuld he travel back in time?
And wuld yu really like t visit the future? In H. G. Wells’ bk, the main character travels int distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then vyages 30 millin years int the future where the nly living thing is a black bject with tentacles.
If that’s what’s in stre, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.
28. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A. The Time Machine is ne f the bestselling science fictin nvels.
B. There are films, cmic bks and dramas adapted frm the nvel The Time Machine.
C. Wrks f Literature abut time travel first appeared ne hundred years ag.
D. It was H.G. Wells wh invented the term “time machine”.
29. Einstein’s and Hawking’s theries________.
A. suggest the pssibility f time travel
B. have been prved wrng by sme time travelers
C. have similarities because bth are based n experiments
D. have pushed the inventin f the first spaceship
30. In Paragraph 4, “grandfather paradx” prbably refers t the idea that________.
A. the reunin f the traveler and his grandfather brings happiness
B. the grandfather’s death makes the traveler’s birth impssible
C. the traveler ges back in time t seek fr his grandfather
D. the traveler is prevented frm meeting his grandfather
31. Accrding t the passage what is prbably the authr’s attitude twards time travel?
A. Indifferent.B. Supprtive.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。人类一直对时间旅行很感兴趣。从理论上来说，且根据一些科幻书籍以及科学家所说，时间旅行是可以的。但是，从另一个角度而言，时间旅行未必是好事。因此作者认为我们还是生活在现在的好。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The term “time machine”, cined by Wells, is nw universally referred t a vehicle transprting peple int the far future.(“时光机”这个词是威尔斯创造的，现在被普遍用来指一种把人送到遥远未来的交通工具)”可知，D选项“是H. G. Wells发明了“时间机器”这个术语”正确。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But culd time travel actually be pssible?(但是时间旅行实际上是可能的吗？)”，接下来举了爱因斯坦和霍金的例子“Einstein’s thery f relativity allws time travel in extreme cnditins. And Stephen Hawking says yu culd travel int the future with a really fast spaceship, ging at nearly the speed f light.(爱因斯坦的相对论允许在极端条件下进行时间旅行。斯蒂芬·霍金说，你可以乘坐一艘非常快的宇宙飞船，以接近光速的速度进入未来)”可知，霍金和爱因斯坦的理论表明了时间旅行的可能性。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Even if yu culd travel int the past, there is smething called the “grandfather paradx”. It asks what wuld happen if a time traveler were t g back in time and have his wn grandfather killed fr sme reasn, and therefre prevent himself frm being brn. If the time traveler wasn’t brn, hw wuld he travel back in time?(即使你能穿越到过去，也存在所谓的“祖父悖论”。它问的是，如果一个时间旅行者回到过去，他的祖父因为某种原因被杀，从而阻止了自己的出生，会发生什么。如果时间旅行者没有出生，他怎么能回到过去呢？)”可知，“grandfather paradx”提出的观点就是：祖父死亡导致时间旅行者无法出生。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If that’s what’s in stre, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.(如果这是未来可能发生的事，也许我们最好还是活在当下)”结合第四段提到“祖父悖论”使得时间旅行有可能不能实现；第五段以H.G.威尔斯的书为例，表明即使回到过去也有可能遭遇险境，可推知，作者对时间旅行持怀疑态度，故选C。
D
New research suggests that a gene that gverns the bdy's bilgical (circadian) clck acts differently in males versus females and may prtect females frm heart disease. The study is the first t analyze circadian bld pressure rhythms (节奏) in female mice.
The bdy's circadian clck-the bilgical clck that rganizes bdily activities ver a 24-hur perid-cntributes t nrmal variatins in bld pressure and heart functin ver the curse f the day. In mst healthy humans, bld pressure dips (下降) at night. Peple wh d nt experience this temprary drp, called “nn-dippers”, are mre likely t develp heart disease. The circadian clck is made up f fur main prteins (encded by “clck genes”) that regulate clse t half f all genes in the bdy, including thse imprtant fr bld pressure regulatin.
Previus research has shwn that male mice that are missing ne f the fur clck genes (PER1) becme nn-dippers and have a higher risk fr heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian respnse and bld pressure f female mice that lack PER1 and cmpared them with a healthy female cntrl grup. On bth lw-and high-salt diets, bth grups “retained an apparent circadian rhythm” f bld pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previus research, the females withut PER1 shwed nrmal dips in bld pressure vernight.
These results suggest that the lack f PER1 acts differently in males and females. The findings are cnsistent with research shwing that wmen are less likely t be nn-dippers than men f the same age. "This study represents an imprtant step in understanding sex differences in the regulatin f cardivascular (心血管) functin by the circadian clck," the researchers wrte.
