专题02 题型策略-推理判断题-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版)

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（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）Sme peple think creativity is making smething cmpletely new, s they d nt think f themselves as creative nes. Hwever, sme ther peple think creativity can just be expressing themselves thrugh everyday acts and they are brn creative because it is nt an all-r-nthing quality r skill.
Whether r nt we realize it, we all have the ability t express creativity. Smetimes the path t creative prductivity is being willing t d smething different.
Are yu smene wh lves t read cmics? Perhaps it is time yu create ne f yur wn. Dn’t wrry if yu cannt draw very well r feel that yu cannt write humrus reprts fr characters. Nbdy says this is an exam! Yu nly have t please yurself, t gain the satisfactin that yu try smething new, all n yur wn. If yu feel easy, yu can f curse share it with ur lved nes, r pst it n scial media,
Are yu smene wh likes t express yurself in writing? Try writing a blg. This is like the new versin f a diary. In yur blg, yu can write abut yur thughts, pinins and experiences. Yu can als write stries r plays, if yu feel up t it! The blg prvides yu with a platfrm t create smething new every day, in written frms.
Are yu smene wh likes t be alne? Nw, think abut the things that make yu happy. Find a small place in yur rm, r any place in yur hme, where yu can spend time with yurself. It can be a small crner next t yur bed r a wall. It can be a pster f yur favurite rck star r phts f yur friends. Yu can als pick a guitar if yu like t play instruments, r a few strybks if yu lve reading. Sme f yu may like flwers, candles r pretty things. Decrate yur area with yur favurite things in any way yu like. That is creativity! And if yu d feel bred with this, yu can change, add r remve smething.
By realizing the chances in ur daily lives t inspire ur creativity, n matter hw small, we may becme mre cmfrtable with taking bigger creative leaps in ther aspects f ur lives.
1. Hw des the writer begin the article?
A. By asking questins.B. By giving examples.
C. By cmparing pinins.D. By explaining reasns.
2. Frm Paragraph 3 t Paragraph 5, what des the writer suggest?
A. Trying smething new.B. Aviding smething dangerus
C. Trying smething difficult.D. Aviding smething expensive.
3. In what ways can we shw ur creativity accrding t the article?
① playing the pian ② receiving flwers ③ keeping calm
④ writing blgs ⑤ watching plays ⑥ decrating rms
A. ②③⑥B. ①③⑤C. ①④⑥D. ②④⑤
4. The purpse f the article is t________.
A. ffer us all kinds f ideas and experiences
B. teach us knwledge f different life skills
C. encurage us t make smething imprtant
D. ask us t develp creativity thrugh small acts
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了我们都有表达创造力的能力，通往创造性生产力的道路是愿意做一些不同的事情。
1. 推理判断题。根据“Sme peple think creativity is making smething cmpletely new, s they d nt think f themselves as creative nes. Hwever, sme ther peple think...”可知文章开头通过不同人的观点引出了话题。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据“Smetimes the path t creative prductivity is being willing t d smething different.”并结合三段的内容可知，作者建议我们要尝试一些不同的东西。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据“Try writing a can als write stries r plays”可知可以写一个博客、故事或戏剧；根据“Yu can als pick a guitar if yu like t play instruments, r a few strybks if yu lve reading”可知可以弹奏乐器；根据“Decrate yur area with yur favurite things in any way yu like”可知可以装饰你的区域。故选项①④⑥可以展示我们的创造力。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了我们都有表达创造力的能力，通往创造性生产力的道路是愿意做一些不同的事情，所以作者是让我们通过小行为培养创造力。故选D。
知识积累
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆断的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，cnclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpse等词提问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，culd，might,wuld等和其他表示可能性的副词，如prbably，mstlikely等。
所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错误选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。因此我们也要相应加强对于文章事实细节的训练。常见的技巧方法一般有如下几类：
【策略1】逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态
度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。
【典例示例】
The best way t learn English is t have a gd envirnment. Take ntes in English, put English bks arund yur rm, listen t English radis, watch English news, mvies and TV prgrams. Speak English with yur
friends whenever yu can. The mre English materials that yu have arund yu, the faster yu will learn it.
Many peple think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. Hwever, by ding exercises and taking tests yu
can really imprve yur English. If yu never test yurself, yu will never knw hw much yu are making
prgress.
Accrding t the passage, English exercises and tests are .
A. very necessary B. nt helpful at all
C. very bring D. nt imprtant
【策略分析】
Step1：定位到段：分析理解题干和选项后，结合题干关键词“English exercises and tests”可定位至第二段。
Step2：定位到句：定位至线索句“Hwever, by ding exercises and taking tests yu can really imprve yur
English”
Step3：定位答案：根据文中 Hwever, by ding exercises and taking tests yu can really imprve yur English
可知，通过做练习和参加考试，你可以真正提高你的英语水平，即做练习和测试非常有必要。故选 A。
【策略2】观点态度判定法
观点态度判定法， 就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出来
的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能力。
【典例示例】
What the primary schl in Fuzhu is ding is wrth praising. Ding chres can put a sense f respnsibility int students' minds and teach them the spirit f rules as well as teamwrk. Als, it can make students' in-schl
experiences mre meaningful.
What des the writer think f ding chres?
A. He thinks it's a waste f time.
B. He thinks it's the parents'jb.
C. He can't understand.
D. He thinks it's gd fr students.
【策略分析】
Step1：定位线索句 题干询问作者对于做家务的态度，关键词是 ding chres， 由此定位线索句为“Ding chres can put a sense f respnsibility int students' minds and teach them the spirit f rules as well as teamwrk.
