牛津译林版九年级英语上册单元速记•巧练Unit4【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)

这是一份牛津译林版九年级英语上册单元速记•巧练Unit4【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)，共54页。
Unit 4 Growing up 考点1 on one’s mind“挂在心上；烦恼。”[教材原句]　What’s on your mind, Eddie?【精讲】短语on one’s mind意思是“（有事）挂在心上；烦恼。”e.g.Don’t bother him.He’s got a lot on his mind. 别打扰他了。他烦心事够多了。【拓展】mind 固定搭配on one’s mind 挂在心上，惦念 change one’s mind 改变主意make up one’s mind 做出决定 keep ...in mind 将.....记在心上in one’s mind 在某人脑海里 out of one’s mind 忘了 【经典练】1.Could you tell me ?A.what’s on your mind B.where does he liveC.what your mind was on D.where he lived in【写作佳句】He makes up his mind to improve his math.他下决心提高他的数学。考点2 What’s up?=What’s wrong? 怎么了？【精讲】寒暄语“最近怎么样？”类似的表达”How are you doing?”你看起来很沮丧，怎么了？我的手机丢了（翻译句子）【经典练】—You look down. ________________? —My mobile phone is missing.【答案】What’s up? /What’s wrong? /What’s the matter? /What happened? 考点3 one [教材原句]Build another one for yourself.【精讲】代词one, it和that的辨析：1)that指前文所提过的同类事物,一般用于比较句中，e.g.The weather in Beijing is different from that in Shanghai.2）it指前文所提到的同一个事物， e.g.I had a nice pen,but I lost it.3）one指的是前文所提到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一，e.g.I had a nice pen,but I lost it yesterday.So I bought a new one this morning.【拓展】1.习语one after another意为“一个接一个地”“相继地”“依次地”，在句中主要用作状语。Planes took off one after another. 飞机陆续起飞。One after another all his plans have failed. 他的计划都一一失败了。2.another one 与 the other one 区别Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。（表泛指）Give me the other (one). 给我另外那个。（表特指）【经典练】This pair of binoculars ________ old. Please buy me ________, Mum.A.is； another one B.are； another pair C.is； another pair D.are； another one【写作佳句】（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）Promises are easily made, but not easily kept.Once you make one, be sure to keep it.承诺容易许下，遵守却不容易。一旦你做出了决定，一定要守诺。 考点4 not...until 直到......才......[教材原句]Don’t wake me up until you finish building it.【精讲】1)not...until 直到......才......e.g.I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.e.g.He didn’t have lunch until his mother came back.2)wake sb. up 叫醒某人，人称代词放中间；形容词 awake 醒着的3)finish doing sth. 结束做某事finish doing my homework 完成我的作业知识点5、There’s a great deal of information. 有大量的信息。a great deal of意为“许多、大量”，用来修饰不可数名词拓展：plenty of 修饰可数名词或者不可数名词a lot of/lots of 修饰可数名词或者不可数名词a number of/numbers of 修饰可数名词【拓展】deal v. 处理，应付deal with 对付，应付，处理【经典练】1．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Gu Ailing worked ________ hard ________ she got excellent achievements at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.A．not only … but also B．such ... that C．not ... until D．so … that2.I need _____ money. Would you please lend me______?A.a great deal, some B.a great deal of, someC.a great deal, any D.a great deal of, any【写作佳句】The policeman asked the child not to cross the street until the traffic lights turned green.警察让这个小孩等到交通灯变绿才可以过马路。 考点5 much+比较级[教材原句] He was very small — much smaller than the other kids at school.【精讲】比较级前可以加much, a little, quite, even等副词表示程度或加强比较。 e.g. Shanghai is much bigger than my hometown. 上海比我的家乡大多了。【经典练】1．—Is Ted as heavy as Jack?    —No, Ted is ________ than Jack.A．much heavier B．more heavy C．much more heavy D．more heavier【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Jim can carry the heavy box because he is much stronger than the others in his class.吉姆能搬动这个重箱子，因为他比班上其他人强壮得多。 考点6 attend 参加[教材原句] While attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team.【精讲】(1) attend junior high 上初中(2) try out for sth. 参加……选拔e.g. Why don’t you try out for the school basketball team? 你为何不参加学校篮球选拔赛呢？【经典练】1．（2023·河北衡水·统考二模）Linda and Dave are busy practicing running these days. They the sports meeting.A．have attended B．attend C．will attend D．were attending【写作佳句】（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）He has learned Chinese by himself since he has attended college.自从上大学以来，他就自学中文。 考点6 lose heart 泄气，灰心[教材原句] He did not lose heart.【精讲】lose heart 泄气，灰心e.g. When you fail, you should never lose heart. 当你失败时，不应该丧失信心。【拓展】lose face 丢脸，丢面子 lose interest in 对...... 失去兴趣lose one’s job 失业 lose one’s way 迷路【经典练】1．（2018·甘肃天水·统考中考真题）----________ ! Hope is always around you.----. Thank you, Miss Liu.A．Don’t thank goodness B．Don’t be lazyC．Never lose heart D．Never be confident【写作佳句】（2023·河北唐山·统考二模）Don’t lose your heart. If you keep working hard, you will succeed some day.不要灰心。如果你继续努力，总有一天你会成功的。 考点7 change one’s mind 改变主意[教材原句]He practised even harder and got the coach to change his mind.【精讲】change one’s mind 改变主意e.g. Nothing will make me change my mind. 什么都不能让我改变主意。【拓展】mind 作为动词用法mind  v. 对（某事）烦恼，苦恼，焦虑；介意I don't mind the cold—it's the rain I don't like. 冷我不在乎，我是讨厌下雨。I hope you don't mind the noise. 希望你不介意这声音。 Do you mind if I open the window? 我开开窗户好吗？ mind doing sth 介意做某事Did she mind not getting the job? 她没得到这份工作是不是很介意？ Do your parents mind your leaving home? 你父母舍得你离开家吗？ not mind doing sth =  to be willing to do sth 愿意做；乐意做I don't mind helping if you can't find anyone else. 如果你找不到别人，我乐意帮忙。 【经典练】1.No matter how times change, ________ spirit of Lei Feng will never be outdated.A．a B．an C．the【写作佳句】—I heard you changed your mind the last minute. 我听说你最后一刻改变主意了。——格林女士说的话起了作用。 考点8 succeed[教材原句]As a result, he succeeded in getting a scholarship.【精讲】句中的succeed是不及物动词，短语succeed in doing something意思是“在……达到目的，实现目标”。e.g. He succeeded in getting a place at art school. 他被美术学校录取了。【拓展】success  n. 成功；胜利；发财；成名What's the secret of your success? 你成功的秘诀是什么？ I didn't have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。successful  adj.  达到目的；有成效的；成功的They were successful in winning the contract. 他们终于争取到了那份合同。 I wasn't very successful at keeping the news secret. 我没能把这条消息严格保密。 successfully  adv. 成功地He passed the test successfully. 他成功地通过了测验。【经典练】1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）I’m not sure if you ________ in the exam, but you’ll get better grades if you ________ harder.A．will succeed, study B．will successfully, study C．succeed, will work【写作佳句】You’ll succeed unless you give up halfway.除非你半途而废，否则你会成功的。 考点9 although conj. 尽管，虽然[教材原句]Although he was a great player at university…【精讲】although conj. 尽管，虽然e.g. Although the sun was shining, it wasn’t very much. 尽管太阳高照，却不是很暖和。【经典练】1．Although it was difficult to climb such a high mountain, we finally ________.A．got it B．found it C．solved it D．made it【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）Although our school life is a little busy, it is full of laughter.虽然我们的学校生活有点繁忙，但充满了笑声。 考点10 force vt. 强迫，迫使[教材原句]After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league. 【精讲】force vt. 强迫，迫使 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 e.g. Don’t force the child to play the piano. 不要强迫这个孩子学习弹钢琴。 They were forced to leave their home town. 他们被迫离开了家乡。【经典练】1．（2021秋·江苏宿迁·九年级统考期中）My grandpa used to build railway for the USA．He was ________ to work hard from morning till night.A．encouraged B．invited C．forced D．allowed【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）In order not to miss the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.为了不错过最早的航班，今天早晨我妹妹强迫自己早起。 考点11 remain 逗留[教材原句]He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.【精讲】(1)remain = stay 逗留 vi. e.g. We will remain in Shanghai for ten days. 我们要在上海逗留10天。(2)remain = keep 保持 remain + adj. / doing e.g. Don’t remain standing there.不要一直站在那。(3)take notice of 注意，察觉e.g. Don’t take any notice of what you read in the papers. 别在意你在报上看到的东西。【经典练】16．（2018·江苏南通·中考真题）To people’s great surprise，the old building still after the strong earthquake．A．refused B．remained C．required D．reviewed【写作佳句】I can't stop singing it. Its melody (旋律）remains in my mind all the time.我不停地唱。它的旋律一直留在我的脑海里。考点12 matter“要紧，有重大影响”[教材原句]Through hard work, Spud Webb proved that size and body type does not matter—you can do almost anything if you never give up.【精讲】句中的matter用作动词，意思是“要紧，有重大影响”。e.g. The job matters more to him than anything else. 对他来说，这份工作比其他什么都重要。【经典练】1．We are sure to realize our goals ________ we keep trying and never give up.A．so that B．even though C．as long as D．no matter how【写作佳句】No matter when you meet difficulties, you shouldn’t give up.句意：无论什么时候遇到困难，你都不应该放弃。考点13 break out意为“（战争、火灾）”突然爆发、突然发生[教材原句]World War II broke out in Europe om 1939 and ended in 1945. 【精讲】break out意为“（战争、火灾）”突然爆发、突然发生。例如：He was still living in London when the war broke out.Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out.【拓展】break常的其它短语break down 停止运转、出故障break off 中断、停止、折断break into 强行闯入break in 打断（某人的话）【经典练】1．