专题14 主题阅读-健康生活-阅读问答题-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版)

这是一份专题14 主题阅读-健康生活-阅读问答题-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版)，文件包含14主题阅读-健康生活原卷版docx、14主题阅读-健康生活解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。

一、主题阐释
生态环境类文章主要围绕‌生态环境现状与问题‌、‌环保行动与政策‌两大主题展开。‌生态环境现状与问题‌方面，常涉及空气污染、水污染、土壤污染等严重问题，以及全球变暖、生态系统退化等全球性挑战‌。这些文章通过描述环境问题的严重性和紧迫性，引导学生关注生态环境状况。‌环保行动与政策‌方面，则重点介绍政府和社会各界为保护环境所采取的措施，如立法控制污染、推广绿色发展理念、实施生态补偿制度等‌。这类内容旨在培养学生的环保意识和责任感，鼓励他们积极参与环保行动。通过阅读这些文章，学生不仅能了解生态环境知识，还能提升环保素养和解决问题的能力。
二、语篇特征
1.主题明确‌
健康生活类阅读语篇通常围绕“健康”这一核心主题展开，涉及饮食、运动、作息等多个方面，‌旨在引导学生关注健康生活方式，培养健康意识。
2.内容实用‌
这类语篇往往包含大量实用的健康知识和生活建议，如低脂饮食的热量摄入、合理作息的重要性等，‌能够帮助学生了解健康生活的具体实践方法‌‌。
3.语言贴近生活‌
健康生活类阅读语篇的语言通常贴近学生的日常生活，使用简单明了的词汇和句式，‌便于学生理解和吸收相关信息。
4.结构清晰‌
这类语篇通常结构清晰，有明确的引言、主体和结论部分。‌引言部分引出健康主题，主体部分详细阐述健康知识和建议，结论部分总结并强调健康生活的重要性‌‌。
5.教育意义强‌
健康生活类阅读语篇不仅传递健康知识，还蕴含深刻的教育意义。‌通过阅读这类语篇，学生可以认识到健康生活的重要性，从而自觉养成健康的生活习惯‌‌。
三、主题词汇
1.‌基础概念‌
‌healthy living‌健康生活‌
‌physical health‌身体健康‌
‌state f health‌健康状况‌
‌mental health‌精神健康‌
2.行为与习惯‌
‌d/get exercise‌锻炼‌
‌regular exercise‌定期锻炼‌
‌eat fresh vegetables and fruits‌吃新鲜蔬菜和水果‌
‌a well-balanced diet‌均衡饮食‌
‌drink a glass f milk‌喝一杯牛奶‌
3状态与问题‌
‌in excellent cnditin‌健康状况很好‌
‌feel well‌感觉好‌
‌feel ill/awful‌感觉病了/不舒服‌
‌indigestin‌消化不良‌
‌high bld pressure‌高血压‌
4‌对健康有害的因素‌
‌be harmful t‌对……有害‌
‌junk fd‌垃圾食品‌
‌fd additives‌食品添加剂‌
突破练习
1
Sugar is a sweet thing that is used t ck fd and can make drinks sweet. And it is lved by mst peple. Hw can smething be s nice but s bad fr us?
Naturally prducing sugar, fr example in fruit, is cnsidered healthy. Hwever, refined (精制的) sugar is nt healthy and is added t many prcessed fds t make them taste better. T peple’s surprise, this refined sugar can be fund in many delicius fds like bread. Besides that, refined sugar has n value t ur health and ffers empty calries (卡路里). It als has n fiber (纤维素), unlike the natural sugar in fruit, s it is easy t eat a lt. T many calries lead t putting n mre weight. T much sugar will als harm ur teeth and we even get sme diseases in ur later life.
S what can we d abut t much sugar, especially the hidden sugar in ur diet? It seems that we can get sme help frm the gvernment. It shuld regulate the amunt (数量) f sugar that cmpanies can add t fds. Next, schls shuld tell students abut the health prblems f eating t much sugar. What’s mre, it is necessary fr students t eat mre vegetables and fruit with less sugar.
Althugh sugar is delicius, it still puts ur future health at risk. It is imprtant fr yung peple t knw abut the danger f eating t much sugar.
1．Why is refined sugar added t many fds?
A．T make fds fresher.
B．T make fds mre delicius.
C．T increase the weight f fds.
2．What des the underlined wrd “regulate” mean in Chinese?
A．控制B．增加C．完善
3．What shuld students d t avid eating t much sugar accrding t the passage?
