专题22 主题阅读-自然地理-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版)

这是一份专题22 主题阅读-自然地理-2025年中考英语一轮复习阅读理解精讲精练(通用版)，文件包含22主题阅读-自然地理原卷版docx、22主题阅读-自然地理解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共33页， 欢迎下载使用。

在有关自然地理阅读材料中，我们通常会遇到描述地球各个自然景观、气候特点、地理现象以及它们对人类生活影响的文章。这类阅读不仅要求我们掌握一定的词汇和语法，还需要我们具备理解和分析地理信息的能力。文章往往会通过生动的描述和具体的例子，让我们感受到大自然的奇妙和地理知识的实用性。在阅读过程中，我们需要注意文章中的细节描述，如地理位置、气候特征、地形地貌等，同时也要理解文章所传达的深层含义，比如人类与自然的关系、环境保护的重要性等。
主题相关核心词汇‌
‌gegraphy‌地理学‌
‌cntinent‌大陆‌
‌cean‌海洋‌
‌muntain‌山‌
‌river‌河流‌
‌lake‌湖泊‌
‌desert‌沙漠‌
‌frest‌森林‌
‌valley‌山谷‌
‌glacier‌冰川‌
‌plateau‌高原‌
‌island‌岛屿‌
‌peninsula‌半岛‌
‌vlcan‌火山‌
‌earth‌地球‌
‌sky‌天空‌
‌star‌星，恒星‌
‌sun‌太阳‌
‌mn‌月球，月亮‌
‌cave‌洞穴‌
‌cliff‌悬崖‌
‌swamp‌沼泽‌
‌waterfall‌瀑布‌
‌tundra‌苔原‌
‌archipelag‌群岛‌
‌equatr‌赤道‌
‌lngitude‌经度‌
‌latitude‌纬度‌
‌ersin‌侵蚀‌
‌delta‌三角洲‌
‌canyn‌峡谷‌
‌tsunami‌海啸‌
‌drught‌干旱‌
‌rainfrest‌雨林‌
‌savanna‌热带草原‌
‌cral reef‌珊瑚礁‌
‌estuary‌河口‌
相关形容词‌
‌自然的‌natural‌
‌晴朗的‌clear/sunny‌
‌多云的‌cludy‌
‌有风的‌windy‌
‌多雨的‌rainy‌
‌下雪的‌snwy‌
‌暴风雨的‌strmy‌
‌有雾的‌fggy‌
‌温暖的‌warm‌
‌热的‌ht‌
‌凉爽的‌cl‌
‌冷的‌cld‌
‌干燥的‌dry‌
‌湿的‌wet‌
突破练习
1
Many Canadian kids wke up t the smell f wildfire smke last summer. Sme are wndering: Is it dangerus? Hw can I prtect myself? CBC Kids News talked t tw children’s lung (肺) experts, Tm Kvesi and Dan Hughes, t find ut hw kids can stay safe.
Is wildfire smke dangerus?
Fr mst peple, the effect f wildfire smke is nly shrt-term. Effects (影响) can include irritatin (刺激) f the eyes, nse and thrat; cughing and shrtness f breath. They will get wrse the mre time yu spend utdrs, especially if yu’re active utside—ding sprts and ther exercise.
I spend my summers arund a campfire. ▲
The difference between campfire smke and wildfire smke is that wildfire smke is harder t avid, Hughes said. “When yu’re camping, yu typically dn’t stay in frnt f a fire fr t lng,” he said. “And if it’s really smky, yu’d prbably sit upwind frm the smke r take a break.” Wildfire smke, n the ther hand, is everywhere. Therefre, the effects can be mre lng-term and dangerus.
The key t staying safe? Stay inside.
Bth Kvesi and Hughes agree that the best thing fr kids t d is stay inside when wildfire smke is in the air.
“It’s especially imprtant fr kids wh are super active t stp thse activities. This is nt the time t g jgging, play sccer and ther sprts,” Hughes said. “Thse activities require yu t breathe harder and deeper, which gives yu a greater expsure (暴露) t the smke and the particles (微粒) the smke carries.”
