【寒假衔接讲义】人教版（2019）高中英语高一英语寒假第13讲 非谓语动词之过去分词（教师版+学生版）.zip

这是一份【寒假衔接讲义】人教版（2019）高中英语高一英语寒假第13讲 非谓语动词之过去分词（教师版+学生版）.zip，文件包含寒假衔接讲义人教版2019高中英语高一英语寒假第13讲非谓语动词之过去分词教师版docx、寒假衔接讲义人教版2019高中英语高一英语寒假第13讲非谓语动词之过去分词学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共20页， 欢迎下载使用。
【知识讲解】
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
The plluted water was t blame fr the spread fr chlera.
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
[名师点津] ①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，cncerned(有关的)等。
There are few tigers left.It is time fr the departments cncerned t take measures t prtect them frm dying ut.
剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
②如果被修饰的词是由every/sme/any/n与bdy/ne所构成的复合代词或指示代词thse等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unslved？ 还有没有未解决的问题？
He is ne fr thse invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(2)后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
Last Tuesday in a muntainus area，there were a ttal fr 173 sheep killed almst immediately(＝which were killed almst immediately) when lightning struck.
上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。
2．过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。
He is a teacher respected by all.
他是一位人人尊敬的老师。(teacher和respect之间是逻辑上的被动关系)
The high building built last year is ur library.
去年建的那座高楼是我们的图书馆。 (built表示被动和完成)
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
The grund is cvered with the fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天，地面被落叶覆盖。
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
As we all knw，China is a develping cuntry.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
The visitr came frm a develped cuntry.
这位游客来自一个发达国家。
4．过去分词(dne)、现在分词的被动语态(being dne)与动词不定式的被动语态(t be dne)作定语的区别
The building built last year is ur classrm building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built nw is ur classrm building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building t be built next mnth is ur classrm building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词或过去分词短语作状语，表示被动/完成的动作，相当于一个状语从句，修饰谓语，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语，与句子的主语之间是动宾关系。
１、表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。
从太空上看，地球是蓝色的．
When it is seen frm space, the earth lks blue. =Seen frm the space, the earth lks blue.
２、表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。这类句子的谓语动词往往用将来时或情态动词。
留在冰箱里，这些蔬菜会保持新鲜的．
If they are kept in refrigeratr, these vegetables will remain fresh.
=Kept in refrigeratr, these vegetables will remain fresh.
３、表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
被这故事所感动，孩子们哭了起来．
As they were deeply mved, the children began t cry. = Deeply mved by the stry, the children began t cry.
４、表示让步，作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。
尽管被敌人打败，他还是拒绝泄露秘密．
Althugh he was beaten by the enemy, he refused t let ut the secret.
=Beaten by the enemy, he refused t let ut the secret.
５、表示行为方式或伴随情况，相当于并列复合句。
她走出了房子，她的小女孩跟在后面
She walked ut fr the huse, and she was fllwed by her little daughter.
=She walked ut fr the huse, fllwed by her little daughter.
【注意1】过去分词作状语时，从句的逻辑主语，一般与主句的主语保持一致, 其前面可以带有相应的连词。
连词+主语+谓语+(宾语)，主语+谓语+(宾语) → （连词）+ 非谓语+(宾语)，主语+谓语+(宾语)
When Yur are given a medical examinatin, Yur shuld keep calm.
= (When) given a medical examinatin, Yur shuld keep calm.
主语一致：区别 Seeing frm the hill, Yur will find the city lks like a big garden.
Seen frm the hill, the city lks like a big garden.
过去分词作状语的位置：过去分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，则要放在句首；如果它表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后，则要放在句尾。逗号隔开。
Greatly mved by the her, she decided t study hard. (表示时间,原因,条件, 让步等的分词短语多放句首)
Tm went hme, finding the dr lcked. (表示结果，伴随的分词短语多放在句尾)
【注意2】过去分词的独立结构
过去分词作状语时，如果不能和主句中的主语保持一致，该过去分词必须有自己的逻辑主语，担任独立主格结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中，常用作：状语，用来表示时间，条件，原因，伴随情况等。
△连词+主语+谓语+(宾语)，主语+谓语+(宾语) → 主语+非谓语+(宾语)，主语+谓语+(宾语)
He rushed int the rm, and his face was cvered with sweat.
