【寒假巩固提升】人教版（选修2） 高中英语 高二寒假 专题讲义第06讲 Unit1 Science and Scientists（教师版+学生版）.zip

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复习Unit1重点单词、短语、句型
二．复习Unit1语法（表语从句）
写作（重视科技事业的发展）
课内知识回馈
一
Chlera used t be ne fr the mst 1 (fear) diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and 2 death. In the early 19th century, 3 an utbreak fr chlera hit Eurpe, millins fr peple died frm the disease. As a Yurng dctr, Jhn Snw became 4 (frustrate) because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. In time, he 5 (rise) t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria 6 she gave birth. Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
In general, dctrs in thse days had tw 7 (cntradictin) theries t explain hw chlera spread. One thery was that bad air caused the disease. 8 was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. Snw subscribed 9 the secnd thery. It was crrect, but he still needed prfr. 10 (cnsequence), when an utbreak fr chlera hit Lndn in 1845, Snw began t investigate. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe 11 mre than 500 peple died in ten days. He was determined 12 (find) ut why.
Snw began by marking n a map the exact places 13 all thse wh died had lived. There were multiple 14 (dead) near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). 15 , sme husehlds (such as 20 and 21 Brad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had n deaths. These peple 16 (wrk) in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and s had nt drunk the water frm 17 pump. Snw suspected that the water pump was 18 (blame). What is mre, in anther part fr Lndn, a wman and her daughter had died fr chlera after mving away frm Brad Street. It 19 (seem) that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it 20 (deliver) t her huse every day. As a result fr his evidence, Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the pump water 21 (carry) chlera germs. Accrdingly, he had the handle fr the pump 22 (remve) s that it culd nt be used. Thrugh this 23 (intervene), the disease was stpped in its tracks.
The 24 (true) was that the water frm the Brad Street pump 25 (infect) by waste. Mrever, Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases fr chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn. Sme cmpanies 26 (sell)water frm the River Thames that was plluted by raw waste. The peple wh 27 (drink) this water were much mre likely 28 (get) chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.
【答案】1.feared; 2.even; 3.when; 4.frustrated; 5.rse; 6.when; 7.cntradictry; 8.Anther;9. t; 10.Cnsequently; 11.that; 12.t find; 13.where; 14.deaths; 15.Hwever; 16.wrked; 17.the; 18.t blame; 19.seemed; 20.delivered; 21.carried; 22.remved; 23.interventin; 24.truth; 25.had been infected; 26.sld; 27.drank; 28.t get
二
In the early 19th century,1._______a severe chlera hit Eurpe，Jhn Snw became 2._______(frustrate) because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera.3. _____he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.Snw subscribed t the thery that chlera 4._______(cause) by an 5._______(infect) frm germs in fd r water.Snw began by 6._______(mark) n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived.As 7._____ result，Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the pump water 8._______(carry) chlera (accrding)，he had the handle fr the pump 10.______(remve) s that it culd nt be used.Thrugh this interventin，the disease was stpped in its tracks.