32. What des the new research find?
A. Bilgical clck may prtect males frm heart disease.
B. Bilgical bld pressure rhythms in female mice acts nrmally.
C. Bilgical clck rganizes bdily activities ver a 24-hur perid.
D. A gene cntrlling bilgical clck wrks differently between sexes.
33. What rle can circadian clck play accrding t the text?
A. Helping males cure heart disease.
B. Helping bld pressure vary nrmally.
C. Cntributing t abnrmal variatins in bld pressure.
D. Making up fur main prteins regulating almst half f all genes.
34. Which wrd can best replace the underlined wrd “retained” in paragraph 3?
A. treated.B. warned.C. kept.D. watched.
35. What wuld be a suitable title fr the text?
A. One clck gene is imprtantB. Wmen may benefit frm bdy clck
C. New study analyzes bld pressure rhythmsD. Bld pressure f healthy humans dips at night
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that gverns the bdy’s bilgical (circadian) clck acts differently in males versus females and may prtect females frm heart disease.”（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The bdy’s circadian clck-the bilgical clck that rganizes bdily activities ver a 24-hur perid-cntributes t nrmal variatins in bld pressure and heart functin ver the curse f the day.”（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Unlike the male mice in previus research, the females withut PER1 shwed nrmal dips in bld pressure vernight.”（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，此句研究结果与前句表示对比，前句表示在低盐和高盐的饮食中，两组小鼠的血压保持明显的昼夜节律，推测划线单词表示“保持”，与kept同义。故选C项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that gverns the bdy’s bilgical （circadian）clck acts differently in males versus females and may prtect females frm heart disease.”（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are cnsistent with research shwing that wmen are less likely t be nn-dippers than men f the same age.”（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
E
Have yu ever dne smething fr smene else—knwing that yur actins wuld slely benefit THEM and nt YOU? Maybe yu pened a dr r dnated bld r vlunteered in a hspital’s ER during the pandemic. This is called a prscial behavir. Humans engage in these types f behavirs all the time.
But a questin remains in science: Are we the nly species wh d this? As ne f ut clsest relatives, chimpanzees have lng been studied fr signs f this. S far, research has prvided mixed results n the questin.
Sme studies shw that chimps cperatively hunt, share fd and cmfrt each ther. But ne study came t a very different cnclusin. The study used a cntrlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclsures were given tw ptins: push a buttn t give fd t themselves r push the buttn t give fd t themselves AND a partner chimp. If they chse the latter, it was seen as a prscial behavir. But the result is that chimps shwed n special preferences fr feeding themselves and a friend ver feeding just themselves. Anther study cnducted by DeTry, hwever, discvered a ttally different result.
Cmpared t previus cntrlled lab-based experiments, the setup fr DeTry’s research was very naturalistic. “We installed a buttn and a funtain int the chimpanzees’ uter enclsures. When an individual pushes the buttn, it releases juice frm the funtain. Hwever, since the buttn and funtain are apprximately five meters apart, the individual pushing cannt directly drink frm the funtain. And if any ther chimpanzees are at the funtain when the buttn is pushed, they, and nt the pusher, will be able t drink the juice.
In this experiment, chimpanzees shwed a willingness t act in the interest f thers, with individual chimpanzees prepared t push the buttn withut benefiting themselves.
“It is really fascinating t see that many f the chimpanzees were willing t prscially prvide valuable resurces t the grup members even if they culdn’t benefit themselves frm their behavir.” said DeTry.
Further research may reveal what lies behind their prscial mtivatin. But fr nw, it’s safe t assume that chimpanzees are nt simply aping human behavir.
