鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit6 知识清单 素材

这是一份鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit6 知识清单 素材，共18页。
Unit 6 Sad movies make me cry.Section A重点单词及短语1. rather 相当；相反 adv.would rather 宁愿，表示主观上的选择，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某事【拓展】would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿做…… = would do sth. rather than do sth.= prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.= prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 例：I would rather read a book than watch TV. 我宁愿看书也不愿看电视。I would read a book rather than watch TV.I prefer to read a book rather than watch TV. I prefer reading a book to watching TV. 2. drive (drove, driven) 迫使 v.drive sb. crazy/mad 使某人发疯/发狂drive sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事（尤指不好的事情） 例：Hunger drove me mad.【拓展】drive 开车，驾驶 v. driver 司机 n.3. lately 最近，不久前 adv. 常用于完成时的句子中，同义词为 recently例：I haven’t had enough sleep lately. 我最近没有足够的睡眠。【辨析】lately, latest, later 与 latelately 副词，意为“最近，不久前”，同义词为 recently 例：I have received a letter from her lately. 最近我收到了她的一封信。latest 形容词，意为“最近的，最新的” 例：This is the latest song. 这是最新的歌曲。later 副词，意为“过后，稍后”，可单独使用。“一段时间 + later” 意为“过了……以后”，常用于过去时态 例：She arrived in New York on Sunday. Two days later, she left for London. 她星期日到达了纽约。两天后，她动身去了伦敦。late 形容词或副词，意为“晚的（地），迟的（地）” 例：I was late for school this morning. 今天早上我上学迟到了。friendship 友谊 n. 不可数名词例：Our friendship lasts forever. 我们的友谊地久天长。【拓展】名词后缀-ship 通常表示“情况；状态；关系；身份；职位；资格”等hardship 艰苦；艰难 relationship 关系 partnership 合伙关系；合作关系 membership 会员身份；会员资格5. power 权利，力量 n. powerful 权利强大的，强有力的 adj.例：How much power does he have?他有多少权力？ Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 He was one of the most powerful men in this area. 他是这个地区最有权势的人之一。6. wealth 财富 n. 不可数名词 wealthy 富裕的，有钱的 adj.例：He is a man of wealth. 他是个富翁。He lives in a wealthy area in the country. 他住在这个国家的一个富裕的地区。 7. uncomfortable 使人不舒服的；令人不舒服的 adj 其反义词为comfortable （使人舒服的；令人舒适的），其副词形式为uncomfortable(不舒服地)。例：What he said made me uncomfortable. 他的话使我不舒服。 重点句子1. I’d rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while I’m eating. 我宁愿去蓝色海洋餐馆，因为吃饭时我喜欢听点舒缓的音乐。I’d rather 是would rather 的缩写形式，“宁愿；宁可；更喜欢”，后跟动词原形常用来表示选择的意愿。没有人称和数的变化，其中 would 常缩写成’d 形式肯定句：would rather do sth. = prefer to do sth.例：I would rather stay at home because it’s cold outside. 我宁愿呆在家里，因为外面很冷。否定句：would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事【拓展】would rather do sth. than do sth.（than 所连接的词语必须与前面的词语在词性和结构上保持一致）= would do sth rather than do sth= prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事（表示在两者之间进行选择）2. But that music makes me sleepy. 但是那种音乐会让我昏昏欲睡。①主语+make sb. +adj.“使某人感到……；使……处于某种状态”。【拓展】make (made, made)① be made of +材料(看得出原材料) “被用……制成”② be made from+材料 (看不出原材料) “被用……制成” 例：The bread is made from wheat. 面包是由小麦制成的。③ be made in +产地 “在某地制造……” 例：This watch is made in China 这个手表是中国制造。④ be made up of … =consist of 被…… 构成⑤ make sb./sth.do sth. 使某人/物做某事⑥ be made to do sth. 被让去做某事⑦ make构成的短语make progress 取得进步 make friends with… 与……交朋友make fun of 取笑 make a living 谋生make up 组成，编造 make one’s mind 下定决心 make one’s bed 整理床铺3. Waiting for Amy drove Tina crazy.