【答案】1.when 2 frustrated 3 But 4 was caused 5 infectin6 marking 7 a 8 carried 9 Accrdingly 10 remved

词汇短语过关斩将
1.initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv. 最初地
2．subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscriptin n. 订阅；会员费→subscribe n. 订户；订阅者
3．transfrm vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变→transfrmatin n. (彻底的) 变化，改观，转变
4．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→defence/defense n. 保护；防御→defensive adj. 防御性的
5．assistant n. 助理；助手→assistance n. 帮助→assist v. 帮助
6．gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n. 天赋；礼物
7．astrnmer n. 天文学家→astrnmy n. 天文学→astrnaut n. 宇航员
8．prfr n. 证据；证明；检验→prve v. 证明；证实 link v. 证明是
9.pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv. 仅仅；完全→purify vt. 净化；使纯净→purity n. 纯净；纯洁
10．severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv. 极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地
11．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv. 生动地；鲜明地；丰富地
12．frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate v. 使懊丧； 使懊恼； 使沮丧→frustratin n. 懊丧； 懊恼； 沮丧
13．cntradictry adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→eq \a\vs4\al(cntradictin) n. (事实、看法、行动等的) 不一致，矛盾→cntradict v. 反驳； 驳斥； 批驳
14．thinking n. 思想；思维；见解→think v. 考虑；认为→eq \a\vs4\al(thinker) n. 思想家
15．finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→find v. 找到；发现
拓展单词精准变形
16.infectin n. 感染；传染→infect vt. 使感染；传染→eq \a\vs4\al(infectius) adj. 传染性的→infected adj. 受感染的
17．interventin n. 介入；出面；干涉→intervene v. 出面； 介入； 插嘴
18．mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→machine n. 机器；设备
19.steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv. 稳定地；平稳地；稳步地→(反) unsteady adj. 不稳定的；不平稳的；不稳步的
20．leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能→leader n. 领导→lead v. 引路；引领；领先→leading adj. 领先的；前列的
二．重点短语
1．nce and fr all最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe t同意；赞同
3．thanks t幸亏；由于
4．break ut(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．in charge fr主管；掌管
6．cme dwn患(病)；染上(小病)
7．abve all最重要的是；尤其是

基础句法精益求精
1．Chlera used t be ne fr the mst feared diseases in the wrld，until a British dctr，Jhn Snw，shwed hw it culd be vercme.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2．He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days.
他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
3．Accrdingly，he had the handle fr the pump remved s that it culd nt be used.
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
4．Brn in Hangzhu in 1911，Qian attended schls in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jia Tng University t study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。
5．He was willing t say what thers were afraid t say，and t dream fr what thers were afraid t dream abut.
他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。
基础语法披荆斩棘
表语从句
[观察例句]
1．One thery was that bad air caused the disease.
2．The questin is wh will be the successful applicant fr the summer jb at the law firm.
3．Her cnfusin is whether she shuld stick t her wn way fr life r fllw the American way.
4．What Jhn Snw was determined t find ut was why the 1854 utbreak fr chlera in Lndn culd have caused ver 500 deaths within ten days.
5．Taking a year frf frm schl t travel abrad is what is generally called a gap year.
[归纳用法]
1．所有例句中的黑体部分都位于系动词be后，作表语，故都是表语从句，这些表语从句在词性上相当于一个名词。
2．例1由从属连词that引导；例2由连接代词wh引导；例3由从属连词whether引导；例4由连接副词why引导；例5由连接代词what引导。
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，lk，remain，seem等。
1．从属连词that引导的表语从句
从属连词that的用法：①无意义 ②不充当成分
③不可省略
The reasn fr his absence is that he haven't been infrmed.
他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。
My suggestin is that we shuld tell him.
我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句
The pint is whether we shuld lend him the mney.
关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
[名师点津] if不能引导表语从句。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
The prblem is wh is really fit fr the hard jb.
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
This is what I am interested in.
这就是我所感兴趣的。
That's where I first met her.
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
4．because，as if/thugh等引导的表语从句
It's just because he desn't knw her.
这仅仅是因为他不认识她。
Nw it seems as thugh she had knwn Millie fr years.
现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
It sunds as if smene is kncking at the dr.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
[即学即练1] 用where，when，that填空
①Lk at the high muntain.That is we will get.
②The first time we met each ther was we studied in that schl.
③My advice is we (shuld) wrk tgether.
【答案】1.where 2.when 3.that
5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别
I didn't phne her，and that's why she gt angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)
我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。
I didn't phne her，and that's because I gt angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)
我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。
[名师点津]
reasn作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
6．表语从句中的虚拟语气
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestin，prpsal，request，rder，idea等，从句谓语形式是“shuld＋动词原形”(shuld可以省略)。
My advice is that Yur (shuld) practise speaking English as frten as pssible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
[即学即练2] 用why，that，because填空
①It was raining hard；that was I came late.
②I came late；that was it was raining hard.
③The reasn why I came late was it was raining hard.
【答案】1.why 2.because 3.that
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He gt caught in the heavy traffic.That was he was late.
2．Energy is makes things wrk.
3．We didn't set ut；it was we wanted t wait until ur mther came back.
4．The mst pleasant thing fr the rainy seasn is ne can be entirely free frm dust.