36. Which f the fllwing belngs t prscial behavirs?
A. Jack participated in vluntary wrk in the library just t earn credits.
B. Mark turned t his classmate fr help when feeling stressful in study.
C. Tim guided a lst child back hme n his way t an imprtant jb interview.
D. Rse ften interrupted the teacher t ask questins actively in the math’s class.
37. What is the task f the chimpanzees in the lab-based study?
A. Sharing fd.B. Making a chice.
C. Cmfrting thers.D. Shwing sympathy.
38. Hw is DeTry’s study different frm the previus nes?
A. It was based n cntrlled lab experiment.
B. It gave juice t the chimpanzees as a reward.
C. It ffered the tested chimpanzees a natural surrunding.
D. It prvided a chance fr chimpanzees t help their partners.
39. What can we learn frm DeTry’s qutes?
A. Chimpanzees can develp abilities t help thers.
B. Chimpanzees have acquired many human behavirs.
C. Chimpanzees in the wild is cleverer than thse in the lab.
D. Chimpanzees displayed prscial behavirs fr certain rewards.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亲社会行为的概念和两个研究黑猩猩是否有亲社会行为的实验。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Have yu ever dne smething fr smene else—knwing that yur actins wuld slely benefit THEM and nt YOU?(你是否曾为别人做过什么事——明知你的行为只会让他们受益，而不会让你自己受益？)”和“This is called a prscial behavir.(这被称为亲社会行为)”可知，亲社会行为是指明知你的行为只会让他们受益，而不会让你自己受益的情况下为别人做事的行为，所以选项C“蒂姆在去参加一个重要的工作面试的路上领着一个迷路的孩子回家。”是亲社会行为。故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study used a cntrlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclsures were given tw ptins: push a buttn t give fd t themselves r push the buttn t give fd t themselves AND a partner chimp.(这项研究采用了一项受控实验室实验，在围栏里的黑猩猩被给予两种选择：按下按钮给自己喂食，或按下按钮给自己和伴侣喂食) ”可知，在这项基于实验室的研究中，黑猩猩的任务是做出选择。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Cmpared t previus cntrlled lab-based experiments, the setup fr DeTry’s research was very naturalistic.(与以前的受控实验室实验相比，底特律的研究设置是非常自然的)”和“We installed a buttn and a funtain int the chimpanzees’ uter enclsures.(我们在黑猩猩的外部围栏里安装了一个按钮和一个喷泉)”可知，DeTry的研究不同于之前的研究之处是它为被测试的黑猩猩提供了一个自然环境。故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒第三段“In this experiment, chimpanzees shwed a willingness t act in the interest f thers, with individual chimpanzees prepared t push the buttn withut benefiting themselves.(在这个实验中，黑猩猩表现出了为他人利益而行动的意愿，个别黑猩猩愿意按下按钮，但对自己没有好处) ”和倒第二段中的 “It is really fascinating t see that many f the chimpanzees were willing t prscially prvide valuable resurces t the grup members even if they culdn’t benefit themselves frm their behavir.(看到许多黑猩猩愿意亲社会地为群体成员提供宝贵的资源，即使他们不能从自己的行为中获益，这真的很吸引人) ”可知，我们可以从DeTry的话中了解到黑猩猩也能有亲社会行为，能够发展出帮助他人的能力。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children experience the jy and wnder f new experiences almst daily. Hwever, fr many adults, these emtins get lst in the day t day repetitin f everyday life and rutine. ___40___
Trying new things is gd fr ur brain. It helps us think mre creatively and enhances cnfidence. It als helps us destress in that a new experience can help break harmful r negative rutines. ___41___ We will cnsider things frm new and different perspectives.
It is bvius that trying new things is gd fr ur mental health. ___42___ Participating in new physical activities can imprve ur physical fitness, bst ur energy levels, and enhance ur verall health. Fr example, trying a new sprt r exercise rutine can increase ur flexibility and strength. Having new experiences can als have a psitive impact n ur scial lives. ___43___. When we step ut f ur cmfrt znes and engage in new activities, we· meet peple with different backgrunds and perspectives, which can braden ur hrizns and enrich ur lives. Building new relatinships can prvide us with a sense f belnging.
Still, it can be scary t break rutine and try smething ttally different. ___44___ Start small by breaking a gal int smaller steps. And be very specific abut the gal. Fr example, instead f aiming t wrk n arm strength, make a gal f ding twenty arm curls (弯曲) a day. In additin, be realistic and make sure the gal î s practicable in terms f finances and free time.
While it is easy t get caught up in the daily tiring activities f life, always keep in mind that ding smething new can be the best thing we can d fr urselves. S we’d better make the wise chice.
