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【高考英语】一轮复习:核心语法知识夯基07 动词的时态与语态(精讲精练)
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动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态(tense)是一种动词形式,同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态,英语中有16种时态。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项:(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时;此外还列了被动语态,并将其作为单独一项。
动词的时态
一、一般现在时:动词原形或第三人称单数
1.构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
(1)直接加“s”:wrk→wrks,take→takes
(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”:carry→carries
(3)以“, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”:g→ges,dress→dresses,watch→watches,finish→finishes
2.功能:
(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have a dream.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She lves music.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Mary's parents get up very early.
(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与ften,smetimes,usually,always,every week,ccasinally,frequently,seldm等时间副词连用。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I always take a walk after supper.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She writes t me very ften.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③She is an English teacher.
(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The earth mves arund the sun.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Tw and tw makes fur.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ N man but errs.
(4)表示将来发生的动作:
A.在由when,after, befre,as,as sn as,althugh,because,if,even if,in case,till,until,unless,as lng as,where,whatever,wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① I'll tell her when she cmes tmrrw.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② Even if it rains this afternn, I'll meet yu.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Whatever happens, yu shuld keep cl-headed.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ I'll be right here waiting fr yu wherever yu g.
B.按时间表将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The play begins at 6:30 this evening.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②When des the plane take ff?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He leaves fr that city next week.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Accrding t the timetable, the train starts at 9 ’clck.
二.一般过去时:动词的过去式
1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①We visited the schl last spring.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I went t schl by bike when I was in middle schl.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③China was funded in 1949.
2.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She tld me she wuld’t g with us if it rained the next day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②They wuld nt leave until she came back.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③His girlfriend prmised t marry him nce he bught her a big huse.
三.一般将来时:shall / will + 动词原形
1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He will graduate frm the cllege next year.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We shall finish ur wrk as quickly as pssible.
2.将来时的其它结构。 例如:
I .is/am/are ging t d sth.(美国口语中常读作be gnna)
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I'm ging t buy a new car this fall.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He is ging t sell his huse.
注意:be ging t与will的对比:下列情况须用will
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I will be sixteen years ld next year.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It will be the 20th f August tmrrw.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③When he cmes, I will give him yur message.
II. is/am/are + t d sth.表示计划安排做某事或征求意见。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Am I t take ver his wrk?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We are t meet at the gate.
III. is/am/are abut t d sth. 即将做某事。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The talk is abut t begin.
四.一般过去将来时:wuld + 动词原形
1.表示过去某时之后将出现的情况,通常用于宾语从句中。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He said that they wuld meet me at the statin.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She tld me that she wuld cme t see me.
2.表示过去习惯性动作(不管什么人称都用wuld)。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Whenever he had time,Tm wuld g t see his grandma.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The ld cuple wuld g fr a walk after supper.
注意句型:
was/were abut t d sth. when……正要做某事,这时……
=was/were n the pint f ding sth. when……(when引导的从句要用一般过去时)例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He was abut t g ut when the telephne rang.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I was abut t g shpping when it rained.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③She was n the pint f having supper when the light went ff.
五.现在进行时:is / am / are +现在分词
1.表示现在正在进行的动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The water is biling. Shall I make tea?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The wrkers are building a new bridge acrss the river.
2.表现阶段正进行的动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is taking physics this semester.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We are preparing fr ur final examinatin this week.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Dn't yu think yu eat t much? Yu're putting n weight.
3.g, cme, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, jin, etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① Lk! The bus is cming.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The ld man is seriusly ill, and he is dying.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Alice is leaving fr Shanghai with her mther.
4.与 always, frever, cntinually, cnstantly 等副词连用,表示说话人带有感情色彩:赞赏或厌恶。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is always thinking f thers.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The by is cntinually making nises.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The teacher is cnstantly criticizing her fr being late.
六.过去进行时:was /were +现在分词
1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。 例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②When I arrived, they were watching TV.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③They were ding husewrk this time last week.
2.用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She tld me t wake him up if she was sleeping.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I asked my friend t warn me abut it as lng as I was driving t fast.
3.过去某时将发生的事。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They tld me that they were leaving fr New Yrk.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He was ging ut when I arrived.
七.将来进行时:shall / will be + 现在分词
1.表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①What will yu be ding this time tmrrw?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I will be having dinner this time tmrrw.
2.用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算比用一般将来时更显礼貌。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Will yu be having supper with us this evening?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Will yu be cming t see us tmrrw?
3.将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的推测。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She will be arriving at Shanghai tmrrw mrning.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The car will be ging at the speed f 100 miles an hur.
八.现在完成时:have / has +过去分词
1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet,just,befre,recently,lately,ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He hasn't seen her lately.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I haven't finished the bk yet.
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如:s far(迄今为止),up till nw(直到现在),fr a lng time(很长时间),,in the past / in the last few years(在过去的几年里),these days(这些日子)。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He has wrked here fr 15 years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I have studied English since I came here.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The freigner has been away frm China fr a lng time.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④S far, I haven't received a single letter frm my brther.
3.某些非延续性动词(即:动作开始便终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
I.常见的非延续动词:die, arrive,jin,leave,g, refuse,fail,finish,buy,marry,divrce,awake ,buy,brrw,lend 等。
II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由fr引导的时间状语。
III.但若是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She has gne away fr a mnth.(误)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She has been away fr a mnth (正)
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The man has died fr tw years.(误)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The man has been dead fr tw years.(正)
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Hw lng have yu bught the bk?(误)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Hw lng have yu had the bk.(正)
4.几组对比:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He has gne t Shanghai. 他去上海了。
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He has been t Shanghai. 他去过上海。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She has gne.她已走了。
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She is gne.她缺席了。(r她死了。)
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The dr has been clsed.门关上了。(动作)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The dr is clsed.门是关着的。(状态)
九.过去完成时:had + 过去分词
1.表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生或完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They had gt everything ready befre I came.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The play had begun befre I gt t the theater with my byfriend.
