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    专题13 主题阅读-生态环境-阅读问答题-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版)

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    专题13 主题阅读-生态环境-阅读问答题-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版)

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    这是一份专题13 主题阅读-生态环境-阅读问答题-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版),文件包含13主题阅读-生态环境原卷版docx、13主题阅读-生态环境解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共32页, 欢迎下载使用。

    一、主题阐述
    初中英语阅读中的生态环境类文章,不仅是对学生语言理解能力的考验,更是对他们环保意识与生态观念的培养。这类阅读通常围绕自然环境的现状、生态问题的成因、环境保护的重要性及可行的环保措施等主题展开,通过生动的描述、具体的数据和实例,引导学生认识到人与自然和谐共生的重要性。在阅读过程中,学生需要运用所学的词汇、句型和阅读技巧,如快速浏览、细节理解、归纳总结等,来把握文章的主旨大意和关键信息。同时,这类文章也鼓励学生反思人类行为对自然环境的影响,激发他们保护环境的责任感和行动力,从而在提升英语阅读能力的同时,也促进了学生综合素养的全面发展。
    生态环境类文章会包含丰富的词汇和表达方式,如“prtect the envirnment”(保护环境)、“reduce pllutin”(减少污染)、“cnserve natural habitats”(保护自然栖息地)等,这些词汇不仅能够帮助学生学习英语,还能让他们了解到保护生态环境的重要性。在阅读过程中,学生需要关注文章中的细节,如具体的环保措施、动植物的保护情况等,以加深对文章内容的理解。同时,这类文章也通常会提出一些建议或呼吁,如“We shuld all d ur part t prtect the envirnment.”(我们都应该为保护环境尽一份力),这可以引导学生思考自己能为环保做些什么。
    二、语篇特征
    1.主题明确,聚焦环保‌
    这类语篇通常围绕生态环境问题展开,如全球变暖、环境污染、资源短缺等,主题明确,旨在引导学生关注生态环境问题,培养环保意识。
    2.语言特点鲜明‌
    ‌使用特定词汇,如“eclgy”(生态)、“envirnment”(环境)、“pllutin”(污染)等,以及相关的动词、形容词和短语,构成语篇的词汇基础。
    ‌‌句式多样,可能采用强调句、反问句等句式来增强表达效果,如“Only by prtecting the envirnment can we ensure a sustainable future.”(只有通过保护环境,我们才能确保可持续的未来。)‌
    3.内容结构清晰‌
    ‌引言部分‌:简要介绍生态环境问题的背景或现状,引出主题。‌
    ‌主体部分‌:详细阐述生态环境问题的具体表现、影响及原因,可能包含数据、事实或案例来支持观点。‌
    ‌结论部分‌:总结生态环境问题的严重性,提出解决措施或呼吁大家共同行动。‌4
    4.蕴含文化价值‌
    这类语篇不仅传递生态环境知识,还蕴含对生态环境的尊重和保护意识,反映人类与自然和谐共生的价值观。
    三、主题词汇
    1.基础词汇‌
    ‌envirnment‌环境
    ‌pllutin‌污染
    ‌climate change‌气候变化
    ‌ecsystem‌生态系统
    ‌bidiversity‌生物多样性
    ‌habitat‌栖息地
    cnservatin保护
    sustainable可持续的
    endangered species濒危物种
    renewable energy可再生能源
    slar pwer太阳能
    wind pwer风能
    recycling回收利用
    cmpsting堆肥
    waste reductin减少废物
    2.‌环保行动与理念‌
    ‌sustainable‌可持续的
    ‌endangered species‌濒危物种
    ‌raise ne’s envirnmental awareness‌提高环保意识
    ‌make prper use f water resurces‌合理利用水资源
    ‌save and treasure ur resurces‌节约并珍惜资源
    ‌keep the balance f nature‌保持生态平衡
    ‌recycle‌回收利用
    ‌ban the abuse f plastic bags‌禁止滥用塑料袋
    3.‌具体环境问题与现象‌
    ‌glbal warming‌全球变暖
    ‌slar energy‌太阳能
    ‌water pllutin‌水污染
    ‌air pllutin‌空气污染
    ‌sil ersin‌水土流失
    ‌desertificatin‌沙漠化
    ‌greenhuse effect‌温室效应
    ‌eclgical degradatin‌生态系统退化
    4.‌环保政策与措施‌
    ‌eclgical red lines‌生态红线
    ‌green develpment‌绿色发展
    ‌ec-cmpensatin system‌生态补偿制度
    ‌eclgical and envirnmental gvernance‌生态环境治理
    ‌vluntary tree-planting activity‌义务植树活动
    突破练习
    1
    Flds, drughts (干旱), strms, ht weather is becming mre and mre cmmn all ver the wrld. It’s reprted that this is caused by greenhuse gas emissin frm human activities, accrding t China Daily.