等埃米让蒂娜很发狂。①动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。② wait for… 等待……③ drive → drove→driven 驾驶；迫使 v. driver 司机 n. drive sb. crazy/mad =make sb. crazy 使某人发疯/发狂drive sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事4. The movie was so sad that it made Tina and Amy cry. 电影如此的悲伤以至于它使蒂娜和埃米哭泣。①主语+谓语+so +adj./adv. +that +句子“如此……以至于……”【辨析】so… that … /so thatso +形容词或副词＋that ...引导的肯定的结果状语从句“如此……以至于……” 例：I studied so hard that I got the first place. 我如此地努力以至于得了第一名so+形容词或副词＋that ...引导的否定的结果状语从句，“如此……以致于不能……”。so that“以便……；为了……”，引导目的状语从句。从句中常使用 can /could /may /might /will /would /should 等情态动词或助动词；例：I study hard so that I can have a good future. 我努力学习是为了能有美好的未来Did you have fun with Amy last night? 你昨晚和埃米玩的开心吗？have fun =have a good time/great time = enjoy oneself 玩的开心have fun with sb. 和某人玩的开心have fun doing sth 很愉快做某事6. Well ... yes and no. She was really late. 嗯，既开心又不开心。yes and no “既是又不是；不能说定”。表示对某一问题的两可回答，7. I’m not sure what to do about it. 关于这件事我不确信该做什么。sure ① adj.确信的，确实的make sure 确保，核实，查收，弄清楚be sure to do sth 一定要做某事be sure + that 从句②adv.当然；确实地。相当于 Certainly 或 Of course例：- Can I borrow these magazines?我能借这些杂志吗?- Sure / Certainly / Of course. 当然可以。8. Well, the more I got to know Julie, the more I’ve realized that we have a lot in common. 我越是了解朱莉，就越意识到我们是有多么的相似。① the+形容词或副词比较级 + 主语 + 谓语，the+形容词或副词比较级 + 主语 + 谓语“越……越…”。表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，其中的两个 the 都是副词，而不是冠词。例：The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你越用功，进步就越大。②have …in common 在……方面有共同点例：My sister and I have only one thing in common. 我和姐姐只有一个共同点。9. Umm ... it makes Alice unhappy because she thinks Julie is now better friends with me than with her. 嗯……这使艾丽斯不开心，因为她认为朱莉现在比她和我的关系更好。① make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友②be friendly to 对……友好10. Mmm ... why don’t you ask Alice to join you each time you do something with Julie? 嗯……每次你和朱莉在一起的时候，你何不邀请爱丽丝加入呢？①Why don’t +sb.+do sth.? =Why not + do sth.?为何不……？用来提出建议或劝告。Why don’t you go with us? =Why not go with us?你为什么不和我们一起去呢？例：Then she won’t feel left out. 然后她就不会觉得被忽略。② each time 每次，在这里为连词，引导时间状语从句。11. A long time ago, in a rich and peaceful country,there lived an unhappy king.很久很久以前，在一个富饶而和平的国家，曾经居住着一个不快乐的国外。完全倒装：以there/here 开头且主语为名词的句子要用完全倒装，谓语动词通常为 be, come, go 等。即：Here/There + 谓语动词 + 主语例：Here comes the bus. 这个公交到了。12. He slept badly and didn’t feel like eating anything. 他睡眠不好，而且不想吃东西。feel like doing sth.=want to do sth. “想要做……”例：I feel like going out for a walk. = I want to go out for a walk.我想出去散散步。【拓展】feel like 的其他用法a.表示“摸起来像……”例：It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。b.表示“感觉像(是)……”例：My legs feel like cotton wool. 我感觉两条腿软得像棉花一样。c.表示“有……的感觉”例：I’m surprised that he feels like that. 我奇怪他会有这种感觉。d.表示“给人的感觉（像）是……”例：I was only there two days, but it felt like a week. 我只在那里呆了两天，但好像过了一个星期似的。e.表示“想吃或喝……”例：Do you feel like a drink? 你想喝点什么吗？13. His face was always pale as chalk. 他总是面色苍白。pale as chalk 是一种明喻修辞结构，chalk 是一种白色的石灰岩，汉语描述不健康的人面部颜色时常用“白”字，如“煞白； 苍白；灰白”等等，英语常用 pale 来表达。例：You look as pale as chalk today. What’s wrong with you? 今天你看着面色苍白，哪里不舒服吗？14. One day, a doctor was called in to examine the king. 