【寒假巩固提升】人教版（选修3） 高中英语 高二寒假 专题讲义第11讲 Unit1 Art（教师版+学生版）.zip

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预习Unit1重点单词、短语、句型
预习Unit1课文
预习Unit1知识点
课内知识抢先学
一、重点词汇抢先背
1. precise [prɪˈsaɪs] adj.准确的;精确的→ [prɪˈsaɪsli] adv.准确地;精确地;的确如此
2. real [ˈriːəl] adj.实际存在的,非想象的;名副其实的;真正的,真实的;真的→ [riˈæləti] n.现实;实际;真实→realistic [ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk] adj.现实的;逼真的→ [ˈriːəlɪst] n.现实主义画家(或作家等);现实主义者→ [ˈriːəlɪzəm] n.逼真;现实主义;务实作风
3. primitive [ˈprɪmətɪv] adj.发展水平低的;原始的;远古的 n.文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品)
4. dimensin [daɪˈmenʃn] n.维;规模;范围→ [ˌtuː daɪˈmenʃənl] adj.维度的
5. humanity [hjuːˈmænəti] n.人性;人道;(统称)人类→ [ˌhjuːməˈnɪstɪk] adj. 人文主义的
6. breakthrugh [ˈbreɪkθruː] n.重大进展;突破
7. influence [ˈɪnfluəns] n.影响,作用;势力,影响力;有影响的人(或事物)
v. 影响,对起作用→ [ˌɪnfluˈenʃl] adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的
8. repute [rɪˈpjuːt] n.名誉;声望→ [ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn] n.名誉;名声
9. nble [ˈnəʊbl] n.贵族成员;出身高贵的人 adj.崇高的;宏伟的;高贵的
10. rank [ræŋk] n.地位;级别;行列 vt.&vi.把分等级;使排成行
11. purchavee ['pɜːtʃəs] vt.购买;采购 n.购买;购买的东西
12. client [ˈklaɪənt] n.委托人;当事人;客户
13. phtgraphy [fəˈtɒɡrəfi] n.照相术;摄影→ [ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf] n.照片,相片 v. 拍照,照相→ [fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)] n.拍照者,摄影师
14. emerge [ɪˈmɜːdʒ] vi & vt.出现;浮现;暴露
15. sunrise [ˈsʌnraɪz] n.日出→ [ˈsʌnset] n.日落,傍晚;晚霞
16. cnvey [kənˈveɪ] vt.表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送
17. subjective [səbˈdʒektɪv] adj.主观的→ [əbˈdʒektɪv] adj.客观的,不带个人情感的
19. uter [ˈaʊtə(r)] adj.外表的;外边的;外围的→ [ˈɪnə(r)] adj.内部的,靠近中心的;内心的n.内部,内里;靶子内圈
20. subsequent [ˈsʌbsɪkwənt] adj.随后的;后来的;之后的→ [ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli] adv.随后,其后;后来
21. fnd [fɒnd] adj.喜爱→ [ˈfɒndnəs] n.爱好;喜爱
22. sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə(r)] n.雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术→ [ˈskʌlptə(r)] n.雕刻家;雕塑家
23. visual [ˈvɪʒuəl] adj.视觉的;视力的
24. pnd [pɒnd] n.池塘;水池
25. arch [ɑːtʃ] vt.&vi.呈弧形横跨;(使)成弓形 n.拱;拱形结构;拱门→ [ɑːtʃt] adj.拱形的;弓形的
26. invest [ɪnˈvest] v. 投资;投入→ [ɪnˈvestmənt] n.投资额;投资;(时间、精力的)投入
27. permanent [ˈpɜːmənənt] adj.永久的;永恒的;长久的
28. memrial [məˈmɔːriəl] n.纪念碑(或像等);纪念物;纪念品 adj.纪念的;悼念的→ n.记忆,记忆力;内存, [计] 存储器;回忆
29. humble [ˈhʌmbl] adj.谦逊的;虚心的;卑微的
30. criticise [NAmE -ize] [ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz] vi.&vt.批评;指责;评价→ [ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm] n.批评;指责;评论
31. represent [ˌreprɪˈzent] v. 代表;为代言(辩护)→ [ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv] adj.典型的;有代表性的 n.代表
32. ink [ɪŋk] n.墨水;墨汁;油墨
33. symphny [ˈsɪmfəni] n.交响乐;交响曲
34. decline [dɪˈklaɪn] n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少;下降;衰落 vi.&vt.减少;下降;衰落;谢绝
35. exhibit [ɪɡˈzɪbɪt] v. 表现出;卖弄,炫耀;提出(证据等);展览,展出→ [ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn] n.展览;(技能、感情或行为的)表演
36. vase [vɑːz; NAmE veɪs;veɪz] n.花瓶;装饰瓶
37. art [ɑːˈt] n.艺术,美术→artistic [ɑːˈtɪstɪk] adj.艺术的;艺术家的
38. entry [ˈentri] n.加入;进入;参与
39. civil [ˈsɪvl] adj.国民的;民用的;民事的→ / civilse [ˈsɪvəlaɪz] v. 教化,熏陶;改善,改进;使文明,使开化→ [ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n] n.文明;文明社会,文明国家
