【寒假巩固提升】人教版（选修3） 高中英语 高二寒假 专题讲义第13讲 Unit3 Environmental Protection（教师版+学生版）.zip

这是一份【寒假巩固提升】人教版（选修3） 高中英语 高二寒假 专题讲义第13讲 Unit3 Environmental Protection（教师版+学生版）.zip，文件包含寒假巩固提升人教版选修3高中英语高二寒假专题讲义第13讲Unit3EnvironmentalProtection教师版docx、寒假巩固提升人教版选修3高中英语高二寒假专题讲义第13讲Unit3EnvironmentalProtection学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共17页， 欢迎下载使用。
【学习目标】
预习Unit3重点单词、短语、句型
预习Unit3课文
预习Unit3知识点
课内知识抢先学
一、重点词汇抢先背
1. graph [ɡrɑːf] n.图;图表;曲线图
2. emissin [iˈmɪʃn] n.排放物;散发物;排放→ [iˈmɪt] v. 排放,散发(尤指气体、辐射物)
3. melt [melt] vi. & vt.(使)融化;熔化;软化
4. starve [stɑːv] vi. & vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→ [stɑː'veɪʃn] n.饿死;挨饿;绝食
5. eclgy [iˈkɒlədʒi] n.生态;生态学
6. release [rɪˈliːs] vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
7. carbn [ˈkɑːbən] n.碳
8. habitable [ˈhæbɪtəbl] adj.适合居住的
9. sustain [səˈsteɪn] vt.维持;遭受;承受住→ [səˈsteɪnəbl] adj.可持续的;合理利用的
10. fuel [ˈfjuːəl] n.燃料;刺激性言行v. (给)提供燃料,加油;刺激,加剧
11. cmprehend [ˌkɒmprɪˈhend] vt.理解;包含;由…组成→ [ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃ(ə)n] n.理解力,领悟力;(听力或阅读)理解测试;包括,包含→ [ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv] adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的
12. wrldwide [ˈwɜːldwaɪd] adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的;影响全世界的
13. trend [trend] n.趋势;趋向;动向
14. frequently [ˈfriːkwəntli] adv.频繁地;经常→ [ˈfriːkwənt] adj.频繁的;经常的
15. bradcast [ˈbrɔːdkɑːst] vt.& vi. (bradcast, bradcast )播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目
16. plicy [ˈpɒləsi] n.政策;方针;原则
17. restrict [rɪˈstrɪkt] vt.限制,限定;束缚→ [rɪˈstrɪkʃn] n.限制规定;限制法规;约束
18. seize [siːz] vt.抓住;夺取;控制
19. basin [ˈbeɪsn] n.流域;盆地;盆
20. refrm [rɪˈfɔːm] vi. & vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良
21. underg [ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ] vt. (underwent, undergne ) 经历;经受(变化、不快等)
22. implement [ˈɪmplɪmənt] vt. 使生效;贯彻;执行→ [ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n.实施,执行
23. harmny [ˈhɑːməni] n.和声,和弦;融洽,和睦;和谐,协调→ [hɑːˈməʊniəs] adj.和谐的
24. mderate [ˈmɒdərət] adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 vi. & vt.缓和;使适中
25. submit [səbˈmɪt] vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服→ [səbˈmɪʃn] n.投降;提交(物);服从;(向法官提出的)意见;谦恭→ (ding/did/dne)
26. annual [ˈænjuəl] adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴→ [ˈænjuəli] adv.每年,一年一次地
27. chas [ˈkeɪɒs] n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱
28. nuclear [ˈnjuːkliə(r)] adj.原子能的;核能的;原子核的
29. sensitive [ˈsensətɪv] adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
30. jungle [ˈdʒʌŋɡl] n.(热带)丛林;密林
31. smg [smɒɡ] n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
32. riginate [əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt] vi. & vt.起源;发源;创立→ [ˈɒrɪdʒɪn] n.起源,起因;出身,血统
33. vlume [ˈvɒljuːm] n.量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷
34. garbage [ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ] n.垃圾;废物
35. enterprise [ˈentəpraɪz] n.公司;企业;事业
36. restre [rɪˈstɔː(r)] vt.恢复;使复原;修复
37. 38. dzen [ˈdʌzn] n.(一)打;十二个
39. regulate [ˈreɡjuleɪt] v. (用规则条例)控制,管理;调节,调整;监控,监管→ [ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn] n.章程;规章制度
40. inspect [ɪnˈspekt] v. 检查,审视;检阅,视察→ [ɪnˈspekʃn] n.检查;查看;视察
41. fine [faɪn] vt.对处以罚款
42. campaign [kæmˈpeɪn] n.运动;战役 vi. & vt.参加运动;领导运动
43. tlerate [ˈtɒləreɪt] vt.忍受;包容;容许→ [ˈtɒlərəns] n.忍受,容忍→ [ˈtɒlərənt] adj.宽容的,容忍的
44. agenda [əˈdʒendə] n.议程表;议事日程
45.cnservatin [ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn] n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持→ [kənˈsɜːv] v. v. 保护,保存;节省,节约
二．课文翻译
Reading and Thinking
课文原文
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION
We have knwn abut climate change fr decades. There is little dubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming cean and atmsphere alng with melting ice and rising sea levels prvide evidence fr a dramatic change in the glbal climate.