2.过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely ... when, n sner ... than(“一……就”)等固定句型结构中。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She had hardly / scarcely gne t bed when the bell rang.
=Hardly/Scarcely had she gne t bed when the bell rang.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He had n sner arrived at the railway statin than he met her parents.
=N sner had he arrived at the railway statin than he met her parents.
注意 :hardly /scarcely/n sner 在句首时要用部分倒装。
3.intend(打算),mean(打算),plan(计划)hpe(希望),want(想要)等动词的过去完成时用来表示“本打算/本计划/本希望/本想要做而没有”做的事。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I had intended t call n yu yesterday, but smene came t see me just when I was abut t leave.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②They had planned t hld a ftball match last week, but they had t cancel it because f the bad weather.
十.将来完成时:shall / will have +过去分词。
表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They will have been here fr 5 years next Friday.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②By the end f this mnth, he will have finished the bk.
十一.现在完成进行时:have / has + been + 现在分词
1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。 例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have been waiting fr an hur but she hasn't cme.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He has been running after her fr 8 years.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I have been learning English since six years ag.
2.表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
3.表某种感情色彩。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I've been wanting t see yu fr s many years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Wh's been telling yu such nnsense.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时对比:
现在完成时强调“结果”,而现在完成进行时强调“动作的延续”。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have thught f it.(我已想到了这一点。)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I have been thinking f it.(我一直在想这一点。)
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Jim has painted the dr.(杰姆已将门油漆过了。)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Jim has been painting the dr.(杰姆一直在油漆门。)
注意:表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。例如,我们可以说:I have knwn him fr years.但是不能说:I have been knwing him fr years.这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:lve,like,hate等等。
十二.过去完成进行时:had been + 现在分词
表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She said that she had been typing a paper befre I came in.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I had been waiting fr him befre he arrived.
十三.过去将来进行时:wuld be + 现在分词
表示从过去某时看将来某个时侯正在进行的动作。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He asked me what I wuld be ding when he came the next day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He said that he wuld be reading the bk all mrning tmrrw.
十四.过去将来完成时:wuld have +过去分词
表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前动作已经完成。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He said that they wuld have arrived by seven 'clck.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I thught she wuld have tld yu smething by then.
十五.将来完成进行时:shall / will have been + 现在分词
表示某一动作从某时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间,是否继续下去由上下文决定。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①By the end f next year,we will have been ding business with each ther fr 20 years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We shall have been staying here fr fur weeks when Tm arrives.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It will have been raining fr a week if it des nt stp tmrrw.
十六. 过去将来完成进行时:wuld have been + 现在分词
表示从过去的某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来的某一时间。动作是否继续进行,由上下文决定。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He said that by the end f the spring term he wuld have been studying English fr three years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She tld me that she wuld have been teaching in that university fr 10 years by that summer.
动词的被动语态
一 .被动语态的构成:被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成,其中be动词本身没有意义,但有人称、单复数以及时态的变化。(不及物动词没有被动语态)常见各种时态
对应的被动语态:(以d为例)
二.含有情态动词的被动语态:
由情态动词must/can/culd/may/might/shuld/wuld+be dne构成。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The task must be finished befre this weekend.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He shuld be punished because he tld lies.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The bk may be taken away by smene.
三. 被动语态的用法:
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者,被动语态中的介词短语by sb.通常省略。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The streets are swept every day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②His car has been stlen.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Rice is grwn in many cuntries.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④This kind f advertisement can be seen everywhere.
2.带双宾语的及物动词变成被动语态有两种变法,指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语更常见。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He gave her a beautiful gift yesterday.
→A beautiful gift was given t her (by him).或者
→ She was given a beautiful gift (by him).
3.get +过去分词表被动,表示一种结果或状态。常见结构有:get killed/cheated/burnt/wunded/paid/hurt/lst/married/caught.例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He gt killed in the traffic accident last week.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Dn’t get cheated by her beauty.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He gt caught by the plice because he exceeded the speed limit.
4.have sth dne以及get sth dne(主要用于口语中)常常表示安排别人把事情做好或谈论意外的、不好的事情。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I need t have my hair cut.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Yur watch is brken,yu’d better get it repaired.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③If yu dn’t get ut f my huse, I will have yu arrested .
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④We had ur mney stlen when we were n hliday.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Je had his leg brken in a fight.
5.have sth t be dne表示主动提出请求帮助别人做某事。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I am ging shpping ,d yu have anything t be bught?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I intend t spend my hliday in ur hmetwn,d yu have anything t be taken t yur parents?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③D yu have anything t be typed,sir?
四.主动形式表被动意义:
1.lk,feel,taste,sund,smell,appear,seem,prve,turn,stay,becme,fall,get,keep,grw等系动词+形容词或名词构成系表结构。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The ice feels cld.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②His plan prved practical.
2.表示开始、结果、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,pen,clse,stp,end,shut,run,mve等。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Wrk began at 7'clck this mrning.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The shp clses at 6 p.m every day.
3.形容词easy,hard,fit,nice,dangerus,difficult等后面接动词不定式,且不定式和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①This kind f water is fit t drink.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The text is easy t understand.
4.某些动词如read,write,sell,wash,clean,lck,pen,dry等在表示主语的某种性质时,常用主动表被动。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The clthes washes well.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Yur pen writes smthly.
5.其他的主动表被动的情况。例如:
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The bk is wrth reading.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②My bike needs/wants/requires repairing.
=My bike needs/wants/requires t be repaired.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Wh is t blame?