A．Try t drink a lt f water everyday.
B．Eat refined sugar instead f natural sugar.
C．Eat mre vegetables and fruit with less sugar in daily life.
4．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Why Is Sugar Harmful?
B．What Are Health Prblems?
C．Where Des the Sugar Cme frm?
2
Grwn-ups can’t ften remember much abut what happened in their early age. As a result, sme peple think we aren’t able t make memries befre we’re 4 r 5years ld. But researchers studying early memries dn’t think s. They believe we d start making memries at a very yung age. Hwever, what we remember abut ur early years seems t change as we grw up.
Researchers wrked with 140 children aged between 4 and 13. First, they asked the children t describe their earliest memry. Then they asked them abut hw ld they were when the event tk place. Next, they asked the children’s parents t make sure that the event actually happened. All the answers were written dwn. Tw years later, the researchers went back t the children and asked them again, “What’s yur earliest memry?”
Nearly all the children wh were aged between 4 and 7 in the first interview said smething very different in the secnd interview. And when the researchers reminded them f what they’d said the first time, many f the children said: “N! That never happened t me.” On the ther hand, many f the children wh were between 10 and 13 at the first interview described the same memry in the secnd interview. This seems t suggest that ur memries change in the early years, but that at arund the age f ten, the things that we remember remain.
Accrding t the study, the researchers als fund that children’s early memries were ften happy nes. Hwever, peple used t think that mst early memries were abut very stressful things that happened t them as children, because bad things stand ut in mind. In fact, stressful events were nly a small percentage f what the children said they remembered.
1．What d we knw abut ur memries accrding t the research?
A．We dn’t remember stressful things in life.
B．We dn’t realize we can change ur memries.
C．We begin t make memries when we are little.
D．We start t make memries at arund the age f 10.
2．Hw des the researchers check whether the children’s earliest memries are true?
A．By recrding their answers.
B．By turning t their parents fr help.
C．By asking them again tw years later.
D．By dividing them int different grups.
3．What des the underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The children aged frm 8 t 11 in the first interview.
B．The children aged frm 10 t 13 in the first interview.
C．The children aged frm 4 t 7 in the secnd interview.
D．The children aged frm 6 t 9 in the secnd interview.
4．What will the researchers prbably g n studying accrding t the passage?
A．What children’s first r earliest memry actually is.
B．Wh is respnsible fr checking children’s memries.
C．Why children remember certain events but nt thers.
D．Whether the earliest memry change as peple grw up.
3
Chips, ckies and ice- kinds f fd that we like are ultra-prcessed (超加工). And yu may be addicted t (上瘾) them, said a new study in the British Medical Jurnal.
What are ultra-prcessed fds (UPFs)? In shrt, yu can’t re-create them in yur kitchen. They are usually made in factries. They have lng list f additives (添加剂)—sme yu may never have heard f.
The study lked int 281 ther studies frm 36 different cuntries and areas. It fund that UPF lvers may strngly crave such fd. If they stp eating it, they can feel very sad.
Why are UPFs addictive? Usually, natural fds are either high in carbhydrates (碳水化合物) r high in fat.
UPFs, hwever, are usually high in bth. S, such fds can have mre calries than natural fds.
Such fds als bring carbhydrates and fat t the gut (肠道) faster. Our bdy breaks dwn the fat frm natural fds slwly. Hwever, the bdy breaks dwn the fat in UPFs as sn as it reaches the stmach. This makes the brain create mre dpamine (多巴胺). It makes yu feel happier and want t eat mre.
Abut 14 percent f adults and 12 percent f children are addicted t UPFs, said the study. They cause prblems t peple’s health arund the wrld. Scientists are nw calling fr mre attentin t the UPFs.
1．What d we knw abut ultra-prcessed fds?
A．They are actually nt eatable.
B．We can find them in natural fds.
C．It takes a lng time t ck them in kitchens.
D．They have many different kinds f additives.
2．What des the underlined wrd “crave” mean in the passage?
A．Lk fr.B．Run fr.C．Wish fr.D．Leave fr.
3．Which is the reasn fr UPFs being addictive?
A．The gut lves the carbhydrates in UPFs mre.
B．UPFs arrive at the stmach faster than natural fds.
C．Peple feel happy when the bdy makes mre dpamine after eating UPFs.
D．UPFs have dpamine which can make peple feel happy.
4．Which f the fllwing d the scientists may agree?
A．Eating UPFs is a gd way t becme happy.
B．It is hard t give up UPFs n ne’s wn.
C．There will be mre peple addicted t UPFs.