In 2013, a lt fr peple were shcked by a news pht fr a dead plar bear that was fund n Nrway’s Arctic island fr Svalbard. Accrding t the scientists wh fund its dead bdy, all that remained fr the plar bear was “skin and bnes”. An expert wh have studied plar bears fr many years said that frm the psitin fr its dead bdy, the bear appeared t have starved and died. Experts claimed that lw sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant that the bear culd nt hunt seals as befre, s it had t travel greater distances in rder t find fd. This alarming case shwed hw the increase in temperature had an impact n Earth’s eclgy.
Then what is causing the increase in the glbal average surface temperature? Climate scientists frten mentin a key climate prcess called the “greenhuse effect”, which have tw cmmn meanings: the “natural” greenhuse effect and the “man-made” greenhuse effect. The “natural” greenhuse effect refers t the fact that heat frm the sun enters the atmsphere and warms Earth's surface as shrt-wave radiatin. The heat is released back int space at lnger wave lengths. Greenhuse gases in the atmsphere, such as methane and carbn dixide, trap sme fr the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable. Withut this prcess, Earth culd nt sustain life. Hwever, the “man-made” greenhuse effect have nw becme a big prblem. When peple prduce huge amunts fr extra greenhuse gases by burning fssil fuels, mre heat energy is trapped in the atmsphere and causes Earth's surface temperature t rise.
There is strng and cmprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature have led t an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters wrldwide, nt nly causing serius damage, but als csting human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we d nt take apprpriate actins, this warming trend will prbably cntinue and there will be a higher price t pay. In fact, news reprts are frequently bradcast abut extreme rainstrms and heatwaves causing deaths and ecnmic lsses.
Cntinued greenhuse gas emissins will result in further warming and lng-lasting changes t the glbal climate. This requires the attentin fr peple all ver the wrld. Gvernments need t cnsider making plicies and taking apprpriate actins and measures t reduce greenhuse gas emissins. We as individuals can als reduce ur “carbn ftprint” by restricting the amunt fr carbn dixide ur lifestyles prduce. It is ur respnsibility t seize every pprtunity t educate everyne abut glbal warming, alng with its causes and impacts, because this is the mst serius issue affecting all fr us n this planet. S what will Yur d t help?
课文译文
气候变化需要全世界关注
我们认识到气候变化已经有几十年时间了。几乎没有疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖（见图表）。海洋和大气变暖，冰川融化，海平面上升，这些无不是全球气候急剧变化的证据。
2013年，一张新闻照片展示了一头被发现死在挪威北极区域斯瓦尔巴群岛上的北极熊，震惊世人。发现该尸体的科学家们说，这头北极熊只剩皮包骨了。一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从它尸体所处的位置来看，这头北极熊似乎是饿死的。专家们声称，气候变化导致海冰水平降低，这头北极熊不能像以前那样捕食海豹，因此不得不走到更远的地方去觅食。这个惊人的案例表明了气温上升是如何影响地球生态的。
那么，导致全球平均地表温度上升的因素是什么呢？气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程。它有两层常见含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。“自然”温室效应指来自太阳的热量进入大气层，以触波辐射的形式使地表升温。热量再以长波辐射的形式返回太空。大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，吸收部分热量，保持地球气候温暖，适宜居住。没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。但是，现在“人为”温室效应变成了一个大问题。当人们燃烧化石燃料，产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热量被储存在大气中，这导致地表温度迅速上升。
有充分全面的证据表明，气温上升导致世界范围内的极端天气和自然灾害增加，不仅造成严重破坏，还造成人员伤亡。气候科学家警告，如果我们再不采取适当行动，这种变暖趋势很可能会持续下去人类要付出更大代价事实上，极端暴雨和热浪导致人员死亡和经济损失的新闻常被报道。
不断排放的温室气体将导致全球气候进一步变暖，造成持久性全球气候变化，这需要全世界人民的关注。各国政府需考虑制定政策，采取适当行动和措施以减少温宝气体排放。我们个人也可以通过限制因我们的生活方式所产生的二氧化碳的排放量，减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每一个人都能认识到全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严肃的问题。所以，你会做些什么来帮忙呢？
Using Language
课文原文
REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER
The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrunding scenery is ne fr the mst well-knwn turist destinatins in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autnmus Regin. It attracts millins fr dmestic and freign visitrs each year. Hwever, its reputatin as a tp destinatin have had negative effects n the river's water quality. This reprt lks at the prblem fr water pllutin and sme actins that have been taken t deal with it.