=He rushed int the rm, his face cvered with sweat. (独立主格表伴随, 保留其逻辑主语 his face)
As all their savings were gne, the cuple started lking fr jbs.
=All their savings gne, the cuple started lking fr jbs. (独立主格表原因，保留其逻辑主语 all their savings)
When this was dne, we went hme. =This dne, we went hme. (独立主格表时间，保留其逻辑主语 this)
△ 分词作状语时, 如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时, 也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。) with + 宾语+过去分词
完成作业后，孩子们出去踢足球了。
状语从句：After their hmewrk was finished, the children went ut t play ftball.
After the children finished their hmewrk, they went ut t play ftball.
介词+动名词：After finishing their hmewrk, the children went ut t play ftball.
现在分词完成形式：Having finished their hmewrk, the children went ut t play ftball.
独立主格结构：Their hmewrk finished, the children went ut t play ftball.
With的复合结构：With their hmewrk finished, the children went ut t play ftball. (宾语和宾补之间是被动关系)
区别：Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right jb fr her. (given作介词,考虑到;鉴于)
Given that the patients have sme disabilities, we shuld try ur best t help them. (given that 作连词，考虑到)
Prvided that the price is right, we can buy everything Yur prduce. (prvided that 作连词，只要，如果)
注：在语言的发展过程中，有一些过去分词 (短语)在使用的过程中成为了固定结构，当使用这些固定结构时，不需要分析它们与主语的关系(也就是其逻辑主语并不一定要与主句的主语一致)，就可以直接使用，如：prvided that ...(只要，如果)，given that...(考虑到)。
口诀：分词作状语，主语是问题；逗号前后两动作，共用一主语；
主语找出后，再来判关系；主动-ing，被动用-ed; having dne / having been dne 表先后
三、过去分词作宾补
能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, bserve, lk at, hear, listen t, feel, ntice, think等。
(1) I heard the sng sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
(2)He fund his hmetwn greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
(3)I'll have my hair cut tmrrw.明天我要理发。
(4)He gt his tth pulled ut yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
(5)Dn't leave thse things undne.要把那些事情做完。
3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, rder, want, wish等。
(6)I wuld like this matter settled at nce. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。
(7)I wish my hmewrk finished befre five 'clck. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。
过去分词作宾补表示的意义。
1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作fund。
2. 过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pull ut his tth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。
过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。
1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：He had his mney stlen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）
第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：He had his leg brken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）
2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。
如：The big fire is reprted cntrlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。
The meeting rm was fund thurughly cleaned and everything arranged in gd rder.
人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
四、过去分词作表语
（1）过去分词作表语时，总是在连系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态或感受。分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成动宾关系。
连系动词包括：① 状态动词 be ; ② 持续系动词：keep, leave，remain, stay, lie, stand等；③ 像系动词 seem, appear, lk 等；④ 感官系动词：feel, smell, sund, taste等；⑤ 变化系动词：becme, grw, turn, fall，get, g，cme，run等；⑥ 终止系动词：prve，turn ut等。
e.g. Everyne is very inspired at his speech. He gt lst in the frest.
（2）过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别:“be + 过去分词”作表语时，表示状态，是系表结构，此时分词已经形容词化；“be + 过去分词”表示动作时，是被动语态（主语为动作承受者），且常常带有时间状语, 方式状语, 或引出逻辑主语的“by”短语。
The dr is lcked (系表). But I dn’t knw when it was lcked (被动).
