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【高考英语】一轮复习:核心语法知识夯基03 介词(精讲精练)
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这是一份【高考英语】一轮复习:核心语法知识夯基03 介词(精讲精练),文件包含核心语法知识夯基03介词精讲精练原卷版docx、核心语法知识夯基03介词精讲精练解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共21页, 欢迎下载使用。
介词的分类
简单介词;即一个介词
abut, acrss, after, against, amng, arund, at, belw, beynd, during, in, n等等。
合成介词;由两个介词构成的合成词
int, nt, thrughut, upn, within
短语介词;由短语构成
accrding t, because f, instead f, up t, due t, wing t, thanks t等等。
双重介词;由两个介词搭配而成
frm amng, frm behind, frm under, till after, in between等等。
分词介词;由现在分词转化而来
cnsidering(就……而论), including,regarding,cncerning等。
兼类介词;由形容词直接转化而来
like, unlike, near, next, ppsite等等。
介词短语的语法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能
作定语
They didn’t find the slutin t the prblem.
作状语
We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)
They were late fr the meeting because f the heavy rain.(表原因)
What d yu mean by ding such a thing?(表方法)
Nthing in the wrld culd live withut air r water.(表条件)
作表语
When I paid a visit t yu yesterday, yu were nt at hme.
作宾语补足语
I fund the ld building in a bad cnditin.
表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别
表示的概念
in;n;at
at在一个时间点上;
in在一段时间之内;
n在具体某一天或具体的上午、下午、晚上。
①at 8 'clck, at nn
②in the 1990s, in January
③n Mnday, n a warm mrning
since;frm
since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;
frm指从时间的某一点开始。
①We have nt seen each ther since 1995.
②I hpe t d mrning exercises frm tday.
in,;after
in指在一段时间之后,用于一般将来时,也可以指一段时间之内=within;
after表示某一具体时间点之后,用于一般过去时。
①We’ll be back in three days.
②After seven the rain began t fall.
in the end;at the end f;by the end f
in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,单独作句子成分,后不接介词f;
at the end f 表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;
by the end f 作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。
①In the end they reached a place f safety.
②At the end f the rad stands a beautiful garden.
③They decided t have an English evening at the end f this week.
④By the end f last mnth he had finished the nvel.
位置
between;amng
一般说来,between表示两者之间;
amng用于三者或三者以上之间。
①Yu are t sit between yur father and me.
②He is always happy amng his classmates.
注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,要用between。
①Agreements were made between the
different cuntries.
②The little valley lies between high muntains.
③They dn’t knw the difference between wheat, rice and cin.
in;n;t
in表示在某范围内;
n指与什么毗邻;
t指在某范围之外。
①Changchun is in the nrtheast f China.
②Mnglia is n the nrth f China.
③Japan is t the east f China.
n;in
n只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。
①There is a bk n the piece f paper.
②There is an interesting article in thenewspaper.
③ He dug a hle in the wall.
in;int
in通常表示位置(静态);
int表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。
①We walked in the park.
②We walked int the park.
thrugh;acrss
thrugh表示从内部通过,与in 有关;
acrss则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与n有关。
①Water flws thrugh the pipe.
②The ld man walked acrss the street.
in the crner;n the crner;at the crner
in the crner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;n the crner表示“在角上”,n指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the crner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。
①The lamp stands in the crner f the rm.
②I met with him at the street crner.
③He sat n the crner f the table.
除了
besides;except;but;except fr
besides指“除了……还有;except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似,表示“除了…..外”经常用在n, all, nbdy, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except fr表示“除...外,撇开”。
①All went ut except me.
②I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
③His diary is gd except fr a few spelling mistakes.
动作
at+名词
at dinner/table 在吃饭 at wrk 在工作 at war 交战
at cards 在玩牌 at wrk 在办公 at play 在玩耍 at rest 在休息
at schl 在上学 at press 正在排印 at church 在做礼拜 beynd+名词
beynd belief 难以置信 beynd cntrl 无法控制 beynd cmpare 无可比拟
beynd descriptin 难以形容 beynd expressin 无法表达 beynd suspicin 无可怀疑
in+名词或in +名词+f+名词
in the army 在当兵 in need f 需要 in actin 在运转 in prgress 在进行
in peratin 在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight 看得见 in stre 贮藏着
in curse f cnstructin 正在兴建当中 in (gd) repair 维修良好的
in curse f shipment 定的货正在运输途中 in charge f 负责
in the charge f 由……负责 in pssessin f 拥有 in the pssessin f 被……拥有
n+名词
n business 办事/出差 n hliday/vacatin/leave 在休假 n watch 值班
n duty 值勤/日 n guard 在值勤 n strike 在罢工 n sale 出售
n lan 借贷 n the mve 在移动,搬迁,离开 n the march 在行军
n the air 在广播 n fire 在燃烧 n trial 在试用 n shw/display/exhibitin 在展出
under+名词 under cntrl 在被控制之中 under discussin 在被讨论中