    Many peple are suffering this summer. Areas f Eurpe were hit by big thunderstrms. In Prtugal and Spain, huge wildfires have frced thusands t leave their hmes. In the US, mre than 80 percent f the west is in drught, up frm just 20 percent in 2021. In China, the heat has influenced the suth since June. The duratin f this year’s high temperatures will break the 62-day recrd in 2013, becming the lngest heat wave in 61 years.
    Extreme weather events are affecting peple’s livelihds. They are nt nly killing peple and destrying hmes but als make mre peple int hunger. Millins in East Africa have little fd t eat tday, accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin. Fr fur years, there wasn’t enugh rain during the summer and the land was t dry t grw fd. Sme hydr-pwer (水电) statins in Sichuan Prvince are shrt f water and can’t prduce enugh electricity. A farmer frm Sichuan shwed the grapes he grew have dried because f high temperatures. Sme animal farms als face the danger f water shrtage. Extreme weather has als made 218 f the knwn 375 diseases mre serius. As viruses try t live at the higher temperatures, they gradually becme strnger and harder t kill.
    Extreme weather is a warning t us. It’s time fr everyne t take actin t slw dwn climate change. We can drive less, plant trees, save water, buy less plastic and d lts f ther things, t.
    1.What des the underlined wrd “suffering” mean in the secnd paragraph?
    A.Enjying.B.Experiencing.C.Fighting.D.Regretting.
    2.What extreme weather hit America this summer?
    A.Flds.B.Thunderstrms.C.Heat wave.D.Drughts.
    3.Why are extreme weather events affecting peple’s livelihds?
    A.Because it didn’t rain all the year.
    B.Because they make many farmers’ grapes die.
    C.Because the land is t dry t farm fr farmers.
    D.Because they cause viruses t becme strnger enugh t be killed.
    4.What’s the crrect rder f the main idea accrding t the text?
    a. Peple arund the wrld get int truble because f extreme weather.
    b. Extreme weather has a bad influence n peple’s living.
    c. Extreme weather becmes a cmmn prblem in the wrld.
    d. Peple shuld take measures t deal with extreme weather.
    A.cbdaB.cabdC.acbdD.dbac
    5.What is the purpse f the text?
    A.T praise the spirit f wrking tgether.
    B.T intrduce what the extreme weather is.
    C.T shw the ways f fighting extreme weather.
    D.T draw peple’s attentin t extreme weather.
    2
    Birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves r grass. But d yu knw that birds are als building their nests with rubbish these years? The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags.
    A grup f Eurpean scientists lked int (调查) abut 35, 000 studies n bird nests. They fund that birds have used man-made things in nests almst everywhere n Earth except Antarctica. Sme rubbish seems t be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. Fr example, cigarette butts have special smell, s they can keep insects away and prtect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and ther hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests strnger.
    Hwever, in the end, human rubbish may nly bring mre harm t birds. The txic (有毒的) chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick r have shrter lives, accrding t a study.
    T make matters wrse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back t its hme, it may set fire t the nest. Pieces f fishing net may als trap birds, and it’s impssible fr them t get ut by themselves. If the baby birds eat ther kinds f rubbish by accident, they will als get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects f humans plluting the envirnment.
    1.What did the Eurpean scientists find?
    A.Sme peple help birds build their nests.
    B.There is rubbish in the nests f many birds.
    C.There is almst n bird living in Antarctica.
    D.Birds can help clean the envirnment.
    2.Which f the fllwing things is NOT used by the birds t build their nest accrding t the passage?
    A.Paper cards.B.Cigarette butts.C.Plastic bags.D.Wden bards.
    3.Hw can cigarette butts “help” birds?
    A.They can burn ther harmful rubbish.
    B.They can make nests strnger.
    C.They can stp insects frm getting clse.
    D.They can keep birds warm.
    4.What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
    A.The bad influence that human rubbish has n the birds.
    B.The harm that the envirnment bring t the wild animals.
    C.The reasn why birds like using rubbish t build their nests.
    D.The harmful activities that humans have dne t the envirnment.
    3
    A wly (羊毛的) cat and a head f human hair have mre in cmmn than yu might think. Bth include keratin fibers (角蛋白纤维) and bth prvide warmth. A Eurpean cmpany, Human Material Lp, is nw questining why ne is wrn and the ther is wasted. They want t change the clthing industry by turning human hair int a fabric (织物).
    Every year, Eurpeans prduce 72 millin kilgrams f human hair waste. When hair waste breaks dwn in a rubbish bag, it gives ff greenhuse gases (气体). Many cuntries burn this waste, but that’s nt envirnmentally friendly, either.