Als, it can make students' in-schl experiences mre meaningful.”；
Step2：分析线索句 线索句意为“做家务可以让学生有责任感， 教会他们规则和团队合作的精神。此外， 它
可以使学生的在校经历更有意义。 ”，由此可知作者对于做家务的态度是积极的，是支持认可的；
Step3：选定答案 结合选项可知， be gd fr students 对学生有益 符合作者的观点态度，正确答案为 D。
【策略3】目的意图判定法
目的意图判定法， 就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归
纳总结和分析的能力。
【典例示例】
There are 5 billin tns f plastic waste in the wrld. By 2050, they culd have 13 billin tns.
Much f plastic rubbish finds its way int the cean. Scientists say 165 millin tns f plastic pieces are flating (漂浮) arund ut there. It harms cean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the fd we eat.
Thugh it is hard wrk, it can be slved. In Britain, peple are nt allwed t use plastic bags except in
hspitals. Sctland and several castal cities in the US stp peple frm using plastic straws as well.
The purpse f the passage is mainly t .
A. intrduce sme ways t recycle waste
B. tell readers abut the prblem with plastics
C. cmpare air pllutin and plastic pllutin
D. describe hw the US is reducing plastic waste
【策略分析】
Step1：分析理解题干：核心词汇理解 purpse 目的；
选项理解： A. 介绍一些回收废弃物的方法 B. 告诉读者塑料的问题 C. 比较空气污染和塑料污染 D.
描述美国如何减少塑料垃圾；
Step2：概括文章大意：通读全文可知，本文介绍了塑料垃圾的污染问题及其危害，还有各国政府采取的措
施；
Step3：定位答案：目的是告诉读者塑料带来的环境问题。正确答案为 B。
【策略4】文章出处判定法
文章出处判定法， 就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处， 如杂志、报纸、网 络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力， 以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。
【典例示例】
Have yu ever wanted t achieve a gal and ended up ding lts f research n hw t achieve it? As yu learned mre and mre, it seemed yu knew less and less. That is because when yu learned a new cncept (概念), yu
fund that there was a lt mre t knw abut it.
Usually, peple think they need t get mre and mre infrmatin befre trying a new idea...
One f the best ways t learn is t take actin and learn frm the results...
Learning mre is great but if all yu're ding is learning and nt taking actin, it's time t change that. Just
take the first step.
We can usually read the passage in .
A. a strybk B. a newspaper
C. an advertisement D. a guidebk
【策略分析】
Step1：题干选项理解：明确试题考查点为“文章出处” ，选项释义如下：
A. a strybk故事书 B. a newspaper 报纸
C. an advertisement 广告 D. a guidebk 导游指南
Step2：总结归纳文章大意：通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了学习更多固然是很好的，但是如果你所做的只
是学习而不是实践，那么是时候改变现状，迈出第一步了。
Step3：定位答案：由此可推知，本文更有可能在报纸当中出现。正确答案为 B。
【策略5】读者对象判定法
读者对象判定法， 就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推断
能力。
【典例示例】
What can yu d with cyberbullying (网络欺凌)?If smene is nt kind t yu, tell an adult that yu knw r like. Fr example, talk t a parent r a teacher.If yu get bad messages, dn't reply. Yu shuld save them and give them t yur teacher, yur family, r the plice. Ask an adult fr help. Dn't share anything befre yu make sure it is true.Say srry if yu are nt kind t smene. Yu can write a message r talk t the persn. And always remember: think abut hw t be kind in the future.
This passage is mainly written fr .
A. teachers B. parents C. child D. the plice
【策略分析】
Step1：题干选项理解：明确试题考查点为“读者对象” ，选项释义如下：A. teachers 老师 B. parents 父母
C. child 孩子 D. the plice 警察
Step2：概括文章大意及线索句：通读全文可知本篇文章主要介绍了如何应对网络欺凌，特别是第二段中 If yu get bad messages, dn't reply. Yu shuld save them and give them t yur teacher, yur family, r the
plice. 可知，当你收到有害信息时，你应该把它们交给老师、家长或警察。
Step3：定位答案：根据文章大意及线索句可知，本文主要是写给孩子的。确定答案为 C。
【策略6】写作目的判定法
目的意图判定法， 就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归
纳总结和分析的能力。
【典例示例】
There are 5 billin tns f plastic waste in the wrld. By 2050, they culd have 13 billin tns.
Much f plastic rubbish finds its way int the cean. Scientists say 165 millin tns f plastic pieces are flating (漂浮) arund ut there. It harms cean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the fd we eat.
Thugh it is hard wrk, it can be slved. In Britain, peple are nt allwed t use plastic bags except in
hspitals. Sctland and several castal cities in the US stp peple frm using plastic straws as well.
The purpse f the passage is mainly t .
A. intrduce sme ways t recycle waste
B. tell readers abut the prblem with plastics
C. cmpare air pllutin and plastic pllutin
D. describe hw the US is reducing plastic waste
【策略分析】
Step1：分析理解题干：核心词汇理解 purpse 目的；选项理解： A. 介绍一些回收废弃物的方法 B. 告
诉读者塑料的问题 C. 比较空气污染和塑料污染 D. 描述美国如何减少塑料垃圾；
Step2：概括文章大意：通读全文可知，本文介绍了塑料垃圾的污染问题及其危害，还有各国政府采取的措
施；
Step3：定位答案：目的是告诉读者塑料带来的环境问题。确定答案为 B。
【策略7】论证方式判定法
论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观点，
证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。
【典例示例】
The Internet f things may be cming sner than yu think. It is reprted that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung (三星) CEO BK Yn spent a lt f time talking abut the Internet f things. He said that five years frm nw, every Samsung prduct will be part f the Internet f things, whether itˈs a washing machine r a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).