（2023·江苏镇江·统考二模）Everybody should take action to prevent the disease from ________.A．breaking out B．putting out C．handing out D．turning out【写作佳句】（2023·江苏常州·统考二模）I hope the disease will not break out any more.我希望这种疾病不要再爆发了。考点14 named“被称为、被叫作”[教材原句]The Diary of a Young Girl was written by a girl named Anne Frank. 【精讲】named此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与called同义。例如：This is a book named/called Journey to the West.The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.【经典练】1．（2021·贵州贵阳·统考中考真题）The movie named A Little Red Flower shows _________ love for their children.A．parents B．parent’s C．parents’考点15 record 记录[教材原句]It was a record of that time, and it has also become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit.【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① record此处用作可数名词，意为“记录”，常用在短语keep a record of中。Keep a record of everything you spend. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② symbol此处为可数名词，意为“象征”，a symbol of意为“……的象征、……的标志”。[来源:学&科&网]例如：The Great Wall is the symbol of China.The lion in the symbol of courage.【经典练】1．（2023·江苏淮安·统考一模）In his free time, he likes traveling around, ________ his discoveries on the phone.A．recording B．to record C．recorded D．records【写作佳句】I couldn’t buy the recorder because I had no money with me then.那时我买不了录音机，因为我身上没有钱。考点16 die of意为“死于”[教材原句]Anne and her elder sister died of illness. 【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① die of/from意为“死于”，of表示内因，from表示外因。例如：The old man died of lung cancer.The worker died of illness.A lot of people died from the earthquake.That soldier died from the crash. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② illness是名词，意为“疾病、身体不适”。例如：Some children are away from school because of illness.He died after a long illness.【经典练】1.Millions of people ________ cancer from all over the world every year and more and more people _______ car accidents because of the heavy traffic.A.die from; die of B.die out; die from C.die of; die from D.die upon; die of2．（2022秋·江苏扬州·九年级统考期末）—Audrey Hepburn ________ cancer.—So she did. We all felt very sad about the loss of a great actress.A．die of B．died from C．died of D．dead from【写作佳句】（2022秋·辽宁营口·九年级统考期末）It’s reported that many children from Africa die of hunger every year.据报道，每年有许多非洲儿童死于饥饿。考点17 have sth. done意为“使某事被做”[教材原句]her father had her diary published. 【精讲】have sth. done意为“使某事被做”，过去分词表示被动，和have的宾语构成被动关系。例如：When are you going to have your hair cut?I must have my car repaired.【经典练】1.—When are you going to have your watch _________?—I am going to have Ms. Li _________ my watch this weekend.A．fixed; fix B．fixed; fixed C．fixing; to fix D．to fix; fixed考点18 keep[教材原句]During that difficult time, Anne kept writing in her diary until they were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944. 【精讲】keep (on) doing sth. 意为“一直不断做某事”。例如：The children kept asking me questions.She kept on working although she was tired.【拓展】keep的其它用法keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事I am sorry that I have kept you waiting for so long.keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事No one can keep the old man from smoking.【经典练】1．（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）________ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.A．Keeping B．Keep C．To keep D．To keeping【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）In order to keep our environment clean and tidy, we must throw rubbish into the bins (垃圾箱).为了保持我们的环境干净整洁，我们必须把垃圾扔进垃圾箱。考点19 get away (from) 意为“逃脱、离开”[教材原句]I’ve just finished the book I Am David, a story about a 12-year-old boy and his journey to Copenhagen after he got away from a Nazi camp. 【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 12-year-old是一个复合形容词，在句中通常作定语，中间的名词用单数形式。例如：She is an eight-year-old girl.Li Bo is a 10-year-old boy. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② get away (from) 意为“逃脱、离开”。例如：I caught a really big fish but it got away.The thieves got away from the shop with our money.【经典练】1．To fight SARS, we should _______ animals .A．care for B．fight against C．get away from【写作佳句】She felt tired.She decided to get away from cities and go back to nature.她感觉累了，她决定远离城市回到大自然。考点20 in peace意为“平静地、安静地”[教材原句]Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives. 【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① in peace意为“平静地、安静地”。例如：He died in peace.Let us forgive each other; only then will we live in peace. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② in fear of意为“担忧、害怕”。Many people in the world are living in fear of their lives. 【经典练】1．I think we all need to help animals live __________.A．in time B．in danger C．in peace D．in trouble【写作佳句】（2020·天津红桥·统考一模）Many wild animals don't have a safe place to live. I think we all need to help animals live in peace.许多野生动物都没有安全的居住地。我认为我们所有人都应该帮助动物生活在和平中。考点21 describe“描述”[教材原句]In this book, Anne, a Jewish girl, describes her boredom with being away from the outside world, he unhappiness with living in a small place all year, and her fear of discovery and death. 【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① describe此处是及物动词，表示“描述”，名词形式为description。例如：Please describe the book you are reading.Words cannot describe her beauty. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② death为不可数名词，意为“死亡”，动词是die，形容词是dead。The sudden death of his mother made him very sad.【经典练】1.—Could you ________ your new pet to me, Jeff?—Sure. It is a black cat and has big eyes.A．sell B．leave C．save D．describe【写作佳句】People were moved by his experience and described him as having “a heart of gold”.人们被他的经历所感动，形容他有一颗“金子般的心”。考点22 My father is in his fifties.【精讲】年代用定冠词the +基数词表示的世纪与十位整数的复数形式构成:Eg: in the19 90s (其中19表示的是世纪,90s是年代)= in the nineteen nineties = in the nineties of the twentieth century在二十世纪九十年代 (注意两种表达方式的不同之处)in the early / late1990s在二十世纪早/晚期in the nineties在九十年代注意: in1990 (无冠词、无复数) 在1990年★数字复数还可以表示人的年龄: in one's + 整十的复数Eg. in her twenties (注意必须用one's, 而不是the)in my early forties在我四十出头考点23 usual ad通常的,平常的[教材原句]You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more.【精讲】① usual ad通常的,平常的 as usual/ a usual way/ an unusual plant② unusual adj. 不寻常的 something unusual不寻常的事③ usually adv. 通常, 经常④构词法:在部分形容词前加un-; dis-; im-; in-; ir-等前缀, 构成对应的反义词●un-: unable, unhappy, unimportant等●dis-: dishonest●im-; impossible, impolite, impatient等●in-; incorrect●ir-; irregular【经典练】1．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—What happened to him then? —He got on the bus and sat on his ________ seat again.A．common B．usual C．strange D．normal【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模）We Chinese usually put things on the plate while people in France are supposed to put bread on the table.我们中国人通常把东西放在盘子里，而法国人应该把面包放在桌子上。考点24 surprise 惊奇[教材原句]To my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death.【精讲】① surprise 惊奇 Eg. to one' s surprise 令某人惊讶的是令人惊讶的事 Eg. What a big surprise!② surprise vt. 使惊奇, 使措手不及Eg. surprise him a lot使他大为惊讶Sth. surprise sb. Eg. What surprised me most was that she failed the exam.③ surprised adj. 吃惊的,惊讶的look surprised看起来吃惊的样子 (侧重人的感受) a surprised lookSb. be surprised at sth. be surprised to do sth.④ surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 Eg. a surprising ending一个意想不到的结局 (侧重说明事物)⑤ research un. 研究;调查Eg. medical research医学研究 do research on对……进行研究 (多指科学研究)survey 问卷或问题的形式进行调查 【经典练】.Much to our _________, Sam wasn’t _________ at the _________ news.A.surprise; surprised; surprise B.surprise; surprised; surprisingC.surprised; surprising; surprised D.surprising; surprised; surprise2．To my ________, he wasn’t sad when he lost one of his arms in the car accident.A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprises【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）Give me a chance, and I’ll bring you a surprise.给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。一．语法精讲——并列连词一、状语从句(I)【精讲】引导时间状语从句的连词有：while, when, as, as soon as, till, until, not…until, before, after, since, whenever, etc.二、单元话题写作一、话题分析本单元的话题是“成长与感恩”，要求学生能简单介绍在自己成长过程中对自己有影响的人物或者是想要感激的人，本单元写作要求同学们能根据相关信息提示简单地介绍对自己有影响的人物或者是想要感激的人。内容包括人物的身份、职业、具体事例等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：1. 能用时间状语从句组织内容；2. 能用正确的时态介绍人物的事例；3. 能正确使用标点符号；4. 能正确书写英语句子。二、写作步骤步骤一：确定人物及事例介绍的内容和顺序。步骤二：列举丰富的句型，多多益善。步骤三：成段成篇，修改完善。三、词汇积累知识点：1. 挂在心上=on one’s mind 2. 成长= grow up3.喊醒某人= . wake sb up 4. 大量信息= a great deal of information 5. 参加…的选拔= try out for 6. 拒绝做某事= refuse to do sth 7. 失去信心= lose heart 8.从那时起= from then on 9. because of +doing sth = 因为…. 10.练习做某事= practise doing sth. 11. 让某人做某事= get sb to do sth 12. 