    Zsfia Kllar, wh started Human Material Lp, explains that using the hair fabric is nt that different frm using any ther material. Shrt and brken hairs are made int fabric and clred. Human Material Lp’s first prduct was a sweater. It had a wl-like feel. The cmpany has als made an utdr cat and shwn its ability t keep the wearer warm. These clthes are nt fr sale, thugh. The cmpany’s purpse is t get the attentin f clthing cmpanies. It hpes that ne day they will buy its hair fabric t make their wn clthes.
    Kllar understands that mst peple aren’t ready t wear human hair n their bdies. They may find the idea strange. But histrically, Kllar pints ut, human hair has been used as a fabric in many cultures. In the 13th century, fr example, peple in what is nw the suthwestern United States used human hair t make scks. “There is much wrk t d t get peple t accept hair fabric,” Kllar says. “But I can see it cming mre and mre int ur daily lives, ver time.”
    1.What d a wly cat and human hair have in cmmn?
    A.They bth have keratin fibers.B.They are bth cheap and useful.
    C.They can bth keep peple cl.D.They are bth gd fr envirnment.
    2.What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 2?
    A.The fabric.B.The hair waste.C.The wly cat.D.The rubbish bag.
    3.What can we learn frm paragraphs 3 and 4?
    A.Using human hair fabric is very different frm using thers.
    B.The sweater made f hair by Human Material Lp sells well.
    C.Mst peple think it smart t wear human hair n their bdy.
    D.Human hair was used as a fabric hundreds f years ag.
    4.Hw might Kllar feel abut the future f hair fabric?
    A.Wrried.B.Bred.C.Hpeful.D.Uncertain.
    4
    ut a thusand millin (百万) tns f water a day. Water is a human right and everyne shuld have their share. Yet mre than 700 millin peple arund the wrld have truble getting clean, safe water.
    Treating wastewater is a gd way t prvide fresh water fr us. And it als helps the envirnment by keeping waste ut f rivers and ceans. 80% f wastewater arund the wrld is nt treated at all, and it is running int ceans. But nw we have gt the technlgy t treat and reuse the wastewater.
    While 75% f ur planet is cvered with water, nly abut 2% is fresh water—that cmes frm rivers, lakes, ice and snw. The rest, 98% f the water, is in seas and ceans. It is t salty t drink. Then desalinatin businesses cme in. Mre than 19,000 factries have been built arund the wrld, mstly in castal cuntries. They prcess (加工) mre than 92 millin tns f water every day. But the technlgy they use requires a lt f energy.
    Scientists are wrking t create a less cstly technlgy. They want t prduce 20 times mre clean water and make sure everyne has enugh. But fr nw, the wrld still faces each day with nt having enugh water fr everyne.
    1.Where is the fresh water n ur planet frm?
    A.Rivers and lakes.B.Rivers and ceans.
    C.Lakes and seas.D.Seas and ceans.
    2.Treating wastewater helps the envirnment by ________.
    A.string waste in ice and snw
    B.letting waste run int ceans
    C.keeping waste ut f rivers and ceans
    D.sending waste t castal cuntries
    3.What des the underlined wrd “desalinatin” in Paragraph 3 mean?
    A.远洋运输B.潮汐发电
    C.食盐销售D.海水淡化
    4.Hw much wastewater arund the wrld is nt treated?
    A.75%B.2%C.98%D.80%
    5.What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
    A.Water shuld be a human right.
    B.The water prblem is still serius.
    C.Our planet is cvered with water.
    D.Everyne has enugh clean water.
    5
    ①Arund the wrld, peple are mre and mre wrried abut the envirnment. Many peple nw prefer prducts and cmpanies (公司) that care abut the earth and cause less pllutin. This need fr green prducts has led large cmpanies t change their business.
    ②Befre, custmers used cheap plastic bags, and then threw them away. But nw mst supermarkets and stres usually prvide reusable shpping bags fr them. This causes less waste. They als ffer mre lcal prducts, because less energy is needed fr carrying them frm ne place t anther.
    ③T help lwer air pllutin, big car factries are lking fr ther ways t cntrl the amunt (数量) f il. Cars that use much less il are very ppular. Many cmpanies are als develping fully electric cars. They prduce n air pllutin at all. Bth kinds f cars have anther advantage—they are cheaper t run and peple dn’t need t wrry abut il prices.
    ④The airline cmpanies face an even greater green challenge. Airplanes use much mre il than cars. S many airlines are nw develping planes that can run n sme ther kinds f il. They create less pllutin and cst less. The cmpanies are als develping a new kind f planes, and sme f them use nly slar panels (太阳能板) t fly!
    ⑤Green businesses used t be ppular with nly a small grup f peple. But nw, mre and mre cmpanies have t shw they care abut the envirnment. Many prducts are marked “green” in rder t lk nice. Hwever, peple still have t be careful when chsing green prducts. It’s imprtant t make sure the prducts are as envirnmentally friendly as the businessmen say.
    1.Why are big car factries lking fr ther ways t cntrl the amunt f il?