Previusly, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly frm an increasing vlume fr turists, many fr whm frequently threw garbage int the river. Many tur bats cntributed t the prblem t. Kitchens n bard were using lts fr il, which was frten thrwn int the water. The grwth in turism als meant the lcal ppulatin rse rapidly, as well as the number fr cmmercial and industrial enterprises. Water pllutin levels increased, with mre husehld and cmmercial waste ending up in the river. In rder t feed mre peple, mre chemicals were used t increase crp prductin. These chemicals led t severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number fr fish species. Lcal frficials were cncerned that the pllutin was damaging the natural envirnment and felt that urgent steps shuld be taken t restre the river’s riginal beauty
A cmprehensive initiative was started, with a number fr measures that addressed the issues. The cnstructin fr waste water treatment facilities imprved the water quality and water cnservatin. The cllectin and transprt fr husehld waste was als imprved. Dzens fr plluting enterprises were clsed r mved. The lcal gvernment set up strict regulatins regarding further industrial develpment. New rules were als intrduced regarding tur bat rutes and garbage dispsal methds. Furthermre, the lcal authrities began t use the media t spread envirnmental awareness and encurage greater use fr clean energy. At the same time, they started t carry ut inspectins regularly and fine turist rganisatins fr abuses. With these measures, it is
believed that the beauty fr the Li River will be preserved fr generatins t cme.
In additin， the ambitius “Water Ten Plan” is als nw tackling water pllutin acrss the cuntry. Other initiatives, such as the “River Chief System”, hld senir frficials respnsible fr reducing water pllutin. With such campaigns in effect, China’s waterways are heading twards a clean and sustainable future.
课文译文
减少漓江水污染
漓江风光如画，周边景色秀丽迷人，是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一。它每年吸引着数百万国内外游客。不过，顶级旅游目的地的盛名反而对漓江水质产生了负面影响。这份报告研究了漓江水污染问题，以及为解决该问题所采取的相关措施。
以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。众多的游船也是造成这一问题的原因之一。船上的厨房大量用油，并且这些油经常被倾倒进水里，旅游业的增长，也导致当地人口以及工商企业数量迅速增加。更多的家庭和商业垃圾最终进入河流，加剧了水污染。为提高农作物产量，给更多人供应食物，人们变本加厉地使用化学制品。这些化学制品造成严重的水质问题，导致鱼的种类减少。当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，认为应采取紧急措施，恢复漓江原本的美丽。
当地实施综合方案，多措并举，以解决这些问题。建立废水处理设施，改善水质，保护水资源；改善家庭垃圾的收集和运输方式：关闭或迁走许多污染企业。当地政府对工业的进一步发展设立严格的规章制度，出台关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定。此外，地方当局开始利用媒体传播环保意识，鼓励（人们）多用清洁能源。与此同时，他们开始定期进行检查，对破坏环境的旅游组织处以罚款。有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美丽将被保存下来，留给未来的世世代代。
另外，“水十条”的宏伟规划则是为了治理整个国家的水污染问题。其他一些举措，例如“河长制”，认为高级官员要对减少水污染负责。实际上，随着这些行动（的展开），中国的水资源正朝着洁净的、可持续发展的未来迈进。

词汇短语过关斩将
1. 二氧化碳
2. 化石燃料(如煤或石油)
3. 代表(代替)某人
4. 许多;很多

重点知识精益求精
知识点01 starve vi.& vt.使挨饿；饿死
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)What shcked the scientists was that the seal (starve) t death because it culdn’t find enugh fd t eat.
(2)She is starving (lse) weight s that she can wear the beautiful dresses that she is crazy abut.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
I am starving t study English well，because mastering English means we can see the wrld thrugh a new windw.
知识点2 seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The traffic pliceman (seize) the driver by the arm and intended t fine him.
(2) (seize) the precius chance enabled him t get prmted quite easily.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)鉴于你口语不好，我强烈建议你抓住每个机会说英语。
Given that Yur dn’t get alng well with ral English，I strngly suggest that Yur (shuld) seize every chance t speak English.
(4)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
The mment I saw my father’s cludy face, panic seized me.