让某人惊讶的是= to one’s surprise13. 有一颗充满爱的心= have a heart full of love 14. 继续去某事= go on to do sth 15. 多于= more than = over 16.被命名=be named17.邀请某人做某事=invite sb to do sth 18.决定做某事=decide to do sth=make a decision to do sth 19.导致=lead to20.结果=as a result21. 被迫做某事= be forced to do sth 22. 注意= take notice of23. 他最骄傲的那一刻是在1998年= his proudest moment came in 1998.24. 足够做某事= be enough to do sth 25.为生命安全担忧=in fear of one’s life26.改变某人的主意=change one’s mind27.爆发=break out 抛锚，精神崩溃=break down 闯入= break into 中断=break off 分开，裂开=break up 28.令某人吃惊是=to one’s surprise29.远离=get away from 30.躲藏起来= go into hiding31. die of =死于(内因)； die from =死于（外因)32. 在某人多少岁时= in +one’s +年龄复数 33. 乐意做某事= be ready to do sth = be willing to do sth 34. 关心= care for35. 需要中= in need 四、句型积累... is in one's twenties/thirties/forties.... You will not find ... until ...... has always been ....Whenever, ....... since ....To my surprise, ... has decided to ....When I ..., I ....Now I realize that ....例文：升入中学已经两年多了，回顾过去的两年，你对谁最感激（grateful）呢? 请你以Thank you，×××为题，写一篇80词左右的短文. 短文必须围绕以下提示展开：1）Who is the person? 2）What has he/she done for you? Please give one or two examples. 3）What have you learnt from him/her? Thank you, _______________Dear ,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit4 Growing up一．重点词组赏析Unit4核心话题“成长与感恩”重点词汇time,whenever,through,deal ,score,stand, leader, name, university, simply,national championship ,succeed ,scholarship ,career ,against ,record ,symbol,victory ,spirit German,thought,survive,admire,courage,unusual,cancer15.surprise ,research ,death重点短语1. on one's mind 2.finish building3.as soon as 4.learn about the world from books5.through the Internet 6.a great deal of information7.people in different times and places8.allow me(not) to do 9. the shortest player 10.try out for...11.lose heart.12.decide to do sth13.be translated into14.a record of that time 15.die of 重点句型1.You've been happy since I first met you.2.I can read them whenever I want to.3.As soon as you click the mouse, there's a great deal of information.4.Don't wake me up until you finish building it.5.It's a pity that they couldn't enjoy a happy life just as we do. 6.Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives.7.He gave our TV to a family who could not afford one. 8.Whenever he has some money left, he gives it to someone in need. 9.He cares for the children who have lost their parents.语法 状语从句写作介绍对自己有影响的人物或者是想要感激的人时间状语从句连词例句说明whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。when指的是“某一具体的时间”。while① While it was raining, they went out.正当天下雨的时候，他们出去了。②I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候而我在。(然而)③All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.(然而，并列连词)①while指“在某一段时间里”，“在┉期间”，有时表示主从句的轻微转折，译为：“然而”②while引导的动作必须是持续性的。as① He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，一边走一边向后看。② As time goes by, I like China better.随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。①as （译为“一边……一边”）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；②as译为“随着……” before① I finished my task before I went home.我做完作业才回家。② Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。在….以前afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。after“在┉之后”till until①We waited till(until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。②She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .她直到11点钟才停止工作。③Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到……为止”； = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②not…until…表示“直到…才…”“在…以前不…”。主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until可用before替换。【例】He didn’t leave until/before I came back.有时可用never, nothing代替not.③ 如果从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until, 不用till. since Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 主句动词为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。①如果状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开；②如果从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon as = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。②My brother went out as soon as I got home. ③I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.as soon as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后， 意为“一…就…”。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。当主句是一般过去时，从句一般也用一般过去时，简言之：主将从现；主过从过Whenever  = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Whenever he sees the book, he will think of the good memory.无论何时，他看到那本书，他都会想起美好的记忆。whenever = no matter when 无论何时1 挂在心上；惦记 on one’s mind2 在不同时期和地方in different times and places3 一……就……as soon as...4 大量，许多 a great deal (of+不可数n.) 5 参加……选拔(或试演) try out for sth.6 泄气，灰心 lose heart7 拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth.8 有/没有做某事的机会 get a/the / no chance to do sth.9 从那以后/从现在起from then on/ from now on10 使某人做某事get sb. to do sth.11 改变主意change one’s mind12 身高170厘米170 cm tall / 170 cm in height13 让某人引起……的注意bring sb. to the attention of...14 成功地做某事succeed in doing sth.15 注意，觉察……take notice of ...16 从……毕业graduate from...17 强迫某人做某事force sb. to do sth.18 对……认真严肃become / be serious about...19 爆发（无被动）break out20 失去生命，丧生lose one’s life21 把……翻译成……translate ... into...22 那个时代的记录a record of that time23 人类精神胜利的象征a symbol of the victory of the human spirit24 躲藏go into hiding25 死于die of / from26 使某事被做 have sth. done27 从战争/地震中幸存survive the war / the earthquake28 钦佩某事物/因某事物而钦佩某人admire sth. / admire sb. for sth.29 为生命安全担忧in fear of one’s life30 与……有关relate to ...31 ……的状态the state of ...32 畅销(无被动）sell well33 在某人五十多岁in one’s fifties34 令某人惊奇的是to one’s surprise35 照顾，照料；喜欢，想要care for 二、重点句型赏析 怎么了？自从我第一次遇见你，你一直都快乐。What’s up? You’ve been happy since I first met you. 直到你建完（房子）再叫醒我。Don’t wake me up until you finish building it.只要我想，我无论何时都可以阅读它们（书籍）。I can read them whenever I want to.一旦点击鼠标，就有大量心血。As soon as you click the mouse, there’s a great deal of information.上初中的时候，斯巴德去参加校（篮球）队选拔，但是因为他太瘦小，起初被拒绝了。While attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team, but he was refused to play at first because he was too small.他练习得甚至更努力了并让教练改变了主意。He practised even harder and got the coach to change his mind.但是，没有大学会邀请他去打篮球，仅仅因为他只有170厘米高。However, no university would invite him to play basketball simply because he was only 170 cm tall.在那儿他带领他的队进入了全国锦标赛。There he led his team to the national championship.毕业后，他被迫在另一个篮球联盟打球。After graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.1985年，他加入亚特兰大老鹰队，成为当时NBA最矮的球员。In 1985, he joined the Atalanta Hawks and became the shortest player in the NBA at that time.通过努力，斯巴德·韦伯证明高矮胖瘦真的不重要——只要你永不放弃，几乎没有做不到的。Through hard work, Spud Webb proved that size and body type really does not matter——you can do almost anything if you never give up.1939年二战在欧洲爆发，到1942年结束。World War  = 2 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT II broke out in Europe in 1939 and ended in 1942.战后，他父亲收集了她的日记，1947年将之发表。After the war, her father collected her diary and had it published in 1947.在日记中，她写下了她的想法，她的感情，以及她对未来的希望和梦想。In her diary, Anne wrote down her thoughts, her feelings, her hopes and her dreams for the future.15.然而，可惜他们无法像我们一样享受快乐的生活。However, it’s a pity that they couldn’t enjoy a happy life just as we do.16.虽然我们生活在和平环境，世界其他地方的一些孩子仍然为生命安全而担忧。Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives.17.他照料那些无父无母的孩子。He cares for the children who have lost their parents.18.让我惊讶的是，他决定在死后为医疗研究捐赠自己的遗体。To my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death.19.现在我意识到他充满了爱心。Now I realize that he has a heart full of love.三、重点知识点赏析1. however however是副词，意为“尽管如此，可是，仍然”，可以放在句首、句中或句尾，但要用逗号隔开。例如：It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go to school on time. 雨下得很大，我仍然认为该准时上学。She waited, however, for no answer. 然而她没有等来回答。【拓展】however与but的辨析：(1) 从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比however强。(2) 从语法上看，but是个并列连词，而however却是个副词。(3) 从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于分句之首、之中或之尾，但在翻译成汉语时，一定要把它放在分句之首。(4) 从标点上看，but之后一般不得使用逗号，但however位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。例如：We love peace, but we are not afraid of war. 我们热爱和平，但是我们并不害怕战争。He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。You can phone the doctor. However, I doubt whether he will come out on a Saturday night. 你可以给医生打电话。不过，我怀疑他是否会在周六晚上出诊。He said that it was so. He was mistaken, however. 他说事情是这样的，然而他错了。2. while(1) while 作连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，并且是主句和从句动作同时发生，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词或表状态，且常用进行时态。例如： He came in while I was watching TV. 当我在看电视时，他进来了。 (2) while作连词，还可意为“而，然而”，强调动作的对比。例如： I like tea while she likes coffee. 我爱喝茶，而她爱喝咖啡。 (3) while作名词，意为“一会儿，片刻”，常用于after a while中，表示“过了一会儿”。例如： After a while, she came to herself. 过了一会儿，她苏醒过来了。【拓展】while; when与as的辨析： (1) while强调动作同时进行，从句常用进行时，其动词必须为延续性动词或表状态。例如： Could you look after my dog while I’m away? 我离开时，你能照看我的狗吗？ (2) when既可指动作同时进行，也可指先后发生，从句中的动作既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性动词。若是同时发生且为延续性动词，则可与while互换；若when作并列连词，表示“就在那时，这时候”则只能用when，并且when引导的从句只能放在后面。 试比较： When the alien got out, the girl was shopping. = While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.当外星人出来时， 小女孩在购物。 We were watching TV when there was a knock at the door. 我们在看电视，这时有人敲门。 (3) as多指主句从句两动作同时发生，常翻译为“一边……一边……”。例如： They talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。3. stand stand作名词，意为“站台，看台”。例如：The little girl watching the game in the stand is my sister.正在站台上观看比赛的小女孩是我妹妹。【拓展】 (1) stand作动词，意为“忍受”。例如： I can’t stand the hot weather. 我忍受不了这种炎热的天气。 (2) stand作动词，还可意为“站，站立”。例如： Don’t stand here. 不要站在这里。4. leaderleader是可数名词，意为“领导者；领袖”，它是由动词lead + 后缀-er构成的名词。例如： He is a born leader. 他是个天生的领袖。【拓展】表示职业或身份的名词小结： (1) 以-ist结尾的有： pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家 physicist物理学家 scientist科学家 (2) 以-er，-r或-or结尾的有： teacher教师 painter画家 writer作家 singer歌唱家 visitor参观者 actor演员 engineer工程师 inventor发明家 professor教授 reporter记者 (3) 以-man结尾的有： postman邮递员 policeman警察 businessman商人 spaceman宇航员 fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工 (4) 以-ian结尾的有： musician音乐家 politician政治家5. decide decide是动词，意为“决定，选定”。其主要用法有：(1) decide sth. 例如： I can’t decide anything at the moment. 现在我不能做出任何决定。 (2) decide to do sth. 例如： We decide to go to Paris next month. 我们决定下个月去巴黎。【拓展】decide on…意为“由……决定；决定于……”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：I decided on going to Beijing at last. 最后我决定去北京了。My mother decided on the red dress. 我妈妈决定买下那件红色的裙子6. lead lead作及物动词，意为“带路，领路，指引”，lead…to…意为“带领……去……”。例如：The schoolmaster met us and led us round the campus. 校长接待了我们，并带我们在校园里转了转。The road leads you to the station. 这条路指引你通往车站。【拓展】(1) lead sb. to do sth. 意为“致使/诱惑……”。例如： What led you to think so? 什么使你这么想呢？(2) lead to意为“（道路等）通往……；引起（结果等）”。例如： All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 The heavy rain led to a flood. 大雨导致洪水。7. as a result as a result为固定短语，意为“因此，结果”。例如：He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus. 他今天起晚了，结果没赶上第一班公交车。【拓展】as a result与as a result of的辨析： (1) as a result意为“因此，结果”，后面指事情的结果。例如： He worked hard at his study. As a result, he passed the exam easily.他在学习上很刻苦，结果他很容易地通过了考试。 (2) as a result of意为“由于”，后跟名词或代词，相当于because of。例如： He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪，他迟到了。8. joinjoin是动词，意为“参加，加入”。宾语有以下几种形式： (1) join + 表示团体或组织的名词，join意为“加入（某团体），成为……（成员）”。例如： Yao Ming joined the NBA. 姚明加入了NBA。 (2) join + 指人的名词或代词，join意为“加入……之中”。例如：Will you join us for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭好吗？ (3) join + in + 活动类名词，join in意为“参加（活动）。”例如：Can you join in the game? 你能参加这个游戏吗？ 【拓展】 join; join in和take part in 的辨析：join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，并成为其中一员。join in指参加某项比赛或活动，常用于口语中，也可用于join sb in (doing) sth 意为“加入……（做）……”。take part in指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用，有时与join in互换。例如：I joined the army in 1996. 我是1996年参军的。I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill. 我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。May I join in the football match? 我可以参加这场足球比赛吗？9. Growing up is hard! (1) grow up为固定短语，意为“成长，长大”。例如： I grew up in Chicago. 我在芝加哥长大。 I want to be a teacher when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名教师。 (2) 本句为动名词短语growing up作主语的句子。例如： Learning English well isn’t difficult. 学好英语并不难。 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛有害。10. Books allow me to learn about people in different times and places, and I can read them whenever I want to.allow是动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；allow doing sth.“允许做……”。例如： My parents don’t allow me to smoke. 我的父母不允许我抽烟。We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。Her boss doesn’t allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允许她使用电话。11. Don’t wake me up until you finish building it.(1) until既可作介词又可作连词。作介词时，后接表示时间的名词或数词；作连词时，后接表示时间的状语从句。例如：He waited until 12:00. 他一直等到12点钟。He didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到他爸爸回来，他才上床睡觉。(2) until既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句，但二者所表达的时间界限不同。用于肯定句，表示动作一直持续到until后的时刻；用于否定句，构成….not…until的固定搭配，意为“直到……才……”表示动作从until后的时刻开始。例如： I did my homework until my mother came back from work. 我一直做作业直到妈妈下班回家。 I didn’t do my homework until my mother came back from work. 直到妈妈下班回家，我才做作业。(3) until引导的时间状语从句，表将来的动作时，只能用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现”。例如： I will wait for him until he comes back. 我将一直等到他回来。12. Before and after can also be used as prepositions of time.be used as意思是“被作为……使用”，as是介词，意思是“作为”，它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。例如：　 Our classroom is used as a reading-room. 我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。The computer can be used as a tool.计算机可以被当作工具用。【拓展】(1) be used for 意思是“被用来做某事”，for是介词，它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如：　 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来割东西的。(2) be used by意思是“被……使用”，by后面跟人或者物，表示强调动作的使用者。例如：　 This radio is often used by my mother. 这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。(3) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，和be used for doing是同义词短语。例如：It is used for learning English.＝It is used to learn English. 它被用来学习英语的。(4) be used to doing something的意思是“习惯于做某事”。 　例如：　 My father is used to living in the village. 我的爸爸习惯于住在乡村。13. I go jogging every morning.“go+动词-ing形式”表示“去做某事”，常用于从事某一项体育活动或休闲娱乐活动，动名词前面不能用some或其他表示数量概念的词语修饰，常见的短语有：go bike riding 骑自行车远行 go sightseeing 去观光 go shopping去买东西 go skating去滑冰go swimming去游泳 go boating去划船go walking去散步 go climbing去登山go dancing去跳舞 go hiking 去远足【拓展】动词do后跟动名词形式构成短语，动名词作do的宾语，具有名词性质，可以用some或the 修饰。例如：do some reading阅读 do some washing洗涮 do some cooking做饭 do some swimming游泳 do some speaking多说 do some listening多听 Unit 4 Growing up 考点1 on one’s mind“挂在心上；烦恼。”[教材原句]　What’s on your mind, Eddie?【精讲】短语on one’s mind意思是“（有事）挂在心上；烦恼。”e.g.Don’t bother him.He’s got a lot on his mind. 别打扰他了。他烦心事够多了。【拓展】mind 固定搭配on one’s mind 挂在心上，惦念 change one’s mind 改变主意make up one’s mind 做出决定 keep ...in mind 将.....记在心上in one’s mind 在某人脑海里 out of one’s mind 忘了 【经典练】1.Could you tell me ?A.what’s on your mind B.where does he liveC.what your mind was on D.where he lived in【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我你的想法是什么吗？考查宾语从句的用法。此题是考查宾语从句，宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，所以排除B、C；D答案中不必要用借此in，故选A。【写作佳句】He makes up his mind to improve his math.他下决心提高他的数学。考点2 What’s up?=What’s wrong? 怎么了？【精讲】寒暄语“最近怎么样？”类似的表达”How are you doing?”你看起来很沮丧，怎么了？我的手机丢了（翻译句子）【经典练】—You look down. ________________? —My mobile phone is missing.【答案】What’s up? /What’s wrong? /What’s the matter? /What happened? 考点3 one [教材原句]Build another one for yourself.【精讲】代词one, it和that的辨析：1)that指前文所提过的同类事物,一般用于比较句中，e.g.The weather in Beijing is different from that in Shanghai.2）it指前文所提到的同一个事物， e.g.I had a nice pen,but I lost it.3）one指的是前文所提到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一，e.g.I had a nice pen,but I lost it yesterday.So I bought a new one this morning.【拓展】1.习语one after another意为“一个接一个地”“相继地”“依次地”，在句中主要用作状语。Planes took off one after another. 飞机陆续起飞。One after another all his plans have failed. 他的计划都一一失败了。2.another one 与 the other one 区别Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。（表泛指）Give me the other (one). 给我另外那个。（表特指）【经典练】This pair of binoculars ________ old. Please buy me ________, Mum.A.is； another one B.are； another pair C.is； another pair D.are； another one【答案】C【解析】句意：这副双筒望远镜旧了。请给我买另一副，妈妈。考查主谓一致。is/are系动词，is 表示单数；are表示复数；another one 另一个，one作代词，代指前面提到的名词；another pair 另一副，没有指定那一副；another pair of+复数名词，作主语时，中心词是pair而不是后面的名词，所以be动词用is；根据“This pair of binoculars…old. Please buy me…”及结合选项可知，这副双筒望远镜旧了，请给我买另一副，没有指定买那一副。故选C。【写作佳句】（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）Promises are easily made, but not easily kept.Once you make one, be sure to keep it.承诺容易许下，遵守却不容易。一旦你做出了决定，一定要守诺。 考点4 not...until 直到......才......[教材原句]Don’t wake me up until you finish building it.【精讲】1)not...until 直到......才......e.g.I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.e.g.He didn’t have lunch until his mother came back.2)wake sb. up 叫醒某人，人称代词放中间；形容词 awake 醒着的3)finish doing sth. 结束做某事finish doing my homework 完成我的作业知识点5、There’s a great deal of information. 有大量的信息。