Other steps yu can take.
It’s best t clse yur windws and drs when inside. Yu can als use an air cnditiner (空调), if yu have ne, t filter (过滤) the air mre. Kvesi said that masks can als help lwer the risk a little, particularly N95 masks. But they need t be wrn crrectly.
1．What’s the purpse f Paragraph 1?
A．T give an example.B．T lead int the tpic.
C．T describe a stry.D．T ask a questin.
2．Wildfire smke can make peple ________.
A．die yungB．be super activeC．stp cughingD．feel breathless
3．Which sentence shuld be put int the ________?
A．Where is campfire smke frm?B．Hw is it different frm wildfire smke?
C．What causes wildfire smke?D．Hw can we stp them?
4．Which f the fllwing can we d t stay safe frm wildfire smke?
A．acB．adC．bcD．cd
5．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw can kids stay safe when there is wildfire smke?
B．What are the differences between campfire smke and wildfire smke?
C．What effects may the wildfire smke cause?
D．What sprts can we d when wildfire happens?
2
We shuld all have at least ne fire extinguisher (灭火器) smewhere in ur huse r ffice building. Hwever, it's nt enugh t simply keep an extinguisher smewhere. The best way t be ready fr a sudden fire is t study this guide carefully and review it frm time t time.
{1}Have a clear exit rute (疏散路线)
Befre using the fire extinguisher, make sure yu have a clear exit rute. If yu cannt put ut the fire, yu will need t make a safe exit. Als, make sure everyne else is ut.
{2} Reprt the fire
Even if the fire appears manageable, yu shuld always have the firemen n the way. Once they arrive, they can duble-check t see if the fire has been cmpletely put ut.
{3} Stand back
Face the fire and keep yur back t the clear exit. Yu shuld stay between 1.8 and 2.5. meters away frm the flames (火焰) as yu prepare t use the fire extinguisher.
{4} Use the extinguisher
It can be difficult t think clearly during a fire. One methd t help yu remember hw t use an extinguisher is t remember “PASS”:
▶P-Pull: Pull the pin n the fire extinguisher.
▶A-Aim (瞄准): Aim lw. Pint the nzzle at the bttm f the fire.
▶S-Squeeze: Squeeze (挤压) the handle t let ut the extinguishing chemicals.
▶S-Sweep: Sweep the nzzle frm side t side until the fire is put ut.
{5} _________
After the fire appears t be ut, cntinue t watch the fire area t make sure it desn’t start burning again. If the fire des start up again, repeat the “PASS”.
{6} Gt t a safe place
Once the fire is ut, r if yu are unable t put it ut, find a place ut f reach f the fire.
1．What is the text abut?
A．Hw t prevent a big fire.B．Hw t use an extinguisher.
C．Hw t keep an extinguisher.D．Hw t deal with a sudden fire.
2．Why is a fireman needed even if the fire is under cntrl?
A．T teach useful methds.B．T make sure the fire is ut.
C．T find the missing peple.D．T help leave the dangerus place.
3．Which rder f the pictures describes “PASS”?
A．②①④③B．⑧②④①C．②④③①D．③①④②
4．Which is the mst prper fr _________?
A．Keep an eye n thingsB．Lk fr a safe place t g
C．Check the lss in the fireD．Imprve the “PASS” prcess
5．In which theme (主题) activity f a schl can the text be used?
A．A better self.B．Safety with me.C．Yung scientists.D．Hme, sweet hme
3
Frm red apples and yellw lemns t blueberries and green melns, fruit cmes in many different clrs. Why d different kinds f fruit have s many clrs? Fruit clrs actually cme frm their different pigments (色素), such as red r yellw cartenid (类胡萝卜素) and blue r purple anthcyanin (花青素). These pigments appear in different numbers, depending n the fruit’s envirnment. This causes the fruit t turn a certain clr.
T find ut hw envirnment affects fruit clrs, Chinese scientists studied mre than 280 different fruit clrs, including white, red, blue, purple and black. They fund that red fruit tends (倾向) t grw in cler places. And instead f just grwing in ne place, yu can find them grwing in many places arund the wrld. Blue and purple fruit mstly grws in warmer places. These fruits tend t grw a lt in just ne special area. The scientists als fund that the clser the fruit is t the equatr (赤道), the darker its clr will be.