动词的时态与语态易错点
易错陷阱1:一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点
【分析】
The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子).
易错分析:对一般规则死记硬背,不具体分析句子结构和句意。在时态题中,上下文的时态暗示是重要线索。应当在句中瞻前顾后寻找并列连词and, but, r, rather than, r, nt als...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合and后动词时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
易错陷阱2:一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点
【分析】
易错陷阱3:现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点
【分析】
易错陷阱4:主动语态和被动语态易混易错点
【分析】
受母语干扰,翻译上下文时混淆被动语态与主动语态。
混淆谓语动词被动语态构词be+dne与非谓语动词重点过去分词dne。
不及物动词及表示主语品质和状态的动词不用被动语态,如:sell, read, write, lck, wash, drive等。
系动词不用被动语态,如:lk看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sund听起来, feel摸起来, prve证明时, turn ut结果,证明等。
【易错点提醒一】 一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点
As a little girl, I ________ (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
易错分析:不关注句中的时间状语As a little girl和逻辑意思理解错误是失分原因。
【答案】wished
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ________ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
易错分析:句子较长,容易引起句子结构分析失误和翻译的重心转移,从而忽略关键词previusly。
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number f areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previusly (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护,所以要用一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。本句句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。故填were。
The bridge (call) the Bach Lng suspensin bridge. It means “White Dragn” in Vietnamese.
易错分析:未能瞻前顾后,正确理解上下文的含义。下文means给出限速,强调客观事实。
【答案】is called
【解析】考查时态、语态。句意:这座桥被称为巴克隆悬索桥。陈述客观情况,用一般现在时,call与主语The bridge之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,助动词用is。故填is called。
Panda cnservatin, n its wn, _____ (be) a success up t nw.
【答案】has been
【解析】考查时态。句意:到目前为止,熊猫保护本身是成功的。根据后文up t nw可知为现在完成时,主语为cnservatin,助动词用has。故填has been。
【易错点提醒二】 一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点
He raised a glass f water and asked the audience, “Hw heavy d yu think this glass f water is?” The students’ answers (range) frm 20g t 500g.
易错分析:本题重在分析句子结构,容易误填ranging,应知此处作谓语。谓语与非谓语的考查是高考的重点。
【答案】ranged
【解析】考查时态。句意:学生们的回答从20克到500克不等。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少谓语动词,结合上下文时态可知,陈述过去所发生的事情,使用一般过去时,故填ranged。
Nting China’s achievements f green develpment in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiahng, vice minister f husing and urban-rural develpment, ___(stress) the difficult task f saving energy and reducing carbn emissins in urban and rural cnstructin at a press cnference n Mnday.
易错分析:此句属于长难句,句子结构容易分析错误从而不会正确翻译,同时上下文时态的兼顾也是解题重点。
【答案】stressed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:住房和城乡建设部副部长张晓红在周一的新闻发布会上提到了中国在城乡绿色发展方面取得的成就,强调了在城乡建设中节能减排的艰巨任务。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作谓语,应用动词;主语Zhang Xiahng与动词stress之间为主动关系,结合时间状语n Mnday可知,此处表示过去发生的事,应用一般过去时。故填stressed。
Since the Chinese highly qualified silk_________(make) its fame t the western cuntries, the merchants sught the pprtunity f trading Chinese silk alng this rute and gained a great frtune.
易错分析:此题容易因为since而受到干扰,应当正确分析句子结构,理解since此处表“因为”。不能单纯看词形识别时间状语,英语单词由很多是一词多义,需具体分析上下文逻辑意思。
【答案】had made
【解析】考查时态。句意:由于中国高品质的丝绸在西方国家名声大噪,商人们就沿着这条路线寻找交易中国丝绸的机会,并获得了巨大的财富。此处从句表示过去的过去,用过去完成时。故填had made。
In fact, there is a Lanzhu Beef Ndles restaurant right dwnstairs, which is abut 100 yards frm ur Beijing apartment, My niece Kim came t visit us in Beijing this summer, and after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bwl f ndles t be the best thing she (eat) in China ever.
【答案】had eaten
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:同上。分析句子,设空处使用的是动词作谓语,根据前文的 she declared 以及句意可知,此处表示的是动作发生在过去之前故使用过去完成时。故填had eaten。
【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点
I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I_____ (make)ver the years.
易错分析:本题出错主要因为固定短语记忆不牢及汉语翻译已经错误联想had dne运用过去完成时则句中要出现表示过去的动作或时间。要牢记现在完成时经常搭配的时间状语:since, s far, up t nw, in/ver/during the past days等。
【答案】have made
【解析】考查时态。句意:我喜欢去这里,看我的家人和这些年我结交的朋友们。根据句中ver the years可知应道使用现在完成时,其构成是have/has dne。故填have made。
On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example,rughly 200 academics - many f them climate scientists (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
易错分析:受到母语翻译影响,很多学生只要翻译为“已经”,就联想到have的过去时had,继而had dne, 属于现在完成时和过去完成时构成形式记忆不牢。
【答案】have prmised
【解析】考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have prmised。
By Aug 19, Haihua Island________ (receive) ver 1 millin turists during the summer vacatin.
易错分析:未能牢记过去完成时经常搭配的时间状语如by +过去时间,by the end f+过去时间。
【答案】had received
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:截至8月19日,海花岛在暑假期间接待了超过100万游客。根据上文By Aug 19可知,此处表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had received。
He mentined that the Chinese market is significant fr jade prducts, and his business (perate) in China fr 10 years.
【答案】has been perating/has perated
【解析】考查时态。根据后面的时间状语fr 10 years可知,此处应用现在完成进行时态或者现在完成时。
【易错点提醒四】 主动语态和被动语态易混易错点
Wudang martial arts based n the Taist idelgy (create) by ne f the mst famus Taists, named Zhang Sanfeng in the early years f the Ming Dynasty.