40. recgnize/ recgnise [ˈrekəɡnaɪz] v.承认;认出;赞誉→ [ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn] n.承认;认出;赞誉
41. expand [ɪkˈspænd] v. 扩大,增加;扩展,发展→ [ɪkˈspænʃn] n.扩张;扩展;扩大
42. guarantee [ˌɡærənˈtiː] vt.保证;确保;肯定必然发生 n.保证;保修单;担保物
43. cntemprary [kənˈtemprəri] adj.当代的;现代的;属同时期的 n.同代人;同辈人
44. wrth [wɜːθ] adj.价值的,值钱的;值得的,具有价值的 n.价格,价值;重要性 [ˈwɜːði] adj.值得的;有价值的
二．课文翻译
Unit 1 ART
Reading and Thinking
课文原文
A SHORT HISTORY FOR WESTERN PAINTNG
What is Western art? It is hard t give a precise definitin. As there have been s many different styles fr Western art, it is impssible t describe them all in a shrt text. Perhaps the best way t understand Western art is t lk at the develpment fr Western painting ver the centuries.
The Middle Ages (frm the 5th t the 15th century) 中世纪(5 世纪到 15 世纪)
During the Middle Ages, the purpse fr Western art was t teach peple abut Christianity. Thus, artists were nt interested in painting realistic scenes. Their wrks were frten primitive and tw-dimensinal, and the main characters were frten made much larger than everyne else t shw their imprtance. This began t change in the 13th century with Gitt di Bndne (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religius themes, they shwed real peple in a real envirnment. In particular, his paintings are set apart frm ther paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emtinal impact.
The Renaissance (frm the 14th t the 17th century)
New ideas and values gradually replaced ld nes frm the Middle Ages. As a result, painters cncentrated less n religius themes. They began t adpt a mre humanistic attitude t life. An imprtant breakthrugh during this perid was the use fr perspective by Masacci (1401-1428). Influential painters such as Lenard da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangel (1475-1564) and Raphael (1483-1520) built upn Gitt and Masacci’s innvatins t prduce sme fr the greatest art that Eurpe had ever seen.
Anther innvatin was the use fr il paints. With their deep clurs and realism, sme fr the best il paintings lk like phtgraphs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used il, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), wh gained a reputatin as a master fr shadw and light.
In subject matter, the emphaveis increasingly shifted frm religius themes t peple and the wrld arund us. Kings, nbles, and peple fr high rank wanted t purchavee accurate pictures fr themselves and the peple they lved. Others wanted paintings shwing imprtant histrical events r stries frm mythlgy. Finally, mst clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting t lk at.
Impressinism( late 19th t early 20th century)
The develpment fr Western art slwed until the inventin fr phtgraphy in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were n lnger needed t preserve what peple and the wrld lked like. Hence, painters had t find a new way fr lking at their art. Frm this, Impressinism emerged in France. The name fr this new mvement came frm the painting by Claude Mnet (1840-1926) called Impressin, Sunrise. In this wrk, Mnet’s aim was t cnvey the light and mvement in the scene---the subjective impressin the scene gave him---but nt a detailed recrd fr the scene itself.