A. Hwever, it is als gd fr ur bdy.
B. It can help us expand ur scial cnnectins.
C. Luckily there are practical tips t make a change.
D. New experiences are critical fr vercming fears.
E. Ding smething new als prmtes flexible thinking.
F. Every new experience cntributes t ur persnal grwth.
G. And yet new experiences are vital fr ur verall wellbeing.
【答案】40. G 41. E 42. A 43. B 44. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了尝试新事物对人们的好处以及如何开始尝试新事物。
【40题详解】
上文“Children experience the jy and wnder f new experiences almst daily. Hwever, fr many adults, these emtins get lst in the day t day repetitin f everyday life and rutine.(孩子们几乎每天都能体验到新经历带来的快乐和惊奇。然而，对于许多成年人来说，这些情感在日常生活的重复和例行公事中消失了)”提出因为重复和例行公事，能带来快乐和惊奇的新体验从成年人的世界消失了，G选项“And yet, new experiences are vital fr ur verall wellbeing.(然而，新体验对我们的整体福祉至关重要)”与上文构成转折有关系，强调了这些新的体验对整体福祉的重要性，同时引出下文关于尝试新事物的好处的讨论，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【41题详解】
上文“Trying new things is gd fr ur brain. It helps us think mre creatively and enhances cnfidence. It als helps us destress in that a new experience can help break harmful r negative rutines.(尝试新事物对我们的大脑有好处。它帮助我们更有创造性地思考，增强自信。它还能帮助我们减压，因为新体验有助于打破有害或负面的习惯)”说明尝试新事物对大脑的好处。E选项“Ding smething new als prmtes flexible thinking.(做新的事情也能促进灵活的思维)”承接上文，进一步说明了尝试新事物对思维的好处，与上文构成并列关系。同时，下文“We will cnsider things frm new and different perspectives.(我们会从新的和不同的角度来考虑问题)”对E选项观点进行了具体阐述，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【42题详解】
上文“It is bvius that trying new things is gd fr ur mental health.(显而易见，尝试新事物对我们的心理健康有好处)”是对第二段内容和总结，说明尝试新事物对心理健康有益是显而易见的。A选项“Hwever, it is als gd fr ur bdy.(然而，它对我们的身体也有好处)”通过转折词“Hwever”引出下文关于尝试新事物对身体好处的讨论，与上文形成对比。同时，下文“Participating in new physical activities can imprve ur physical fitness, bst ur energy levels, and enhance ur verall health.(参与新的体育活动可以提高我们的身体素质，增强我们的能量水平，并提升我们的整体健康)”是对A选项观点具体论述，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
【43题详解】
上文“Having new experiences can als have a psitive impact n ur scial lives.(拥有新体验也可以对我们的社交生活产生积极影响)”提出新体验对社交生活有益。B选项“It can help us expand ur scial cnnectins.(它可以帮助我们扩大社交联系)”对上文观点进行举例论证，同时引出下文“When we step ut f ur cmfrt znes and engage in new activities, we meet peple with different backgrunds and perspectives, which can braden ur hrizns and enrich ur lives.(当我们走出舒适区，参与新的活动时，我们会遇到不同背景和观点的人，这可以拓宽我们的视野，丰富我们的生活)”对扩大社交联系益处的具体阐述，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
【44题详解】
上文“Still, it can be scary t break rutine and try smething ttally different.(然而，打破常规，尝试一些完全不同的东西可能会很可怕)”指出尝试新事物可能会让人感到害怕。C选项“Luckily there are practical tips t make a change.(幸运的是，有一些实用的技巧可以帮助我们做出改变)”通过“Luckily”引出下文关于如何开始尝试新事物的具体建议，下文“Start small by breaking a gal int smaller steps.(从小事开始，把目标分解成更小的步骤)”建议尝试新事物要从小事开始，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Amy is an wner f a small business with a very beautiful missin. A dll ____45____ since childhd, she has created A Dll Like Me.
The aim f this ____46____ is t create dlls that wuld have the same characteristics as their wners with disabilities r ____47____ cnditins. Amy created such dlls t make the children feel needed and ____48____. T d s, Amy ges ut f her way t make each dll ____49____ the child. Each dll is unique, ____50____ they still have ne thing in cmmn — all dlls wear a smile. Nt nly beautiful, the dlls make a ____51____ in the lives f hundreds f children.
“Typically, parents pay fr the dlls — abut $ 100 with shipping per dll. When they can’t affrd it, I’ll find a way t ____52____ it myself. Whatever it csts, whatever I have t d, I’m ging t get a dll in the ____53____ f these children. ”
A Dll Like Me has prvided ver 300 dlls s far which have been _____54_____ t children all arund the wrld. Amy’s _____55_____ gal is t turn her small business int an fficial nn-prfit rganizatin where every child in need culd get their ne-f-a-kind dll _____56_____.
And many peple are respnding _____57_____ t her missin, as she has already reached $ 38,000 ut f $50, 000 gal n GFund. me. Amy is already cperating with a children’s _____58_____ t make it easier t identify kids whse well-being culd be _____59_____ by a stuffed ty which lks just like them!
