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鲁教版(五四)七上英语 unit2 知识点讲义 素材
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这是一份鲁教版(五四)七上英语 unit2 知识点讲义 素材,共12页。
Unit 2 I’d like some noodles.Section A重点单词及短语special n. 特色菜;特价品/ adj. 特别的;特殊的special 名词,意为“特别的东西,特殊的事物”,还可意为“特价品”。例:We have some great specials.我们有一些很好的特价品。【拓展】①special 可用作形容词,意为“特别的;特殊的”。specially 是其副词形式,意为“特别地”。例:It's a special day today. 今天是个特别的日子。②与special 相关的短语:a special train 专列 a special hospital 专科医院 special education 特殊教育yet adv. (常用于否定句或疑问句中)还;仍然yet 为副词,意为“还;仍然;已经”,通常用于否定句或疑问句中,置于句末。例:Is everything ready yet? 一切都准备好了吗? 【拓展】yet 用作并列连词时,意为“然而;可是”例:It’s time to go, yet I’m not ready. 该走了,可是我还没准备好。large adj. 大号的;大的large 形容词,意为“大号的;大的”;表示具体事物面积和体积大时,可与 big 互换。例:We have a house with a large/big yard.我们有一所带有一个大院子的房子。【辨析】large与biglarge 一般指物体的面积、空间、范围大,修饰物而不修饰人,其反义词为small,较 big 更正式 例:There is a large lake near our school.在我们学校附近有一个大湖。big 一般指物体的体积庞大、笨重,其反义词为small 或little 例:Do you want a big apple or a small apple? 你想要一个大苹果还是小苹果?order n.&v. 点菜;命令order 可数名词,意为“点菜,订购”。order 也可作动词,意为“点菜;预订”。例:I want to give the bookshop an order for this book.我想向书店订购这本书。【拓展】①order 作动词,意为“命令,嘱咐”。常用结构为: order sb. to do sth.“命令某人做某事”。例:Order him to act at once!命令他立即行动!②order 可作不可数名词,意为“秩序,顺序”。例:Look! Your house is out of order 看!你家太乱了。Put the sentence in right order. 按正确的顺序排列句子。size n. 大小;尺码size 是名词,意为“大小;尺码”,既可表示物体的大小,又可表示服装、鞋帽等的尺码、号码。例:- What size shoes does your father wear?你爸爸穿多大号的鞋?- He wears Size 8. 他穿 8 号的。bowl n. 碗bowl 可数名词,意为“碗”;a bowl of 意为“一碗 ”其后通常接不可数名词,强调容量而不是数量;表示复数概念时,直接把 bowl 变为复数即可。例:Mary only eats a bowl of porridge for breakfast. 玛丽早餐只喝一碗粥。There are two bowls of rice on the table. 桌子上有两碗米饭。【拓展】“冠词/数词+容器名称+of+名词” 结构常用来表示不可数名词的量。a bottle of water 一瓶水 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶 a cup of tea 一杯茶重点句子I’m not sure yet. 我还没确定。①I'm not sure. 意为“我不确定。”常用于口语中,表示把握性不大的事。例:-Our teacher is coming, isn't he? 我们的老师要来,是吗?-I’m not sure. 我不太清楚【拓展】①sure作形容词,常用于 be sure of/about sth., be sure to do sth., be sure+that从句。例:He is sure of his success. He is sure that he will succeed他确信他会成功。(主语对成功有把握)He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。(说话人的看法)②sure还可用作副词,意为“当然;的确”。常用来回答一般疑问句,相当于yes, certainly或 of course例:Are you going with us'?你要和我们一起去吗? Sure.当然。-Are there any vegetables in the beef noodles? 牛肉面里面有蔬菜吗?there be结构的一般疑问句由“ls/ Are there+某物+某地?”构成,意为“某地有某物吗?肯定回答用“Yes, there is/are.",否定回答用“No,there isn’t./aren’t.”例:-Is there any meat in the soup汤里有肉吗-Yes, there is.是的,有。【拓展】① there be结构为存在句,意为“某地有某物”,其中的be( is/are)和后面所跟的名词在数的方面应一致。