Animals have als had an influence n the evlutin f fruit clrs. Animals eat fruit and drp the seeds (种子) in ther places later. This helps the fruit spread and grw in different places. Therefre, in rder t attract animals, sme fruit develp clrs that are easy fr animals t see.
Hwever, animals see clrs in a different way. Fruit needs t develp clrs that are suited t animals’ seeing abilities. Fr example, birds can see red mre easily than humans can. Therefre, there tends t be mre red fruit in areas where birds live. The lemurs (狐猴) f Madagascar are red-green clr-blind. Many yellw fruit can be fund in their living areas, as they can easily see this clr.
1．Accrding t paragraph 1, fruit clrs depend n ________.
A．red cartenidB．blue anthcyanin
C．their numbersD．their envirnment
2．Yu are mre likely t find blue and purple fruit in ________ places.
A．clerB．warmerC．higherD．lwer
3．What des the underlined wrd “evlutin” in paragraph 3 prbably mean in Chinese?
A．特性B．辨识C．演变D．参数
4．Sme fruit develp certain clrs t ________.
A．frighten animals awayB．get mre sunlight
C．attract animals t eat themD．prtect themselves
5．What d we knw frm the text?
A．Dark fruit enjys grwing clse t the equatr.
B．Green fruit is fnd f grwing in cl places.
C．Humans can see red mre easily than birds.
D．Lemurs are clr-blind and can’t see any clrs.
4
Tmates are red, the sky is blue, and bananas are yellw, right? Well, nt exactly — clr des nt really exist (存在). What exists is light. Light is real, but clr is nt. It is ur brain that creates clr.
We’re tld t trust ur eyes, but ur eyes have little t d with visin (视觉). We see much mre with ur brains. Yu smetimes see different clrs because yur brain thinks they have a different meaning. The brain des this by lking at what’s arund the bject. Here is an example. If yu see a persn wearing a white shirt against different backgrunds, yur brain might express the same white clr differently. Suppse this persn stands in frnt f a bright yellw backgrund, yur brain might think the white shirt is mre like gray. If the persn mves t a dark blue backgrund, the same white shirt might appear clser t a brighter clr.
Clr is created accrding t ur past experiences, and smetimes there are ptical illusins (视错觉). That is because yur brain includes the recent histry f what yu saw, at least fr a brief time. But if yu watch the thing fr a lnger time, yur brain may frget the recent histry and see the real clr.
This raises the questin: D yu see what I see? The answer, in shrt, is n. Our past and present experiences are different. Nne f us even sees the wrld as it really is, but as a meaning that cmes frm ur wn experiences. It’s clear that seeing is nt always believing.
1．What is real accrding t the writer?
A．Light.B．Mind.C．Meaning.D．Clr.
2．Why des the writer give an example in Paragraph 2?
A．T make the text lnger.B．T make a cmparisn.
C．T supprt the idea.D．T shw a prblem.
3．What des Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Clr is influenced by the backgrund f an bject.
B．Clr cmes frm ur past experiences.
C．Clr is changing all the time.
D．White is the lightest clr.
4．Which wrd is clse t the underlined wrd “brief”?
A．Hard.B．Simple.C．Quick.D．Shrt.
5．Which can be a prper title fr the text?
A．Des Clr Stay the Same?B．Is Seeing Really Believing?
C．D Yu See What I See?D．Is Clr a Recent Histry?
5
The natural wrld is full f clrs, seen in humans, plants, and animals. Human skin cmes in different shades (色块), which is influenced by sunlight, emtins, and health. When we feel strng emtins like anger r excitement, ur skin can turn red as a result f increased bld flw t the face. Therefre, peple ften say “seeing red” when smene is angry.
Plants als use clrs t survive. Flwers have bright clrs t attract insects like bees, which help with pllinatin (授粉) by mving pllen frm ne flwer t anther. Bees can see clrs we can’t, s they’re attracted t these bright flwers, which is imprtant fr the plants’ reprductin. Withut bees, many plants wuld struggle t survive.