The Samsung CEO’s speech is mentined t prve(证明) that
A. Samsung prduced the Internet f things in the past.
B. The Internet f things will cme int ur daily life sner.
C. He spent a lt f time talking abut the Internet f things
D. Samsung prducts are part f the Internet f things.
【策略分析】
Step1：分析理解题干：题干理解“提到三星首席执行官的演讲是为了证明”；选项释义， A. 三星过去生 产物联网。B. 物联网将更快地进入我们的日常生活。C. 他花了很多时间谈论物联网 D. 三星的产品是物
联网的一部分；
Step2：定位线索句：根据 He said that five years frm nw, every Samsung prduct will be part f the Internet f
things, whether itˈs a washing machine r a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).可知引用三星 CEO 的这段话，主要是为了
证明第一句话：物联网的到来可能比你想象的要早。
Step3：定位答案：结合线索句分析可知其前后是例证关系。 ACD 三项均与段落大意无关，确定答案为 B。
【策略8】篇章结构判定法
篇章结构判定法， 就是对文章整体的结构， 或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结， 常以排序或结构
图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。
【典例示例】
Arund the wrld, peple have different ideas abut what gd manners are.
When yu g t restaurants in different parts f the wrld, it’s imprtant t knw the right and wrng things t d. Fr example, in China, it’s OK t make a lt f nise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t nisy r lively, yu may think there’s smething wrng with it. Hwever, in many western cuntries, restaurants are quiet
places. If a table is t lud, ther peple in the restaurant might even cmplain t the wner f the restaurant.
Paying the bill is als different frm cuntry t cuntry. In China, ne persn usually pays fr everybdy. In western cuntries, ne persn pays when he r she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat tgether, they usually share the cst. This is called “Ging Dutch”. Als, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave sme mney fr the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thught t be plite. In the US, peple are expected t tip between 15%and 20%f the bill, which is decided by hw gd the service is. Gd waiters can
make a lt f mney!
Different cuntries have different custms. When yu travel t anther cuntry, please fllw its custms, just
as the saying ges “When in Rme, d as the Rmans d.”
If we put the passage int three parts, which f the fllwing is the best?
(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4 )
A.①;②③;④ B.①;②; ③④ C.①②;③;④ D.①;②③④
【策略分析】
Step1：分析理解题干：分析题干可知，本题考查点是“文章结构”；
Step2：分析文章每段的段落大意：第一段先总的来说人们对于好的礼仪有着不同的观点；第二段和第三段 分别讲西方国家和中国在超市或饭店里的一些现象以及人们付钱的不同；第四段总结全文，当我们去别的
国家旅游的时候要入乡随俗。
Step3：定位答案：结合每段的段落大意可知，全篇文章属于总-分-总的结构，确定答案为 A。
突破练习
1
（2024·四川内江·三模）Many peple’s clsest experience with wild animals is at the z. It’s a place where we can see and learn abut animals. It’s really fun and educatinal fr us. Hwever, is it the best place fr animals t live in?
In the past, peple culd nly see dead animals in museums. But later, animals were caught alive by explrers (探险家). They put them in small zs called menageries and shwed them t the public. Back then, peple didn’t care much abut hw animals were treated.
But nw, zs and wildlife parks have changed a lt. Peple try t make zs mre like their natural hmes. They build bigger places, and try t make the envirnment as clse t the nature as pssible.
Sme peple think it’s nt right t keep animals in zs just fr ur entertainment (娱乐). But zs say they are trying t help animals by teaching us abut prtecting them. And nw, zs that are run well als help t supprt and pay fr prgrams that prtect animals.
Zs help t save animals that are in danger f disappearing because f climate (气候) change. Rbert Yung, an expert n prtecting animals, says that zs are imprtant because they keep many animals frm ging extinct. Sme zs have special prgrams t help animals have babies s they dn’t die ut.
Althugh peple still talk abut whether having zs is gd r nt, there are new ways t learn abut wild animals. Fr example, we can use the VR (虚拟现实) technlgy. Many z experts believe it will be pssible t walk thrugh a grup f elephants in the Serengeti very sn.
1. Where did peple first start shwing animals alive t the public?
A. In museums. B. In backyards.
C. In menageries. D. In natural parks.
2. What are the zs trying t d t help animals?
A. Shw them t the public.
B. Teach us abut prtecting them.
C. Set up prgrams t raise mney fr them.
D. Encurage visitrs t visit them with the VR technlgy.
3. What des the underlined wrd “extinct” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Alive. B. Dead. C. Prtected. D. Active.
4. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. The Past f the Z
B. The Future f the Z
C. The Develpment f the Z
D. Ways t Keep Animals in the Z
【答案与解析】本文主要讨论了动物园的角色和变迁。
1. 细节理解题。根据“But later, animals were caught alive by explrers (探险家). They put them in small zs called menageries and shwed them t the public.”可知，人们从动物园里开始向公众展示活的动物。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据“But zs say they are trying t help animals by teaching us abut prtecting them.”可知，动物园试图教我们如何保护它们来帮助动物。故选B。
3. 词义猜测题。根据“Sme zs have special prgrams t help animals have babies s they dn’t die ut.”可知，一些动物园有专门的项目来帮助动物生孩子，这样它们就不会灭绝。因此可知，动物园在保护动物免受灭绝方面是很重要的，故划线单词表示“灭绝的，死的”。故选B。
4. 最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要讨论了动物园的角色和变迁。故最佳标题为“动物园的发展”。故选C。
2
（2024·山东烟台·一模）One mrning, when a traveler came ut f the airprt, he fund there were a lt f taxis there. After he asked every driver’s name, he tk the third ne. It cst him ten dllars frm the airprt t the htel. “Flw much des it cst fr the whle day?” the man asked, “150 dllars.” said the taxi-driver. This was very dear, but the man said it was OK.
The taxi-driver tk the man everywhere. He shwed him arund all the parks and museums in the city. They went back t the htel in the evening. The traveler gave 150 dllars t the taxi-driver and said. “What abut tmrrw?” The taxi-driver lked at the man and said, “Tmrrw? It’s anther 150 dllars.” The man said, “That’s OK! See yu tmrrw.” The taxi-driver was very pleased.
The next day the taxi-driver tk the traveler everywhere again. They visited all the parks and museums again. And in the evening they went back t the htel. The man gave the taxi-driver 150 dllars again and said, “I’m ging hme tmrrw. “The taxi-driver was srry because he liked the traveler and, abve all, getting 150 dllars a day was a lt f mney. “S yu’re ging hme. Where d yu cme frm?” he asked. “I cme frm Berlin.” “ Berlin!” said the taxi-driver, “I have a sister in Berlin. Her name is Jessica. D yu knw her?” “ Of curse, I d. She gave me 300 dllars fr yu!”
1. Where was the traveler frm?
A. Clmbia.B. New Zealand.C. Germany.D. Nrway.
2. Why did the traveler take the third taxi?
A. Because the ther taxi drivers asked fr mre mney.
B. Because the third taxi-driver was a kind-hearted man.
C. Because he didn’t want t spend his wn mney n the cming visit.
D. Because the ther drivers didn’t like t take him.
3. Wh asked the traveler t give the mney t the taxi-driver?
A. The traveler’s sister.B. The traveler’s parents.
C. The driver’s friend.D. The driver’s sister.
4. Why did the taxi driver feel srry when he knew the traveler wuld g hme n the third day?
A. Because the taxi driver and the traveler became friends.
B. Because the taxi driver wanted t get mre mney frm the traveler.
C. Because the traveler was his sister’s gd friend.
D. Because the taxi driver and the traveler came frm the same place.
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了一则荒诞幽默的故事。一位旅行者花300美元雇了一辆出租车在城市中游览了两天，最后付款时却告诉司机这300美元是司机的姐姐请他交给这位司机的。
1. 推理判断题。根据第三段“ ‘I cme frm Berlin.’ ”可知，这个游客来自柏林，又根据常识可知柏林位于德国。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据文意和第三段“ ‘I cme frm Berlin.’ ... ‘Of curse, I d. She gave me 300 dllars fr yu!’ ”可知，这个游客不想支付旅游费用。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“She gave me 300 dllars fr yu!”可知，是司机的姐姐让旅行者把钱带给出租车司机。故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The taxi-driver was srry because he liked the traveler and, abve all, getting 150 dllars a day was a lt f mney.”可知，因为出租车司机想从旅客那里得到更多的钱。故选B。
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（2024·广东汕头·一模）Just like a hungry brain craves (渴望) fd, a lnely brain craves peple.
A new brain study shws this. After being left alne, it shws peple’s brains becme active when they see peple.
While scientists knw lneliness and depressin (抑郁) are cnnected with each ther in sme way, it’s hard t tell if ne causes the ther. “One way t study that is t lk at hw the brain respnds (作出反应) t perids f being alne,” says Livia Tmva, a scientist. She and her c­wrkers gt 40 vlunteers. On the first day, the vlunteers didn’t eat anything fr 10 hurs. On anther day, they were placed in a rm alne fr 10 hurs—n friends, n family and n scial media. At the end f each day, they shwed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The researchers were interested in tw small areas within it. Bth areas became active when hungry vlunteers saw delicius fd. After the vlunteers had been left alne, thse brain areas became active when they saw scial activities.
The midbrain plays an imprtant part in peple’s mtivatin (动力) fr lking fr fd r friends. In fact, it respnds t fd and scial signals even when peple aren’t hungry r lnely. But hunger and lneliness increase the respnses and make peple’s respnses specific t the thing they are missing.
“One f the gals f studying peple,” says Nguyen, “is t find ut what ur basic needs are.” Nguyen studies slitude—when peple wish t be alne. “Humans are scial animals. This new study shws scial time is a basic need,” she says.