易错分析:句子结构分析错误,谓语动词分析不当,混淆谓语的被动语态和过去分词都是错误原因。
【答案】were created
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:以道家思想为基础的武当武术,是明初著名的道士张三丰所创。根据时间状语in the early years f the Ming Dynasty可知用一般过去时,句中主语Wudang martial arts是复数,和动词create是被动关系,指武当功夫被创造,在句中作谓语用被动语态。故填一般过去时的被动语态were created。
Tday, the mdernist cmplex (stck) with s many art wrks that the exhibit arenas can shw just a part f them at a time, making the artistic special exhibitins a highlight f any visit t the Getty.
易错分析:句子结构分析错误,未能正确理解句子的意思和句子成分,本句属于正确拆分长难句,并分析逻辑关系。
【答案】is stcked
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:如今,这座现代主义建筑群里收藏着如此多的艺术作品,以至于展览场一次只能展出其中的一部分,这使得艺术特展成为任何参观盖蒂博物馆的亮点。根据句中can shw可知,句子使用一般现在时,stck与主语the mdernist cmplex之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语the mdernist cmplex是单数,be动词应用is。故填is stcked。
The chice f “Turret f Palace Museum” as the theme fr the mini building blck prject (base) n several factrs.
【答案】was based
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:选择“故宫角楼”作为迷你积木项目的主题是基于几个因素。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“the chice”,单数,和动词“base”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was based。
The reinfrced glass (use) fr the bridge can hld up t 450 peple at a time.
易错分析:不关注设空后的句子成分,未能发现can hld才是真正的谓语动词,容易误填be dne。
【答案】used
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:桥上使用的强化玻璃一次最多可容纳450人。句子谓语hld,设空处应用非谓语动词,use与逻辑主语The reinfrced glass之间为动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填used。
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1.(2024·天津和平·二模)—He has gt A fr his term paper. He must have prepared fr it fr a lng time.
—Exactly. He _______ the whle summer ding research thrugh Eurpe.
A.has spentB.had spentC.spentD.wuld spend
【答案】C
【详解】考查一般过去时。句意:——他的学期论文得了A。他一定为此准备了很长时间。——没错。他花了整个夏天在欧洲做研究。A. has spent(现在完成时)花时间B. had spent(过去完成时)花时间;C. spent(一般过去时)花时间;D. wuld spend花时间(过去将来时)。根据the whle summer可知,空处为过去式,空处与主语He之间为主动关系,空处应为一般过去时的主动形式spent,故选C项。
2.(2024·天津和平·二模)Accrding t the dctr, this time next week, I_______ arund as nrmal and the cut n my ft _______ cmpletely.
A.am walking, healedB.will be walking, will have healed
C.walks, is ging t healD.have been walking, heals
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:根据医生的说法,下周这个时候,我将会像往常一样走路,而且我脚上的伤口也将完全愈合。walk“走路”,heal“康复”。根据时间状语this time next week可知,这里描述的是将来某一时间点正在进行的动作,and前的句子时态应用将来进行时,即will be ding形式,本题用will be walking。the cut n my ft的“康复”是到那时已经完成的动作,and后的句子时态应用将来完成时,即will have dne形式,本题用will have healed。故选B。
3.(2024·天津·一模)The number f firms selling smartphnes in this regin ______ since last year.
A.drppedB.was being drpped
C.have been drppingD.has drpped
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自去年以来,该地区销售智能手机的公司数量有所下降。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,根据该句时间状语since last year可知,此处为现在完成时,主语The number f firms selling smartphnes为“……的数量”表示单数意义名词,所以为动词三单形式。故选D项。
4.(2024·山东济南·二模)-- ______?
--Yes, a bit cld, thugh.
A.Freezing, isn't itB.Nice day, isn't it
C.Bad weather, dn't yu thinkD.Cld weather, isn't it
【答案】B
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意:--天气不错吧? --是的,不过有点冷。根据答句“不过有一点冷”可知存在转折关系,可推知问句是表示好天气。故选B项。
5.(2024·天津·二模)Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Histrical Assciatin ______ t friendly interactins between the Chinese and American peple.
A.has cntributedB.has been cntributingC.cntributedD.cntributes
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意:飞虎历史协会自成立以来,为促进中美两国人民友好交往作出了积极贡献。动词短语cntribute t意为“为……做贡献”,根据Since its establishment可知,此处是指动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在,且强调动作在这一段时间是一直正在进行的,应用现在完成进行时,主语是the Flying Tiger Histrical Assciatin,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
6.(2024·天津·模拟预测)—I really shuldn’t have been s rude and lst my temper.
—Well. I ______ yu t hld back yur anger, but...
A.have remindedB.had remindedC.wuld remindD.reminded
【答案】B
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意:——我真的不应该这么粗鲁,发脾气。 ——嗯。我提醒过你忍住怒火,但是……A. have reminded提醒(现在完成时);B. had reminded提醒(过去完成时);C. wuld remind提醒(过去将来时);D. reminded提醒(一般过去时)。分析可知,lst my temper发生在过去,remind所表示的动作发生在过去的过去,应为过去完成时态,应为had reminded,故选B项。
7.(2024·天津武清·模拟预测)— Culd yu attend the lecture abut city develpment tmrrw afternn?
— Srry, I ______ t Paris fr a Chinese silk exhibitin then.
A.will be flyingB.will fly
C.flyD.am flying
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:——明天下午你能参加关于城市发展的讲座吗?——对不起,那个时候我正飞往巴黎去看中国的丝绸展。分析句子可知,then指代的就是tmrrw afternn,表在将来的某一个时间正在做某事应用将来进行时。故选A项。
8.(2024·天津·二模)I miss my parents very much; I_______ frm my hme fr 5 mnths by next Sunday.