当名词为不可数名词或单数名词时用is;当名词为复数名词时用are。如果be后有多个名词,则应以最靠近be的名词的情况来确定be的形式用is还是are。例:There is some water in the bottle瓶子里有一些水。There are many birds in the tree树上有许多鸟There is a book and two pens on the desk.(就近原则)课桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。② there be句型的否定式应在be后加上not或no。注意not和no的不同:not是副词no是形容词, not a/an/any+名词”相当于“no+名词”。例:There is not any meat in the soup. =There is no meat in the soup.汤里没有肉。- Yes, there are some tomatoes. 是的,有一些西红柿。some 意为“一些 ”,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于肯定句中。例:I have some stamps. 我有一些邮票。【拓展】some 可用于表示建议、邀请的疑问句中并希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中。例:Would you like some apple juice?你想要些苹果汁吗?What kind of noodles would you like? 你想要哪种面条?(1)What kind of noodles would you like?句型,用来询问某人想要什么样的/哪种物品。what kind of 意为“什么样的,哪种”。例:What kind of movies would you like?你想看什么样的电影?(2)kind 可数名词,意为“种,种类”。常构成短语: a kind of 一种,all kinds of 各种各样的, different kinds of 不同种类的。例:There is a kind of sheep in the zoo. 动物园里有一种羊。There are all kinds of food in the fridge. 冰箱里有各种各样的食物。【拓展】①kind 形容词,意为“仁慈的,友爱的”。be kind to sb.“对某人友好”,相当于be friendly to sb.例:He is kind to everyone. 他对每一个人都很友善。②It's kind of sb.to do sth. 意为“某人做某事真是太好了”,是对别人提供帮助的感谢语。例:It's very kind of you to visit me when I'm ill. 我生病时你来看我真是太好了。③kind of 意为“有点儿,稍微”,后跟形容词或副词,相当于 a little, a bit,a little bit.例:The elephant is kind of cute. 那头大象有点儿可爱。We'd also like gongbao chicken and some mapo tofu with rice.我们也想要宫保鸡丁和麻婆豆腐外带米饭。with 介词,此处意为“和,同,跟”。例:I'd like a hamburger with a cup of coke. 我想要一个汉堡外加一杯可乐。【拓展】with 的其他用法:①具有;带有 例:China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。②with 可作状语,表示伴随等例:Miss Li walks into the classroom with a smile on her face.李老师面带笑容地走进教室。③以(手段、材料),用(工具)例:You can eat it with a spoon. 你可以用汤匙来吃它。Section Bfish n.鱼肉fish 可用作不可数名词,意为“鱼肉”。还可用作可数名词,意为“鱼”,表示鱼的数量时,单复数同形;表示鱼的种类时其复数形式为fishes。例:I have three fish at home.我家里有三条鱼。There are all kinds of fishes in the sea.大海里有各种各样的鱼。answer n. 答案 /v. 回答answer 作可数名词,意为“答案,回答,答复”,后面常接介词to,表示“ 的答案”。例:I don't know the answer to this question.我不知道这个问题的答案。【拓展】①answer 可作及物动词,意为“回答,答复,应答”。例:The boy can't answer this question.那个男孩回答不出这个问题。②answer 还可作不及物动词,意为“回答”。例:He answered with a smile.他微笑作答。different adj. 不同的different 形容词,意为“不同的”。常用短语 be different from 意为“与....不同”,相当于not the same as....例:My pen is different from yours. ( = My pen is not the same as yours.) 我的钢笔与你的钢笔不同。age n. 年龄age 名词,意为“年龄”,常用短语: at the age of“在 ……岁时”。例:I can speak English at the age of four. 我在 4 岁时就能说英语。blow v. 