1. The underlined wrd “it” refers t ________.
A. being left alneB. the lnely brainC. the hungry brainD. the new brain study
2. Hw did Livia Tmva study the relatinship between lneliness and depressin?
A. By watching hw brains respnd t perids f being alne.
B. By ding research n tw small areas within the midbrain.
C. By keeping a recrd f vlunteers’ lives withut scial media.
D. By cmparing vlunteers’ cnditin withut fd and peple.
3. What des the furth paragraph mainly talk abut?
A. Why peple need friends and family members t be arund.
B. Hw the brain study was carried ut and the results f it.
C. Which part f the brain has smething t d with feelings.
D. What wuld happen if vlunteers were bth hungry and lnely.
4. What is Nguyen’s pinin?
A. Peple wish t be alne.B. Studying peple is hard.
C. Humans are scial animals.D. Fd is part f humans basic needs.
5. The best title fr the passage may be “________”.
A. Livia Tmva and her c­wrkersB. Scial time is nt as imprtant as fd
C. Lneliness and depressin are harmfulD. Lneliness makes ur brain crave peple
【答案与解析】文章介绍了一项研究表明独自一人时，人的大脑会产生对社交活动的强烈欲望，类似于饥饿之后对食物的渴望。
1. 词句猜测题。根据“A new brain study shws this. After being left alne,itshws peple’s brains becme active when they see peple.”可知，一项新的研究表明孤独的大脑会渴望与人交流，再结合画线词后的“看到人时，人的大脑会变得活跃”可知，it指代上文提到的新的大脑研究。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One way t study that is t lk at hw the brain respnds (作出反应) t perids f being alne”可知Livia Tmva通过观察大脑对独处时间的反应来研究孤独和抑郁之间的关系。故选A。
3. 主旨大意题。根据“The midbrain plays an imprtant part in peple’s mtivatin (动力) fr lking fr fd r friends.”可知本段主要介绍了大脑的哪个部分与感觉有关。故选C。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Humans are scial animals.”可知人类是群居动物。故选C。
5. 最佳标题题。通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了一项研究表明独自一人时，人的大脑会产生对社交活动的强烈欲望，类似于饥饿之后对食物的渴望。选项D“孤独让我们的大脑渴望人”符合主旨。故选D。
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（2024·安徽六安·模拟预测）A primary schl in the suthwest f China has becme ppular recently.
In this schl students and teachers can have free meals. There are mre than 1, 000 students and teachers in this schl. With enugh farmland, they plant vegetables and keep pigs, sheep and chickens. Sme f what is prduced is sld at the market. The rest will be used t feed students and teachers. And this schl has fed itself fr 15 years.
Each class has a piece f land t plant vegetables r keep animals. Students d farm wrk twice a week with the help f teachers. There is als a z in the schl. It helps students get n with animals. The schl has set up a greenhuse with fruit trees fr students t learn abut nature, instead f just listening t teachers in the classrm, “This is nt simply a farm. This is cnnected with what the whle schl can eat and als the quality f life f students and teachers,” said the schl’s headmaster.
He als said, “Children wh have nt kissed the land will nt have a cmplete childhd. The labr (劳动) class helps students build excellent characters and better understand life and nature.”
1. What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The students’ parents.B. The animals.
C. Students and teachers.D. The students’ grandparents.
2. What’s the purpse f setting up a greenhuse?
A. T help students learn abut nature.B. T take the place f all the teachers.
C. T prvide students with enugh fd.D. T help students t get n with animals.
3. What’s the best title fr the text?
A. Plant VegetablesB. Keep AnimalsC. Build a ZD. Kiss the Land
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一所特殊的小学，在学校，学生和老师可以自己种植蔬菜和水果，养小动物，这让学生们的课程更加丰富。
1. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Students d farm wrk twice a week with the help f teachers.”可知，学生和老师一起种植蔬菜等，所以划线部分指代的是“学生和老师”。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The schl has set up a greenhuse with fruit trees fr students t learn abut nature”可知，学校建立温室是为了让学生了解自然。故选A。
3. 最佳标题题。根据最后一段中的“Children wh have nt kissed the land will nt have a cmplete childhd. The labr (劳动) class helps students build excellent characters and better understand life and nature.”并通读全文可知，文章介绍了一所特殊的小学，在学校学生和老师可以自己种植蔬菜和水果，养小动物，这让学生们的课程更加丰富，所以D项“亲吻大地”最符合。故选D。
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（2024·河北衡水·三模）Emily and Gerge have lived next dr as lng as they can remember. When they were little, they used t play tgether. They were gd friends, thugh they smetimes fught ver tys r quarreled abut what game they wuld play. As they grew lder, they played tgether less. Emily preferred t be with girls, and Gerge, bys, f curse. When they were abut fifteen, they almst stpped speaking t each ther, nt because they disagreed with each ther abut anything, but just because they belnged t different grups. Emily was develping int a very gd student, while Gerge was mre interested in sprts. Emily began t study French, and she liked French s much that she began t write plays in French. She als liked TV prgrams, and fr sme reasn, she enjyed watching ftball games very much. Her mther used t say, “Emily, I’ve never heard f a girl wh likes ftball as much as yu d.” Mrs. Masn simply did nt apprve f (赞成) her daughter’s interest. Ftball, she felt, was fr men and bys.
While Emily was wrking n her French lessns r watching ftball games n TV, Gerge was wrking fr his father in his stre after schl. He liked selling things t peple. When Gerge wasn’t wrking at the stre, he wuld like t be with a grup f his friends wh were rganizing a ftball team.
One day, when Gerge was ging hme in the afternn, he lked in the windw f Emily’s living rm and he saw that she was watching a ftball game n TV. He walked up and kncked at the dr. Emily was surprised t see him, but she asked him t cme in, and they watched the rest f the game tgether. Emily and Gerge are gd friends again. They still have different ideas abut things smetimes, but they agree with each ther that ftball is the wrld’s best game. Mrs. Masn desn’t seem t disapprve f her daughter’s interest in ftball as much as she used t.