A.am awayB.will have been awayC.have been awayD.will be away
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:我非常想念我的父母;到下周日,我将离开家5个月了。be away“离开”。根据by next Sunday可知, 到下周日时离开家5个月,所以句子时态用将来完成时,构成为will have dne。故选B。
9.(2024·天津·二模)There is a river near my hme, int which large quantities f waste water _______ pured every day in the past.
A.wereB.have beenC.wasD.has been
【答案】A
【详解】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意:我家附近有一条河,过去每天都有大量的废水被倒进河里。根据in the past可知,此处应用一般过去时。large quantities f后跟可数或不可数名词,谓语动词应用复数形式。故选A。
10.(2024·天津南开·一模)She ________that the glass wuld break while pening the windw.
A.has frightenedB.was frightenedC.frightenedD.had frightened
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:她害怕打开窗户时玻璃会碎。be frightened that…“对……事情感到害怕”。根据that从句中的wuld break可知,该句描述的是过去发生的情况,所以用一般过去时态。A和D项的时态不对。而C项中的frighten可作动词,意为“使惊吓”,所以不符合句意。故选B。
11.(2024·天津红桥·一模)The cars prduced in ur factry sell well, but several years ag n ne culd have imagined the rle in the market that they ________.
A.were t playB.were playingC.had playedD.played
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:我们工厂生产的汽车销路很好,但几年前,没有人能想象到它们会在市场上扮演的角色。根据时间状语several years ag可知,表示过去将要发生的事情,应用过去将来时。故选A。
12.(2024·天津和平·一模)Shadw puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece tday.
A.will riginate; have been spreadingB.riginate; will be spreading
C.was riginated; is spreadingD.riginated; have spread
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:皮影戏起源于中国,现在已经传播到土耳其和希腊。第一空陈述过去事实,用一般过去时。riginate“起源”,为不及物动词,没有被动语态;第二空根据时间状语“tday”可知,用现在完成时态。故选D。
13.(2024·天津河东·一模)I’m afraid I can’t g shpping with yu this Sunday afternn because I ______a meeting at that time.
A.will haveB.will be havingC.has hadD.wuld have
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:恐怕这个星期天下午我不能和你一起去购物,因为那时我要开会。分析句子结构可知,空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词。根据主句的时间状语“this Sunday afternn”以及从句中的时间状语“at that time”可知,本句话为将来进行时态,表示将来的某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的事情,其结构为“will be ding sth.”。故选B。
14.(2024·天津河北·一模)Nearly seventeen centuries ________ befre the city f Pmpeii was dug frm its silent resting place.
A.has rlled awayB.had rlled awayC.rlled awayD.was rlling away
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:在庞贝城从沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来之前,将近17个世纪已经过去了。根据句意,rll away(滚走,消散)表示的动作发生在was dug之前,即过去的过去,所以应用过去完成时。故选B。
15.(2024·天津和平·一模)I haven’t finished my hmewrk yet. I ______ my mther in the kitchen all day yesterday.
A.have been helpingB.was helpingC.had helpedD.have helped
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:我还没有完成我的家庭作业。我昨天一整天都在厨房帮我妈妈。根据时间状语“all day yesterday”可知,表示过去的一段时间内正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时态。故选B。
16.(2024·陕西西安·三模)The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying.
A.dislikedB.wereC.hadD.did
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和助动词。句意:学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多。A. disliked不喜欢;B. were是;C. had有,过去完成时中助动词;D. did做,一般过去时中助动词。句子表示“学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多”,空格处意为“花费”,由前面的spent可知,空格处也本应用spent,为了避免重复,可用did代替前面的动作。故选D。
17.(2024广东深圳·一模)Recent years ______ a significant increase in the use f AI acrss different aspects f human life.
A.sawB.seeC.are seeingD.have seen
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:近年来,人工智能在人类生活的不同方面的应用显著增加。结合句意及“Recent years”可知,此处是描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响, 应用现在完成时,主语是名词复数,助动词使用have。故选D。
18.(2024·天津南开·模拟预测)Fr many years, mre than ne generatin f schlchildren ________ by his bravery and his scientific apprach t lking fr the truth.
A.have been amazedB.has been amazed
C.was amazedD.were amazed
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:多年来,不止一代的学生对他的勇敢和他寻找真理的科学方法感到惊讶。根据时间状语Fr many years可知,用现在完成时;“mre than ne + 单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。故选B。
19.(2024山东济南二模)The lady insisted that the yung man ________ her wallet and that he shuld be sent t the plice statin at nce.
A.had stlenB.stealC.has stlenD.stle
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:这位女士坚持说那个年轻人偷了她的钱包,应该立即把他送到警察局。insist表示坚持,有两种情况,一是 “坚决要求”;二是“坚持说”。表示“坚决要求”,和demand,rder等词汇一样,宾语从句谓语用虚拟语气形式shuld d,shuld可以省略。表示“坚持说”,宾语从句谓语用陈述语气,注意和主句时态一致。分析句子可知,句中第一个that引导的宾语从句表示“坚持说”,应用陈述语气,且steal这个动作发生在主句谓语动词insisted之前,应用过去完成时,表示“过去的过去”。故选A项。
20.(2024·天津·一模)Better than half a billin dllars ______ that fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat ver the past eighty years.