45. A. designerB. creatrC. cllectrD. trader
46. A. prjectB. ideaC. researchD. technlgy
47. A. rareB. gdC. ripeD. extreme
48. A. tiredB. availableC. pwerfulD. included
49. A. wrk withB. lk likeC. acceptD. recgnize
50. A. yetB. sC. becauseD. r
51. A. wishB. dealC. planD. difference
52. A. winB. cverC. sellD. use
53. A. friendsB. eyesC. handsD. dreams
54. A. awardedB. shippedC. returnedD. mentined
55. A. penB. cmmnC. finalD. cmmercial
56. A. in persnB. fr funC. free f chargeD. full f hpe
57. A. calmlyB. hnestlyC. plitelyD. kindly
58. A. schlB. tyshpC. shelterD. hspital
59. A. spnsredB. imprvedC. guaranteedD. supprted
【答案】45. C 46. A 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. C 57. D 58. D 59. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了Amy创建的一个“像我一样的娃娃”的公司项目，为残疾的或有罕见疾病的孩子定制跟孩子有相同特征的娃娃，使孩子感到自己被需要、被包容，从而对其生活产生积极影响。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她从小就是娃娃收藏家，她创建了“像我一样的娃娃”（这个项目）。A. designer设计师；B. creatr创造者；C. cllectr收藏家；D. trader商人。根据句中的since childhd可推知，Amy从小收藏洋娃娃，是一个洋娃娃收藏家（cllectr）。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个项目的目的是创造出与残疾或罕见疾病的主人具有相同特征的娃娃。A. prject项目；B. idea理念；C. research研究；D. technlgy技术。根据第一段“Amy is an wner f a small business with a very beautiful missin. A dll ____1____ since childhd, she has created A Dll Like Me. (艾米是一家小公司的老板，她有一个非常美好的使命。她从小就是娃娃收藏家，她创建了‘像我一样的娃娃’（这个项目）。)”可知，Amy的公司有一个项目，A Dll Like Me，这是一个为患残疾或罕见病的孩子制作洋娃娃的项目（prject）。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个项目的目的是创造出与残疾或罕见疾病的主人具有相同特征的娃娃。A. rare稀有的；B. gd好的；C. ripe成熟的；D. extreme极端的。根据下文“A Dll Like Me has prvided ver 300 dlls s far which have been ____10____ t children all arund the wrld. Amy’s ____11____ gal is t turn her small business int an fficial nn-prfit rganizatin where every child in need culd get their ne-f-a-kind dll ____12____. (到目前为止，‘像我这样的娃娃’这个项目已经提供了300多个娃娃，这些娃娃已经被运送到世界各地的孩子们手中。)”可知，世界各地生病的孩子有很多，不是生病的孩子就可以得到娃娃，说明得到娃娃的是患有罕见（rare）疾病的孩子。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：艾米创造这样的娃娃是为了让孩子们感到被需要和被包容。A. tired疲惫的；B. available可用的；C. pwerful强大的；D. included包括在内的。根据上一句“The aim f this ____2____ is t create dlls that wuld have the same characteristics as their wners with disabilities r ____3____ cnditins. (这个项目的目的是创造出与残疾或罕见疾病的主人具有相同特征的娃娃。)”可知，身患残疾或某些罕见疾病的孩子，身体特征与其他孩子不同，下文“T d s, Amy ges ut f her way t make each dll ____5____ the child. Each dll is unique, ____6____ they still have ne thing in cmmn — all dlls wear a smile.( 艾米想尽办法让每个娃娃看起来都像这个孩子。每个娃娃都是独一无二的，但它们有一个共同点——所有的娃娃都带着微笑。)”可知，这些娃娃的身体特征和生病的或者残疾的孩子一样，使孩子产生同理心，通过陪伴娃娃，孩子产生被需要和被包容的感觉，从而开心起来。included符合语境。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：艾米想尽办法让每个娃娃看起来都像这个孩子。A. wrk with与……共事；B. lk like看起来像；C. accept接受；D. recgnize识别。根据第一段“The aim f this ____2____ is t create dlls that wuld have the same characteristics as their wners with disabilities r ____3____ cnditins. (这个项目的目的是创造出与残疾或罕见疾病的主人具有相同特征的娃娃。)”可知，Amy制作的娃娃的身体特征像（lk like）定制娃娃的孩子。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：每个娃娃都是独一无二的，但它们有一个共同点——所有的娃娃都带着微笑。A. yet然而；B. s所以；C. because因为；D. r或。根据上文“The aim f this ____2____ is t create dlls that wuld have the same characteristics as their wners with disabilities r ____3____ cnditins. Amy created such dlls t make the children feel needed and ____4____. (这个项目的目的是创造出与残疾或罕见疾病的主人具有相同特征的娃娃。艾米创造这样的娃娃是为了让孩子们感到被需要和被包容。)”可知，那些孩子有疾病或者残疾，可能生活中感到孤独，被排挤，导致心情不好，根据本句中all dlls wear a smile，上下文为转折关系，yet符合语境。故选A项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些娃娃不仅漂亮，还改变了数百个孩子的生活。A. wish希望；B. deal交易；C. plan计划；D. difference差异。根据上文“Amy created such dlls t make the children feel needed and ____4____. (艾米创造这样的娃娃是为了让孩子们感到被需要和被包容。)”可知，拥有娃娃以后的孩子感受到被需要，被包容，对孩子产生了好的影响。此处考查动词短语make a difference，意为“有影响，有关系”。故选D项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们付不起的时候，我会想办法自己支付。 