    A.T be cheaper t run.B.T use mre il.C.T help lwer air pllutin.
    2.What are the advantages f electric cars accrding t the passage?
    a. Using cheap il. b. Running at lw csts. c. Prducing n air pllutin.
    A.a and bB.b and cC.a and c
    3.The last sentence f the passage is written t ________.
    A.shw the green prducts are healthy
    B.encurage peple t buy green prducts
    C.tell peple t chse green prducts carefully
    4.Which is the best structure f the passage?
    A.B.C.
    5.What’s the best title fr the passage?
    A.Green Is Cheaper
    B.Green Is Gd Business
    C.Green Makes Life Easier
    6
    What d yu d with clthes yu dn’t want t wear anymre? Yu may dnate them r give them t ther peple. What happens next? Where d these clthes end up?
    It’s reprted that 92 millin tns f clthes end up in landfills every year. This means that every secnd a truck full f clthes arrives at a landfill.
    Sadly, the beaches f Ghana, a cuntry in West Africa, are ne f these places. Nw, the beaches are cvered with clthing waste.
    Peple frm all ver the wrld dnate clthes t charity. Hwever, charity shps nly sell up 20 percent f dnated clthes, said the Guardian. The unsld clthes are then put in large bags and travel t ther cuntries t be sld again r treated as waste.
    The Kantamant market in Accra, the capital f Ghana, is ne f the wrld’s largest secndhand clthing markets. Every week, 20 millin pieces f clthes arrive at Kantamant. But abut 40 percent f them leave the market as waste.
    Wrkers either burn the waste r put it undergrund. Hwever, the city is near the sea, s there’s nt enugh space fr landfills. This is why a lt f clthing waste ends up n the beach. As it ges int the sea, fish and ther sea life are in danger. Sea turtles (海龟) can’t get t the land, and fish can’t grw because they may get caught in the clthes.
    The waste is als hurting the ecnmy (经济), Ernest Ijawan, a wrker at a landfill in Ghana, tld Frbes. Fishers can’t catch as many fish as befre since mst f the things they catch are clthes.
    Accrding t anther survey, many fast fashin clthes are wrn nly 7 t 10 times, and then they are thrwn away.
    Arund 15 years ag, this number was 10 t 15 times. Peple maybe haven’t realized that ur clthes can be bad fr the envirnment. But that’s the fact. S please think twice befre we buy clthes r thrw them away.
    1.The writer explains his pint by ________.
    A.listing numbersB.telling striesC.giving examplesD.bth A and C
    2.Hw did a piece f ld clthes in Ghana end up n the beach?
    ①Nbdy bught it. ②There was n place fr landfills.
    ③The persn dnated it t charity. ④It was treated as waste.
    ⑤It was put in ne charity shp.
    A.⑤③①④②B.⑤②④③①C.③⑤①④②D.③⑤②④①
    3.The writer thinks ur clthes can be bad fr the envirnment because ________.
    A.as it ges int the sea, fish and ther sea life are in danger
    B.charity shps nly sell up 20 percent f dnated clthes
    C.every secnd a truck full f clthes arrives at a landfill
    D.the beaches f Ghana are cvered with clthing waste
    4.What can we learn frm Paragraphs 8-9?
    A.The fishermen will live a hard life.B.We shuldn’t buy t many clthes.
    C.The fish will be expensive.D.We shuld think carefully abut clthes.
    5.What’s the main idea f the passage?
    A.The harm ur clthes d t the envirnment.
    B.The ways t deal with the clthes we dn’t want t wear.
    C.The reasns why there is s much clthing waste.
    D.The intrductin f the wrld’s largest secndhand clthing market.
    7
    1.An adult male plar bear weighs as much as ________ men.
    A.6B.12C.20D.75
    2.What d plar bears mainly eat?
    A.Birds.B.Fish.C.Eggs.D.Seals.
    3.Why is sea ice imprtant t plar bears?
    A.They need it t stre fd.
    B.They can’t keep warm withut it.
    C.They need it t hunt and prduce babies.
    D.They can’t swim and can nly walk n ice.
    4.What can we d t prtect plar bears?
    ① ② ③ ④
    A.①②③B.①③④C.①②④D.②③④
    5.What can we learn abut plar bears?
    A.They are actually white.
    B.They have very gd hearing.
    C.There are still peple hunting them.
    D.They are the largest animals in the wrld.
    8
    根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
    On March 4th, after 10 years f difficult talks, nearly 200 cuntries agreed t a new UN agreement-the High Seas Treaty (《公海保护协议》) . It is the first f its kind in 40 years, 1
    Oceans cver abut 71% f the earth’s surface, and are hme t all animals and plants. Healthy ceans play a very imprtant rle in a healthy planet. 2 Overfishing (过度捕捞) has had terrible influence n many fishes and ther animals. Pllutin has caused serius damage (破坏) in many areas.