a great deal of意为“许多、大量”，用来修饰不可数名词拓展：plenty of 修饰可数名词或者不可数名词a lot of/lots of 修饰可数名词或者不可数名词a number of/numbers of 修饰可数名词【拓展】deal v. 处理，应付deal with 对付，应付，处理【经典练】1．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Gu Ailing worked ________ hard ________ she got excellent achievements at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.A．not only … but also B．such ... that C．not ... until D．so … that【答案】D【详解】句意：谷爱凌非常努力，在北京2022年冬奥会上取得了优异的成绩。考查短语辨析。not only…but also不但……而且……；such... that如此……以至于……；not... until直到……才；so…that如此……以至于……。根据“hard”可知，是副词，用so修饰，故选D。2.I need _____ money. Would you please lend me______?A.a great deal, some B.a great deal of, someC.a great deal, any D.a great deal of, any【答案】B【解析】句意：我需要很多钱, 请借给我一些好吗？a great deal可单独使用，也可以用在形容词或副词的比较级前，表示“大量；许多”；a great deal of用在不可数名词前，表示“大量的”。some表示肯定的含义，在疑问句中常与would/could连用，而不用any。故选B。【写作佳句】The policeman asked the child not to cross the street until the traffic lights turned green.警察让这个小孩等到交通灯变绿才可以过马路。 考点5 much+比较级[教材原句] He was very small — much smaller than the other kids at school.【精讲】比较级前可以加much, a little, quite, even等副词表示程度或加强比较。 e.g. Shanghai is much bigger than my hometown. 上海比我的家乡大多了。【经典练】1．—Is Ted as heavy as Jack?    —No, Ted is ________ than Jack.A．much heavier B．more heavy C．much more heavy D．more heavier【答案】A【详解】句意：——Ted和Jack一样重吗？——不，Ted比Jack重得多。考查比较级。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级形式，排除B/C选项，修饰比较级的词是much，故选A。【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Jim can carry the heavy box because he is much stronger than the others in his class.吉姆能搬动这个重箱子，因为他比班上其他人强壮得多。 考点6 attend 参加[教材原句] While attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team.【精讲】(1) attend junior high 上初中(2) try out for sth. 参加……选拔e.g. Why don’t you try out for the school basketball team? 你为何不参加学校篮球选拔赛呢？【经典练】1．（2023·河北衡水·统考二模）Linda and Dave are busy practicing running these days. They the sports meeting.A．have attended B．attend C．will attend D．were attending【答案】C【详解】句意：琳达和戴夫这几天正忙于练习跑步。他们将参加运动会。考查一般将来时。have attended现在完成时；attend一般现在时；will attend一般将来时；were attending过去进行时。根据“Linda and Dave are busy practicing running these days.”可知，现在在练习，说明将来要参加运动会，这里用一般将来时。故选C。【写作佳句】（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）He has learned Chinese by himself since he has attended college.自从上大学以来，他就自学中文。 考点6 lose heart 泄气，灰心[教材原句] He did not lose heart.【精讲】lose heart 泄气，灰心e.g. When you fail, you should never lose heart. 当你失败时，不应该丧失信心。【拓展】lose face 丢脸，丢面子 lose interest in 对...... 失去兴趣lose one’s job 失业 lose one’s way 迷路【经典练】1．（2018·甘肃天水·统考中考真题）----________ ! Hope is always around you.----. Thank you, Miss Liu.A．Don’t thank goodness B．Don’t be lazyC．Never lose heart D．Never be confident【答案】C【详解】句意：----不要失去信心！希望总是围绕着你。----谢谢你，刘老师。本题考查了祈使句的用法。A. Don’t thank goodness不要谢天谢地；B. Don’t be lazy不要懒；C. Never lose heart不要失去信心；D. Never be confident不要自信；它们都是否定祈使句；根据Hope is always around you，这里的意思是因为希望总是围绕着你，可知前面应该是不要失去信心。故选A。【写作佳句】（2023·河北唐山·统考二模）Don’t lose your heart. If you keep working hard, you will succeed some day.不要灰心。如果你继续努力，总有一天你会成功的。 考点7 change one’s mind 改变主意[教材原句]He practised even harder and got the coach to change his mind.【精讲】change one’s mind 改变主意e.g. Nothing will make me change my mind. 什么都不能让我改变主意。【拓展】mind 作为动词用法mind  v. 对（某事）烦恼，苦恼，焦虑；介意I don't mind the cold—it's the rain I don't like. 冷我不在乎，我是讨厌下雨。I hope you don't mind the noise. 希望你不介意这声音。 Do you mind if I open the window? 我开开窗户好吗？ mind doing sth 介意做某事Did she mind not getting the job? 她没得到这份工作是不是很介意？ Do your parents mind your leaving home? 你父母舍得你离开家吗？ not mind doing sth =  to be willing to do sth 愿意做；乐意做I don't mind helping if you can't find anyone else. 如果你找不到别人，我乐意帮忙。 【经典练】1.No matter how times change, ________ spirit of Lei Feng will never be outdated.A．a B．an C．the【答案】C【详解】句意：无论时代如何变化，雷锋精神永远不会过时。考查冠词。a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the这个/那个，定冠词，表特指。根据“spirit of Lei Feng”可知，此处特指雷锋精神，应用定冠词the。故选C。【写作佳句】—I heard you changed your mind the last minute. 我听说你最后一刻改变主意了。——格林女士说的话起了作用。 考点8 succeed[教材原句]As a result, he succeeded in getting a scholarship.【精讲】句中的succeed是不及物动词，短语succeed in doing something意思是“在……达到目的，实现目标”。e.g. He succeeded in getting a place at art school. 他被美术学校录取了。【拓展】success  n. 成功；胜利；发财；成名What's the secret of your success? 你成功的秘诀是什么？ I didn't have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。successful  adj.  达到目的；有成效的；成功的They were successful in winning the contract. 他们终于争取到了那份合同。 I wasn't very successful at keeping the news secret. 我没能把这条消息严格保密。 successfully  adv. 成功地He passed the test successfully. 他成功地通过了测验。【经典练】1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）I’m not sure if you ________ in the exam, but you’ll get better grades if you ________ harder.A．will succeed, study B．will successfully, study C．succeed, will work【答案】A【详解】句意：我不确定你是否能考试成功，但如果你更努力学习，你会取得更好的成绩。考查if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句的时态。分析句子结构可知，第一个空所在的句子为if引导的宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句可以是任意时态，但是要结合具体的情况来选择合适的时态，结合语境，第一个空表示是否将会成功，所以第一个空用一般将来时；第二个空所在的句子为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，也就是主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时，所以第二个空用一般现在时。故选A。【写作佳句】You’ll succeed unless you give up halfway.除非你半途而废，否则你会成功的。 考点9 although conj. 尽管，虽然[教材原句]Although he was a great player at university…【精讲】although conj. 尽管，虽然e.g. Although the sun was shining, it wasn’t very much. 尽管太阳高照，却不是很暖和。【经典练】1．Although it was difficult to climb such a high mountain, we finally ________.A．got it B．found it C．solved it D．made it【答案】D【详解】句意：虽然爬这么高的山很难，但是我们最终做到了。考查动词辨析。got it得到了；found it找到了；solved it解决了；made做到了。根据“Although it was difficult to climb such a high mountain,”可知，虽然爬这么高的山很难，但是我们做到了。故选D。【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）Although our school life is a little busy, it is full of laughter.虽然我们的学校生活有点繁忙，但充满了笑声。 考点10 force vt. 强迫，迫使[教材原句]After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league. 【精讲】force vt. 强迫，迫使 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 e.g. Don’t force the child to play the piano. 不要强迫这个孩子学习弹钢琴。 They were forced to leave their home town. 他们被迫离开了家乡。【经典练】1．（2021秋·江苏宿迁·九年级统考期中）My grandpa used to build railway for the USA．He was ________ to work hard from morning till night.A．encouraged B．invited C．forced D．allowed【答案】C【详解】句意：我的祖父过去常常为美国修建铁路。他被迫从早到晚努力工作。考查动词辨析。encouraged鼓励；invited邀请；forced强迫；allowed允许。根据“He was ... to work hard from morning till night.”可知，此处指被迫从早到晚努力工作。故选C。【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）In order not to miss the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.为了不错过最早的航班，今天早晨我妹妹强迫自己早起。 考点11 remain 逗留[教材原句]He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.【精讲】(1)remain = stay 逗留 vi. e.g. We will remain in Shanghai for ten days. 我们要在上海逗留10天。(2)remain = keep 保持 remain + adj. / doing e.g. Don’t remain standing there.不要一直站在那。(3)take notice of 注意，察觉e.g. Don’t take any notice of what you read in the papers. 别在意你在报上看到的东西。【经典练】16．（2018·江苏南通·中考真题）To people’s great surprise，the old building still after the strong earthquake．A．refused B．remained C．required D．reviewed【答案】B【详解】句意：让人们很惊讶的是，旧大楼在强地震后依然存在。A拒绝；B保留，留存，残存；C要求，需求；D复习，回顾。根据still可知大楼在强震后依然留存，故选B。【写作佳句】I can't stop singing it. Its melody (旋律）remains in my mind all the time.我不停地唱。它的旋律一直留在我的脑海里。考点12 matter“要紧，有重大影响”[教材原句]Through hard work, Spud Webb proved that size and body type does not matter—you can do almost anything if you never give up.【精讲】句中的matter用作动词，意思是“要紧，有重大影响”。e.g. The job matters more to him than anything else. 对他来说，这份工作比其他什么都重要。【经典练】1．We are sure to realize our goals ________ we keep trying and never give up.A．so that B．even though C．as long as D．no matter how【答案】C【详解】句意：只要我们不断努力，永不放弃，我们就一定能实现我们的目标。考查连词辨析。so that以便于；even though即使；as long as只要；no matter how无论怎样。“we keep trying and never give up”是“We are sure to realize our goals”的肯定条件，用as long as引导条件状语从句，故选C。【写作佳句】No matter when you meet difficulties, you shouldn’t give up.句意：无论什么时候遇到困难，你都不应该放弃。考点13 break out意为“（战争、火灾）”突然爆发、突然发生[教材原句]World War II broke out in Europe om 1939 and ended in 1945. 【精讲】break out意为“（战争、火灾）”突然爆发、突然发生。例如：He was still living in London when the war broke out.Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out.【拓展】break常的其它短语break down 停止运转、出故障break off 中断、停止、折断break into 强行闯入break in 打断（某人的话）【经典练】1．（2023·江苏镇江·统考二模）Everybody should take action to prevent the disease from ________.A．breaking out B．putting out C．handing out D．turning out【答案】A【详解】句意：每个人都应该采取行动来预防疾病的爆发。考查动词短语辨析。breaking out爆发；putting out熄灭；handing out分发；turning out结果是。