一天，一位医生被叫去为国王检查身体。①call in 召来，叫来例：Call in the doctor at once. 马上去请医生来。【拓展】call 短语归纳call back 唤回，叫回 call up (给……)打电话 call away 叫走，叫开② examine v. (仔细）检查，检验 → n examination examine sb. on /in sth. 对某人进行……的考试15. Neither medicine nor rest can help him. 无论是药物还是休息都帮不了他。neither...nor...“既不……也 不……； ……和……都不”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份，谓语动词的单复数采取“就近原则”。例：I have neither money nor time. 我既没有钱也没有时间。Neither Tom nor his sisters were at home.汤姆和珍都不在家。【辨析】both, either和neitherneither 表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。例：Neither of his parents is a doctor. 他的父母都不是医生。both 表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：Both of his parents are doctors. 他的父母都是医生。either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。例：Either of his parents is a doctor. 他的父母中有一个是医生。【辨析】either…..or …..,both …... and ...…和neither...... nor......either… or….意为“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”，表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分，谓语动词的单复数采取“就近原则”。例：Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。both … and…“既……又……”, 连接任意两个并列成份，做主语是谓语动词用复数。例：Both you and I are going there tomorrow. 明天我们俩都要去那里。neither…nor…“既不……也不……”，谓语动词跟最近的主语一致。例：Neither he nor I am from Beijing.他和我都不在北京。16. I’m always worried about losing my power. Many people are trying to take my position.总在担心失去我的权力。很多人都想要取代我的位置。① worry 担心 v.→ worried焦急的adj. be worried about =worry about 担心例：We are all worried about mygrandpa’s health. 我们总是担心我爷爷的健康② try 试图，设法，努力v.try on 试穿try to do sth 努力做某事（侧重尽力做）try doing sth 试图做某事（侧重尝试做）try one’s best to do sth. = do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事③ take one’s position 取代某人的位置=take one’s place例：He takes my position/place.他取代了我的位置。17.…find a happy man in three day’s time. 在三天是时间内找到一个快乐的人。in three days’ time 3 天的时间“in+时间段”表示在一段时间内，用于将来时 例：I will be back in three days. 我三天之内回来。That made me disappointed. 那使我很失望。disappoint→disappointed→ disappointing 使(人)失望；使破灭；使落空 vt. disappoint sb.“使某人失望”【拓展】常用表达有：①be disappointed at sth. 对……感到失望②be disappointed with sb.; 对某人感到失望③be disappointed to do sth.; 很失望做某事例：We were all disappointed at the news that our picnic was cancelled because of the rain. 我们都失望都消息，因为下雨，我们都野餐取消了。 Section B重点单词及短语1. weight 重量；分量 n.the wright of... ……的重量put on weight 体重增加，变胖lose weight 减肥例：His weight is 65 kilos. 他的体重是65千克。 【拓展】weigh 称……的重量；有……重 v.例：She weighs 60 kilos. 她体重60千克。 2. kick 踢；踹 v. kick sb. off =kick sb. out of sth.开除某人例：They must work hard, or the boss will kick him off the company.他们必须努力工作，否则老板会把他们从公司开除的。【拓展】踢；蹬 n例：If the door won’t open, just give it a good kick. 如果门打不开的话，就使劲儿踢一脚。 3. besides 而且；还有 adv.用来追加原因或理由。可用于句首，也可用于句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 除 besides 外，also, in addition 等也有其用法。例：I don’t want to go. Besides, I’m too tired.我不想去，而且我也太累了。 【拓展】besides 除……之外（还有） prep. 强调包括后者在内，是一种累加关系。例：The students went to the zoo besides the teacher.除了老师，学生们都去了动物园。 【辨析】besides, except, except for 与 butbesides “除……之外（还有……）”，指在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意。except “除……之外（没有……）”，着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物，表示一种排除关系，有“减法”之意。