Animals als use clrs fr survival. Sme change their fur r skin clrs t blend in with their surrundings and avid being seen by predatrs (捕食者). Fr example, the snwshe hare changes its fur frm brwn in the summer t white in the winter t match the snw. Others use bright clrs t warn predatrs t stay away.
In summary, clrs play many rles in the natural wrld. They cntribute t the beauty f ur planet and are helpful fr life t thrive. Frm the different tnes f human skin t the bright clrs f flwers and the pretending strategy f animals, the rle f clr in nature is fascinating and imprtant.
1．Which is NOT the cause t change human skin clr accrding t the passage?
A．Sunlight expsure.B．Emtinal intensity.
C．Health cnditins.D．Facial expressins.
2．Why d flwers have bright clrs as mentined in the passage?
A．T make them easier t mve.B．T attract insects fr pllinatin.
C．T prtect them frm predatrs.D．T keep them warm in cld days.
3．Hw d sme animals use clrs as a survival strategy accrding t the passage?
A．By changing clrs t match with predatrs.
B．By using bright clrs t attract sme mates.
C．By using clrs t keep away frm predatrs.
D．By changing clrs t shw different feelings.
4．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Nature is beautiful because f its clrs.
B．Flwers need insects t survive well.
C．Animals change clrs t avid predatrs.
D．Clrs serve imprtant functins in nature.
5．Hw is the infrmatin rganized in this passage?
A．By listing examples f clrs in sme dangerus situatins.
B．By discussing the histry f clrs develpment in humans.
C．By cmparing the clrs f plants, animals, and humans.
D．By shwing different rles f clrs in the natural wrld.
6
Different cuntries have different languages and cultures. In this article, I’ll simply intrduce the meaning f tw clrs between China and Western cuntries.
In Chinese culture, red usually represents (代表) smething gd. The bride and grm (新娘和新郎) usually wear red clthes at their wedding, because they believe it will bring happiness t them. But in Western cuntries, red is the clr f frce and it usually represents a strng feeling. Wearing red can make it easier t take actin. S when yu have difficulty making a decisin, just wear red.
Anther clr is green. In China, green usually represents a new life, which has the same culture with Western cuntries. Hwever, green is als the clr f envy (嫉妒) in Western cuntries. S peple may describe smene is “green with envy”.
In a wrd, it can be said that clr wrds carry different cultures. Learning the difference f clr meanings between China and Western cuntries can nt nly help us t knw abut ur cultures better, but als pen ur eyes. And it’s als interesting t knw abut the cultural differences between cuntries.
1．Which tw clrs are mentined in the passage?
A．Red and black.B．Green and red.C．Green and pink.D．Red and pink.
2．Why d the bride and grm usually wear red clthes in China?
A．T make a decisin.B．T take actin easily.
C．T get happiness.D．T shw a strng feeling.
3．What des green represent bth in Chinese and Western culture?
A．Strng envy.B．An actin.C．A new life.D．Special feeling.
4．What des the underlined phrase “green with envy” mst prbably mean?
A．眼红的B．后悔的C．开心的D．自豪的
5．What’s the writer’s purpse accrding t the text?
A．T intrduce different peple.B．T intrduce mdern languages.
C．T intrduce cultural differences.D．T intrduce meaningless clrs.
7
Yu have just finished eating an apple while n a camp. There aren’t any rubbish bins arund; what d yu d with the apple cre (核)? If yu answered “thrw it in the grass” because yu thught fruit wuld nt have a bad influence n nature, yu are wrng.
Accrding t the scientists, decmpsitin (分解) f fruit litter takes much lnger time than yu imagine. Sme f these “natural” fd can take years t decmpse depending n the envirnment they are in!
When animals start t get their fd frm peple, they may stp lking fr their wn fd in nature. This is very dangerus because animals need different fds t stay healthy. Fd waste als draws animals t g t areas where there are a lt f peple. And when fd is thrwn ut f a car windw, animals may develp the habit f searching radsides fr fd, which increases the chances f their being hit by a car.