1. It is clear that Emily’s mther________.
A. has n interest in sprts at allB. is reasnable in Emily’s grwth
C. desn’t want Gerge t play with EmilyD. is helpful in Emily’s French studying
2. Accrding t the passage, we can infer that________.
A. Emily will jin a ftball clubB. Emily’s mther will let Emily keep her hbby
C. Gerge will rganize a ftball team f his wnD. Gerge’s dad will stp Gerge frm playing ftball
3. Which is prbably the best title f this passage?
A. Interest MattersB. Sweet MemryC. The Best GameD. Gd Neighbrs
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了一对好朋友在成长的过程中逐渐疏远，后来又因共同的爱好再次成为好朋友的故事。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Mrs. Masn simply did nt apprve f her daughter’s interest.”可知，Emily的妈妈不赞成Emily的爱好，但她并没有阻止Emily的爱好；根据最后一段中“Mrs. Masn desn’t seem t disapprve f her daughter’s interest in ftball as much as she used t.”可知，Emily的妈妈似乎没有那么不赞成Emily对足球的喜欢了；可推断出Emily的妈妈在Emily的成长过程中非常通情达理。故选B。
2. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mrs. Masn desn’t seem t disapprve f her daughter’s interest in ftball as much as she used t.”可知，Emily的妈妈会让Emily继续把足球作为自己的爱好。故选B。
3. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一对好朋友在成长的过程中逐渐疏远，后来又因共同的爱好再次成为好朋友的故事，A选项“兴趣很重要”为最佳标题。故选A。
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（2024·重庆大渡口·三模）Every early mrning in Suthwest China’s Chngqing, there is a cmmn scene at the city’s Subway Line 4: a grup f farmers shuldering vegetables fr sale are busy riding n the subway t the city center.
The secnd part f the subway line cnnects Shichuan twn t the city center. It has prvided lcal farmers near the twn with a wider channel fr selling their prducts since its pening in 2022. The vegetables grwn by the farmers, which used t be sld at lw prices in the twn, can nw be sld at higher prices in the city.
Every mrning arund 6 ’clck, the entrance and exit f the Shichuan Twn statin f the line are crwded with these special passengers. They carry baskets within fresh vegetables n their backs. T make it easier fr the farmers, the statin which was suppsed t pen at 6:15, nw pens five minutes early every day. The wrkers at the statin als help as much as pssible: helping with the baskets, guiding them t enter the statin quickly and rderly and s n.
There’s an elderly cuple in their 80s, wh take the subway t sell vegetables. In Chngqing, peple ver the age f 65 can use the subway fr free. The pening f this subway line nt nly saves mney fr the elderly but als time.
Accrding t Feng, the husband f the elderly cuple, it tk him mre than ne hur t reach the city befre as he had t take several buses. Nw, by taking the subway, they can get there in less than 30 minutes withut any hassle. And they can sell all their vegetables in less than three hurs after arriving at the market.
1. Hw des the secnd part f Subway Line 4 help lcal farmers?
A. It stps them frm selling their prducts.
B. It gives them a quick ride.
C. It makes them sell their prducts at higher prices.
D. It allws them t sell their prducts in the city.
2. Which f the fllwing is nt TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. The statin pens at 6:15 every day.
B. The wrkers at the statin help with the baskets.
C. The wrkers at the statin guide the farmers t enter the statin.
D. The wrkers at the statin make the passengers enter the statin quickly and rderly.
3. What advantages d the elderly have frm the subway line?
A. Cmfrtable travel.B. Free rides and less travel time.
C. Faster travel.D. Lwer vegetable prices.
4. Where can we prbably read the passage?
A. In a science magazine.B. In a strybk.C. In a travel guide.D. In a newspaper.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了重庆地4号线的开通为当地农民带来的便利，包括使他们能够以更高的价格销售农产品，以及为老年人提供了免费乘车和节省时间的好处。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It has prvided lcal farmers near the twn with a wider channel fr selling their prducts since its pening in 2022. The vegetables grwn by the farmers, which used t be sld at lw prices in the twn, can nw be sld at higher prices in the city.”可知这使得他们以更高的价格出售产品。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“T make it easier fr the farmers, the statin which was suppsed t pen at 6:15, nw pens five minutes early every day.”可知为了让农民更方便，原本应该6:15开门的车站现在每天提前5分钟开门，开门时间为6:10，A项与文意不符。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In Chngqing, peple ver the age f 65 can use the subway fr free. The pening f this subway line nt nly saves mney fr the elderly but als time.”（在重庆，65岁以上的老人可以免费乘坐地铁。这条地铁线的开通不仅为老年人节省了金钱，节省了时间。）以及第五段“Accrding t Feng, the husband f the elderly cuple, it tk him mre than ne hur t reach the city befre as he had t take several buses. Nw, by taking the subway, they can get there in less than 30 minutes withut any hassle.”（据这对老夫妇的丈夫冯说，以前他要花一个多小时才能到达这个城市，因为他必须乘坐几辆公共汽车。现在，通过乘坐地铁，他们可以在不到30分钟内到达那里，没有任何麻烦。）可知优点是免费乘车和更少的乘车时间。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。文章介绍了重庆地铁4号线第二阶段开通后，为当地农民带来的便利，所以文章会出现在报纸上。故选D。
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（2024·浙江·二模）Almst 8 in 10 teens have pimples (青春痘), s it’s quite nrmal. But knwing that desn’t make it easier when yu are lking at pimples n yur face in the mirrr. T fight against pimples, we’d better knw mre abut it.
