人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists优秀一课一练

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重点单词
1．frustrate vt.使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧→ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→ adj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的→ n．懊丧；懊恼；沮丧
2．infect vt.使感染；传染→ n．感染；传染
3．prve vt.证明→ n证据；证明；检验
4．intervene vt.介入；出面；干涉→ n．介入；出面；干涉
5．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→ vt.使纯净；使洁净
6．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→ adv.开始；最初
7．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→ n．防御；防务
8．lead v．领导；导致；通向→n． 领导者→n ．领导；领导地位；领导才能→ adj.最重要的；一流的
9．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→ adv.稳定地；坚固地
10．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→ adv.生动地
二．重点短语
1． 最终地；彻底地
2． 总的来说
3． 同意；赞同
4. 幸亏；由于
5. 处理；应对；涉及；与……打交道
6． 依靠；信赖；取决于
7． 履行；执行
8． 平静下来
9. 突然开始；爆发
10． 主管；掌管
11．cme dwn
12．abve all
基础巩固
一、单词拼写
1．Mre than frty (杰出的) yung singers frm eight cuntries have been chsen fr this year’s art festival. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
2．T get alng well with thers, we must learn t (处理) cnflicts calmly and wisely. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
3．He was nt displeased at the way he had (处理) the prblem. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
二、完成句子
4．Small clr chices are the nes we (非常熟悉的). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
5．Peple wh (接受挑战) were thse wh were determined and perseverant. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
6．Stephen Hawking (同意) the big bang thery frm the beginning.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
7．The ht weather is partly (对……负有责任) the water shrtage. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
8．Fr sme peple, the ability t achieve smething (与……紧密相关) their attitudes. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
三、翻译
9．似乎习惯早起的学生成绩最好。(汉译英)
能力拓展
四、完形填空
William Thmsn
William Thmsn was brn n 26 June, 1824. in Belfast He was taught by his father, a prfessr f mathematics. In 1832, the family mved t Glasgw where Thmsn attended university at the age f 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became prfessr f natural philsphy in Glasgw, a pst he 10 fr mre than 50 years.
In Glasgw, Thmsn 11 the first physics labratry in Britain. He was a pineer in many different 12 , particularly electrmagnetism（电磁学） and thermdynamics（热力学）. 13 Faraday, he was respnsible fr the intrductin f the cncept f an electrmagnetic field 14 Thmsn develped the wrk f the 15 f the subject, Niclas Carnt and James Jule. One f the mst 16 results f his wrk was his idea f an abslute zer f temperature-the scale based n this is named 17 him.
Thrughut his wrk Thmsn’s main gal was the practical use f science. He achieved 18 thrugh his wrk n submarine telegraphy, a majr practical prblem f the day. He was 19 as a scientific adviser in the laying f the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866，fr which he was knighted in 1866. His 20 in marine issues als inspired him t develp a mariners’ cmpass and 21 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his huse in Glasgw was the first t be 22 by electric light.
Thmsn was raised t the nblemen with the 23 f Barn Kelvin f Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flwed near Glasgw University and he was president f the ryal Sciety frm 1890 t 1895. He died n 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Sctland and was 24 in Westminster Abbey.
10．A．sughtB．cnfirmedC．heldD．admired
11．A．tk upB．brke upC．set upD．blew up
12．A．fieldsB．cuntriesC．labsD．clleges
13．A．In spite fB．Except frC．Tgether withD．Regardless f
14．A．whichB．whenC．hwD．where
15．A．learnersB．pineersC．cmpetitrsD．leaders
16．A．imprtantB．bviusC．frtunateD．psitive
17．A．frB．withC．afterD．n
18．A．wealthB．fameC．cntributinD．enthusiasm
19．A．cnsideredB．attractedC．emplyedD．accused
20．A．hbbyB．desireC．successD．interest
21．A．perateB．inventC．cntrlD．prduce
22．A．litB．builtC．decratedD．equipped
23．A．titleB．nameC．hnrD．award
24．A．buriedB．respectedC．admittedD．preserved
五、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One f the premier medical 25 (scientist) in the 21st century is Zhng Nanshan. Brn in 1936 and 26 (graduate) frm Peking University Health Science Center, this rdinary but great man has been wrking in the medical field fr ver 40 years. He is a gd dctr in the patients’ eyes and 27 kind medical prfessr in his students’ as well.
In 2003, SARS brke 28 in China and acrss the glbe. Zhng Nanshan nt nly led but als 29 (take) an active part in the battle against SARS. At that time mst peple had n 30 (nature) defense against the disease. Dangerus 31 it was, Zhng Nanshan wrked hard treating SARS patients. Meanwhile he underlined the fact 32 teamwrk amng natins culd save lives. Thrugh 33 (they) several mnths’ hard wrk, Zhng Nanshan and his wrkmates achieved remarkable achievements. Sn SARS 34 (wipe) ut.
六、阅读理解
Luis Pasteur was a wrld-famus French chemist and bilgist.
He is particularly famus fr his wrk n rabies vaccine（狂犬病疫苗）. The rabies virus enters the bdy thrugh the bite f an infected animal r thrugh infected saliva entering an existing wund. After experimenting with the saliva f animals suffering frm the disease, Pasteur cncluded that the disease rests in the central nervus system f the bdy. By studying the tissues f infected animals--rabbits, Pasteur was able t prduce a frm f the virus. This culd be used fr inculatin（接种）.