A.have gne intB.had gne int
C.have been gne intD.has gne int
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的80年里,超过5亿美元投入该基金,购买了500多万英亩的栖息地。分析句子结构可知,此处应为谓语动词,根据时间状语ver the past eighty years可知,此处应使用现在完成时,g int与句子主语Better than half a billin dllars之间为主动关系,且金钱作主语时看作一个整体,所以谓语动词使用单数形式,所以该句的谓语形式为has gne int。故选D项。
21.(2024·天津武清·二模)Hundreds f peple spent gd mney n an experience that they knew ______ crwds, discmfrt and danger.
A.includeB.will include
C.includedD.wuld include
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态。句意:数百人花了大价钱在一次他们明知道会包括拥挤、不舒适和危险的体验上。设空处为从句谓语,主句是一般过去时,从句表示从过去看将来,应用过去将来时,故选D。
22.(2024江苏南通三模)The lcal gvernment annunced that nly when the fire was under cntrl ________ t return t their hmes.
A.the residents wuld be allwedB.had the residents been allwed
C.wuld the residents be allwedD.the residents had been allwed
【答案】C
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意:当地政府宣布,只有当大火被控制住以后,居民们才可以返回家中。分析句子可知,在that引导的宾语从句中,nly+强调时间状语从句when the fire was under cntrl置于句首,主句使用部分倒装的形式,主句使用的是一般过去时,宾语从句“允许”的动作还未发生,故应用过去将来时,部分到装时,将助动词wuld置于主语之前。故选C。
23.(2024·广东湛江·一模)________that it was already the furth time that he _________abrad.
A.S lucky was he; traveledB.S lucky he was; traveled
C.S lucky was he; had traveledD.S lucky he was; had traveled
【答案】C
【详解】考查倒装句式和固定句式。句意:他很幸运,这已经是他第四次出国旅行了。在s... that…结构中,若将s+adj. / adv. 置于句首,则其后的主句要用部分倒装,因此第一空填S lucky was he;It is(was)the first time that…这一固定句型中,若主句是谓语是is,则从句谓语用现在完成时,若主句谓语是was,则从句谓语用过去完成时;因此第二空填had traveled。故选C项。
24.(2024·山东临沂·二模)— I want t knw when Lucy ______ t my birthday party this Sunday.
— I dn’t knw. But I think she will tell me when she ______.
A.cmes; cmesB.cmes; will cme
C.will cme; cmesD.will cme; will cme
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态。句意:——我想知道这个星期天露西什么时候来参加我的生日聚会。——我不知道。但我想她来的时候会告诉我的。第一句when引导宾语从句,宾语从句中,主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用相关时态,根据从句语境“这个星期天露西什么时候来参加我的生日聚会”可知宾语从句使用一般将来时。第二句when引导时间状语从句,主将从现,主句(she will tell me)一般将来时,从句一般现在时。故选C项。
25.(2024·江苏连云港·三模)I __________ t give yu just a surprise quiz but n secnd thught I chse t let yu reflect n yur exercises.
A.had intendedB.has intendedC.intendedD.has been intended
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:我本打算给你一个惊喜测验,但经过仔细考虑,我选择让你反思一下你的练习。根据 I chse t let yu reflect n yur exercises.可知,had intended t d sth“本打算做某事,实际上却未做”符合句意。故此题选A。
二、单词拼写
26.(2024·陕西西安·一模)As sn as the fire alarm went ff, everyne in the building (逃离) t the nearest exit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】fled/escaped
【详解】考查动词。句意:火警一响,大楼里的每个人都逃到最近的出口。根据汉语提示可知应用动词flee或escape;空处为主句谓语,结合上文went可知为一般过去时。故填fled/escaped。
27.(2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测)Yu have f (原谅) me, haven’t yu? (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】frgiven/rgiven
【详解】考查动词。句意:你已经原谅我了,是吗?根据首字母及汉语提示可知,此处使用动词frgive,句中缺少谓语动词,根据have可知,应用动词的过去分词形式,构成现在完成时。故填frgiven。
三、翻译
28.(2024·上海·模拟预测)这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“古典乐进课堂”活动,让更多学生感受到经典的独特魅力。(launch)
【答案】In recent years, this century-ld schl has launched a series f ‘Classical Music in the Classrm’ activities, allwing mre students t experience the unique charm f classics.
【详解】考查介词短语、名词短语、动词、动词短语、非谓语动词好时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知,表示“近年来”应为介词短语In recent years作时间状语;表示“这所百年老校”应为名词短语this century-ld schl;表示“开展”为动词launch;表示“一系列“古典乐进课堂”活动”应为名词短语a series f ‘Classical Music in the Classrm’ activities;后接非谓语动词作状语,表示“允许某人做某事”应为动词短语allw sb t d sth;此处allw和逻辑主语this century-ld schl为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式;表示“感受到经典的独特魅力”应为动词短语experience the unique charm f classics;结合句意和时间状语In recent years可知,该句应为现在完成时。故翻译为:In recent years, this century-ld schl has launched a series f ‘Classical Music in the Classrm’ activities, allwing mre students t experience the unique charm f classics.
29.(2024·上海·模拟预测)尽管市场上饮料品种丰富,但我还是深深着迷于中国传统的茶文化。(althugh)
【答案】Althugh there are varius beverages in/n the market, I am still deeply fascinated by traditinal Chinese tea culture.
【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句、固定短语、副词、形容词和名词。表示“尽管”用althugh,引导让步状语从句,位于句首,首字母大写;从句中:表示“有”用there be句型,本句陈述事实,故时态用一般现在时,且结合“饮料品种丰富”可知,be动词用are;表示“各种各样的”用形容词varius,作定语,修饰“饮料”beverage,饮料不止一种,应用名词复数形式,作主语;表示“市场上”用固定短语in/n the market。主句中:表示“我”用I,作主语;表示“着迷于”用be fascinated by,be动词用am;表示“还是,仍然”用副词still;表示“深深地”用副词deeply,作状语;表示“传统的”用形容词traditinal,作定语,修饰“中国茶文化”Chinese tea culture。故翻译为Althugh there are varius beverages in/n the market, I am still deeply fascinated by traditinal Chinese tea culture.