A. win赢；B. cver支付；C. sell出售；D. use使用。根据上文“Typically, parents pay fr the dlls-abut $ 100 with shipping per dll. (通常情况下，父母支付每个娃娃大约100美元的运费。)”，以及本句中的When they can’t affrd it，可知，Amy帮助无支付能力的父母买单，cver符合语境。故选B项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论付出什么代价，无论我必须做什么，我都要让这些孩子们手里有一个娃娃。A. friends朋友；B. eyes眼睛；C. hands手；D. dreams梦想。根据下文“Amy’s ____11____ gal is t turn her small business int an fficial nn-prfit rganizatin where every child in need culd get their ne-f-a-kind dll ____12____. (艾米的最终目标是把她的小生意变成一个正式的非营利组织，每个有需要的孩子都可以免费得到他们独一无二的玩具。)”可知，这个项目的目标是每个有需要的孩子手头（hand）都有一个娃娃。故选C项。
54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，“像我这样的娃娃”（这个项目）已经提供了300多个娃娃，这些娃娃已经被运送到世界各地的孩子们手中。A. awarded授予；B. shipped发货；C. returned返回；D. mentined提及。根据句中的children all arund the wrld可知，需要娃娃的孩子来自世界各地，故Amy把完成了的娃娃运送（shipped）出去。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：艾米的最终目标是把她的小生意变成一个正式的非营利组织，每个有需要的孩子都可以免费得到他们独一无二的玩具。A. pen开放的；B. cmmn普通的；C. final最终的；D. cmmercial商业的。根据句中的turn her small business int an fficial nn-prfit rganizatin可知，把“像我这样的娃娃”（这个项目）做大做强，发展成正式的非营利组织是Amy的终极（final）目标。故选C项。
【56题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：艾米的最终目标是把她的小生意变成一个正式的非营利组织，每个有需要的孩子都可以免费得到他们独一无二的玩具。A. in persn亲自；B. fr fun为了好玩；C. free f charge免费；D. full f hpe充满希望。根据上文“Typically, parents pay fr the dlls — abut $ 100 with shipping per dll. When they can’t affrd it, I’ll find a way t ____8____ it myself. (通常情况下，父母会支付每个娃娃大约100美元的运费。他们付不起的时候，我会想办法自己支付。)”可知，起步阶段，每个娃娃是收费的，根据本句中nn-prfit rganizatin，Amy希望可以在将来能让有需求的孩子免费（free f charge）得到一个娃娃。故选C项。
【57题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：许多人都对她的任务做出了友好的回应，因为她已经在GFund.me上（筹到）了5万美元的目标中的3.8万美元。A. calmly冷静地；B. hnestly诚实地；C. plitely礼貌地；D. kindly友善地。根据本句后半句可知，Amy的目标为5万美元，现在已经达到3.8万，说明很多人对这事很友善（kindly），愿意帮忙。故选D项。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾米已经在和一家儿童医院合作，以更容易识别出那些健康状况可以通过一个看起来像他们的填充玩具来改善的孩子！A. schl学校；B. tyshp玩具店；C. shelter庇护所；D. hspital医院。根据上文“The aim f this ____2____ is t create dlls that wuld have the same characteristics as their wners with disabilities r ____3____ cnditins. (这个项目的目的是创造出与残疾或罕见疾病的主人具有相同特征的娃娃。)”可知，得到娃娃的孩子身患罕见疾病或残疾，这些孩子可能会在儿童医院（hspital）。故选D项。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾米已经在和一家儿童医院合作，以更容易识别出那些健康状况可以通过一个看起来像他们的填充玩具来改善的孩子！A. spnsred赞助；B. imprved改进；C. guaranteed保证；D. supprted支持。根据上文“The aim f this ____2____ is t create dlls that wuld have the same characteristics as their wners with disabilities r ____3____ cnditins. Amy created such dlls t make the children feel needed and ____4____. (这个项目的目的是创造出与残疾或罕见疾病的主人具有相同特征的娃娃。艾米创造这样的娃娃是为了让孩子们感到被需要和被包容。)”，“Nt nly beautiful, the dlls make a ____7____ in the lives f hundreds f children. (这些娃娃不仅漂亮，还改变了数百个孩子的生活。)”可知，因为这些娃娃的陪伴，这些生病的或者残疾的孩子内心有被需要、被包容的感觉，从而影响其心情，改善了（imprved）健康状况。故选B项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Shadw puppetry (皮影戏), als called shadw play, gt___60___ (it) start thusands f years ag in China and India. This unique frm f strytelling is the___61___ (ld) type f puppetry in the wrld .
Shadw puppets are figures that___62___ (place) between a light and a screen. Mving them creates the illusin (假象) f mving pictures n the screen. ___63___experienced puppeteer can make figures appear t walk, talk, fight and dance.
China, India, Indnesia and Turkey have been very imprtant in the___64___ (develp) f this art frm ver time. The types f stries___65___ (tell) with shadw puppetry vary frm cuntry t cuntry.
Fr example, in China, shadw plays are usually based n Chinese flk tales.
Traditinal Chinese shadw puppets are made ut f animal skin. Tday, yu might see different kinds f shadw puppets, many f___66___als cntain paper, plastic, wd r clth. There’s really n end t hw creative puppeteers can be when___67___ (make) their puppets.