5．A ship in harbr is safe，but that's nt ships are built fr.
6．The truble is I can't find my way.
7．What he wants t knw is we can finish ur wrk by tmrrw mrning.
8．The reasn why I was sad was he didn't understand me.
9．That is we are lking frward t.
10．D nt let any failures discurage Yur，fr Yur can never tell clse Yur may be t victry.
【答案】1.why 2.what 3.because 4.that 5.what 6.that 7.whether 8.that 9.what 10.hw
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．简再也不是十年前的那个样子了。
Jane is n lnger ten years ag.
2．我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表我自己观点的原因。
I read abut Yurr refrm fr the schl English newspaper，and that's ．
3．问题是他们是否能帮我们。
The questin is ．
4．那是因为他没有理解我。
That was ．
5．事实就是我们队已经赢得了比赛。
The fact is ．
【答案】
1.what she was2.why I'm writing t vice my pinin3.whether they will be able t help us4.because he didn't understand me5.that ur team have wn the game
基础写作扬帆起航
每年，国家科学技术奖励大会都会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行，届时党和国家领导人会为获奖的科学家颁奖。请你围绕以下要点谈谈你的个人看法。
1．党和政府为什么如此重视科技事业的发展；
2．作为一名高中生，你应该如何去做。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．短文要求包含所有要点，但不要逐条翻译；
3．可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
4．开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数。
Every year，the Natinal Science ­Technlgy Award Ceremny is held in the Great Hall fr the Peple.



[参考范文]
Every year，the Natinal Science ­Technlgy Award Ceremny is held in the Great Hall fr the Peple.At that time，the tp leaders fr ur cuntry award medals t scientists wh achieve thse gals.
It's clear that the gvernment attaches great imprtance t science and technlgy.There's n dubt that science and technlgy play a vital part in a cuntry's develpment.Thse wh receive the awards deserve them because，thrugh years fr hard wrk，they have made utstanding cntributins t ur cuntry.China needs mre scientists and inventrs like them.
As a senir schl student，I'll try my best t learn all my subjects well s as t serve the sciety as well as ur cuntry.

【过关检测】
单词拼写。
It is assumed that the cuntry will face______________(严重的)ecnmic prblems due t the natural disasters.
His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whse creativity wuld in turn_______________(感染) ther students.
I am firmly cnvinced that these ______________(证据) can prve that this man is clsely cnnected with crime.
In reality, Susan admits that she can’t srt ut all the mess in the ______________(家庭), even thugh she knws it drives her mther crazy.
Exercising is essential t everybdy because it makes Yur mre awake and ready t _____________(处理)whatever is ahead fr Yur fr the day.
Is there prfr that_________________(生的) vegetables and fruit will cntain the mst nutrients because cking can remve sme nutrients?
In much fr the animals wrld, night is the time entirely set aside fr sleep----_____________(纯粹)and simple.
Fr the tw _____________(矛盾的) aspects, ne must be principal and the ther secndary.
It is unexpected that the plice searched the _____________(犯罪嫌疑人) but fund n bmbs n him.
He cnvinced us that he suffered__________________(数量多的)injuries in the accident.
Thanks t Yurr help, it lks like they’re cming arund t ur way fr _____________(思考).
The material, made frm shrimp shells and _____________(蛋白质) prduced frm silk, is in shrtage.
Ignring the essential difference between the tw research_____________(发现) will be ne fr the wrst mistakes Yur make.
After an______________(最初的) struggle, he fund his symptms were strangely decreased by his daily tiring jurney.
Measles(麻疹), which nce was widespread, was nearly wiped ut by the universal use fr the MMR _________________(疫苗).
My first thught was t find a _________________(框架) fr the stry in sme urban scenes.
The ________________(细胞) is the unit fr which all living rganisms are cmprised fr.
Wuld the evidence be ________________(可靠的) enugh t cnvince a jury?
In bth images, white cluds cast their _____________(阴影) nt the land surface belw.
By the time the mechanic gt up t leave, it was ______________(倾泻)utside.
Smetimes it may be helpful t use examples t explain _______________(抽象的) cncepts.