吹blow 此处作不及物动词,意为“吹”;blow out 意为“吹灭”。例:The wind is blowing hard.风很大。【拓展】blow out 中out 为副词,后接名词作宾语时,宾语可以紧跟其后,也可置于 blow 与out 之间,但接代词作宾语时, 必须放在 blow 与 out 之间。例:The candles are burning. Don't blow them out. 蜡烛正在燃烧。不要吹灭它们。popular adj. 受欢迎的;普遍的popular 形容词,意为“受欢迎的;普遍的;流行的”。在句中作表语或定语。get popular 意为“变得流行”。例:She is very popular. 她很受欢迎。【拓展】popular 作定语时,口语中常简略为pop,如:pop singers“流行歌手”。popular 可构成词组be popular with...意为“受到……的欢迎/喜爱”。例:Pop music is popular with young people.流行音乐受到年轻人的欢迎。idea n. 想法;主意idea 可数名词,意为“想法;主意”。例:I have a good idea.我有一个好主意。I have an idea that he will come today.我有一个想法,他今天会来的。【拓展】①当别人提出一个好的建议和想法时,通常用“That's a good idea!或Good idea!(那是个好主意!或好办法!)”。例:- Let's go out for a walk.让我们出去散散步吧。- Good idea!好主意!②I have no idea.意为“我不知道”,相当于 I don't know.。例:Mary has no idea about how to learn Chinese well. ( = Mary doesn't know how to learn Chinese well. )玛丽不知该如何学好汉语。重点句子I don’t like onions, green tea and porridge. 我不喜欢洋葱、绿茶和粥。or 此处作并列连词,意为“或者;和”,用于否定句和疑问句中,肯定句中用 and。例:I don' like chicken or beef. 我不喜欢鸡肉和牛肉。【拓展】①or 用在选择疑问句中,意为“或;还是”。例:- Is your brother tall or short?你弟弟个子高还是矮?- He is tall 他个子高。②or 用于否定词后,意为“也不”。例:He never smokes or drinks.他从不抽烟,也不喝酒。③or 用于“析使句 + or + 简单句”句型中,意为“否则”。例:Hurry up, or you'll be late for class.快点儿,否则你将上课迟到了。Birthday Food Around the World 世界各地的生日食品around the world 意为“世界各地”,相当于 all over the world,此处为介词短语,作后置定语。例:We have friends around the world. 我们的朋友遍世界。The number of candles is the person’s age. 蜡烛的数量是过生日人的年龄。(1)the number of 意为“...的数量”,后跟名词复数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。例:The number of students in the room is 50.房间里学生的数量是 50。【拓展】a number of 意为“许多”,后跟复数名词。作主语时谓语动词用复数。例:A number of students are playing basketball. 许多学生在打篮球。There are a large number of teachers in our city. 在我们城市有很多教师。(2)age 名词,意为“年龄”,常用短语: at the age of“在……岁时”。例:I can speak English at the age of four. 我在 4 岁时就能说英语。【注意】询问年龄时常用What’s your age? 或 How old be sb.?The birthday person must make a wish and blow out the candles.过生日的人必须许愿并吹灭蜡烛。(1)must情态动词,意为“必须”,后直接加动词原形。表示义务、意图或建议等。例:I must leave at six today我今天必须六点钟离开。【拓展】①must用于肯定句中表示推测,意为“必定,一定”。表示推测时的否定式是can't或 couldn't(不可能)。例:The light is still on, so he must be at home.灯还亮着,所以他一定在家。The light isn’t on, so he can’t be at home灯没亮,所以他不可能在家。②在回答must引起的一般疑问句时,否定回答可用don' t have to或 needn't(不必),但不能用 mustn't例:-Must I answer the question at once?我必须马上回答这个问题吗?- Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t./No , you don't have to.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。/不,你不必。【辨析】must与 have tomust 强调主观上认为“必须”做某事 例:I must do my homework first.