Shadw puppets are usually cnstructed frm separate___68___ (piece) that are then put tgether with strings r wires. The strings r wires are usually attached____69____lng sticks that the puppeteer will use t cntrl the mvement f the puppet.
【答案】60. its
61. ldest 62. are placed
63. An 64. develpment
65. tld 66. which
67. making 68. pieces
69. t
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统艺术皮影戏的特点，发展以及制作等等。
【60题详解】
考查代词。句意：皮影戏，也叫影子戏，几千年前在中国和印度开始。由空后start为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词，作定语修饰该名词。故填its。
【61题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这种独特的讲故事方式是世界上最古老的木偶戏。根据句意以及提示词为形容词和句中的in the wrld可知，此处为形容词最高级the ldest“最古老的”作定语修饰type f puppetry。故填ldest。
【62题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：皮影木偶是放置在灯光和屏幕之间的人物。此处为定语从句中谓语动词的填入，该句为阐述客观事实，为一般现在时，结合主语figures为复数名词和动词place为被动关系，所以为一般现在时的被动语态，be动词使用are。故填are placed。
【63题详解】
考查冠词。句意：一个有经验的木偶师可以使木偶看起来像走路、说话、打架和跳舞。根据句意以及空后puppeteer为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一个有经验的木偶师”，结合experienced为元音音素单开头的词，所以用不定冠词an。故填An。
【64题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，中国、印度、印度尼西亚和土耳其对这种艺术形式的发展非常重要。由空前the为定冠词可知，此处为名词形式，和f后的this art形成所属关系。故填develpment。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：皮影戏讲述的故事类型因国家而异。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰stries，stries和tell为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填tld。
【66题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：今天，你可能会看到不同种类的皮影，其中许多还包含纸，塑料，木头或布。分析句子可知，此处为many f后接关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词shadw puppets在从句中作介词f的宾语成分。故填which。
【67题详解】
考查状语从句的省略用法。句意：在制作木偶时，木偶师的创造力是无穷无尽的。分析句子可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略用法，当主从句主语一致时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处为省略从句主语puppeteers和be动词are，make和puppeteers为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填making。
【68题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：皮影戏通常由分开的部分组成，然后用绳子或电线组合在一起。根据定语从句中谓语动词are可知，此处为名词复数形式。故填pieces。
【69题详解】
考查介词。句意：绳子或电线通常连接在长棒上，木偶操纵者将用它来控制木偶的运动。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be attached t“被固定在……上”，t是介词。故填t。
第四部分 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据首字母提示填空，每空一词。
70. In that special year, all the dctrs fught against the virus with great curage and d_________.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】determinatin## eterminatin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词句意：在那个特殊一年里，所有的医生都以极大的勇气和决心与病毒作斗争。根据前面的“all the dctrs fught against the virus with great curage”可知，此处指的是勇气与决心。“决心”为determinatin，为不可数名词。故填determinatin。
71. As a matter f fact, I have never thught f myself as a f________ even thugh my studies seem t make n prgress. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】failure##ailure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，我从来没有认为自己是一个失败者，即使我的研究似乎没有取得进展。根据单词首字母以及句意可知，此处应用名词failure，意为“失败”，空前有不定冠词，所以此处使用名词单数。故填failure。
72. Why am I still cughing after q_________ smking? (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】quitting## uitting
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：为什么我戒烟后还咳嗽？根据前句“我还咳嗽”可知，此处指的是“戒烟之后”。quit意为“停止，戒掉”，谓语介词之后，所以用动名词。故填quitting。
73. After a lng jurney, I have hardly enugh s_________ left t mve my feet. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】strength## trength
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：长途旅行之后，我几乎没有力气移动我的脚了。根据前句的“长途旅行之后”可知，此处指的是“我没有力气移动我的脚”。strength意为“力气，力量”为不可数名词，作宾语，故填strength。
74. It’s nt nly a great r__________ but als a great hnr t hld the Olympic Games. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】respnsibility##espnsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：举办奥运会不仅是一项重大的责任，也是一项巨大的荣誉。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为名词respnsibility“责任”作表语，满足句意要求。故填respnsibility。
75. He was the nly s___________ f the car accident that happened last night. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】survivr##urvivr
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他是昨晚发生的车祸的唯一幸存者。根据句意和首字母可知，空处应用名词survivr“幸存者”作表语，为可数名词，由“He was the nly”可知，用单数形式。故填survivr。
76. In rder t remve her a__________ abut the exam, the teacher advised her t listen t sme sft music.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】anxiety##nxiety
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：为了消除她对考试的焦虑，老师建议她听一些轻音乐。根据首字母提和句意可知，空处应填名词anxiety“焦虑”作宾语，为不可数名词。故填anxiety。
77. In tday’s highly c_________ jb market, it’s imprtant t have a strng skill set if yu want t stand ut. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】cmpetitive##mpetitive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在当今竞争激烈的就业市场上，如果你想脱颖而出，拥有强大的技能是很重要的。根据常识可知，“当今的就业市场是激烈的”。cmpetitive意为“激烈的”，作定语修饰jb market。故填cmpetitive。
78. The gvernment and related departments shuld find a suitable s__________ t the prblem. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】slutin##lutin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府和相关部门应该找到一个合适的解决方案。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为名词slutin“解决方案”作宾语，满足句意要求。故填slutin。
79. Yesterday, we had an exciting a___________ explring the abandned cave nearby. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】adventure## dventure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：昨天，我们进行了一次令人兴奋的冒险，探索了附近的一个废弃洞穴。根据空格后的“explring the abandned cave nearby(探索了附近的一个废弃洞穴)”可知，此处指的是“我们进行了一次令人兴奋的冒险”；“adventure”意为“冒险”，为可数名词，此处用单数作宾语。故填adventure。
第五部分 句子翻译(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
根据中文提示和括号中的要求，在横线上填上恰当的短语或句子，使句意完整。
80. 一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。
Once I started thinking abut fitness _______________, things began t change.