In fact, apples, bananas and ranges are nt frm wild frests. If they are eaten by wild animals, they will prbably cause the animals t get sick. Seeds (种子) f these fruit r vegetables that end up n the grund culd grw int an extic plant there. It’s nt gd t the lcal envirnment. And then, f curse, nbdy wants t see smebdy else’s fruit litter, which has already gne bad, while enjying the beautiful utdrs. S, n litter is safe litter, nt even an apple cre.
1．Hw des the writer start the text?
A．By cllecting readers’ answers.B．By describing a situatin in life.
C．By encuraging peple t prtect nature.D．By explaining hw t deal with fruit litter.
2．What influence wuld thrwing fd waste have n animals?
A．It prvides different fds fr them.
B．It prevents them frm dying f hunger.
C．It makes them depend n humans t much.
D．It makes them develp the ability t live in nature.
3．The underlined wrd “extic” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.
A．freignB．beautifulC．badD．strng
4．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T advise us nt t eat while camping.
B．T ask us t prtect the wild animals.
C．T explain hw fd waste is decmpsed.
D．T call n peple nt t litter fd waste.
5．This passage is mainly abut ________.
A．HEALTHB．ENVIRONMENTC．SPORTSD．PEOPLE
8
When a new cell phne starts t be sld in stres, many peple rush ut t buy ne. We all want the newest, latest thing. But what shuld we d with ur ld cell phnes?
Mike Twnsend wrks at Ttal Recall, a cell phne recycling cmpany. “Dn’t thrw yur ld phne away. Send it t us and we’ll recycle it,” he says. “If yu thrw it away, it ges with ther rubbish t becme landfill. In ther wrds, it is put in a big hle in the grund—and it becmes a big prblem.”
Cell phnes cntain sme txic materials (有毒物质), like lead, mercury and cadmium. If yur phne ges t a landfill, these txic materials can get ut and get int the water under the grund. That’s the water we want t think r the water that ges int rivers r the cean. Millins f cell phnes are thrwn away every year.
“At Ttal Recall, we take the ld phnes apart. Mst f the materials in a cell phne can be recycled and used again,” explains Mike. “We sell the parts and they are used t make new prducts. Fr example, phne batteries cntain nickel and cadmium (镍币和镉). The nickel is used t make steel, and the cadmium can be used t make new batteries. The plastic cases f the phnes are made int plastic fence psts (围栏柱子).”
Mike says recycling yur ld phne is easy. “Yu can usually take it int a cell phne shp and they’ll send it t us.” S, befre yu thrw yur ld cell phne away, use it ne last time: search fr a cell phne recycling cmpany near yu and give them a call.
1．What kind f cmpany is Ttal Recall?
A．sells new cell phnesB．recycles ld cell phnes
C．repairs ld cell phnesD．prduces new cell phnes
2．What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “landfill”?
A．an area f land where a large amunt f rubbish are buried
B．an area f land that is higher than the land arund it
C．smething used fr filling hles and seems as a land
D．smething added t sil t make plants grw fast and tall
3．What will happen if the ld cell phnes g t a landfill?
A．They will make a big hle in the grund and cause a big prblem.
B．A cell phne cmpany will reuse and sell them again.
C．They will be used t make new prducts in a shrt time.
D．Txic materials will cme ut and get int the water under the grund.
4．Which kind f the materials can nt be recycled in phne batteries?
A．Cadmium.B．Mercury.C．Plastic cases.D．Nickel.
5．Tny has an ld phne, which f the fllwing is the right way t deal with the ld cell phne?
①break the ld phne int pieces ②take it int a cell phne shp
③thrw it with ther rubbish ④call fr a cell phne recycling cmpany
A．①②B．②③C．①④D．②④
9
AI is like giving superpwer t cmputers. It helps them t learn things and d tasks that peple usually d. Accrding t scientists, AI culd be used t tell the weather mre quickly and crrectly than traditinal methds.
The traditinal way t tell the weather is by cllecting data n what is happening in the air. The data may cme frm places like weather satellites, planes and s n. Then the data is sent t supercmputers fr weather reprts. Althugh supercmputers are pwerful, it can take many hurs t prduce results.