While many Impressinists painted scenes fr nature r daily life, thers, such as Renir (1841-1919), fcused n peple. Unlike the cld, black-and-white phtgraphs fr that time perid, Renir’s paintings are full fr light, shadw, clur, and life. He sught t shw nt just the uter image fr his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
Mdern Art (frm the 20th century t tday)
After Impressinism, subsequent artists began t ask, “What d we d next?” Painters such as Picass (1881-1973) tried t analyse the shapes which existed in the natural wrld but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still thers turned t abstract art. What they attempted t d was n lnger shw reality, but instead t ask the questin, “What is art?”
课文译文
西方绘画简史
什么是西方艺术？很难对此给出一个准确的定义。由于西方艺术的风格迥异，在一篇短文中全部描述出来是不可能的。也许了解西方艺术的最佳方式是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展历程。
中世纪（5至15世纪）
在中世纪，西方艺术旨在向人们宣扬基督教。因此，艺术家们对描绘现实场景不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物通常比其他人（所占版面）大得多，以彰显其重要性。13 世纪，乔托・迪・邦多纳（1267-1337）开始改变这种现象。虽然他的画作中仍然有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。他的绘画作品尤其以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而有别于其他绘画作品。
文艺复兴时期（14至17世纪）
新思相和新价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的旧思想和旧价值观。因此，画家们更少关注宗教主题。他们开始对生命采取更具人文主义的态度。这一时期的一项重要突破就是马萨乔（1401-1428）对于透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多・达・芬奇（1452-1519）、米开朗基罗（1475-1564）和拉斐尔（1483-1520），在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
（该时期的）另一创新是油画颜料的使用。一些最出色的油画作品色彩深邃，栩栩如生，看起来宛如照片。尽管早在达・芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗（16061669）使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。
在（绘画的）主题上，重心越来越多地从宗教主题转移到我们周围的人和世界。国王、贵族和地位很高的人都想买自己和他们所爱之人的精确画像。其他人则想要描绘重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。最后，大多数客户想要买看上去集美丽与趣味于一体的画作。
印象主义（19世纪末至20世纪初）
西方艺术的发展（步伐）开始放缓，直到19世纪中叶照相术的发明。在那之后，不再需要用画作来保存人和世界的面貌因此，画家们必须寻找新的方式来审视他们的艺术。由此，印象主义在法国出现。这一流派得名于克劳德・莫奈（1840-1926）的画作《印象・日出》。在这幅作品里，莫奈试图传达场景中的光线和动态变化——这个场景给他的主观印象——而非对场景本身的详细记录。
许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活场景，其他画家，如雷诺阿（1841-1919）则关注人。与那个时期冷色调的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的画作充满了光影和色彩，极具生命力他试图在展示创作对象的外在形象之余，也呈现他们内心的温暖和人性。
现代艺术（20世纪至今）
继印象主义之后，后来的画家们开始发问：“我们接下来做什么呢？”毕加索（1881-1973）等画家尝试用一种新方式——立体主义——分析自然界中存在的形状。另一些画家给他们的画作赋予了逼真却又梦幻的特质。还有些画家转向了抽象艺术。他们不再试图反映现实，而是发问：“什么是艺术？”
Using Language
课文原文
ANCIENT CHINNESEARTON SHOW
The Richfield Museum fr Fine Art is prud t present ur new exhibitin, “Frm Shang t Qing: Chinese Art Thrugh the Ages.” Jin us as we explre mre than 3,000 years fr wnderful art frm the Middle Kingdm. Frm brnze bwls t ceramic vases, and jade sculptures t ink wash paintings, ur gal is t display the Chinese artistic genius frm ancient times.
The highlight fr this exhibitin is the painting Clearing After Snw n a Muntain Pass, ne fr the great wrks fr Tang Yin (1470-1524). Brn during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sught and failed t gain entry int the civil service, s he turned t painting instead. In time, he gained recgnitin as ne fr the greatest artists China have ever knwn. This painting, shwing high muntains, trees, and huses cvered in snw, was made with extrardinary skill. Thugh it is ver 500 years ld, it lks as fresh and full fr life as the day it was created.
Als fr primary nte is a cllectin fr nearly 100 brnze bjects frm the Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE - 1046 BCE). While the artists wh made these great wrks are nt knwn, they shwed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Sme fr the items n display are thught t have cme frm the cllectin fr Emperr Qianlng (1711-1799), a great admirer fr Shang Dynasty brnze.