On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his pie vaccine n a man fr the first time. He saved the life f a yung man called Jseph Meister wh had been bitten by a rabid dg. Pasteur was urged t treat him with his new methd. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recvered and remained healthy. Since then thusands have been saved by this treatment.
On March 1886， Pasteur was invited t present his results t the Academy f Sciences and in 1888 went n t fund the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pineering clinic fr the study f infectius diseases, the treatment f rabies and a centre fr teaching. Pasteur directed the institute persnally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still ne f the mst imprtant centres in the wrld.
Pasteur became a natinal her and was hnred in many ways. He died at Saint-Clud n September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral f Ntre Dame.
Mdificatins f the Pasteur methd are still used in rabies treatment tday. A newer vaccine which cntains the virus prepared frm human cells grwn in the labratry is safer and requires a shrter curse f injectins.
35．A persn can develp rabies .
A．if he is bitten by a rabbit
B．if he tuches infected saliva
C．if infected saliva enters his wund
D．if he tuches an infected animal
36．Rabies prbably can destry a persn’s .
A．nervus systemB．bld
C．skinD．saliva
37．What can we learn abut Pasteur's test f his vaccine n the man？
A．The man was sent t a clinic ten days later.
B．It didn’t save the man's life.
C．It prved t be a great success.
D．The man was his secnd patient.
38．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is ut f date
B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested n patients.
C．Injectins f vaccine still take much time.
D．Much imprvement has been made n rabies vaccine.
Berlin-based Green City Slutins believes its mss (苔藓) walls, called CityTrees, which are abut 4 m2 in size, can filter (过滤) up t 80% f pllutin particles (微粒) ut f the air, including the tiny nes linked t lung diseases.
The walls cllect rainwater, which is pumped thrugh a watering system t the plants using slar energy. These als drive fans t increase airflw thrugh the plants. As a result, the cmpany says its prduct filters 3,500 m3 f air an hur, which is equal t the ttal amunt f air breathed by 7,000 peple in that time.
Alisn Haynes at the University f Wllngng and her clleagues recently lked at hw effectively mss and trees reduced pllutin. They fund that mss was up t fur times better at trapping particles than the native Australian tree.
But this desn’t mean mss walls will necessarily prtect peple frm pllutin at busy bus stps, says Zran Ristvski at the Queensland University f Technlgy. In a small rm, a mss wall nly needs t filter a relatively small amunt f new air each hur, but tens r hundreds f times this amunt f air is pushed past by buses, he says. Therefre, a mss wall in a street is unlikely t make any difference.
Different slutins will be needed, says Ruby Michael at Griffith University. Where streets are crwded with tall buildings n bth sides, she says, tree planting can backfire (适得其反) because trees can reduce airflw and therefre mss walls may be a better ptin.
Cities are unlikely t rush t replace their trees just yet. “It’s imprtant t remember that street trees prvide a whle hst f ther benefits, including habitat fr urban wildlife, shelter frm the sun fr peple n the street, and reductin f urban heat islands,” says Michael.
39．What is the main functin f CityTrees?
A．Reusing rainwater.
B．Curing lung diseases.
C．Imprving air quality.
D．Greening urban areas.
40．What des Zran Ristvski say abut mss walls?
A．They wrk better n busy streets.
B．They are suitable fr dmestic use.
C．They may fail t serve their purpse.
D．They are unlikely t tackle terrible traffic.
41．Which f the fllwing might Ruby Michael agree with?
A．Street trees cause urban heat islands.
B．Building CityTrees is at the tp f the list.
C．Mss walls arund tall buildings shuld be remved.
D．Measures shuld be adpted accrding t lcal cnditins.
42．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．A better slutin t air pllutin.
B．A new path twards healthier air.
C．The big benefits f adpting mss walls.
D．The cmparisn between mss and trees.
Things Yu Shuld Stp Ding t Be Successful
Are yu a happy persn？ Hw ften d yu think f reasns why everyne arund yu is successful thugh they are nt better than yu in general? What d yu d wrng? Here are sme things yu shuld stp ding t be successful.
• 43
Different peple may interpret “success” in different ways: sme f them measure it in mney, and ther nes in psitive changes t peple arund them and the wrld in general. 44 Dn’t wrry abut what ther peple think but care abut what makes yu happy.
•D nt believe anything withut questining it.
45 They are critical thinkers, and they understand that we all are ruled by ur prejudices, s they will always questin new infrmatin.
•D nt wrry abut all unpredictable things that may happen t yu.
If yu want t be successful, stp thinking abut everything that may happen t yu. 46 Be ready t imprve and change yur deeds and decisins when things suddenly dn't g accrding t yur plan.
•D nt care abut what ther peple think f yu.
47 Yur attempts t becme “gd” fr everyne will turn int nthing but new wrries, stresses, and prblems Successful peple d nt cncentrate n the quantity f peple t please, but wrry abut their quality and fcus n develping friendships with peple they really care abut.
A．D nt wait fr the right time" t d anything.
B．D nt let thers decide what success" is fr yu.
C．Successful peple d nt just accept any new infrmatin t be true.
D．As far as we all knw, it's impssible t please all the peple wh surrund us.
E．Try t feel cmfrtable with the reality and accept the fact that yur future can’t be predicted.
F．If yu want t be successful, d nt let thers frce their Interpretatin f success n yu.
G．Successful peple never ignre r avid prblems, n matter hw big and awful they seem.