Q: Why d I get pimples?
A: Teens get pimples because f the change f their hrmne (荷尔蒙) level. If yur parents had pimples as teens, it’s mre likely that yu will, t. The gd news is that, fr mst peple, pimples g away almst cmpletely by the time they are ut f their teens.
Q: Can I prevent pimples?
A: There is n way fr sure t prevent pimples. But changing yur eating and living habits helps t reduce pimples. Wash yur face twice a day (n mre) with warm water. Eat less sweets and chclates which have the risk f causing pimples. Prtect yur skin frm strng sunlight. Avid staying up t late.
Q: Shuld I pp (挤爆) my pimples?
A: Dn’t tuch them, pp them, r pick at them. This might be hard t d. But when yu play arund with pimples, yu can make them even wrse. Mre imprtantly, ppping pimples can leave red scars n yur face.
Q: ________
A: If yu have pimples nce in a while, sme skincare prducts might be helpful t yu. But if yu get serius pimples, they wn’t wrk fr yu anymre. G t the dctrs at nce and get their advice. Dn’t feel shy t talk abut yur pimples with dctrs, they are prfessinal and trained t help yu.
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1. What can we d t reduce pimples accrding t the text?
A. G t bed late and get up late.
B. Stp eating fd with much energy.
C. Wear a hat against strng sunlight.
D. Wash the face three t fur times a day.
2. Which f the fllwing questins can be best put in ________?
A. What shuld I d with pimples?
B. What skincare prducts shuld I buy?
C. Hw shuld I treat serius pimples at hme?
D. Hw shuld I chse the right skincare prducts?
3. What can we learn frm the text?
A. We are suppsed t pick at pimples t clear them up.
B. We wn’t be trubled by pimples nce we are ut f teens.
C. We can avid having pimples by changing ur living habits.
D. We dn’t have t be ver﹣wrried abut pimples since it’s nrmal.
4. On which website can we prbably read this text?
A. www. kidshealth. cn/teeth/expert
B. www. teenshealth. cn/pimples/expert
C. www. kidshealth. cn/skin/parents
D. www. teenshealth. cn/pimples/parents
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了关于青春痘的一些信息。包括为什么会长青春痘，是否能预防青春痘，是否应该挤爆青春痘以及如何处理青春痘。
1. 细节理解题。根据“Prtect yur skin frm strng sunlight.”可知，戴帽子防阳光可以防止青春痘。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据“G t the dctrs at nce and get their advice.”可知，此处介绍得了青春痘之后应该怎么做。A选项“我应该怎么预防青春痘？”符合题意。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据“Almst 8 in 10 teens have pimples, s it’s quite nrmal.”可知，长青春痘很正常。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据图片“Expert”和“fr Teens”可知，本文是给青少年预防青春痘的建议。故选B。
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（2024·陕西西安·模拟预测）Imagine yu are walking in the sand n a beach. As yu walk, yu leave ftprints (足迹). Later, the ftprints disappear. But imagine if yur ftprints stayed there frever. And imagine, t, that yu left ftprints everywhere yu walked s that smene culd knw wherever yu’ve been. Hw wuld yu think abut that? Well, that’s what happens when yu use cmputers and mbile phnes. When yu g nline, yu leave yur digital (数字的) ftprint, and it can be tracked (追踪) in a database (数据库). Des this matter? Of curse, the answer is”Yes”. There are sme reasns why yur digital ftprint matters t yu.
There is smene wh is interested in what yu write n Twitter r pst n Instagram. Fr example, cmpanies wh sell things are interested because they want t send yu ads fr things they want yu t buy.
What yu write nline influences hw peple see yu. Perhaps ne day yu write smething silly nline. Maybe yu make a bad jke. Years later, it’s fund by the cmpany yu’re applying t, and they dn’t think it’s funny. Then what? Maybe they decide yu’re nt the right kind f persn fr them.
Yu shuld keep yur mney safe. There are plenty f peple lking at infrmatin abut yu, and sme f them want t steal frm yu. The less infrmatin yu put ut, the harder it is fr them. Bank details, card numbers, passwrds (密码) ... Nne f them shuld be written in emails, text messages r anything else.
In a wrd, remember that yu have a digital ftprint, and think carefully befre yu click “send” r “pst”. N ne can g nline and nt leave a ftprint, but with care, yu can cntrl it.
1. What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in Paragraph 1?
A. Yur digital ftprint.B. Yur cmputer.
C. Yur mbile phne.D. Yur database.
2. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the text?