根据“ disease”可知，疾病的出现是可能会爆发的，其后果很严重，所以我们要预防，选项A 符合语境。故选A。【写作佳句】（2023·江苏常州·统考二模）I hope the disease will not break out any more.我希望这种疾病不要再爆发了。考点14 named“被称为、被叫作”[教材原句]The Diary of a Young Girl was written by a girl named Anne Frank. 【精讲】named此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与called同义。例如：This is a book named/called Journey to the West.The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.【经典练】1．（2021·贵州贵阳·统考中考真题）The movie named A Little Red Flower shows _________ love for their children.A．parents B．parent’s C．parents’【答案】C【详解】句意：电影《送你一朵小红花》展现了父母对孩子的爱。考查所有格。此处表达的是“父母的爱”，parents是以s结尾的复数名词，所有格直接加’即可，故选C。考点15 record 记录[教材原句]It was a record of that time, and it has also become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit.【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① record此处用作可数名词，意为“记录”，常用在短语keep a record of中。Keep a record of everything you spend. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② symbol此处为可数名词，意为“象征”，a symbol of意为“……的象征、……的标志”。[来源:学&科&网]例如：The Great Wall is the symbol of China.The lion in the symbol of courage.【经典练】1．（2023·江苏淮安·统考一模）In his free time, he likes traveling around, ________ his discoveries on the phone.A．recording B．to record C．recorded D．records【答案】A【详解】句意：在他的空闲时间，他喜欢到处旅行，用手机记录他的发现。考查现在分词作状语。根据“In his free time, he likes traveling around, ...his discoveries on the phone.”可知，主语是动作的发出者，用现在分词作伴随状语，故选A。【写作佳句】I couldn’t buy the recorder because I had no money with me then.那时我买不了录音机，因为我身上没有钱。考点16 die of意为“死于”[教材原句]Anne and her elder sister died of illness. 【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① die of/from意为“死于”，of表示内因，from表示外因。例如：The old man died of lung cancer.The worker died of illness.A lot of people died from the earthquake.That soldier died from the crash. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② illness是名词，意为“疾病、身体不适”。例如：Some children are away from school because of illness.He died after a long illness.【经典练】1.Millions of people ________ cancer from all over the world every year and more and more people _______ car accidents because of the heavy traffic.A.die from; die of B.die out; die from C.die of; die from D.die upon; die of【答案】C【解析】句意：每年全世界数百万的人死于癌症，越来越多的人因为交通拥堵死于交通事故。考查动词短语辨析。die from死于（某种原因，不包括疾病、过度悲伤等）；die out灭绝，逐渐消亡；die of死于（疾病、过度悲伤等）； die upon死在。根据题干中“cancer”癌症可知是疾病，应用die of；题干中的“car accidents”意为车祸，属于某种外在原因，故用die from。故选C。2．（2022秋·江苏扬州·九年级统考期末）—Audrey Hepburn ________ cancer.—So she did. We all felt very sad about the loss of a great actress.A．die of B．died from C．died of D．dead from【答案】C【详解】句意：——奥黛丽·赫本死于癌症。——她确实是。我们都为失去一位伟大的女演员而感到悲伤。考查动词短语。die of死于（某种内因）；die from死于（某种外因）。根据“cancer”可知，死于癌症这种内因，排除B和D选项。根据“did”可知，此处用一般过去时，故选C。【写作佳句】（2022秋·辽宁营口·九年级统考期末）It’s reported that many children from Africa die of hunger every year.据报道，每年有许多非洲儿童死于饥饿。考点17 have sth. done意为“使某事被做”[教材原句]her father had her diary published. 【精讲】have sth. done意为“使某事被做”，过去分词表示被动，和have的宾语构成被动关系。例如：When are you going to have your hair cut?I must have my car repaired.【经典练】1.—When are you going to have your watch _________?—I am going to have Ms. Li _________ my watch this weekend.A．fixed; fix B．fixed; fixed C．fixing; to fix D．to fix; fixed【答案】A【解析】句意：——你打算什么时候修手表？——这个周末我要请李女士帮我修手表。考查非谓语动词。fix是动词，意为“修理”。have sth. done意为“让某事被做”，所以第一空填fixed；have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，所以第二空填fix。故选A。考点18 keep[教材原句]During that difficult time, Anne kept writing in her diary until they were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944. 【精讲】keep (on) doing sth. 意为“一直不断做某事”。例如：The children kept asking me questions.She kept on working although she was tired.【拓展】keep的其它用法keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事I am sorry that I have kept you waiting for so long.keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事No one can keep the old man from smoking.【经典练】1．（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）________ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.A．Keeping B．Keep C．To keep D．To keeping【答案】C【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，饭前洗手和使用公筷是为了保持健康，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）In order to keep our environment clean and tidy, we must throw rubbish into the bins (垃圾箱).为了保持我们的环境干净整洁，我们必须把垃圾扔进垃圾箱。考点19 get away (from) 意为“逃脱、离开”[教材原句]I’ve just finished the book I Am David, a story about a 12-year-old boy and his journey to Copenhagen after he got away from a Nazi camp. 【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 12-year-old是一个复合形容词，在句中通常作定语，中间的名词用单数形式。例如：She is an eight-year-old girl.Li Bo is a 10-year-old boy. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② get away (from) 意为“逃脱、离开”。例如：I caught a really big fish but it got away.The thieves got away from the shop with our money.【经典练】1．To fight SARS, we should _______ animals .A．care for B．fight against C．get away from【答案】C【详解】句意：为了对抗SARS，我们应该远离动物。考查动词短语辨析。care for关心；fight against对抗；get away from远离；根据“To fight SARS,”可知，此处是要远离动物，故选C。【写作佳句】She felt tired.She decided to get away from cities and go back to nature.她感觉累了，她决定远离城市回到大自然。考点20 in peace意为“平静地、安静地”[教材原句]Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives. 【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① in peace意为“平静地、安静地”。例如：He died in peace.Let us forgive each other; only then will we live in peace. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② in fear of意为“担忧、害怕”。Many people in the world are living in fear of their lives. 【经典练】1．I think we all need to help animals live __________.A．in time B．in danger C．in peace D．in trouble【答案】C【详解】句意：我想我们都需要帮助动物平静地生活。考查介词短语辨析。in time 及时； in danger 处于危险中；in peace 和平地，平静地；in trouble陷入困境。根据“we all need to help animals live ...”可知，空格处表达“平静地”生活。故选C。【写作佳句】（2020·天津红桥·统考一模）Many wild animals don't have a safe place to live. I think we all need to help animals live in peace.许多野生动物都没有安全的居住地。我认为我们所有人都应该帮助动物生活在和平中。考点21 describe“描述”[教材原句]In this book, Anne, a Jewish girl, describes her boredom with being away from the outside world, he unhappiness with living in a small place all year, and her fear of discovery and death. 【精讲】 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① describe此处是及物动词，表示“描述”，名词形式为description。例如：Please describe the book you are reading.Words cannot describe her beauty. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② death为不可数名词，意为“死亡”，动词是die，形容词是dead。The sudden death of his mother made him very sad.【经典练】1.—Could you ________ your new pet to me, Jeff?—Sure. It is a black cat and has big eyes.A．sell B．leave C．save D．describe【答案】D【详解】——杰夫，你能给我描述一下你的新宠物吗？——当然，它是一只黑猫，有一双大眼睛。考查动词辨析。sell卖；leave离开；save节约；describe描述。根据“It is a black cat and has big eyes.”可知，它是一只黑猫，有一双大眼睛，这是对猫的描述。故选D【写作佳句】People were moved by his experience and described him as having “a heart of gold”.人们被他的经历所感动，形容他有一颗“金子般的心”。考点22 My father is in his fifties.【精讲】年代用定冠词the +基数词表示的世纪与十位整数的复数形式构成:Eg: in the19 90s (其中19表示的是世纪,90s是年代)= in the nineteen nineties = in the nineties of the twentieth century在二十世纪九十年代 (注意两种表达方式的不同之处)in the early / late1990s在二十世纪早/晚期in the nineties在九十年代注意: in1990 (无冠词、无复数) 在1990年★数字复数还可以表示人的年龄: in one's + 整十的复数Eg. in her twenties (注意必须用one's, 而不是the)in my early forties在我四十出头考点23 usual ad通常的,平常的[教材原句]You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more.【精讲】① usual ad通常的,平常的 as usual/ a usual way/ an unusual plant② unusual adj. 不寻常的 something unusual不寻常的事③ usually adv. 通常, 经常④构词法:在部分形容词前加un-; dis-; im-; in-; ir-等前缀, 构成对应的反义词●un-: unable, unhappy, unimportant等●dis-: dishonest●im-; impossible, impolite, impatient等●in-; incorrect●ir-; irregular【经典练】1．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—What happened to him then? —He got on the bus and sat on his ________ seat again.A．common B．usual C．strange D．normal【答案】B【详解】句意：——他后来怎么样了？——他上了公共汽车，又坐在他平时的座位上。考查形容词辨析。common普通的；usual平时的；strange奇怪的；normal正常的。根据“He got on the bus and sat on his...seat again.”可知，坐在他平时的座位上。故选B。【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模）We Chinese usually put things on the plate while people in France are supposed to put bread on the table.我们中国人通常把东西放在盘子里，而法国人应该把面包放在桌子上。考点24 surprise 惊奇[教材原句]To my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death.【精讲】① surprise 惊奇 Eg. to one' s surprise 令某人惊讶的是令人惊讶的事 Eg. What a big surprise!② surprise vt. 使惊奇, 使措手不及Eg. surprise him a lot使他大为惊讶Sth. surprise sb. Eg. What surprised me most was that she failed the exam.③ surprised adj. 吃惊的,惊讶的look surprised看起来吃惊的样子 (侧重人的感受) a surprised lookSb. be surprised at sth. be surprised to do sth.④ surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 Eg. a surprising ending一个意想不到的结局 (侧重说明事物)⑤ research un. 