except for “除……之外”，表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正作用。but 与 except 用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯上用于 every, all, any, nothing, who 等词之后。例：Besides milk, we need vegetables. 除了牛奶，我们还需要蔬菜。We are all here except/but Tom. 除汤姆之外，我们都在这里了。（不包括Tom）She felt fine except for being a little tired.她感觉很好，只是有点儿累。 She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么都不会做。 4. courage 勇敢；勇气 ncourage to do sth 做某事的勇气例：I don’t think I have the courage to tell him the bad news. 我认为我没有勇气告诉他这个坏消息。 5. relief 轻松；解脱 n. 不可数名词to one’s relief 使人放心的是例：He laughed in relief. 他欣慰地笑了。To my relief, they spoke English. 让我欣慰的是，他们说的是英语。 6. nod 点头 v 其过去式，过去分词均为nodded，现在分词为nodding。 例：She nodded when she passed me in the street. 她在街上走过我身旁时向我点了点头。 7. agreement （意见或看法）一致；同意 n. 不可数名词动词形式为 agree，反义词为 disagreement。短语为 in agreement with…“同意……，与……一致” 例：The teacher nodded in agreement.老师同意的点了点头。 8. disappoint 使失望 vt.相当于 let… down，后接名词或代词宾语，其形容词形式为：disappointed 失望的；disappointing 令人失望的。名词形式为：disappointment 失望例：The result disappointed him. 这个结果使他失望。I’m sorry to disappoint your expectations.我很抱歉使你的期望落空了。 重点句子1. The general finds a happy person with power, money and fame.将军找到一个既有权又有钱的快乐的人。with 表伴随，“带着……，与…… 一起，随着”；反义词：without “没有”。后面均可接名词或动名词。例：He left without saying a word.他一句话都没有说就走了。2. Peter kept his eyes on the ground …皮特盯着地面……keep one’s eyes on sth. “盯着……；留意”例：I need to go out for a while. Would you please keep an eye on my son? 我需要出去一会儿，你能帮我照看下我儿子吗？3. He felt a heavy weight on his shoulders English.as he walked home alone 当他独自走回家的时候，感到肩上有沉重的负担。①weigh 称……的重量；衡量 v. →weight 重量 n.【拓展】 lose weight 减肥 gain/put on weight 增肥②shoulder 肩；肩膀 n.on one’s shoulder 在某人的双肩上 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩的4. How could he have missed scoring that goal?他怎么能够错过那个球呢？①could have done 表示“过去本能够做某事但未做”， 包含“责备”意义。例：How could he have been such a fool?他怎么这么糊涂？② missa.思念 v.例：I miss you. 我思念你。 b.错过 v.miss doing sth.错过做某事c.Miss 小姐，用于未婚女子姓氏前。5. He had let his whole team down. 他让整个团队失望了。① let sb. down “不能帮助；不能支持(某人)；使失望；放下；降低”let sb. down =make sb. frustrated 使……失望或沮丧【拓展】down 短语：go down 下降，降低,被载入，传下去 take down 记下，写下 die down 渐渐消失，平息write down 写下，记下 put down 记下，放下,镇压，平定up and down 上上下下turn down （把音量）调低 walk down ...沿着...走 ②all 与 whole 辨析all 用于冠词，所有格或其它“限定词”之前。whole 则用于冠词之后。如果没有冠词，或其它限定词，whole 不能与单数名词连用。whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同，whole 的意思为“全部”，而 all 的意思则近乎“每一个”。whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词（包括物质名词）。the whole of = whole 与单数名词连用。它用于冠词、所有格之前。6. His team lost the game because of him. 他们队由于他输了比赛。because of 由于，后接名词、代词或名词性短语。7. He was really worried that his coach might kick him off the team.他真的担心教练会把他开除这个队。kick 踢; 踹v. kick sb. off =kick sb. out of sth.开除某人8. As soon as he walked through the door, his father asked, “What’s wrong, son?” 他一进入家门，他的爸爸就问“儿子，你怎么了？”as soon as 表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将来，从现在”，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时9. Ten minutes later, Peter heard his father knocking on his bedroom door.十分钟过后，皮特听见他的爸爸在敲他卧室的门。see/watch/find/hear/notice sb. doing sth.看见/发现/听见/注意某人正在做某事，强调过程。