under develpment 在被发展中 under bservatin 在被观察中
under test 在被测试 under cnstructin 在被建设中 under fire 在炮火中
under examinatin 在被检查/调查中 under cnsideratin 在被考虑中
under repair 在被修理中 under arrest 被被逮捕中 under attack 在被袭击中
under medical treatment 在被治疗中 under study 在被研究中
其他
目录
一
介词的分类
二
介词短语的语法功能
三
表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别
四
容易混淆的介词固定搭配的词组
五
介词易错题
六
高考模拟试题
against ne’s pinin 反对某人的见解
fr ne’s pinin 同意某人的见解
abve reprach 无可指责,无可非议
abve suspicin 不受怀疑
abve criticism 无可指责
at the mercy f 在…支配下;任由…摆布
fr sale 供出售
fr rent 供出租
within sight 看得见 容易混淆的介词固定搭配的词组
差一冠词,大相径庭
in frnt f(在……前面)——in the frnt f(在……前部)
in charge f(负责)——in the charge f(由……负责)
ut f questin(毫无疑问)——ut f the questin(不可能)
at table(在吃饭;在吃饭时)——at the table(在桌子旁边)
有无介词,意义不同
knw sb.认识某人——knw abut sb.了解某人
sht sb.击中某人——sht at sb.向某人射击
search sb.搜身——search fr sb.搜寻某人
believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格
benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit frm sb.从某人那里得到益处
画蛇添足,误加介词
serve the peple 为人民服务(容易在serve后加fr)
enter the rm 进入房间(容易在enter后加int)
fllw me 跟在我后面(容易在fllw后加behind)
marry sb. 与某人结婚(容易在marry后加with)
g abrad 出国(容易在g后面加t)
live upstairs 住在楼上(容易在live后面加 in)
母语思维,误用介词
be caught in the rain 被雨淋着(不用by)
leave fr sme place 动身去某地(不用t)
set an example t sb.为某人树立榜样(不用fr)
in the directin 朝着……方向(不用t)
d a favr fr sb. 帮某人一个忙(不用t)
different frm 和……不同(不用with)
with the help f 在……的帮助下(不用under)
steal sth. frm sb.偷某人的东西(不用f)
read sth. t sb. 给(为)……读(念)……(不用fr)
介词易错题
1. S far, several ships have been reprted missing _______ the cast f Bermuda Island.
A. ff B. alng
C. n D. arund
2. “Hw lng have yu stayed in this htel?” “Nt lng, just ______ this Mnday.”
A. n B. since
C. until D. after
3. The lift in that tall building went wrng and gt trapped _____ flrs. Peple in it had n way t get ut.
A. in B. between
C. amng D. n
4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked t pay mre attentin t the infrmatin abut the rain ______ fld.”
A. as well as B. s lng as
C. because f D. in case f
5. _____ their inexperience, they’ve dne a gd jb.
A. Given B. Suppsed
C. Cnsidered D. Cncluded
6. They prmise that the wrk wuld all be finished _____ next week.
A. until B. in
C. by D. t
7. _______ reading the letter, what has he dne?
A. Because f B. Except
C. Besides D. But fr
8. “Hw did the rbber get in?” “______ an pen windw n the first flr.”
A. Past B. Frm
C. Over D. Thrugh
9. She knew nthing abut his jurney _______ he was likely t be away fr three mnths.
A. Except B. except fr
C. except that D. in additin
10. He usually ges t wrk by bike _______ it rains.
A .except B. except when
C. except fr D. except that
11. I fund the island a wnderful place fr ur experiments _______ the ht weather.
A. besides B. except fr
C. except D. except that
12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.
A. Except B. Except fr
C. But D. Besides
13. He always did well at schl ______ having t d part-time jbs every nw and then.
A. in spite f B. instead f
C. in case f D. in favr f
14. As it was almst time fr the flight, all the passengers gt ______ the plane.
A. arund B. abrad
C. abard D. ahead
高考模拟试题
1.(2024·天津南开·模拟预测)The remte island was ______ mdern technlgy, making cmmunicatin difficult.
A.in the shape fB.beynd the reach f
C.at the mercy fD.n the side f
2.(2022·天津·三模)The little bat is ________ but safe, s I wn’t take it.
A.smethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nthing
3.(2024·山东泰安·一模)—Is that yur headmaster?
—Yu mean the man ________ blue?
A.nB.withC.inD.at
4.(2024·天津河西·一模)The result is nt the same ______they had expected, ______was rather disappinting.
A.what, asB.as, thatC.as, whichD.that, which
5.(2024·天津南开·模拟预测)Sima Qian’s writing had a prfund effect ________ me, and I have this t thank fr my passin ________ Chinese literature.
A.with, tB.n, tC.with, frD.n, fr
6.(2024·山东日照·一模)Judy wn the first prize in the spelling cntest. She spelling 300 wrds in 5 minutes.
A.successful inB.succeeded inC.successfully inD.success in
7.(2024·山东青岛·一模)There 5.5 magnitude (震级) earthquake Pingyuan, Shandng prvince August 6th, 2023.
A.is a; in; inB.was a; in; nC.was an; in; nD.was an; n; in
8.(2024·山东烟台·一模)—What d yu usually d at hme after finishing yur hmewrk?
—I have a chat__________ my friend__________ WeChat.
A.abut; nB.with; nC.n; withD.in; with
9.(2024·湖南株洲·模拟预测)Mr.Smith is friendly us. But he is very strict studies.
A.fr:withB.t;inC.t:withD.with:with
10.(2024·辽宁·模拟预测)But after graduatin, _________ my surprise, I, as an A student, culd nt find a jb.
A.inB.atC.withD.t
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