    In 1982, ne UN sea agreement described the “high seas”—the parts f the ceans that aren’t cntrlled by any cuntry. 3 The high seas cver abut 2/3 f the cean. But nw nly l.2% f these areas are prtected. 4 It als requires that the research shuld first be dne t see what influence human’s activities might have n the cean envirnment.
    During the past 10 years, the talks were held time and time again. 5 Fr example, there are disagreements abut hw much t cntrl fishing r pllutin, Nw the agreement has a lng way t g, which must be fficially accepted at a UN meeting and be supprted by enugh cuntries befre it wrks.
    A.But the ceans are in truble.
    B.And it’s a great achievement in prtecting the wrld’s ceans.
    C.The agreement was finally reached after difficult discussins.
    D.S all cuntries have the right (权利) t fish and send ships there.
    E.That is because different cuntries have their wn different ideas.
    F.The new agreement sets a gal t turn 30% f the high seas int prtected areas.
    G.Oceans are imprtant fr everything n the earth.
    9
    根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
    Have yu nticed that there are mre parks in cities these days? Frm “pcket parks” between cmmunities t frest parks in the uter cities, lcal gvernments have been making effrts t make China’s cities greener.
    1 . These leisure spaces pen up frests s that visitrs can walk thrugh nature and get clser t wildlife. The city will build mre than 50 wdland parks by 2025.
    In sme cities, mre cmpanies and universities have chsen t “pen their gates” and share their greenery. Fr example, the Shanghai Research Institute f Sprt Science pened its 1,000 km2 green land t the public. The park is jined by histrical buildings in the area, 2 . In Nanning, parks aren’t just used fr leisure. Fr ne thing, parks have becme a place t spread intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) t the public. The Peple’s Park has held several shws fr free. And these parks als welcme visitrs t watch Nanning’s traditinal Yng Opera. 3 . That’s why the new Nanning Flwers Park prvides several yards fr playing ball games, and it ften hlds fitness activities.
    Besides meeting peple’s needs, 4 . Take Beijing’s Central Green Frest Park as an example. The park has reached carbn-neutral (碳中和) since it was pened in 2020. This means that althugh the facilities (设施) lead t the increase f CO2 in the park, the plants there can take in mre t make up. The park als fully reuses rainwater and creates green energy fr the park.
    5 . They meet peple’s needs fr a better living experience and are a peple-centered idea that takes the frm f an imprved natural envirnment in all fields.
    A.prviding mre space fr turists t have a rest
    B.parks can als be gd fr the envirnment
    C.helping peple have mre time t d exercise
    D.Peple in China want mre and mre parks
    E.As cities in China becme greener, “park cities” are becming a reality
    F.Fr anther, mre lcal peple chse t g t the park fr exercise
    G.Frm 2021 t 2022, Shanghai has turned 62 wdlands int leisure (休闲) spaces
    10
    根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
    A prblem is nly a prblem until there is a slutin(解决办法). We find slutins by thinking creatively. 1 In ther wrds, we think utside the bx. Smetimes, thinking utside the bx slves nt just ne, but tw prblems. Amsterdam is ne f the mst crwded cities in Eurpe. As a result, husing is very expensive, especially fr students.
    2 Hwever, finding this type f apartments was almst impssible until recently. While the clleges in Amsterdam were trying t slve the husing prblem, thusands f shipping cntains(集装箱) were lying quietly in prts(港口) arund the wrld. These huge steel cntainers carry prducts frm ne cuntry t anther. The life f each cntainer is abut 10 years. 3 Yet they can’t recycle all f them because there are s many.
    Back in Amsterdam, a cmpany came up with amazing idea. Why nt reuse these shipping cntainers as student apartments? 4 They are all the same size and fit tgether perfectly. The steel is strng. Mrever, these cntainers are s widely available that they are quite cheap t buy. Fr all these reasns, they can be used t build apartments quickly and cheaply. Building began in 2005, and after nly a few weeks, hundreds f Amsterdam students had new hmes.
    When students first heard abut this idea, they thught the cntainer apartments wuld be small, nisy, and cld. 5 Each cntainer apartment has a kitchen, a bedrm with a study area, and a bathrm. The apartments are warm and quiet. They even have a high-speed Internet cnnectin. Living in a shipping cntainer has becme ppular. Tday, ver 3,000 Amsterdam students live in the cn tainer village.
    A.Students need lw-cst apartments.
    B.The cntainers are great fr building apartments.
    C.In fact, these apartments are nt in gd cnditin.
    D.Hwever, they were surprised when they saw them.
    E.Steel cmpanies recycle sme f the ld cntainers.
    F.Recycling the steel cntainers has many ideas.
    G.We use ur imaginatin and cme up with creative advantages.