see/watch/find/hear/notice sb. do sth.看见/发现/听见/注意某人做了某事，强调结果。【拓展】hear of/about sth. 听说某事hear from sb. 收到某人的来信10. But whatever it was, don’t be too hard on yourself. 但是无论是什么，不要对你自己太苛刻。①be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻例：Some teachers today are too hard on their students.如今一些老师对学生的要求过于严厉。② whatever =no matter what 无论什么 whoever = no matter who 无论wherever = no matter wherever 无论哪里【注意】whatever “无论什么”，是连接代词，引导让步状语从句，可以这样用的连接代词或连接副词有 whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等。例：Whatever you do, do your best. =No matter what you do, do your best.无论你干什么，都要尽最大努力去干。Whoever telephones, tell him I am out. 无论谁给我打电话，就说我出去了。 = No matter whotelephones, tell him I am out.Wherever he may be, he will be happy. 无论在什么地方，他都是乐呵呵= No matter where he may be, he will be happy. 11. Besides, winning or losing is only half the game. 除此之外，输赢只是比赛的一半。①besides 与 except 辨析besides “除……以外还有”，指的是“已有……另加上”，表示包括后面提到的人或物在内。例：Lucy went to the cinema besides Lily. 除了莉莉以外，露西也去看了电影。(Lily 也去了)beside “在……旁边”prep.例：They are used to taking a walk on the path beside the river.他们习惯于在河边的小路上散步。except “除去”，着重在除去的部分。表示不包括后面所提到的人或物在内。例：I like all the fruits except pears.除了梨外，我喜欢所有的水果。All the students went to the park except Jim. 除了吉姆，所有学生都去了公园。12. The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart. 第二天，皮特并没有害怕，而是勇敢地去参加足球训练。①courage.气；勇敢 → courageous adj. 勇敢的；有勇气的lose courage 灰心丧气 take courage 鼓起勇气②rather than 并非；而不是（是一个并列连词）例：The most valuable thing is time,rather than money.最珍贵的是时间，而不是金钱。【拓展】rather than 用法小结① rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例：She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。② rather than 不与 would 连用时，表示客观事实，意为“(是……) 而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。例：I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不是打电话(2b)13. We were so close to winning that game. 我们差点儿就赢了那场比赛。be close to 接近……；差点儿……14. But I think if we continue to pull together, we’re going to win the next one.但是我认为如果我们继续团结一心，下一次我们会赢的。①continue 继续 v.continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事) continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）②pull together 齐心协力；通力合作例：If all of us pull together, there must be something we can do to improve the environment.如果我们都能齐心协力, 我们一定能做点什么来改善环境。15. To his surprise and relief, his teammates all nodded in agreement.令他惊讶和欣慰的是，他的队友全都赞同地点头。①“to +one’s+情感名词”表示某人由于某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感，通常译为“令某人……的是；使某人感到…… 的是”。常接的情感名词有：disappointment 失望 relief 宽慰 satisfaction 满意 shame 羞愧 surprise 惊讶②relief 轻松；解脱 n.to one’s relief 令某人庆幸的是16. What kind of advice did Peter’s father offer to his son? 皮特的父亲给自己儿子提供了哪种建议？① advice 建议（不可数名词）n. → advise 建议v.a piece of advice 一条建议 two pieces of advice 两条建议give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事② offer 主动提供 v.offer to do sth.主动做某事offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物17. You should learn to relax and not put so much pressure on yourself. 你应该学会放松并且不要给自己太多压力。press 挤；挤压 v. → pressure 压力 n. under the pressure 在压力之下18. getting into a fight with your best friend 和你最好的朋友吵架。get in= get into 进入get into trouble 惹上麻烦