Finally, we have many fine examples fr Tang Dynasty (618-907) sculptures. Mst fr these are fr Buddhist rigin. Even thugh Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did nt really begin t shw expansin until the seventh century. During this same perid, trade alng the Silk Rad als bmed. Chinese sculpture thus fund itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brught frm India and Central Asia thrugh the Silk Rad. These wrks were intended t spread Buddhism and they are fr exceptinal beauty and quality. Lking at the faces fr the figures in these sculptures, ne sees the faces fr the past. Histry is brught t life.
This is just a small taste fr what is in stre fr Yur in this exhibitin. We guarantee that “Frm Shang t Qing: Chinese Art Thrugh the Ages” will transprt Yur t anther time with its amazing cllectin fr wrks.
“Frm Shang t Qing: Chinese Art Thrugh the Ages” will run until Nvember 25.
Opening hurs are frm 9: 00 a.m. t 5:00 p.m, frm Tuesday t Sunday ( the museum is clsed n Mndays). N ne will be admitted int the exhibitin after 4:30 p.m.
Admissin: $10 fr adults; $8 fr students; $5 fr children under 12; free fr children under 5.
N phts r fd and drink are allwed in the museum.
课文译文
中国古代艺术展
里奇菲尔德美术博物馆很荣幸地为您呈现我们的新展“从商朝到清朝：中国艺术之旅”。欢迎与我们共同探索中国3,000多年的精妙艺术。从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们旨在展示中国古代的艺术才能。
本次展览的亮点是画作《函关雪霁图》，唐寅（1470-1524）的杰作之一。唐寅生于明朝，曾谋求入仕为官，但未能如愿，因此他转而投身绘画事业。最终，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的画家之一。他运用非凡的技巧，在这幅画中展示了白雪覆盖的高山、树木和房屋。虽然该画有500多年的历史，但看起来清新且充满生机，就像刚被创作出来一样。
同样十分重要的（看点）是一组近百件商代（公元前1600-公元前1046）青铜器藏品。虽然创造这些伟大作品的艺术家不为人知，但他们在创作这些美丽的作品的过程中展现出了高超的技巧。一些展品被认为是钟爱商代青铜器的乾隆皇帝（1711-1799）的藏品。
最后，我们会展出许多鬼斧神工的唐朝（618-907）雕塑。它们大多源于佛教。佛教虽
然很早就传入中国，但直到7世纪才真正开始传播开来。与此同时，丝绸之路沿线贸易也在蓬勃发展。由此，中国雕塑深受经丝绸之路从印度和中亚传入的佛教艺术的影响。这些作品旨在传播佛教，具有非凡的美感和质感。看着这些雕塑人物的脸庞，人们仿佛看到了过去的人。历史被赋予新生。
这只是该展览供您参观的一小部分。我们保证“从商朝到清朝：中国艺术之旅”将通过其令人惊叹的藏品带您穿越时空。
“从商朝到清朝：中国艺术之旅”展览将持续到11 月25 日。
开放时间：周二至周日，上午9：00至下午5：00（博物馆周一不开放）。下午4：30以后禁止入馆。
门票：成人10美元；学生8美元；12岁以下儿童5美元；5岁以下儿童免费。
禁止拍照或携带食物和饮料入馆。

词汇短语过关斩将
1. 尤其;特别
2. 使与众不同;使突出;使优于
3. 喜爱;喜欢
4. 赋予生命;使鲜活起来
5. 值得

重点知识精益求精
知识点01 influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)As a humble persn，my wrds are nt (influence)，s I wuld rather keep silent.
(2)T tell the truth，what the teacher said have a permanent influence me.
再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵
(3)在我物理老师的影响下，我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说，我的物理老师是我的榜样，他对我的影响极大。因此，他是我最尊敬的人。 (2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Under my physics teacher’s influence，I have grwn increasingly interested in physics.In ther wrds，my physics teacher is my rle mdel，wh have a great influence n me.S he is the persn I respect mst.
知识点2 rank n．地位；级别；行列
vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排列成行
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)They rank him a realistic painter，wh have gained a gd reputatin.
(2)The student representative wh is delivering a speech nw (rank) high at schl.