30.(2024·上海浦东新·三模)他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸以避免受伤。(ritual)
【答案】He makes it a ritual t warm up and stretch befre exercising t avid getting injured.
【详解】考查固定搭配,固定句式和动词不定式。本句描述一般事实,应用一般现在时。he作主语;表示“习惯”为a ritual;表示“热身”短语为warm up;表示“拉伸”动词为stretch;表示“运动之前”的短语为befre exercising;表示“他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸”可用固定搭配He makes it a ritual t warm up and stretch befre exercising,it作形式宾语,a ritual作宾补,动词不定式作真正的宾语;表示“避免做某事”应用avid ding sth.。表示“以避免受伤”应用短语t avid getting injured,动词不定式作目的状语。句首字母大写,故翻译为He makes it a ritual t warm up and stretch befre exercising t avid getting injured.
31.(2024·上海浦东新·三模)为缓解人口老龄化的压力,中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease)
【答案】T ease the pressure frm the aging ppulatin, the Chinese gvernment is nw establishing mre cmmunity agencies t supprt the lives f the elderly.
【详解】考查非谓语动词,时态和短语。分析句意可知,句子描述现阶段正在进行的动作用现在进行时,“为缓解人口老龄化的压力”作目的状语,用不定式形式,译为T ease the pressure frm the aging ppulatin,主语the Chinese gvernment“中国政府”,establish“建立”作谓语,用现在进行时,宾语“更多的社区”译为mre cmmunity agencies,“来为老年人的生活提供支持”为目的状语,用不定式短语t supprt the lives f the elderly。故答案为T ease the pressure frm the aging ppulatin, the Chinese gvernment is nw establishing mre cmmunity agencies t supprt the lives f the elderly.
32.(2024·上海宝山·二模)坦率地说,考试分数只能作为一个参考,不能作为评价的唯一标准。(guideline)
【答案】Frankly speaking, a grade in a test is just a guideline, nt the nly standard fr evaluatin.
【详解】考查短语和时态。句子描述的为一般事实,使用一般现在时。“坦率地说”为“frankly speaking”,“考试分数”为“a grade in a test”,“只是”为“just”,“一个参考”为“a guideline”,则“考试分数只能作为一个参考”使用“主系表”的结构翻译为“A grade in a test is just a guideline.”,“不”为“nt”,名词“评价”为“evaluatin”,“唯一标准”为“the nly standard”,则“评价的唯一标准”为“the nly standard fr evaluatin”。故翻译为Frankly speaking, a grade in a test is just a guideline, nt the nly standard fr evaluatin.
33.(2024·上海松江·二模)这位摄影师觉得去热门景点拍照没意思,他已计划好要去沙漠找灵感。(instead)
【答案】The phtgrapher finds it meaningless/bring t sht/take pictures in ppular turist destinatins, and instead he has planned t lk fr inspiratin/inspiring ideas/things that can inspire him in the desert.
【详解】考查固定句型、名词、形容词、介词短语、动词短语和定语从句。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,表示“摄影师”为名词The phtgrapher;后接find it+adj+t d sth表示“发现做某事是怎样的”的固定句型,句子陈述目前事实,应用一般现在时,表示“毫无意义的”为形容词meaningless;表示“拍照”应为动词短语take pictures;表示“在热门旅游目的地”应为介词短语in ppular turist destinatins;表示“相反的是”为副词instead;表示“计划做某事”应为动词短语plan t d sth,此处表示已经完成的动作,为现在完成时;表示“寻找灵感”应为动词短语lk fr inspiratin;后接关系代词that引导的定语从句,对先行词inspiratin的修饰,在该定语从句中,表示“在沙漠中激励他”可译为that can inspire him in the desert。故翻译为The phtgrapher finds it meaningless/bring t sht/take pictures in ppular turist destinatins, and instead he has planned t lk fr inspiratin/inspiring ideas/things that can inspire him in the desert.
34.(2024·上海松江·二模)她原以为没多少人会来体育馆看比赛,结果看台上座无虚席。(it)
【答案】She (had) suppsed that nt many peple wuld cme t the stadium t watch the game, but it turned ut that all the seats n the stand(s) were ccupied.
【详解】考查宾语从句和固定句型。第一句主语为she;表示“以为”应用suppse,可用一般过去时或过去完成时;后跟that引导的宾语从句,表示“没多少人”应用nt many peple作主语;表示“来体育馆看比赛”翻译为cme t the stadium t watch the game,为过去将来时;but连接并列句,表示“结果”句型为it turned ut that…,为一般过去时;表示“看台上座无虚席”翻译为all the seats n the stand(s) were ccupied。故翻译为She (had) suppsed that nt many peple wuld cme t the stadium t watch the game, but it turned ut that all the seats n the stand(s) were ccupied.
35.(2024·上海松江·二模)这家软件公司会从技术上保护设计师的创意。(perspective)
【答案】The sftware cmpany will prtect designers’ creativity/creative frm a technical perspective/frm a perspective f technlgy.
【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,表示“这家软件公司”应为名词短语The sftware cmpany;表示“保护设计师的创意”应为动词短语prtect designers’ creativity;表示“从技术上”应为介词短语frm a perspective f technlgy;结合句意可知,该句应为陈述将来发生的事情,为一般将来时。故翻译为The sftware cmpany will prtect designers’ creativity/creative frm a technical perspective/frm a perspective f technlgy.