Teamwrk is very essential as trainees can learn the imprtance fr ________________(领导才能)and being part fr a bigger task.
Fr the _______________(杰出的)ladies listed in the statistics, wh d Yur think was the mst imprtant wman fr the past 100 years?
Frm the basic ________________(具体的) ideas t the mre abstract prblems, he is a master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.
Thusands fr patritic Yurng men came frward, willing t ____________(保卫) their cuntry.
It was his_____________(聪颖的，杰出的)perfrmance in My Left Ft that established his reputatin.
Mr Brwn have earned the widespread respect fr farmers,_____________(此外), they knw they can trust him.
It’s my________________(过错)----I frgt t give the mechanic the message.
Mst newspapers have ______________(改变)their grund entirely n this issue.
It is assumed that any true liver wh ______________(投，抛)a pin int the funtain and gazes int it will see his r her future partner.
短语填空。
subscribe t, be (mre/less)likely t, thanks t, decrease by, nce and fr all, be (nt) in charge fr , find fault with, abve all, cme dwn with, break ut, in defence fr
After vercming the difficulty, the team prves____________________that they are the best.
Sme scientists____________________the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is rted in the burning fr fssil fuels.
The finding is that in sme cases, students _____________________be influenced by the friends arund them than their teachers.
The devted man was recmmended as manager fr the big cmpany ___________________the recmmendatin letter fr his prfressr.
Accrding t the statistics, the traffic accidents in this city _________________30% last year.
I think my assistant may be __________________a cld she can’t stp sneezing.
This department ___________________energy and I suggest that Yur refer t relevant authrities.
Thse tw celebrities gt married a mnth a mnth befre the war_____________________.
We cnvince ur custmers that ur gds cmpete in terms fr prduct quality, reliability and _________________________variety.
It’s characteristic fr her t speak ut_________________justice.
If Yur always try t _______________thers, it means that Yur have gained anther shrtcming.
单句语法填空。
Many business started up by cllege students have taken frf thanks _____dmestic cmfrtable climate fr business creatin.
The prgramme which he was devted t failed, which made him very__________(frustrate).
We learn t prtect urselves frm severe diseases, and als we shuld knw what t d t prevent _______________(infectin) and save r prlng lives.
It’s difficult fr peple wh live in pverty t subscribe ___________newspapers t get infrmatin.
T the terrr fr everyne, they blew up a gvernment building, which generated the whle wrld’s blame ___________their act fr terrrism.
There is n dubt that Yurr disease is linked___________Yurr diet which isn’t adequate in nutritin.
The president came under severe criticism fr his _____________(handle) fr the crisis.
The mdern technlgy have transfrmed ur cuntry frm a farm-based pverty sciety _______an industrial pwer.
I was impressed by the way_________which she tackled the prblem.
We hurried t the airprt nly t find that the plane__________(delay) due t the bad weather.
It is cnvinced that playing ping-png can nly build _________Yurr bdy but als shape Yurr character.
The medical expert with his assistant is seeking fr the effective measures t deal ______infectins.
If the structure fr Yurr speech is lse and cnfused, chances are that Yurr __________(think) is als disrdered and cnfused.
Thanks t the mdern technlgy, scientists have made great advances________space explratin.
Research ___________(find) have shwn that abut 20 percent fr peple can be classified as “night wls” and nly 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”.
___________(initial), the prject will mainly fcus n urban areas, where mst fr the human deaths have ccurred.
When the delayed flight will take frf depends much_______the weather, which makes him very frustrated.
Once Yur are determined t devte Yurrself t smething, Yur must get dwn t________(d) it well.
We didn’t figure ut a slutin t the crisis until midnight. Then we awke t bright sunlight___________(pur) in thrugh the windw.
Befre the fight brke ut, tw fr his friends came t his____________(defend).
The musician felt frustrated that his nly sn was nt musically____________(gift).
After he tk the medicine, the pain____________(steady) decreased in intensity.
Jhn Snw’s ways t cntrl chlera wrked______________(brilliant).
A fair number fr peple advcate a large-scale shift _________rganic farming frm cnventinal agriculture.
I can still____________(vivid) remember my grandfather teaching me t handle a hrse.