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(3)(普通表达)I learnt that Yur ranked first in the English speech cmpetitin held last week.I am writing t frfer my sincere cngratulatins.(应用文之祝贺信)
(高级表达)Learning that Yur ranked first in the English speech cmpetitin held last week，I am writing t frfer my sincere cngratulatins.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
知识点3 guarantee vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生
n．保证；保修单；担保物
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He guaranteed (cnvey) my aplgies t him，but I was still wrried.
(2)His car is less than a year ld，s it is still guarantee.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)至于准备工作，事先阅读一些中文小说会确保让你融入汉语的环境中。
As fr preparatin，reading sme Chinese nvels in advance will guarantee t make Yur adapt t the Chinese language envirnment.
知识点4 wrthy adj.值得……的；有价值的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)As far as I am cncerned，the exhibitin is wrthy (visit)．
＝The exhibitin is wrthy fr (visit)．
＝The exhibitin is wrthy fr a (visit)．
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(2)由BBC制作的精良电影《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》值得观看。
①A well-made film，Du Fu：China’s Greatest Pet，prduced by BBC，is wrthy fr being seen.(be wrthy fr)
②A well-made film，Du Fu：China’s Greatest Pet，prduced by BBC，is wrthy t be seen.(be wrthy t)
③A well-made film，Du Fu：China’s Greatest Pet，prduced by BBC，is wrth seeing.(wrth)
④It is wrthwhile seeing/t see a well-made film，Du Fu：China’s Greatest Pet，prduced by BBC.(wrthwhile)
知识点5 in particular尤其；特别
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中particular的汉语意思
(1)I have nthing particular t purchavee in the supermarket.尤其的；特别的
(2)The bride is particular abut what t wear at the wedding.挑剔的
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/一句多译·背诵
(3)父母和教练尤其要给孩子们树立更好的榜样。
Parents and caches particularly/in particular shuld act as better examples fr children.
(4)只有讲究饮食，我们才能预防自己生病。
①We can prevent urselves frm falling ill nly when we are particular abut/ver fd.
②Only when we are particular abut/ver fd can we prevent urselves frm falling ill.(运用倒装句)
知识点6 life赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来
根据句意用life短语的正确形式填空
(1)When the girl finally ，we sighed in relief.
(2)The match in the final minutes fr the secnd half.
(3)It was that teacher’s humr that the class .
(4)Althugh he is very wealthy，he still simple .
知识点7 while引导的从句
While his paintings still had religius themes，they shwed real peple in a real envirnment.
虽然他的绘画作品仍有宗教主题，但是它们展示了真实环境中真实的人。
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中while的汉语意思
(1)My deskmate likes English while I am fnd fr Chinese.然而；而
(2)Yur must keep these pints in mind while setting Yurr gals.当……时候
(3)While the sun’s rays can age and harm ur skin，they als give beneficial Vitamin D．虽然
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/一句多译·背诵
(4)正如古老谚语所说：“趁热打铁。”
As the ld saying ges：“Strike while the irn is ht.”
(5)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。(读后续写之升华句)
While we can’t predict what will happen in the future，we can guide urselves with determinatin and lve.
(6)参观展览的时候，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品，而且会学到很多东西。
①While we are visiting this exhibitin，we will nt nly enjy the flk art wrks but als learn a lt.
②While visiting this exhibitin，we will nt nly enjy the flk art wrks but als learn a lt.(状语从句的省略)
知识点8 主语＋be＋adj.＋t d
Finally，mst clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting t lk at.
最后，大多数客户想要既美丽又有趣的画。
能力提升——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(1)即使这个问题很难解决，我也没有放弃，因为我坚信“有志者事竟成”。
Even thugh the prblem was difficult t slve，I didn’t give it up because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
(2)我听说这个人很小气，而且很难相处。
I hear that the man is very mean and difficult t get alng/n with.

【过关检测】
根据中文或首字母提示写出下列单词。
Yur dn’t need t p________________ additinal sfrtware if Yur buy this new cmputer in my shp.
When they returned ten years later, the schl had been expanded beynd r_______________.
I’m interested in western painting and the mst i_______________ artists in each perid fr its develpment.