研究;调查Eg. medical research医学研究 do research on对……进行研究 (多指科学研究)survey 问卷或问题的形式进行调查 【经典练】.Much to our _________, Sam wasn’t _________ at the _________ news.A.surprise; surprised; surprise B.surprise; surprised; surprisingC.surprised; surprising; surprised D.surprising; surprised; surprise【答案】B【解析】句意：使我们惊讶的是，山姆对这个意外的消息一点也不惊讶。surprise为名词，Much to our surprise出乎我们的意料，surprised感到意外的，一般是人作为主语; surprising令人惊讶的，一般是物作为主语，故选B。2．To my ________, he wasn’t sad when he lost one of his arms in the car accident.A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprises【答案】A【详解】句意：令我惊讶的是，当他在车祸中失去一只手臂时，他并不难过。考查词义辨析。surprise惊讶；surprised惊讶的；surprising令人惊讶的；surprises使惊讶。to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”，固定短语。故选A。【写作佳句】（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）Give me a chance, and I’ll bring you a surprise.给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。一．语法精讲——并列连词一、状语从句(I)【精讲】引导时间状语从句的连词有：while, when, as, as soon as, till, until, not…until, before, after, since, whenever, etc.二、单元话题写作一、话题分析本单元的话题是“成长与感恩”，要求学生能简单介绍在自己成长过程中对自己有影响的人物或者是想要感激的人，本单元写作要求同学们能根据相关信息提示简单地介绍对自己有影响的人物或者是想要感激的人。内容包括人物的身份、职业、具体事例等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：1. 能用时间状语从句组织内容；2. 能用正确的时态介绍人物的事例；3. 能正确使用标点符号；4. 能正确书写英语句子。二、写作步骤步骤一：确定人物及事例介绍的内容和顺序。步骤二：列举丰富的句型，多多益善。步骤三：成段成篇，修改完善。三、词汇积累知识点：1. 挂在心上=on one’s mind 2. 成长= grow up3.喊醒某人= . wake sb up 4. 大量信息= a great deal of information 5. 参加…的选拔= try out for 6. 拒绝做某事= refuse to do sth 7. 失去信心= lose heart 8.从那时起= from then on 9. because of +doing sth = 因为…. 10.练习做某事= practise doing sth. 11. 让某人做某事= get sb to do sth 12. 让某人惊讶的是= to one’s surprise13. 有一颗充满爱的心= have a heart full of love 14. 继续去某事= go on to do sth 15. 多于= more than = over 16.被命名=be named17.邀请某人做某事=invite sb to do sth 18.决定做某事=decide to do sth=make a decision to do sth 19.导致=lead to20.结果=as a result21. 被迫做某事= be forced to do sth 22. 注意= take notice of23. 他最骄傲的那一刻是在1998年= his proudest moment came in 1998.24. 足够做某事= be enough to do sth 25.为生命安全担忧=in fear of one’s life26.改变某人的主意=change one’s mind27.爆发=break out 抛锚，精神崩溃=break down 闯入= break into 中断=break off 分开，裂开=break up 28.令某人吃惊是=to one’s surprise29.远离=get away from 30.躲藏起来= go into hiding31. die of =死于(内因)； die from =死于（外因)32. 在某人多少岁时= in +one’s +年龄复数 33. 乐意做某事= be ready to do sth = be willing to do sth 34. 关心= care for35. 需要中= in need 四、句型积累... is in one's twenties/thirties/forties.... You will not find ... until ...... has always been ....Whenever, ....... since ....To my surprise, ... has decided to ....When I ..., I ....Now I realize that ....例文：升入中学已经两年多了，回顾过去的两年，你对谁最感激（grateful）呢? 请你以Thank you，×××为题，写一篇80词左右的短文. 短文必须围绕以下提示展开：1）Who is the person? 2）What has he/she done for you? Please give one or two examples. 3）What have you learnt from him/her? Thank you, _______________Dear ,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Thank you, MumDear Mum, I'd like to say thank you for what you have done for me. You not only look after me well but also do whatever you can to help me get out of trouble. When I was in Grade 7, I was weak in English. I felt hopeless. It was you who offered me so much support and made me feel confident. You gave me valuable advice and spent a great deal of time helping me practice English. With your help，I improved my English quickly. What's more, I realized that nothing is impossible for a willing heart. Thank you, Mum.【范文点评】本文要求按照所给的材料，以 Thank you，×××为题写一篇短文。首先要找到感谢的对象，把题目补充完整。分析可知，人称以第一，二人称为主，时态以一般过去时为主。首先要根据提示弄清写作要点，紧扣要点去写；写作时，注意文章的连贯性，层次要清楚，要点要分明，中心要突出。【点评】考查材料作文。这篇作文行文流畅，合乎逻辑，语句通顺，条理清晰。短语 not only…but also,get out of , be weak in ,a great deal of ,with one's help和句子 It was you who offered me so much support and made me feel confident. 是本文的亮点。Unit4 Growing up一．重点词组赏析Unit4核心话题“成长与感恩”重点词汇time,whenever,through,deal ,score,stand, leader, name, university, simply,national championship ,succeed ,scholarship ,career ,against ,record ,symbol,victory ,spirit German,thought,survive,admire,courage,unusual,cancer15.surprise ,research ,death重点短语1. on one's mind 2.finish building3.as soon as 4.learn about the world from books5.through the Internet 6.a great deal of information7.people in different times and places8.allow me(not) to do 9. the shortest player 10.try out for...11.lose heart.12.decide to do sth13.be translated into14.a record of that time 15.die of 重点句型1.You've been happy since I first met you.2.I can read them whenever I want to.3.As soon as you click the mouse, there's a great deal of information.4.Don't wake me up until you finish building it.5.It's a pity that they couldn't enjoy a happy life just as we do. 6.Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives.7.He gave our TV to a family who could not afford one. 8.Whenever he has some money left, he gives it to someone in need. 9.He cares for the children who have lost their parents.语法 状语从句写作介绍对自己有影响的人物或者是想要感激的人时间状语从句连词例句说明whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。when指的是“某一具体的时间”。while① While it was raining, they went out.正当天下雨的时候，他们出去了。②I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候而我在。(然而)③All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.(然而，并列连词)①while指“在某一段时间里”，“在┉期间”，有时表示主从句的轻微转折，译为：“然而”②while引导的动作必须是持续性的。as① He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，一边走一边向后看。② As time goes by, I like China better.随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。①as （译为“一边……一边”）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；②as译为“随着……” before① I finished my task before I went home.我做完作业才回家。② Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。在….以前afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。after“在┉之后”till until①We waited till(until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。②She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .她直到11点钟才停止工作。③Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到……为止”； = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②not…until…表示“直到…才…”“在…以前不…”。主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until可用before替换。【例】He didn’t leave until/before I came back.有时可用never, nothing代替not.③ 如果从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until, 不用till. since Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 主句动词为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。①如果状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开；②如果从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon as = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。②My brother went out as soon as I got home. ③I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.as soon as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后， 意为“一…就…”。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。当主句是一般过去时，从句一般也用一般过去时，简言之：主将从现；主过从过Whenever  = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Whenever he sees the book, he will think of the good memory.无论何时，他看到那本书，他都会想起美好的记忆。whenever = no matter when 无论何时1 挂在心上；惦记 on one’s mind2 在不同时期和地方in different times and places3 一……就……as soon as...4 大量，许多 a great deal (of+不可数n.) 5 参加……选拔(或试演) try out for sth.6 泄气，灰心 lose heart7 拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth.8 有/没有做某事的机会 get a/the / no chance to do sth.9 从那以后/从现在起from then on/ from now on10 使某人做某事get sb. to do sth.11 改变主意change one’s mind12 身高170厘米170 cm tall / 170 cm in height13 让某人引起……的注意bring sb. to the attention of...14 成功地做某事succeed in doing sth.15 注意，觉察……take notice of ...16 从……毕业graduate from...17 强迫某人做某事force sb. to do sth.18 对……认真严肃become / be serious about...19 爆发（无被动）break out20 失去生命，丧生lose one’s life21 把……翻译成……translate ... into...22 那个时代的记录a record of that time23 人类精神胜利的象征a symbol of the victory of the human spirit24 躲藏go into hiding25 死于die of / from26 使某事被做 have sth. done27 从战争/地震中幸存survive the war / the earthquake28 钦佩某事物/因某事物而钦佩某人admire sth. / admire sb. for sth.29 为生命安全担忧in fear of one’s life30 与……有关relate to ...31 ……的状态the state of ...32 畅销(无被动）sell well33 在某人五十多岁in one’s fifties34 令某人惊奇的是to one’s surprise35 照顾，照料；喜欢，想要care for 二、重点句型赏析 怎么了？自从我第一次遇见你，你一直都快乐。What’s up? You’ve been happy since I first met you. 直到你建完（房子）再叫醒我。Don’t wake me up until you finish building it.只要我想，我无论何时都可以阅读它们（书籍）。I can read them whenever I want to.一旦点击鼠标，就有大量心血。As soon as you click the mouse, there’s a great deal of information.上初中的时候，斯巴德去参加校（篮球）队选拔，但是因为他太瘦小，起初被拒绝了。While attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team, but he was refused to play at first because he was too small.他练习得甚至更努力了并让教练改变了主意。