表语从句专练。
This is _________my father have taught me----t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
The truble is _________I am anxius t find my micrscpe, but it is nwhere t be fund.
Peter shwed me that what matters is_________Yur cnvey Yurr wn passin s that Yur excite ther peple.
What the dctrs really dubt is_________the infectin disease can be brught under cntrl.
The reasn__________he felt frustrated was_______he didn’t attain his gal.
My suggestin is_________we shuld try ur best t make ur dream becme a reality.
The key is__________I can find a vegetable il rich in essential fatty acids.
The dctr’s advice is _________Yur shuld build up Yurr strength.
The questin is ___________will cme t help us vercme the difficulty.
---Are Yur still thinking abut yesterday’s game?----Oh, that’s _____makes me feel frustrated.
See the srghum and wheat in the bags? That was ________we did this mrning.
This is__________we fund psitive prfr.
Chinese New Year is a celebratin marking the end fr the winter seasn and the beginning fr spring. This is _________decrating with plants, fruits and flwers carries special significance.
The raw materials are ___________Yur left them.
What I can’t understand is ________the number fr new students in ur schl have decreased.
The questin discussed at the meeting was_________it was wrth trying.
All this was ver twenty years ag, but it is_______it were nly yesterday.
The truble is__________I lst the key t my rm.
If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s_________I was up all right.
He is n lnger__________he was.
【答案】一．1.severe 2.infect 3.prfrs 4.husehld 5.handle 6.raw 7.pure 8.cntradictry 9.suspect 10.multiple 11.thinking 12.prteins 13.findings 14.initial 15.vaccine 16.framewrk 17.cell 18.slid 19.shadws 20.puring
abstract 22.leadership 23.utstanding 24.cncrete 25.defend 26.brilliant 27.Furthermre 28.fault 29.shifted 30.casts
二．1.nce and fr all 2.subscribe t 3.are mre likely t 4.thanks t 5.decreased by
cming dwn with 7.is nt in charge fr 8.brke ut 9.abve all 10.in defence fr 11.find fault with
三．1.t 2.frustrated 3.infectins 4.t 5.fr 6.t 7.handling 8.int 9.in 10.had been delayed 11.up 12.with 13.thinking 14.in 15.findings 16.Initially 17.n/upn 18.ding 19.puring 20.defence 21.gifted 22.steadily 23.brilliantly 24.t 25.vividly
四．1.what 2.that 3.hw 4.whether 5.why, that 6.that 7.where 8.that 9.wh 10.what 11.what 12.where 13.why 14.where 15.why 16.whether 17.as if 18.that 19.because 20.what
【真题演练】
(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)A
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yurr fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part fr the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth fr which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result fr an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
22. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up fr?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
23. What will happen if Yur submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yur will receive a zer.B. Yur will lse a letter grade.
C. Yur will be given a test.D. Yur will have t rewrite it.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
21C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yurr fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part fr the grade fr fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
22B【解析】细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Grup Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grups Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
23A【解析】推理判断题。根据“Late Wrk”部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think fr a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University fr Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if Yur haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve Yurr aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram fr nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance fr a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts fr thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if Yur haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still have flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups fr peple t determine exactly which aspects fr an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
12. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way fr exercising.B. The causes fr a heart attack.
C. The difficulty fr keeping fit.D. The aging prcess fr the heart.
13. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms fr research design?
A. Diet plan.B. Prfressinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type.D. Previus physical cnditin.
14. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get Yurnger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the Yurng.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
15. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use fr the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpse fr the study.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
12D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段““Think fr a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University fr Texas. That’s what happens t the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
13C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first grup participated in a prgram fr nnaerbic
C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
34. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think fr Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be Yurng and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst fr elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
32C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbr that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C项。
33D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilt Sydney ferrybats fr a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynlds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss these ld bats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynlds喜欢老式渡船。故选D项。
34A【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s frficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much fr its past, including many fr its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A项。
35A【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the ther hand, being Yurng and ld at the same time have its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful Yurng businessman named Anthny. (另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthny时，我考虑到了这一点)”以及最后一段“He is right (他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthny的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。
That's why...
意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That's because...
意为“那是因为……”，强调原因