The bk is well written (系表). The bk was written by a famus actr (被动)。
（3）那些形容词特征明显的过去分词常常可以用作表语，例如:
amused 愉快的，delighted 高兴的，disappinted 失望的，wrried 担忧的，interested 感兴趣的，
tired 疲劳的，pleased 高兴的，satisfied 满意的， excited 兴奋的，surprised 吃惊的，brken 破碎的， clsed 关闭的，crwded 拥挤的，experienced 有经验的， lst 丢失的，gne 遗失的，married 已婚的
（4）表示“感觉状态”的v-ing 和v-ed 作表语时和定语时, 在用法上是有区别的。一般来说表示“令人感到…的”都是动词-ing形式; 表示“感到…”都是用动词-ed形式。常见的有：
interesting 令人感到有兴趣的；有趣的; astnishing 令人吃惊的 exciting令人兴奋的
interested 感到有兴趣的 astnished 感到吃惊的 excited 感到兴奋的
frightening 令人害怕的 puzzling 令人迷惑的 satisfying令人满意的
frightened 感到害怕的 puzzled 感到迷惑的 satisfied 感到满意的
mving 令人感动的 pleasing令人高兴的 wrrying令人担心的
mved 受到感动的 pleased 感到高兴的 wrried 感到担心的
试比较：The news Yur tld me is very disappinting. I was disappinted at the news Yur tld me.
e) 注意：修饰人的音容笑貌(vice, lk, smile, expressin )，并说明本人感到…的内心感觉的，用v-ed.
e.g. She have a pleased lk n her face. （她感到高兴，呈现出高兴的面容，而不是令人满意的面容）
The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. (老师感到满意，呈现出满意的微笑，而不是令人满意的微笑)

【真题演练】
1．(2022全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ___________ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
2．（2022年全国乙卷）"It can help t build a cmmunity with a ________（share）future fr mankind," he said.
3．(2021年北京卷)There have been a dramatic rise in the number fr extreme weather events ver the past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures, accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
4．(2020年北京卷)A piece fr stne__________(find) n a Dutch beach suggests that ur extinct human relatives, knwn as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previusly thught.
5．Living in rms ________（equip） with air cnditiners, many peple dn't even feel the changes in the seasn.
6．________ (paint) by Lenard da Vinci in the years 1503-1506, the Mna Lisa is a mysterius masterpiece.
7．____________ (lse) in deep thught, his head hit against a tree.
8．_________(adapt) frm Mama's Bank Accunt, the shrt stry describes a mther's lve fr her children.
9．________（bury）in the sand was an ancient village.
10．When________(ask)abut the secret fr his success, Steven Spielberg said that he wed much fr his success and happiness t his wife and children.
11．________(give)mre attentin, the accident culd have been avided.
12．________(shck)by the bad news, she brke int tears.
13．________(see)frm the tp fr the hill, the schl lks like a big garden. （所给词的适当形式填空)
14．Steve arrived and sat in the frnt rw, ________（surrund）by his family.
15．________(affect) by a high fever, he cntinued with his wrk.
44．A tsunami ________ (cause) by the mst pwerful earthquake in the past 10 years hit several Asian cuntries.
45．These wrds cme frm the authr fr the bk The Secret Garden, first ________ (publish) in 1911.
46．________ (devte) t educatin, he went t the muntainus areas t teach.
47．D Yur knw the girl ___________ (dress) in a red sweater?
48．________ (ccupy) with rutine frfice tasks, she have little time with her family.
49．The band played many sngs, sme fr my favurite ________ (include).
50．__________ (assciate) with cancer treatment, the prblem have caught much attentin frm the public.
51．It was a great surprise t read fr this film _______(award) the best film prize in this mrning’s newspaper.
52．Tm felt happy t hear his friend ________ (praise)
53．The scientist still haven’t decided n a name fr the planet ________ (discver) last week.
54．________ (fund) in 1636, Harvard is ne fr the mst famus universities.
55．________(visit) at night, Lndn lks mre beautiful. 意义
形式
语态
时态
过去分词
被动
完成
现在分词
主动
进行
意义
形式
语态
时态
dne
被动
完成
being dne
被动
进行
t be dne
被动
尚未发生