She is a famus singer nw, and her success and r_______________ bth result frm her wn great effrts.
They have prepared a big e_________________ fr Dunhuang Art, which is said t be brilliant.
He is a man with an _______________(艺术的) temperament. But actually, he is a farmer.
What happened in the subsequent days had a ________________(长久的) influence n his characters.
These pleasant memries are really _________________(值得) fr being preserved frever.
It is almst ________________(保证) that Yur’ll learn many things which Yur didn’t knw ever.
The lcal gvernment in ur twn wnder why interest in freign investment is n the _____________(衰退).
单句语法填空
1. China is a rapidly grwing ______________(develp) cuntry and its vice is _________________(influence).
2. He was recgnized nt just as ne fr the mst ______________(influence) actrs but a _____________(remark) directr as well.
3. Beijing Opera is the mst _____________________(represent) fr all traditinal Chinese dramatic art frms and the ______________(large) Chinese pera frm.
4. He came t _____________(he), nly ______________(find） himself surrunded by a grup fr little bys, full fr __________________(curisity).
5. Amng the wrks and masterwrks __________ display, the visitr will find the best pieces, mst _________________(imprtant), The Persistence fr Memry.
6. In this Chinese-style building, Yur can see ____________(arch) and square drs and windws, ___________ shw great manual skills.
7. After a lng study, there _____________(emerge) an verall picture fr cnditins that were extremely ________________(encurage).
8. His ______________(subject) intentin fr writing this wrk is ___________(describe) the rdinary men and wmen in their misfrtunes.
9. I wke up the next mrning, ____________(think) that I wuld definitely _______________(criticize).
10. His _____________(determine) lk cnveyed his meanings that all the injured shuld ____________(cnvey) frm the spt t the hspital _______________(instant).
三、词组的适当形式填空。
The researchers described "striking changes" in the gegraphy fr BMI. In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters fr the cuntries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed 8 (sharp).
This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 9 (live) in the cuntryside, including 10 (lw) levels fr incme and educatin, higher csts fr healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
【2020·全国卷II】
Decrating with Plants, Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 1 (celebrate) marking the end fr the winter seasn and the beginning fr spring. This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers 2 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 3 (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
These are sme fr the mst ppular in many parts fr the cuntry:
Oranges: Orange trees are mre 4 decratin; they are a symbl fr gd frtune and wealth. They make great gifs and Yur see them many times 5 (decrate) with red envelpes and messages fr gd frtune.
Bamb: Chinese lve their “Lucky Bamb” plants and Yur will see them frten in their hmes and frfice. 6 (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must. Bamb plants are assciated 7 health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy 8 (care) fr and make great presents.
Branches fr Plum Blssms (梅花): The 9 (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins. The plum trees are 10 first t flwer even as the snw is melting. They represent the prmise fr spring and a renewal fr life.
influence n.& vt.影响
have an influence n/upn对……有影响
under the influence fr在……的影响下
under ne’s influence在某人的影响下
•the first rank一流的
•把……评为……；把……分等级
rank high/first名列前茅/第一
•guarantee sth.t sb.保证某人某事
guarantee t d sth./that...保证做某事；确保……
•under guarantee在保修期内
give sb.a guarantee that...向某人担保/保证……
•be wrthy fr值得……
be wrthy t be dne ＝be wrthy fr being dne值得做某事
•be well wrth ding非常值得做
•It is wrthwhile ding/t d sth.做某事是值得的
•particular adj.特定的；特别的；挑剔的
be particular abut/ver对……很讲究/挑剔
•particularly adv.特别；尤其
lead/live 过……的生活
all ne’s life终生；一辈子
cme t life苏醒过来；变得活跃(cme alive)
本句中的while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
while的其他用法：
•作从属连词还可引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……时”。
•作并列连词，表示“然而，而”。
•作名词，表示“一会儿，一段时间”。
注意：①while表示“虽然”时，不和连词but连用。
②while引导从句时，如果主从句的主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语又含有be动词时，则从句主语和be动词可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。
本句中含有句型“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”。
•特点：不定式用主动形式表示被动意义
•使用条件：使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：①不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；②常用形容词有：difficult，hard，easy，cmfrtable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。
注意：在该结构中，若不定式为不及物动词，其后应加上相应的介词。