我必须先做作业have to 强调客观上要求“不得不”做某事例:You have to wear your uniform on duty.你在值班时必须穿制服。wish 此处作可数名词,意为“心愿,愿望,祝愿”;make a wish 意为“许愿望”。例:Best wishes to you for the new year!给你新年的良好祝愿!【拓展】wish 作动词,意为“希望,但愿,祝愿”。其用法如下:①wish to do sth.“希望做某事”。例:I wish to have a good job.我希望有一份好工作。②wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”。例:I wish you to go.我希望你去。③wish 表良好的“祝愿”,后接“宾语+宾补(形容词或名词)”。例:Wish you a happy New Year!祝你新年快乐!blow 此处作不及物动词,意为“吹”;blow out 意为“吹灭”。例:The wind is blowing hard.风很大。Let's blow out the candles.让我们吹灭蜡烛吧。【拓展】blow out 中out 为副词,后接名词作宾语时,宾语可以紧跟其后,也可置于 blow 与out 之间,但接代词作宾语时, 必须放在 blow 与 out 之间。例:The candles are burning. Don't blow them out. 蜡烛正在燃烧。不要吹灭它们。If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true. 如果他或她一口气把蜡烛全部吹灭的话,许多愿望便会成真。(1)本句为含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。主句用一般将来时,if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来, 即“主将从现”。例:If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo. 如果明天下雨,我们将不去动物园。(2)in one go 意为“一口气”,相当于 at one go。go 此处作可数名词,常用于口语,其前可加不定冠词 a,have a go 意为“试一试”。例:I can swim about 30 meters in/at one go. 我能一口气游 30 米左右。I want to have a go. 我想要试一试。In China, it is getting popular to have cake on one’s birthday. 在中国,生日时吃蛋糕日渐流行。此句中 it 为形式主语,真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语to have cake on one’s birthday。例:It is not easy to finish the work in two days. 两天之内完成这项工作不容易。They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life. 他们从不切断面条,因为长长的面条是长寿的象征。cut up 意为“切碎”,是一个“动词+副词”型短语,代词作宾语时只能放在中间;名词作宾语时,可放在中间,也可放在up 后面。例:Pass the meat to me. I'll cut it up. 把肉递给我,我来切碎它。Cut up the vegetables, please.请把菜切碎。【拓展】与cut 相关的其他短语:cut down 砍倒 cut off 剪下,切下,砍下 cut..into...把.....切成 cut in 插话How can a person make his or her birthday wish come true? 一个人怎样使他或她的生日愿望实现?make 为使役动词。 意为“使,让,叫”,其后接不带to 的动词不定式作宾语,即 make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”。例:Don’t make him sleep late. 不要让他睡过头。【拓展】①“make sb.//sth. +形容词”表示“使某人/某物处于某种状态”。例:I like reading books because they can make me happy . 我喜欢读书,因为书籍能给我带来快乐。②make friends (with sb.) (与某人)交朋友例:Tom makes some Chinese friends.汤姆交了一些中国朋友。But we are short of fish. 但是我们缺少鱼。be short of 意为“缺少,缺乏”。例:We're short of food. 我们缺少食物。Are you short of money? 你缺钱吗?10. Put on your glasses and you can see the mutton. 戴上你的眼镜,你就会看到羊肉了。put on 意为“穿上;戴上”。例:It's cold outside. Put on your sweater.外面很冷,穿上你的毛衣吧。【辨析】put on与wearput on “穿上;戴上”,后接衣服、鞋、帽等 强调“穿”这一动作wear “穿着;戴着”,宾语可以是衣帽,也可是饰物等 强调“穿着;戴 着”这一状态例:Can I put on the jeans? 我可以穿上这条牛仔裤吗? She often wears glasses. 她经常戴着眼镜。