    参考答案
    1
    【答案与解析】本文阐述了由于温室气体排放而造成的全世界范围内的极端天气,以及它给我们带来的灾难。
    1.词义猜测题。根据“Areas f Eurpe were hit by big the lngest heat wave in 61 years.”可知,许多国家的人们都在经历极端天气,所以划线单词意为“经历”,故选B。
    2.细节理解题。根据“In the US, mre than 80 percent f the west is in drught, up frm just 20 percent in 2021.”可知,美国今年夏天遭受干旱,故选D。
    3.细节理解题。根据“Fr fur years, there wasn’t enugh rain during the summer and the land was t dry t grw fd.”可知,夏天雨水不足,土地太干,无法种植粮食,C选项符合,故选C。
    4.细节理解题。根据“extreme weather is becming mre and mre cmmn all ver the wrld”,“Many peple are suffering this summer.”,“Extreme weather events are affecting peple’s livelihds.”及“It’s time fr everyne t take actin t slw dwn climate change.”可知,正确的顺序为cabd,故选B。
    5.主旨大意题。根据“Extreme weather is a warning t us. It’s time fr everyne t take actin t slw dwn climate change.”可知,本文阐述了由于温室气体排放而造成的全世界范围内的极端天气,以及它给我们带来的灾难。目的是为了引起人们对极端天气的注意。故选D。
    2
    【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了许多鸟类正在用人类的垃圾筑巢,这一做法既有利也有弊。
    1.细节理解题。根据“They fund that birds have used man-made things in nests almst everywhere n Earth except Antarctica. Sme rubbish seems t be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests.” 可知,他们发现许多鸟类的巢里都有垃圾。故选B。
    2.细节理解题。根据“Fr example, cigarette butts have special smell, s they can keep insects away and prtect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and ther hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests strnger.”可知,鸟会用烟头、塑料袋和纸卡来筑巢。故选D。
    3.细节理解题。根据“Fr example, cigarette butts have special smell, s they can keep insects away and prtect the baby birds.”可知,烟头可以阻止昆虫靠近。故选C。
    4.主旨大意题。根据“Hwever, in the end, human rubbish may nly bring mre harm t birds. The txic (有毒的) chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick r have shrter lives, accrding t a study.”可知,本段主要讲了人类垃圾对鸟类的不良影响。故选A。
    3
    【答案与解析】本文是一篇科技新闻,主要介绍了欧洲一家名为Human Material Lp的公司正在尝试将人类的头发制成织物,用于制作衣物,以此来改变服装行业,同时也解决了人类头发废弃物的环保问题。
    1.细节理解题。根据第一段“A wly (羊毛的) cat and a head f human hair have mre in cmmn than yu might think. Bth include keratin fibers (角蛋白纤维) and bth prvide warmth. ”可知,羊毛外套和人类头发的共同点是它们都含有角蛋白纤维。故选A。
    2.句意猜测题。根据第二段“When hair waste breaks dwn in a rubbish bag, it gives ff greenhuse gases (气体)”可知,当头发废弃物在垃圾袋中分解时,头发会释放出温室气体,这里的it指的是头发废弃物。故选B。
    3.细节理解题。根据第四段“But histrically, Kllar pints ut, human hair has been used as a fabric in many cultures. In the 13th century, fr example, peple in what is nw the suthwestern United States used human hair t make scks.”可知,从历史上看,人类的头发在许多文化中都被用作织物。例如,在13世纪,现在美国西南部的人们用人的头发做袜子,所以D项表述正确。故选D。
    4.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“‘There is much wrk t d t get peple t accept hair fabric’ Kllar says. ‘But I can see it cming mre and mre int ur daily lives, ver time’.”可知,Kllar对头发织物的未来充满了希望。故选C。
    4
    【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了全球水资源的短缺问题,以及如何通过处理废水和海水淡化等方式来解决这个问题。
    1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“While 75% f ur planet is cvered with water, nly abut 2% is fresh water—that cmes frm rivers, lakes, ice and snw.”可知,我们的星球上的淡水来自河流、湖泊、冰和雪。故选A。
    2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Treating wastewater is a gd way t prvide fresh water fr us. And it als helps the envirnment by keeping waste ut f rivers and ceans.”可知,处理废水有助于保护环境,因为它可以防止废物进入河流和海洋。故选C。
    3.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Then desalinatin businesses cme in. Mre than 19,000 factries have been built arund the wrld, mstly in castal cuntries. They prcess (加工) mre than 92 millin tns f water every day. ”可知,这些工厂每天处理超过9200万吨的水,这是通过海水淡化的方式进行的,所以“desalinatin”意为“海水淡化”。故选D。