AI mdels have been develped t quickly tell future weather. They can tell the weather by using tw sets f data: the weather at present and the weather frm six hurs ag. AI mdels are very helpful. They can be used n standard cmputers like ffice cmputers, and it nly takes a few minutes t get the results. Hwever, the results may nt include as much infrmatin as thse prduced by traditinal mdels.
Will AI take the place f traditinal mdels? Scientists say it prbably wn’t, but it will be used tgether with them. That’s because AI still needs t learn frm the data cllected by traditinal methds. But hpefully, AI will be able t deal with tasks that lder methds find difficult, such as telling when and hw much it will rain in the near future. This culd give peple enugh time t slve the prblems caused by bad weather.
1．The data in traditinal weather reprts may cme frm ________.
A．cludsB．twersC．treesD．planes
2．Hw des AI knw abut future weather?
A．By learning experience frm satellites.
B．By cmparing past and present weather.
C．By cllecting data frm different places.
D．By watching what is happening in the sky.
3．What des the underlined wrd “standard” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Huge.B．Slw.C．Ordinary.D．Expensive.
4．Which task will AI prbably d accrding t the last paragraph?
A．Offering peple weather maps.
B．Reprting hw much it will rain.
C．Reprting when a snw will end.
D．Offering full weather infrmatin.
5．Which can be the best title fr the passage?
A．AI Will Cause Bad Weather.
B．AI Culd Stp Bad Weather.
C．AI Culd Tell Future Weather.
D．AI Will Change Future Weather.
10
The sun shines again after rain, and yu see red, range, yellw, green, blue, indig,and purple light in the sky—a rainbw.
Refractin in Actin
Sunlight has all the clrs f the rainbw, but sme g faster when sunlight passes thrugh water. Frm tp t bttm are the faster nes t the slwer. Red is the fastest and purple is the slwest.
As light enters water, it refracts. Red, traveling fastest, is refracted (使折射) least. Orange is refracted a little mre, and s n. Different clrs are separated in this way and that’s what yu need t get a rainbw.
Hw t See a Rainbw
Stand with yur back t the sun and search the sky, because a rainbw appears ppsite the sun. If the sun is t high, n rainbw can appear. Lk at yur shadw, the dark shape yur bdy makes n the grund. If it’s taller than yu, yu have a gd chance f seeing a rainbw. The lnger yur shadw is, the bigger the rainbw.
Guess the Weather
If a rainbw appears in the mrning, that means the rainbw is in the west, which is where the rain is. Weather usually mves frm west t east, s the rain is cming yur way. If it’s in the afternn, things will be different. Here’s a saying:
Rainbw in the mrning, shepherd (牧羊人)’s warning.
Rainbw at night, shepherd’s delight.
See Tw at Once
Lk fr a secnd rainbw after yu see ne, but it’s hard t see. The main rainbw has red n tp and purple n bttm, but the secndary has red n bttm and purple n tp.
Unseen Rainbw Parts
Sunlight has infrared radiatin (红外线), which we can’t see. Still, infrared radiatin gets refracted by raindrps, and lies abve the main rainbw’s red light. Ultravilet radiatin (紫外线) is als part f a rainbw. It’s just belw purple.
1．Which light is refracted mst when ging thrugh the rain?
A．Red. B．Yellw. C．Blue. D．Purple.
2．When can we prbably see the biggest rainbw?
A．When the sun shines.
B．When the sun is lw.
C．When ur shadw is the shrtest.
D．When we stand with ur back t the sun.
3．What is prbably “shepherd’s delight” accrding t the text?
A．Fine weather. B．Free time at night.
C．Seeing tw rainbws. D．Beautiful rainbw clrs.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Rainbws are hard t see.
B．Parts f the rainbw are unseen t the eyes.
C．Rainbws can be divided int different parts.
D．Rainbws have all the clrs f the sunshine.
5．Hw des the writer develp the whle text?
A．By giving advice. B．By telling stries.
C．By describing facts. D．By listing numbers.