D．Peple shuld eat less UPFs fr health.
4
Eczema (湿疹) is a disease which influences children and teenagers much mre ften than adults.
The symptms (症状) f eczema are different amng peple, such as dry, itchy (发痒的) skin with redness, r sres. Eczema can happen n any part f the bdy, such as hands, feet, knees, face and neck. The cnditin can last fr mre than ne year. Mst children will nt get eczema as they grw up. Hwever, sme peple have eczema again when they get lder. This means that they need a lng-lasting treatment.
Why d peple get eczema? Yur genes (基因). Dctrs fund that if bth parents have eczema, their child is 3-5 times mre likely t have ne as well. Meanwhile, sme dctrs fund that kids wh live in cities may have the higher pssibility f getting eczema than thse wh live in the cuntry. Other causes f eczema include types f sap, dry wintertime air, and sme clthes that make the skin uncmfrtable.
Eczema can have a large effect n a persn’s life. The itchy feeling f eczema can be s serius that it keeps many patients awake at night, which makes them mre tired and nervus during the day. The itchiness can als make it hard t fcus n wrk r schl. Als, if viruses get under the skin, smetimes they can cause mre serius diseases. S peple with eczema are mre likely t get ill than peple with healthy skin. Finally, peple may lse cnfidence because f lking different.
There are plenty f ways t treat eczema r t stp it frm getting wrse. The mst imprtant is t make sure t use misturizers (润肤膏) ften. They misturize the skin and prevent it frm getting dry. When misturizer des nt wrk, dctrs may tell patients t take medicines t help with eczema. If thse ways can’t help patients at all, dctrs will suggest ther treatments like light therapy (疗法), which uses specific waves f light by machine. But if yu d have eczema, avid ht shwers r baths t keep the skin frm getting itchy. Remember t keep clear f sme clthes like sweaters. Nw yu can help thers learn abut eczema t!
1．Eczema ________.
A．makes peple’s skin wetB．needs a shrt-time treatment
C．influences peple f all agesD．happens n certain parts f the bdy
2．Accrding t the passage, what prblem can eczema cause?
A．Patients’ genes may be changed.
B．Patients suffer frm sleeping lss.
C．Patients lk at thers differently.
D．Patients mve away frm the cuntry.
3．Which f the fllwing abut treating eczema is TRUE?
A．Sunlight can stp eczema frm spreading.
B．Misturizers are helpful t make patients better.
C．Wearing sweaters will make peple cmfrtable.
D．Peple can take ht shwers t stp itchy feelings.
4．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Eczema and Its SymptmsB．Eczema: A Way t be Beautiful
C．New Discveries in HealthD．Eczema: A Great Enemy f Skin
5
Have yu ever heard f the term “children f the stars”? It’s a special name fr children with autism (自闭症). April 2 is Wrld Autism Awareness Day. It was started by the United Natins t help peple knw mre abut autism and ffer better care and supprt t thse wh have it.
Autism affects hw a persn grws and learns. It usually starts t shw in the first three years f life. The fficial name fr this cnditin is “autism spectrum disrder (自闭症谱系障碍).”
Dctrs use a handbk called DSM-5 t diagnse (诊断) autism. It talks abut tw main autism signs: prblems with talking and being with thers and ding the same things ver and ver again.
“When I talk t my daughter r ask her t d smething, she wn’t pay attentin t me,” said MengLingdi. Her daughter was diagnsed with autism at the age f 2. “She desn’t make as much eye cntact with peple as ther kids d.”
Children with autism als feel physical pain. “Many f them have epilepsy (癫痫) because their brain activity is different frm that f ther kids,” said Sun Zhngkai at Beijing Stars and RainEducatin Institute fr Autism (Stars and Rain).
We dn’t knw exactly what causes autism. But scientists think it might be a mix f things like hw we grw, ur genes (基因), and ur envirnment. If a family has a child with autism, the chance f their ther children having autism is abut 10 times higher than usual.
1．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A．The term “children f the stars”.B．The disease called Autism.
C．Wrld Autism Awareness Day.D．The better care and supprt.
2．If a child has autism, when can it be fund?
A．Befre birth.B．On April 2nd.C．At the age f 12.D．In the first three years.
3．What prblem may children with autism have?
A．They can cmmunicate with peple easily.B．They d the same things ver and ver again.
C．They pay attentin t what their parents say.D．They make much eye cntact with peple.
4．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the text?
A．Autism wn’t affect a persn’s grwth.B．Dctrs use DSM-5 t diagnse autism.
