【高考英语】一轮复习：核心语法知识夯基09 句子成分、简单句、并列句（精讲精练）

这是一份【高考英语】一轮复习：核心语法知识夯基09 句子成分、简单句、并列句（精讲精练），文件包含核心语法知识夯基09句子成分简单句并列句精讲精练原卷版docx、核心语法知识夯基09句子成分简单句并列句精讲精练解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。
主语：是句子所要说明的人或事物。是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。
主语通常由名词 (短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式 (短语)、动名词 (短语)或从句等充当。
1）名词：A tree has fallen acrss the rad.
（2）代词：He tld a jke but it fell flat.
（3）数词：Three is enugh.
（4）动名词：Smking is bad fr yu.
（5）不定式： T find yur way can be a prblem.
（6）it 形式主语：It is certain that he will win the match.
（7）从句：That he finished writing the cmpsitin in such a shrt time surprised us all.
谓语：主语的行为或状态，一般在主语之后。
谓语反映：时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致等。
I. 常用的动词时态
I. 常用被动语态
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化列表如下：
谓语分为：简单谓语和复合谓语。
The breeze brushed her cheek.
I dn’t knw the reasn why the huse is s dirty.（“助动词+动词原形”构成复合谓语。）
He might be able t speak English.（“情态动词+动词原形”构成复合谓语。）
宾语: 是动作的对象或承受者， 一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。
可以作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。
（1）名词：D yu fancy a drink?
（2）代词：They wn’t hurt us.
（3）数词：If yu add 5 t 5, yu get 10.
（4）不定式：Des she really want t leave hme?
（5）动名词：We d nt allw / permit smking in the kitchen.
（6）从句（即宾语从句）：D yu understand what I mean?
（7）it 形式宾语：I find it difficult t learn English well.
2. 宾语的种类
（1）直接宾语：动作的直接承受者或结果（一般是物sth.）
间接宾语：动作对谁或者为谁而做的（一般是人sb.）
（2）介词后面的宾语，构成“介宾结构”
I am interested in cmputer studies.
表语：用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。表语与系动词一起构成复合谓语 (系表结构)。
可作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、过去分词、介词短语、从句。
（1）名词：The wedding was that Sunday.
（2）代词：Seventy-fur?—Yu dn’t lk it.
（3）数词：We are seven.
（4）形容词：Are yu busy?
（5）副词：I am here.
（6）不定式：All I culd d was t wait.
（7）动名词：Seeing is believing.
（8）过去分词：I’m very pleased with what he has dne.
（9）介词短语：She is in gd health.
（10）从句：That is why I was angry.
定语：是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。
可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、分词、不定式、动名词、介词短语和从句等。
（1）形容词：She is a natural musician.
（2）名词：A baby girl is crying.
（3）代词：Yur hair needs cutting.（物主代词）
Everybdy’s business is nbdy’s business.（不定代词所有格）
（4）数词：D it nw, yu may nt get a secnd chance. （序数词）
（5）副词：The rm abve is my sister’s. （副词作定语后置）
（6）不定式：Her prmise t write was frgtten.
（7）动名词：Learning methds vary frm persn t persn.
（8）分词： The brken windw has been replaced.（过去分词）
The girl rse her head and saw the rising sun.(现在分词）
（9）介词短语：This is a map f China.
（10）从句(定语从句): The car that is parked utside is mine.
补足语: 补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。
主语补足语: 补充说明主语意义的句子成分。
宾语补足语: 补充说明宾语意义的句子成分。
可以用作补足语的有：名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。
（1）Yu must keep the rm clean and tidy.
（2） Jhn asked me t help him with his Chinese.
（3） I will have my hair cut tmrrw.
（4） We saw the by playing basketball n the grund
状语: 状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。
可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格结构和从句等。
状语的分类：状语按用途可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等 。
He was late because he gt up late.
He gt up s late that I missed the train.
My father wrked in this schl ten years ag.
I waited t see yu.
His parents died, leaving him an rphan.
This bk is very interesting.
The meeting ver，we left the rm．
He arrived hme, hungry and tired.
They cared fr the child day and night.
同位语：对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。
（1）名词：We, the Chinese peple, are determined t
build China int a pwerful and prsperus cuntry.
（2）代词：They all wanted t see him.
He himself desn’t knw why.
（3）数词：Are yu tw ready?