    4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“80% f wastewater arund the wrld is nt treated at all, and it is running int ceans.”可知,全球有80%的废水没有得到处理。故选D。
    5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They want t prduce 20 times mre clean water and make sure everyne has enugh. But fr nw, the wrld still faces each day with nt having enugh water fr everyne.”可知,尽管科学家们正在努力创造更便宜的技术来生产更多的清洁水,但目前全球仍面临着水资源短缺的问题。故选B。
    5
    【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们越来越担心环境问题,很多人倾向于选择环保产品,这种需求使大公司改变了业务,纷纷生产绿色环保的产品。
    1.细节理解题。根据“T help lwer air pllutin, big car factries are lking fr ther ways t cntrl the amunt (数量) f il.”可知,为了减少空气污染,大型汽车厂正在寻找其他方法来控制石油的使用量。故选C。
    2.细节理解题。根据“Many cmpanies are als develping fully electric cars. They prduce n air pllutin at all. Bth kinds f cars have anther advantage—they are cheaper t run and peple dn’t need t wrry abut il prices.”可知,电动汽车的优点是它们不会造成空气污染和运行成本低。故选B。
    3.推理判断题。根据“It’s imprtant t make sure the prducts are as envirnmentally friendly as the businessmen say.”可知,重要的是要确保产品像商人所说的那样环保,故可推知最后一句是为了告诉人们要谨慎选择绿色产品。故选C。
    4.篇章结构题。通读全文内容可知,第一段总领全文,引出话题,为第一部分;第二、三、四段分别介绍了一些公司为了保护环境而生产出的绿色环保产品,为第二部分;最后一段是在总结全文。故选A。
    5.最佳标题题。通读全文内容可知,主要讲述了人们越来越担心环境问题,很多人倾向于选择环保产品,这种需求使大公司改变了业务,纷纷生产绿色环保的产品。故选项B“绿色是好生意”。故选B。
    6
    【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述来自世界各地捐赠但未售出的衣物最终成为垃圾,被丢弃在非洲西部国家加纳的海滩上,对当地经济和海洋生物造成了伤害。
    1.细节理解题。根据“It’s reprted that 92 millin tns f clthes end up in landfills every year.”及“Every week, 20 millin pieces f clthes arrive at Kantamant. But abut 40 percent f them leave the market as waste.”可知作者用了列数字的方法;根据“Sadly, the beaches f Ghana, a cuntry in West Africa, are ne f these places. Nw, the beaches are cvered with clthing waste.”及“The Kantamant market in Accra, the capital f Ghana, is ne f the wrld’s largest secndhand clthing markets.”可知作者使用了举例子的方法。故选D。
    2.细节理解题。根据“Peple frm all ver the wrld dnate clthes t charity. Hwever, charity shps nly sell up 20 percent f dnated clthes, said the Guardian. The unsld clthes are then put in large bags and travel t ther cuntries t be sld again r treated as waste.”可知先是世界各地的人们向慈善机构捐赠衣服,然后在慈善商店出售,未售出的衣服被放入大袋子中,运往其他国家再次出售或作为废物处理。再由“Wrkers either burn the waste r put it undergrund. Hwever, the city is near the sea, s there’s nt enugh space fr landfills.”可知最后是没有足够的空间进行垃圾填埋。故选C。
    3.细节理解题。根据“As it ges int the sea, fish and ther sea life are in danger. Sea turtles (海龟) can’t get t the land, and fish can’t grw because they may get caught in the clthes.”可知作者认为我们的衣服对环境有害,是因为当它流入大海时,鱼和其他海洋生物处于危险之中。故选A。
    4.推理判断题。根据“S please think twice befre we buy clthes r thrw them away.”及第八、九段的内容可知,主要是呼吁人们买衣服或者扔掉衣服之前要三思。故选D。
    5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章讲述来自世界各地捐赠但未售出的衣物最终成为垃圾,被丢弃在非洲西部国家加纳的海滩上,对当地经济和海洋生物造成了伤害。故选项A“我们的衣服对环境的危害”符合文章主旨,故选A。
    7
    【答案与解析】本文介绍了北极熊以及如何保护它们。
    1.细节理解题。根据“An adult male plar bear weighs abut 750 kg, which is abut the same weight as 12 men”可知一只成年雄性北极熊的体重约为750公斤,大约相当于12个男人的重量。故选B。
    2.细节理解题。根据图表fd可知,主要吃Seals(海豹),故选D。
    3.细节理解题。根据“They depend n sea ice fr resting, hunting (猎食) and breeding”可知它们需要它来狩猎和生产婴儿。故选C。
    4.细节理解题。根据“Travel n ft, by bike r by public transprt.”、“Offer mney and help t rganizatins that prtect plar bears.”、“Recycle as ften as pssible.”可知有骑自行车、捐钱以及回收利用。故选B。
    5.细节理解题。根据“They still face the danger f being hunted by humans.”可知它们仍然面临着被人类猎杀的危险。故选C。
    8
    【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了海洋的重要性,并讲述为了保护海洋,近200个国家同意了一项新的联合国协议——《公海保护协议》。