知识点3 submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Dzens fr enterprises have (submit) their plans t reduce their carbn ftprint in the past ten days.
(2)In the past，I frequently submitted myself difficulties but nw I can spare n effrt t handle them.
再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级/完成句子·背诵
(3)(普通表达)In spite fr challenges and hardships in my daily life，I decline t give in t them.
(高级表达)In spite fr challenges and hardships in my daily life，I decline t submit t them.
(4)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。
Thse wh are interested in the summer camp must submit the applicatins and relevant materials by May 15.
知识点4 tlerate vt.忍受；包容；容许
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We can’t tlerate peple (thrw) garbage here and there，s we will launch a campaign t appeal t peple t prtect the envirnment.
(2)My parents are (tlerate) fr my chice fr bks n cnditin that I must make full use fr time t study hard.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)那些懂得容忍他人的人会过得幸福。
Thse wh knw hw t tlerate thers can naturally lead a happy life.
知识点5 n behalf fr sb./n sb.’s behalf代表/代替某人
能力提升——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
我代表我们班，热情、真诚地欢迎你们来到中国。
(1)On behalf fr ur class，I welcme Yur t China warmly and sincerely.
(2)Representing ur class，I welcme Yur t China warmly and sincerely.
知识点6 含蓄虚拟语气
Withut this prcess，Earth culd nt sustain life.
如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Withut diverse creatures and plants，ur glbe (be) less interesting.
(2)Withut Yurr timely treatment，I wuldn’t (survive)．
提升能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(3)没有英语老师的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃学英语了。
Withut my English teacher’s encuragement and assistance，I wuld have given up studying English.
【过关检测】
根据中文或首字母提示写出下列单词。
The pprtunity is there. Why nt s__________________ it?
Stp driving s crazily, r Yur will be caught and f__________________ by the plice sner r later.
The gvernment will never t____________________ such a situatin t cntinue. Thus, they tk a series measures.
Withut water, we wuld nt be able t grw the fd we eat, r t s__________________ urselves r the ecsystem.
Peple burn fssil fuels, resulting in waste gases, which are then r_________________ int the atmsphere.
We want t shw the investrs that they can make mney and ____________________(使复原) the grasslands.
We must carry n the patritic public health __________________(运动) t reduce disease and imprve health cnditins.
This is a hard and cmprehensive task, and we must ____________________(经常) warn peple fr it.
In the curse fr carrying ut the refrm, we have t underg challenges, tests, pains, and even ___________(混乱).
___________________________________________________________________________________________
是时候立刻采取措施来解决这个问题了。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. 无论发生什么事情，我们都不能放弃希望。（under n circumstances）
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【真题演练】
(2022年1月浙江卷)
Kim Cbb, a prfressr at the Gergia Institute fr Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne fr a small but grwing minrity fr academics ___36___ are cutting back n their air travel because fr climate change. Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane ____37____(view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin. But Cbb and thers ____38____(be) nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely, and ____39____(change) their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, ____40____(rugh) 200 academics - many fr them climate scientists ____41____ (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ___42___ she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters fr ___43___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was n, she, declined the ____44____(invite). That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans ____45____(cntinue) the practice. "It have been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really psitive change."
【2021.6新高考一卷】
Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me fr the ppular Beatle's sng "The Lng and Winding Rad". 1 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-fr-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea fr cluds Yur see nce Yur are at the tp will remind Yur hw tiny we 2 (human) are.
The ht spring at the ft fr the muntain is smething Yur must try after the climb. It will 3 (undubted) help Yur get refreshed! The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the 4 (ht) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's hw nature is—always leaving us 5 (astnish).
What cmes next is the endless series fr steps. Yur can't help wndering hw hard it 6 (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place. Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n Yurr way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure 7 frfers a place where Yur can sit dwn t rest Yurr 8 (ache) legs.
As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitr's memry. It sure des in 9 (I). While Yur're in China, Munt Huangshan is 10 must t visit!
•starve t death饿死
be starving fr sth./t d sth.渴望某事/做某事
•starvatin n．饥饿；饿死
seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊
seize a chance/an pprtunity抓住机会
submit sth.t sb.将某物提交给某人
submit neself t屈从于……
•tlerate (sb./sb.’s) ding sth.忍受(某人)做某事
•tlerance n．宽恕；忍耐
tlerant adj.忍耐的
•本句中的withut this prcess是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引起虚拟语气。
•withut的这种用法既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用wuld/culd/might/shuld d)；也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用wuld/culd/might/shuld have dne)。
•有类似用法的还有：with，therwise/r(否则)，but fr(要不是)，if nly(要是……就好了)等。