（4）同位语从句：The news that we are having a hliday tmrrw is nt true.
插入语：对一句话的附加解释、说明或总结用逗号、破折号隔开，与句子的其他部分之间没有语法关系。
T be frank, I dn’t agree with yu.
Strictly speaking, yu are wrng.
This, in my pinin, is nly a simple questin.
Hnestly, I dn’t need it at the mment.
Yu are nt quite fit fr this kind f wrk, if I may say s.
英语句子分类
英语句子分为: 简单句、并列句、复合句
简单句
英语的基本句型
（1）主语 ＋谓语（不及物动词）
She came．/ My head aches.
主谓结构的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。但也可以加介词跟宾语：“主＋谓+介词+宾语”。We g t schl everyday.
（2）主语 ＋谓语（及物动词）＋ 宾语
She likes English.
主语 ＋谓语（双宾动词）＋ 间宾＋直宾
可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, ffer, send, bring, pass, tell, shw, teach, prmise等。
he gave Jhn a bk．
She bught a bk fr me.
（4）主语 ＋谓语（宾补动词）＋ 宾语＋宾补
She makes her mther angry．
The teacher asked me t read the passage.
可接复合宾语的常见动词有：ask, tell, find, help, like, allw, take, make, let, have（使得）, frce（强迫）, call, advise, persuade（劝服）, watch, see, hear, feel（认为，觉得）, cnsider（认为）, chse, elect（选）等。
（5）主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
She is happy．
（6）There +be
There lies a bk n the desk.
简单句的扩展：基本句型 + 附属成分（定语、状语）
She likes ranges imprted frm the USA.
Jhn gave Mary many bks，which are full f picturess．
She is sitting at the desk, ding her hmewrk.
As he was ill, he didn’t cme t class yesterday.
并列句
并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成， 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。
在并列句中， 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组， 或者连接副词来连接分句，有时甚至不用并列连词， 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。
常用的并列连词有：and , but , r, fr, s , neither, nr …
并列连词词组有：either…r, neither…nr, bth…and, as well as, nt nly…but als…
连接副词有：besides, furthermre, mrever …
表示联合关系
常用and , neither…nr, nt nly…but als 等连词
There was a big strm after midnight and the rain pured dwn.
I can neither write sngs nr play the guitar.
表示选择关系
常用r, either …r 等连词
We ck a dinner tgether, r we g fr a lng walk.
…either ne f his daughters replaces him as a prisner in the castle, r he will die. …
表示转折和对比关系
常用yet， but， hwever， while 等
but表示完全转折， 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 hwever在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。
Sme sprts are dne indrs, while thers are dne utdrs.
They wanted t charge ﹩5,000 fr the car, but we managed t bring the price dwn.
In sme places wmen are expected t earn mney while men wrk at hme and raise their children.
One can nt see wind, hwever, it des exist.
I’d like t g with yu ; hwever , my hands are full.
The essay is gd; it culd be imprved ,hwever.
He wrked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)
It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)
表示因果关系
常用s， fr，therefre等连接词
I didn’t get enugh sleep s I didn’t feel very well this mrning.
It was raining, therefre we had t stay at hme.
He fund it increasingly difficult t read , fr his eyesight was brginning t fail.
表示条件或者结果
常用and或者r等连词
Simply raise yur hand , and a taxi appears in n time.
Dn’t drive t fast r yu will have an accident .
Stand ver there and yu will see the il painting better.
Yu have t mve ut f the way r the truck can’t get past.
表示递进关系
常用besides， furthermre，mrever等连接副词。
Televisin is entertaining; besides/furthermre/mrever, it is instructive.
并列句固定句型
1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。
(1)祈使句，and/r＋主谓结构。
(2)名词短语，and＋主谓结构。
(3).be abut 正要……这时突然……
Climb t the tp f the muntain，and yu'll get a gd view f the city.
Hurry up，r yu'll be late.
Anther five minutes，and I'll finish the cmpsitin.
A few minutes and they went away.
He was abut t g ut when it began t rain heavily.
2.hwever，but，while的用法比较。
hwever另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比，又表转折。
He was ill，but he still kept n wrking.
What she said sunded reasnable，Mr. Green，hwever，didn't believe her. 她说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。
There is plenty f rain in the suth while there is little rain in the nrth. 南方多雨而北方少雨。
3.(1) s不能与because连用。
(2)but，while不与althugh连用，但yet，still可与althugh连用
并列句易错点
误区一 并列连词的缺失或误用
(1)【误】We bught her a birthday present, she liked it very much.