36.(2024·上海松江·二模)大多数中国人喜欢在生日的时候吃碗面。(tend)
【答案】Mst Chinese peple tend t eat a bwl f ndles n their birthdays.
【详解】考查动词短语。“大多数中国人”可翻译为“mst Chinese peple”,该名词短语在句中作主语。“tend t d sth.”意为“倾向于做……”。tend在句中作谓语动词。本句话描述一般事实,所以用一般现在时态,主语为复数,所以谓语动词用原形;“在生日的时候吃碗面”可以翻译为“eat a bwl f ndles n their birthdays”,their指代“mst Chinese peple”。故翻译为Mst Chinese peple tend t eat a bwl f ndles n their birthdays.
37.(2024·上海崇明·二模)你只要脚踏实地,努力做好每一件事,你的梦想就会离你越来越近。(effrt)
【答案】As lng as yu stay rted in the practical and make an effrt t d everything well, yur dream will get clser and clser t yu.
【详解】考查条件状语从句、固定短语和时态。“你只要脚踏实地,努力做好每一件事”为“你的梦想就会离你越来越近”实现的条件,可用固定短语as lng as表示“只要”,引导条件状语从句,从句时态用一般现在时表将来,主语“你”用代词yu,“脚踏实地”可用固定短语stay rted in the practical,“努力做好每一件事”可用动词短语make an effrt t d everything well,两个动词短语之间用并列连词and连接;主句描述未来的情况,时态应用一般将来时,主语“你的梦想”可用名词短语yur dream,“会离……越来越近”可用固定短语will get clser and clser t,“你”用代词yu。故可译为:As lng as yu stay rted in the practical and make an effrt t d everything well, yur dream will get clser and clser t yu.
38.(2024·上海崇明·二模)毫无疑问,这个历史小镇已成为了很多游客追捧的旅游胜地。(dubt)
【答案】There’s n dubt that the histric twn has becme a ppular turist attractin fr many turists.
【详解】考查固定句型、名词短语和形容词。“毫无疑问”可用固定句型there’s n dubt that…,that引导同位语从句,从句描述过去发生的行为现在产生的结果,时态应用现在完成时,主语“这个历史小镇”可用名词短语the histric twn,为单数,谓语“已成为了”可用动词has becme,表语“很多游客追捧的旅游胜地”可用名词短语a ppular turist attractin fr many turists,其中形容词ppular作修饰turist attractin的定语。故可译为:There’s n dubt that the histric twn has becme a ppular turist attractin fr many turists.
39.(2024·上海崇明·二模)难以置信的是,她看似柔弱,却是一个渴望探险的女孩子。(lng)
【答案】It is incredible that she lks weak, but is actually a girl lnging fr adventures.
【详解】考查固定句型、动词短语、非谓语动词和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,该句应为It is incredible that…“难以置信的是”的固定句型,表示“看似柔弱”应为动词短语lks weak;表示“却,但是”为连词but连接的并列句,表示“一个女孩”为名词a girl;后接非谓语动词作后置定语修饰a girl,a girl和动词短语表示“渴望”的lng fr为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式,表示“探险”为名词adventures;结合句意可知,该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为:It is incredible that she lks weak, but is actually a girl lnging fr adventures.
40.(2024·上海虹口·二模)随着人们的生活回归正轨,工作节奏加快,一些宠物被遗弃街头无家可归。(As)
【答案】As peple’s lives returned t nrmal and the pace f wrk sped up, sme pets were left hmeless n the streets.
【详解】考查状语从句、动词的时态和语态。表示“回归正轨”应用短语return t nrmal;表示“节奏”应用名词pace;表示“加快”应用动词短语speed up;表示“无家可归”应用形容词hmeless;表示“被遗弃街头无家可归”应用be left hmeless n the streets;表示“随着……”应用as引导时间状语从句。由句意可知,本句应用一般过去时态描述过去的动作。故翻译为:As peple’s lives returned t nrmal and the pace f wrk sped up, sme pets were left hmeless n the streets.
目录
一
动词的时态
二
动词的被动语态
三
动词的时态与语态易错点
四
高考模拟试题
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
完成进行时态
现 在
d/des
is/am/are ding
has/have dne
has/have been ding
过 去
did
was /were ding
had dne
had been ding
将 来
shall/will d
shall/will be ding
shall/will have dne
shall/will have been ding
过去将来
wuld d
wuld be ding
wuld have dne
wuld have been ding
一般时态
完成时态
进行时态
完成进行时态
现 在
is /am/are dne
has/have been dne
is/am/are being dne
无
过 去
was/were dne
had been dne
was /were being dne
无
将 来
shall /will be dne
shall/will have been dne
无
无
过去将来
wuld be dne
wuld have been dne
无
无
一般现在时
常与always,ften,smetimes,usually等连用或通过上下文表示。
一般过去时
常与时间状语连用,或者通过上下文逻辑意思及动词时态来体现。
连用时间状语:last week, in 2021, 3 days ag, the ther day, in the past
现在完成时
强调对现在造成的结果和影响,通常与时间段连用。
连用时间状语:s far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up t nw
一般过去时
过去的动作或情况。
过去完成时
过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。
连用时间状语:by the end f+过去时间,befre+过去时间。
特殊用法
1.下列动词hpe、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、 mean、 suppse等,用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
2.This/It/That was the first/secnd/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用过去完成时。
3.hardly ... when ...和n sner ... than ...两个句型中,主句均用过去完成时。
现在完成时
连用时间状语s far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up t nw
过去完成时
过去的动作或时间之前发生的事。即“过去的过去”,句中必须出现表示过去的动作、状态或时间状语。
对比
He has been ill fr tw weeks。他已经病了两个星期了。
He had been ill fr tw weeks befre she came back。
在她回来之前,他已经病了两个星期了。
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