A. Yur ftprints n a beach can be tracked in a database.
B. Everybdy is interested in what thers pst n Instagram.
C. What yu write nline may be fund by thers years later.
D. It is safe t send yur passwrds in emails t yur parents.
3. What’s the main idea f the text?
A. Peple must pay attentin t ads frm cmpanies.
B. Peple are expected t pst funny things nline.
C. Peple are encuraged t keep their mney safe.
D. Peple shuld be careful with their digital ftprints.
4. Where can yu prbably see the passage?
A. In a restaurant.B. In a stre.
C. On a website.D. In a hspital.
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了数字足迹的概念及其重要性。当你使用电脑和手机上网时，会留下可以被追踪的数字足迹。这些信息可能会被用来向你推送广告，影响人们对你的看法，甚至使你遭受经济损失。因此，在点击”发送”或”发布”前要三思，谨慎管理你的数字足迹。
1. 代词指代题。根据第一段“When yu g nline, yu leave yur digital (数字的) ftprint, and it can be tracked (追踪) in a database (数据库).” 可知，当你上网时，你留下了你的数字足迹，它可以在数据库中被跟踪。故it应是指“你的数字足迹”。故选A。
2. 细节推理题。根据第三段“Perhaps ne day yu write smething silly nline. Maybe yu make a bad jke. Years later, it’s fund by the cmpany yu’re applying t, and they dn’t think it’s funny. ”可知，在网上随手写的东西可能在数年后被被人发现。故选C。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There are sme reasns why yur digital ftprint matters t yu. ”以及最后一段“In a wrd, remember that yu have a digital ftprint, and think carefully befre yu click ‘send’ r ‘pst’.”可知，这篇课文的主旨大意是人们应该小心他们的数字足迹。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“In a wrd, remember that yu have a digital ftprint, and think carefully befre yu click”send”r”pst”. N ne can g nline and nt leave a ftprint, but with care, yu can cntrl it.”可知，本文主要讲述了数字足迹的概念及其重要性。故你可能在一个网站上看到这篇文章。故选C。
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（2024·河南郑州·三模）If smene said they’d pay yu $1,800 t stay ff scial media fr 6 years, culd yu d it? Culd yu? An American mm challenged her sn t d just that, and he succeeded.
Sivert Klefsaas is the yungest f Lrna Gld-strand Klefsaas’ fur children, and his three lder sisters all used scial media grwing up. It was influencing their feelings, as well as their friendships. S, Lrna thught, “If I culd, I’d be willing t d whatever t keep Sivert ff scial media as lng as I culd, whatever that lks like.” And that’s where the idea fr this challenge came frm.
It all started when Lrna heard abut a similar “16 fr 16 challenge” n the radi, where a mther called Amanda Green gave her daughter Teresa $1,600 when she turned 16 if she stayed ff scial media. S, Lrna decided t create her wn “18 fr 18 challenge”. Nt nly did Sivert finally cmplete this challenge, but he wuld d it again, t.
“It wasn’t t difficult t live withut scial media, and I didn’t think abut it much during the 6 years,” Sivert said. “As time went n, it was mre f a prud thing.”
He had his friends keep him up t update n the latest infrmatin. Sivert added, “I gt t avid all the unnecessary things that were n there. It als meant I had mre time t fcus n my grades and sprts instead.”
Nw that he’s dne with the challenge, Sivert jined Instagram (照片墙), but has n plans t let scial media define (定义) him.
“Scial media is great. We certainly need t use it,” Sivert said. “But als make sure yu spend time in ther areas f yur life, especially thse persnal relatinships.”
Still, Lrna is prud f her sn’s success. “We are certainly nt against scial media, but it’s the healthy using f it,” Lrna tld CNN.
1. Wh des the underlined wrd “she” refer t?
A. Teresa Green.B. Amanda Green.
C. Lrna Klefsaas.D. Sivert Klefsaas.
2. Hw did Sivert get the latest infrmatin?
A. By surfing n the Internet.
B. Thrugh the radi.
C. By talking with his friends.
D. Thrugh the scial media.
3. What des Sivert think f scial media nw?
A. Scial media is a way t define peple.
B. It’s imprtant t use scial media healthily.
C. It is t difficult t live withut scial media.
D. Scial media is great and he needs it all the time.
4. Which wrds can best describe Sivert?
A. Outging and friendly.B. Patient and caring.
C. Funny and prud.D. Brave and strng-willed.
5. What can we learn abut Lrna frm the passage?
A. She is a mther f a 16-year-ld teenager.
B. She helped his sn successfully stay ff the scial media.
C. She desn’t really agree with the “16 fr 16 challenge” n the radi.
D. She is nt against scial media because her sn succeeded in using it.
【答案与解析】本文讲述了一位妈妈与儿子Sivert约定如果他六年不接触社交媒体，就会在他18岁生日时奖励他1800美元，Sivert接受挑战并完成了挑战。不仅得到了美元，还在这个过程中受益很多。
1. 词义猜测题。根据“It all started when Lrna heard abut a similar ‘16 fr 16 challenge’ n the radi, where a mther called Amanda Green gave her daughter Teresa $1,600 when she turned 16 if she stayed ff scial media.”可知，一位名叫Amanda Green的母亲在女儿Teresa满16岁时给她1600美元，如果她不使用社交媒体。因此划线单词she代指的是“她的女儿Teresa Green”。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据“He had his friends keep him up t update n the latest infrmatin.”可知，他通过与朋友交谈得到最新消息的。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据“‘Scial media is great. We certainly need t use it,’ Sivert said. ‘But als make sure yu spend time in ther areas f yur life, especially thse persnal relatinships.’”可知，Sivert认为健康地使用社交媒体很重要。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据“S, Lrna decided t create her wn ‘18 fr 18 challenge’. Nt nly did Sivert finally cmplete this challenge, but he wuld d it again, t.”可知，Sivert六年没有接触社交媒体并且创建自己的“18换18挑战赛”，证明他非常的勇敢并且有很强的意志力。故选D。
5. 推理判断题。根据“Still, Lrna is prud f her sn’s success. ‘We are certainly nt against scial media, but it’s the healthy using f it,’ Lrna tld CNN.”可推知，从这段话中我们可以了解到Lrna帮助自己的儿子成功地避开了社交媒体。故选B。