C．Children with autism cannt feel physical pain.D．Scientists have fund ut what causes autism.
5．In which part f a magazine can yu read the text?
A．Nature.B．Sprts.C．Health.D．Travel.
6
Jin Ying, 25, is a lver f Traditinal Chinese Medicine (TCM). She tk part in a three-mnth training curse n acupuncture and tuina (针灸推拿) in the winter f 2023 at Beijing University f Chinese Medicine.
Jin’s life has been different since the training. She changed her life habits after learning the Five Elements thery. Fr example, she avided sweating t much during exercise in winter because the cld f winter means peple shuld slw dwn, accrding t TCM. Fr her, learning these skills and theries was nt abut becming a TCM dctr but rather abut hlding a new lifestyle.
She is nt an unusual example f yung peple becming interested in TCM. A survey by China Yuth Daily shwed that 93.3 percent f the 1,000 yung peple wh tk part had tried different TCM treatments.
“I have seen a rising number f yung peple cme t me fr neck and back pains, which are usually related t the elderly,” said Ma Huifang, a TCM dctr at Guyitang, a TCM hspital.
Between Western medicine and TCM, yung peple ften chse TCM “because f its efficacy,” accrding t Ma. Sme peple questin why TCM treats the same illnesses with different prescriptins (处方). “This is actually an advantage f TCM, rather than a shrtcming, as it can be a mre accurate treatment (精准的治疗) fr different patients,” Ma explained.
Yunger age grups are accepting TCM, and, at the same time, TCM is als benefiting yung peple. As Jin nted, “It helps yung peple understand Chinese medicine well.”
1．What did Jin Ying learn TCM mainly fr?
A．T be a lver f TCM.B．T avid sweating t much.C．T hld a new lifestyle.
2．Why d mre yung peple cme t Ma Huifang wh wrks in Guyitang?
A．They are becming mre interested in TCM.
B．They’re suffering frm neck and back pains.
C．They take part in a survey by China Daily.
3．The underlined wrd “efficacy” pssibly means _________.
A．valueB．careC．result
4．What might yung peple think f TCM after accepting and understanding it?
A．Acupuncture and tuina are in training curse.
B．Different patients need accurate treatments.
C．It is such a treasure f ur Chinese culture.
7
There are lts f things that are gd fr yur brain. Reading, fr example, helps yur brain t grw and wrk better. Slving puzzles (拼图) can help, t. Scientists nw find ut anther way f bringing health t brains: exercising.
Babies need exercise fr their brains t fully grw. Meanwhile, exercise imprves children’s attentin and helps them d better at schl. In the elderly, exercise can help t keep their minds sharp. They can ntice r understand things quickly. Exercise als helps bld flw t the brain. The brain needs xygen (氧气) frm bld. Withut xygen, the brain wuld stp wrking.
Babies d nt have t try t exercise. They are almst always mving. Develping new skills like sitting, standing, walking, running and jumping frces their brains t grw.
As children get lder, exercise is still imprtant fr the brains. Scientists did an experiment. They fund tw grups f children between 7 and 9 years ld. One grup exercised fr an hur after schl. The ther grup did nt. Scientists then gave bth grups a number f brain tests. The kids wh had exercised were quicker t learn than thse wh had nt exercised.
Finally, exercise helps adults think quickly. The lder peple becme, the smaller parts f the brain they will get. This can make it harder fr ld peple t remember things. Fr example, grwn-ups wh exercised fr 30 minutes, five times a week did better n brain tests than grwn-ups wh did nt exercise as much.
Exercise is als gd fr the patients suffering frm Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病), which harms the brain and causes peple t lse their memries.
1．What can yu d if yu want t d smething gd fr yur brain?
A．Read bks.B．Exercise.C．Slve puzzles.D．All f the abve.
2．What des the underlined wrd “sharp” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Serius.B．Quick.C．Slw.D．Sudden.
3．Why dn’t babies have t try t exercise?
A．Because their brains have fully grwn.
B．Because they need t keep their minds clear.
C．Because their brains dn’t need xygen frm bld.
D．Because they mve a lt when learning new skills.
4．What can we learn frm the text?
A．Exercise helps children learn quicker.
B．The lder peple becme easier t remember things.
C．Adults wh exercise d wrse n brain tests.
D．Exercise can’t help patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
5．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Exercise is gd fr health
B．Exercise helps bring health t the brains
C．The imprtance f a healthy brain
D．Different ways f keeping the brains healthy
8
We usually have a runny nse when catching a cld. Yet ur parents tell us nt t blw ur nse s hard. Why is that?