He practised even harder and got the coach to change his mind.但是，没有大学会邀请他去打篮球，仅仅因为他只有170厘米高。However, no university would invite him to play basketball simply because he was only 170 cm tall.在那儿他带领他的队进入了全国锦标赛。There he led his team to the national championship.毕业后，他被迫在另一个篮球联盟打球。After graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.1985年，他加入亚特兰大老鹰队，成为当时NBA最矮的球员。In 1985, he joined the Atalanta Hawks and became the shortest player in the NBA at that time.通过努力，斯巴德·韦伯证明高矮胖瘦真的不重要——只要你永不放弃，几乎没有做不到的。Through hard work, Spud Webb proved that size and body type really does not matter——you can do almost anything if you never give up.1939年二战在欧洲爆发，到1942年结束。World War  = 2 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT II broke out in Europe in 1939 and ended in 1942.战后，他父亲收集了她的日记，1947年将之发表。After the war, her father collected her diary and had it published in 1947.在日记中，她写下了她的想法，她的感情，以及她对未来的希望和梦想。In her diary, Anne wrote down her thoughts, her feelings, her hopes and her dreams for the future.15.然而，可惜他们无法像我们一样享受快乐的生活。However, it’s a pity that they couldn’t enjoy a happy life just as we do.16.虽然我们生活在和平环境，世界其他地方的一些孩子仍然为生命安全而担忧。Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives.17.他照料那些无父无母的孩子。He cares for the children who have lost their parents.18.让我惊讶的是，他决定在死后为医疗研究捐赠自己的遗体。To my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death.19.现在我意识到他充满了爱心。Now I realize that he has a heart full of love.三、重点知识点赏析1. however however是副词，意为“尽管如此，可是，仍然”，可以放在句首、句中或句尾，但要用逗号隔开。例如：It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go to school on time. 雨下得很大，我仍然认为该准时上学。She waited, however, for no answer. 然而她没有等来回答。【拓展】however与but的辨析：(1) 从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比however强。(2) 从语法上看，but是个并列连词，而however却是个副词。(3) 从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于分句之首、之中或之尾，但在翻译成汉语时，一定要把它放在分句之首。(4) 从标点上看，but之后一般不得使用逗号，但however位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。例如：We love peace, but we are not afraid of war. 我们热爱和平，但是我们并不害怕战争。He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。You can phone the doctor. However, I doubt whether he will come out on a Saturday night. 你可以给医生打电话。不过，我怀疑他是否会在周六晚上出诊。He said that it was so. He was mistaken, however. 他说事情是这样的，然而他错了。2. while(1) while 作连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，并且是主句和从句动作同时发生，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词或表状态，且常用进行时态。例如： He came in while I was watching TV. 当我在看电视时，他进来了。 (2) while作连词，还可意为“而，然而”，强调动作的对比。例如： I like tea while she likes coffee. 我爱喝茶，而她爱喝咖啡。 (3) while作名词，意为“一会儿，片刻”，常用于after a while中，表示“过了一会儿”。例如： After a while, she came to herself. 过了一会儿，她苏醒过来了。【拓展】while; when与as的辨析： (1) while强调动作同时进行，从句常用进行时，其动词必须为延续性动词或表状态。例如： Could you look after my dog while I’m away? 我离开时，你能照看我的狗吗？ (2) when既可指动作同时进行，也可指先后发生，从句中的动作既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性动词。若是同时发生且为延续性动词，则可与while互换；若when作并列连词，表示“就在那时，这时候”则只能用when，并且when引导的从句只能放在后面。 试比较： When the alien got out, the girl was shopping. = While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.当外星人出来时， 小女孩在购物。 We were watching TV when there was a knock at the door. 我们在看电视，这时有人敲门。 (3) as多指主句从句两动作同时发生，常翻译为“一边……一边……”。例如： They talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。3. stand stand作名词，意为“站台，看台”。例如：The little girl watching the game in the stand is my sister.正在站台上观看比赛的小女孩是我妹妹。【拓展】 (1) stand作动词，意为“忍受”。例如： I can’t stand the hot weather. 我忍受不了这种炎热的天气。 (2) stand作动词，还可意为“站，站立”。例如： Don’t stand here. 不要站在这里。4. leaderleader是可数名词，意为“领导者；领袖”，它是由动词lead + 后缀-er构成的名词。例如： He is a born leader. 他是个天生的领袖。【拓展】表示职业或身份的名词小结： (1) 以-ist结尾的有： pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家 physicist物理学家 scientist科学家 (2) 以-er，-r或-or结尾的有： teacher教师 painter画家 writer作家 singer歌唱家 visitor参观者 actor演员 engineer工程师 inventor发明家 professor教授 reporter记者 (3) 以-man结尾的有： postman邮递员 policeman警察 businessman商人 spaceman宇航员 fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工 (4) 以-ian结尾的有： musician音乐家 politician政治家5. decide decide是动词，意为“决定，选定”。其主要用法有：(1) decide sth. 例如： I can’t decide anything at the moment. 现在我不能做出任何决定。 (2) decide to do sth. 例如： We decide to go to Paris next month. 我们决定下个月去巴黎。【拓展】decide on…意为“由……决定；决定于……”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：I decided on going to Beijing at last. 最后我决定去北京了。My mother decided on the red dress. 我妈妈决定买下那件红色的裙子6. lead lead作及物动词，意为“带路，领路，指引”，lead…to…意为“带领……去……”。例如：The schoolmaster met us and led us round the campus. 校长接待了我们，并带我们在校园里转了转。The road leads you to the station. 这条路指引你通往车站。【拓展】(1) lead sb. to do sth. 意为“致使/诱惑……”。例如： What led you to think so? 什么使你这么想呢？(2) lead to意为“（道路等）通往……；引起（结果等）”。例如： All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 The heavy rain led to a flood. 大雨导致洪水。7. as a result as a result为固定短语，意为“因此，结果”。例如：He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus. 他今天起晚了，结果没赶上第一班公交车。【拓展】as a result与as a result of的辨析： (1) as a result意为“因此，结果”，后面指事情的结果。例如： He worked hard at his study. As a result, he passed the exam easily.他在学习上很刻苦，结果他很容易地通过了考试。 (2) as a result of意为“由于”，后跟名词或代词，相当于because of。例如： He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪，他迟到了。8. joinjoin是动词，意为“参加，加入”。宾语有以下几种形式： (1) join + 表示团体或组织的名词，join意为“加入（某团体），成为……（成员）”。例如： Yao Ming joined the NBA. 姚明加入了NBA。 (2) join + 指人的名词或代词，join意为“加入……之中”。例如：Will you join us for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭好吗？ (3) join + in + 活动类名词，join in意为“参加（活动）。”例如：Can you join in the game? 你能参加这个游戏吗？ 【拓展】 join; join in和take part in 的辨析：join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，并成为其中一员。join in指参加某项比赛或活动，常用于口语中，也可用于join sb in (doing) sth 意为“加入……（做）……”。take part in指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用，有时与join in互换。例如：I joined the army in 1996. 我是1996年参军的。I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill. 我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。May I join in the football match? 我可以参加这场足球比赛吗？9. Growing up is hard! (1) grow up为固定短语，意为“成长，长大”。例如： I grew up in Chicago. 我在芝加哥长大。 I want to be a teacher when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名教师。 (2) 本句为动名词短语growing up作主语的句子。例如： Learning English well isn’t difficult. 学好英语并不难。 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛有害。10. Books allow me to learn about people in different times and places, and I can read them whenever I want to.allow是动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；allow doing sth.“允许做……”。例如： My parents don’t allow me to smoke. 我的父母不允许我抽烟。We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。Her boss doesn’t allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允许她使用电话。11. Don’t wake me up until you finish building it.(1) until既可作介词又可作连词。作介词时，后接表示时间的名词或数词；作连词时，后接表示时间的状语从句。例如：He waited until 12:00. 他一直等到12点钟。He didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到他爸爸回来，他才上床睡觉。(2) until既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句，但二者所表达的时间界限不同。用于肯定句，表示动作一直持续到until后的时刻；用于否定句，构成….not…until的固定搭配，意为“直到……才……”表示动作从until后的时刻开始。例如： I did my homework until my mother came back from work. 我一直做作业直到妈妈下班回家。 I didn’t do my homework until my mother came back from work. 直到妈妈下班回家，我才做作业。(3) until引导的时间状语从句，表将来的动作时，只能用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现”。例如： I will wait for him until he comes back. 我将一直等到他回来。12. Before and after can also be used as prepositions of time.be used as意思是“被作为……使用”，as是介词，意思是“作为”，它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。例如：　 Our classroom is used as a reading-room. 我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。The computer can be used as a tool.计算机可以被当作工具用。【拓展】(1) be used for 意思是“被用来做某事”，for是介词，它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如：　 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来割东西的。(2) be used by意思是“被……使用”，by后面跟人或者物，表示强调动作的使用者。例如：　 This radio is often used by my mother. 这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。(3) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，和be used for doing是同义词短语。例如：It is used for learning English.＝It is used to learn English. 它被用来学习英语的。(4) be used to doing something的意思是“习惯于做某事”。 　例如：　 My father is used to living in the village. 我的爸爸习惯于住在乡村。13. I go jogging every morning.“go+动词-ing形式”表示“去做某事”，常用于从事某一项体育活动或休闲娱乐活动，动名词前面不能用some或其他表示数量概念的词语修饰，常见的短语有：go bike riding 骑自行车远行 go sightseeing 去观光 go shopping去买东西 go skating去滑冰go swimming去游泳 go boating去划船go walking去散步 go climbing去登山go dancing去跳舞 go hiking 去远足【拓展】动词do后跟动名词形式构成短语，动名词作do的宾语，具有名词性质，可以用some或the 修饰。例如：do some reading阅读 do some washing洗涮 do some cooking做饭 do some swimming游泳 do some speaking多说 do some listening多听