【正】We bught her a birthday present, and she liked it very much.
[分析] 分析句式可知，两个分句之间缺少连词，结合句意“我们给她买了生日礼物，而且她很喜欢”可知，前后分句之间是并列关系，故在she前加and。
(2)【误】Everyne in the twn knew him, we had n truble finding his huse.
【正】Everyne in the twn knew him, s we had n truble finding his huse.
[分析] 分析句式可知，两个分句之间缺少连词，结合句意“镇上谁都认识他，因此我们毫不费力就找到了他的家”可知，前后分句之间是因果关系，故在we前加s。
(3)【误】Cme a little earlier next time, and yu'll miss the best part f the TV play.
【正】Cme a little earlier next time, r/therwise yu'll miss the best part f the TV play.
[分析] 此句是“祈使句＋r/therwise＋陈述句”句型。
[注意] 导致以上错误的原因主要在于两方面：①用逗号连接两个简单句；②不清楚句意或句式区别造成连词误用。要记住，逗号前后不能为两句话，要么其中一个是从句，要么有连词连接，这才符合语法规则。另外，还应注意避免机械地排列简单句，这也是书面表达中不能取得高分的原因之一，如：
I believe I am fit fr it. I'm writing t apply fr the psitin.
如果我们把这两个意义相关的句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子：
I believe I am fit fr it， s I'm writing t apply fr the psitin.
比较一下，同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢？并列连词的使用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感，使句子之间显得更加紧凑。
高考模拟试题
单项选择
1．（23-24广东深圳·一模）Nt nly ________my skills f cmmunicatin but als ________me t knw mre abut ur traditinal culture.
A．the activity trained; it allwedB．did the activity train; did it allw
C．did the activity train; it allwedD．the activity trained; did it allw
2．（2024·山东济南·二模）— A subway will be built in ur hmetwn befre 2022.
— ______! Will it pass my huse?
A．What an excited newsB．What exciting news
C．Hw an excited newsD．Hw exciting news
3．（2024·山东烟台·二模）Jhn, read the text fr us, ______?
A．des heB．will heC．d yuD．will yu
4．（2024·山东·临沂三模）______ plite t thers, and yu will find it easy t get n well with them.
A．BeingB．DingC．BeD．D
5．（2024·山东日照·三模）—Can yu tell me ______ he will cme back?
—In tw weeks.
A．hw lngB．hw farC．hw snD．hw much
6．（2024·山东济南·二模）It’s fine tday. Let’s g a walk, ______?
A．d yuB．let weC．shall weD．des it
7．（2024·山东济南·二模）-- ______?
--Yes, a bit cld, thugh.
A．Freezing, isn't itB．Nice day, isn't it
C．Bad weather, dn't yu thinkD．Cld weather, isn't it
8．（2024·山东青岛·一模）__________advice the teacher gave us!
A．WhatB．What aC．What anD．Hw
9．（2024·山东·一模）Adams never has breakfast, __________ he?
A．desB．desn’tC．hasD．hasn’t
10．（2024·山烟台·一模）Wrk hard, __________yu will have a bright future.
A．andB．rC．sinceD．but
11．（2024·北京·高考真题）In any unsafe situatin, simply ________ the buttn and a highly-trained agent will get yu the help yu need.
A．pressB．t press
C．pressingD．pressed
二、翻译
12．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）穿着睡衣去超市不太合适，不是吗? (It)

13．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？(there be)

14．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）冷静，别让焦虑影响你的表现。（r）

目录
一
句子成分解析
二
英语句子分类
三
并列句易错点
四
高考模拟试题
时间
形态
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
ask / asks
asked
will ask
wuld ask
进行
am/is/are asking
was/were asking
will be asking
完成
have/has asked
had asked
will have asked
完成
进行
have/has been asking
be（时态、人称、数的变化形式）+物动词的过去分词
时间
形态
一般
进行
完成
完成进行
现在
am/is/are dne
am/is/are being dne
has/ have been dne
have/has been being dne
过去
was/were dne
was/were being dne
had been dne
将来
shall/will be dne
shall/will have been dne
过去将来
shuld/wuld be dne
含有情态动词
must be / have been dne