    1.根据前句“It is the first f its kind in 40 years.”可知此处介绍这个协议的重要性,选项B“这是保护世界海洋的伟大成就。”符合语境。故选B。
    2.根据后句“Overfishing (过度捕捞) has had terrible influence n many kinds f fish and ther animals. Pllutin has caused serius damage (破坏) in many areas.”可知此处介绍海洋处在危险中,选项A“但海洋却陷入了困境。”符合语境。故选A。
    3.根据前句“In 1982, ne UN sea agreement described the ‘high seas’—the parts f the ceans that aren’t cntrlled by any cuntry”可知每个国家都可以使用海洋中不受任何国家控制的部分,选项D“因此,所有国家都有权在那里捕鱼并派遣船只。”符合语境。故选D。
    4.根据前句“But nw nly 1.2% f these areas are prtected.”可知此处讲述协议通过之后,有多少海洋受到保护,选项F“新协议设定了将30%的公海变成保护区的目标。”符合语境。故选F。
    5. 根据前句“During the past 10 years, the talks were held time and time again.”可知此处介绍不断举行谈话的原因,选项E“这是因为不同的国家有自己不同的想法。”符合语境。故选E。
    9
    【答案与解析】本文主要讲从社区之间的“口袋公园”到城市外围的森林公园,地方政府一直在努力使中国的城市更加绿色。
    1.根据“These leisure spaces pen up frests s that visitrs can walk thrugh nature and get clser t wildlife.”可知此处提到了休闲空间,G项“从2021年到2022年,上海已经将62片林地变成了休闲空间”符合语境。故选G。
    2.根据“The park is jined by histrical buildings in the area”可知与历史建州相连,A项“为游客提供更多的休息空间”符合语境。故选A。
    3.根据“Fr ne thing”可知此处讲另一方面,F项“另一方面,更多的当地人选择去公园锻炼”符合语境。故选F。
    4.根据“The park has reached carbn-neutral (碳中和) since it was pened in 2020.”可知对环境有好处,B项“公园对环境也有好处”符合语境。故选B。
    5.根据“They meet peple’s needs fr a better living experience and are a peple-centered idea that takes the frm f an imprved natural envirnment in all fields.”可知它满足了人们对更好的生活体验的需求,是一种以人为本的理念,表现为在各个领域改善自然环境,这是“公园城市”,E项“随着中国城市越来越环保,‘公园城市’正在成为现实”符合语境。故选E。
    10
    【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了解决旧集装箱问题的方法,一些被钢铁公司回收,一些被建成了学生公寓,现在有很多学生住在集装箱的公寓里。
    1.由“We find slutins by thinking creatively. ”可知,说的是创造性的思维,选项G“我们运用想象力,创造出创造性的优势。”符合语境,故选G。
    2.由“As a result, husing is very expensive, especially fr students.”和“Hwever, finding this type f apartments was almst impssible until recently.”可知,对于学生来说住房很贵,他们很难找到廉价公寓,选项A“学生需要廉价公寓。”符合语境,故选A。
    3.由“The life f each cntainer is abut 10 years.”和“Yet they can’t recycle all f them because there are s many.”可知,集装箱的寿命大约10年,但太多了钢铁公司不能全部回收,选项E“钢铁公司回收一些旧集装箱。”符合语境,故选E。
    4.由“Why nt reuse these shipping cntainers as student apartments? ”可知,应该用这些集装箱建造学生公寓,选项B“集装箱非常适合建造公寓。”符合语境,故选B。
    5.由“When students first heard abut this idea, they thught the cntainer apartments wuld be small, nisy, and cld .”和“Each cntainer apartment has a kitchen, a bedrm with a study area, and a bathrm.”可知,学生们认为集装箱公寓会不太好,但是每个集装箱公寓都有厨房,卧室,书房和浴室,选项D“然而,当他们看到它们时,他们感到惊讶。”符合语境,故选D。
    Internatinal Plar Bear Day
    The 2024 Internatinal Plar Bear Day is cming! Let’s get t knw the largest bears and learn hw t prtect them!
    Sme facts abut plar bears
    Clr
    They are actually black, nt white. They appear white because their hair refects (反射) sunlight.
    Skills
    ·They have an amazing sense f smell. They can smell a seal frm 20 miles away.
    ·They are excellent swimmers. They can swim at a speed f 6 miles per hur.
    ·They can keep themselves warm even in very lw temperatures.
    Challenges that plar bears face.·They depend n sea ice fr resting, hunting (猎食) and breeding (繁殖), but the area f sea ice is becming smaller and smaller.
    ·Peple dump il waste r ther harmful things int the sea, which puts them in danger.
    ·They still face the danger f being hunted by humans.
    Things we can d t prtect plar bears·Travel n ft, by bike r by public transprt.
    ·Offer mney and help t rganizatins that prtect plar bears.
    ·Recycle as ften as pssible.
    ·Call fr mre peple t pay attentin t the living envirnment f plar bears.

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