【答案】rather than weight
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和名词。根据汉语句子可知，设空处对应“而不是”用短语“rather than”表达，表示“体重”为weight，作宾语，rather than连接两个名词。故填rather than weight。
81. 指导老师建议我报名参加高级文学课。
My adviser recmmended that ______________________ advanced literature.
【答案】I (shuld) sign up fr
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和虚拟语气。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“我报名参加”，位于that引导的宾语从句中，从句主语为I，结合句意“报名参加”短语为sign up fr，recmmend后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(shuld)+动词原形”，shuld可以省略。故填I (shuld) sign up fr。
82. 花费太多时间上网不健康，也让人难以把精力集中在生活的其他事物上。
Spending t much time n line is unhealthy and makes________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ther things in life.
【答案】 ①. it ②. difficult/hard ③. t ④. fcus/cncentrate ⑤. n
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和动词短语。分析句子可知，此处是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，用it作形式宾语，“困难的”用形容词difficult/hard作宾语补足语，“集中精力于”使用动词短语fcus/cncentrate n，用不定式形式作真正的宾语，故填①it②difficult/hard③t④fcus/cncentrate⑤n。
83. 尤其令人称奇的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。
_______________ (倒装句) the Incas’ dry stne methd f building.
【答案】Especially amazing is
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。根据提示，本句为倒装句，结合句意，句子的表语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装；表示“尤其”为especially作状语，修饰作表语的形容词“令人称奇的”amazing，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，单数名词the Incas’ dry stne methd f building作主语，系动词用is，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Especially amazing is。
84. 部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众挖出来，并掩埋了死者。
The army sent 150, 000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse _______________ (定语从句) and t bury the dead.
【答案】wh were trapped
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。根据提示和句意，此处为定语从句修饰先行词thse，在从句作主语，指人，故用wh引导；表示“被困”应用be trapped，结合上文sent可知为一般过去时，谓语与先行词保持一致，用复数。故填wh were trapped。
第六部分 书面表达(共1小题，满分15分)
85. 假设你是李华，某国际学校学生会主席，你校将于下周五举行主题为 “Living Legends in My Heart”的英语演讲比赛，请你以学生会的名义写一则书面通知。
内容要点：1. 比赛的时间，地点；
2.参赛要求；
3.报名方式。
注意：
1. 词数80词左右；2. 可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Ntice
We are excited t annunce the upcming English speech cntest themed “Living Legends in My Heart”, which is scheduled t take place next Friday in the lecture hall.
This cntest aims t enhance ur public speaking skills. Anyne interested in it is welcme. Participants are required t deliver a speech f n mre than 5 minutes, fcusing n an inspiring figure wh makes a significant impact n yu. Anyne frm a Nbel laureate t a lcal her can be the chsen legend. T sign up, please submit yur name, class, and the title f yur speech t the Student Unin by this Friday.
Lking frward t yur active participatin.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校下周五将将举行的主题为“Living Legends in My Heart”的英语演讲比赛写一则通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：cntest→ cmpetitin
要求：require→ request
高兴的：excited→ thrilled
重要的：significant→ crucial
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Anyne interested in it is welcme.
拓展句：Anyne wh is interested in it is welcme.
【点睛】【高分句型1】We are excited t annunce the upcming English speech cntest themed “Living Legends in My Heart”, which is scheduled t take place next Friday in the lecture hall.（运用了过去分词作定语以及which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Participants are required t deliver a speech f n mre than 5 minutes, fcusing n an inspiring figure wh makes a significant impact n yu.（运用了wh引导的定语从句）