When yu blw yur nse very hard, the air can mve frm yur nse t yur ears and cause prblems. When yu have a cld, the tube (管子) that cnnects yur nse t yur cars gets smaller. S the air can’t g back t the nse and stays in the ear. This can hurt the eardrum (鼓膜) and may make yur ears ring r even cause hearing lss. If the things frm yur nse g int yur ears with viruses (病毒) and bacteria (细菌), it can cause ear infectins (感染).
If the air frm the nse ges int the eyes, it can make the pressure in the eyes g up. This might cause different eye prblems and even affect hw well yu can see in the lng run (从长远来看). This is why, smetimes, when yu blw yur nse t hard, bth yur eyes and ears may feel uncmfrtable.
T clear yur nse, just clse ne nstril (鼻孔) at a time and sftly blw. If yur nse is blcked up, putting a warm twel (毛巾) n yur nse and frehead (前额) can als help yu feel better.
Since yur nse and thrat (咽喉) are cnnected, yu can als try t get the mucus (粘液) ut frm yur muth. It’s a gd idea t take a deep breath with the nse, then cugh quickly t get ut the mucus in yur muth.
1．What may happen if yu blw yur nse s hard?
a. hurt eardrum b. make ears ring c. cause hearing lss d. cause ear infectins
e. make eyes uncmfrtable f. have a headache
A．abccfB．abcdfC．abcdeD．acdef
2．Which ne can make yu feel better when yur nse is blcked up?
A．B．C．D．
3．Linda wants t make the mucus get ut f her muth. Hw can she d?
A．She can breathe deeply with her nse and cughs quickly.
B．She can have a big drink f water and cughs.
C．She can blw her nse and then pens her muse.
D．She can use her muth t breathe and blws her nse.
4．What’s the structure f the passage?
A．B．
C． D．
5．Where can we find the passage?
A．In a sprts newspaper.B．In a weather reprt.
C．In a bk review.D．In a health magazine.
9
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The ear is an imprtant rgan (器官). T make peple knw the imprtance f ur ears, the gvernment set up Natinal Ear Care Day. 1 Hw much d yu knw abut the ear?
There are three parts in ur ears. They are the uter ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. We can see the uter ear clearly. 2 Then the sund ges thrugh the middle ear t the inner ear and finally t ur brain.
Our ears keep wrking all the time even when we are sleeping, but ur brain just pays n attentin t it. 3 That’s because ur brain hears smething, althugh we dn’t knw what it is.
Our ears als help us keep a balance. There are sme rgans that are full f liquid (液体) with small hairs arund them in the inner ear. 4
5 We may have prblems telling tastes if there is smething wrng with ur ears.
Yu see ears can d mre than we think, s take gd care f ur ears frm nw n.
A．It can cllect sund arund us.
B．It falls n March 3rd every year.
C．Ears are nt as imprtant as eyes.
D．Please g t the hspital t check yur ears tday.
E．Smetimes we may wake up suddenly at midnight.
F．Our ears even have smething t d with tasting fd.
G．The liquid and hairs send messages t ur brain t make us keep a balance.
10
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As a student, yu are ften under a lt f stress. Yu may find it difficult t avid bad habits. 1 . It really isn’t that hard t start eating healthily.
Eat a gd breakfast.
Studies shw that skipping breakfast (不吃早餐) is bad fr students’ study. When there isn’t time fr yu t sit dwn and enjy yur mrning meal, 2 .
Keep healthy snacks n hand.
This way, if yu are hungry during a late night r the break between classes, yu can enjy them at any time.
Eat plenty f fds rich in calcium (钙).
3 . If yu dn’t like milk, try t prepare sme lw-fat ygurt, cheese and green leafy vegetables in yur diet.
4 .
Yur bdy needs at least eight glasses f water a day. And if yu ften exercise, yu may need mre. T remind yurself, carry a water bttle alng t the classrm and keep it cnvenient during a late study night.
Cntrl yur sugar intake.
Sugar prvides calries fr yur bdy. 5 . S put a little sugar in yur cffee, tea, r milk every day.
When yu have fd, please keep happy. Every time, please enjy it!
A．Drink lts f water
B．Take a water bttle
C．But t much sugar is bad fr yur teeth
D．it is a gd chice t eat a big lunch
E．But having a healthy diet can help yu feel better
F．yu can have sme eggs, fruit and sme juice n yur way
G．Students in their yung age need t build up their bdies with much calcium