话题26　科学家精神【高考英语】一轮复习：话题高考题型练(课件+练习)

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Graduate SchemesCmmercial Banking Graduate SchemeWe help UK－based clients t invest lcally and trade glbally，and advise them n ways they can manage risk.T apply fr ur scheme，yu need a 2：1 degree r abve in any discipline frm any university.Lcatin：Our graduate schemes are based in varius cities arund the UK，including Lndn，Birmingham，Edinburgh and Bristl.
WHAT YOU’LL BE DOING◆Attending client meetings t understand their needs and ffering slutins t supprt them.◆Managing the Grup’s expsure t risk and assessing investment pprtunities.Risk Management Graduate SchemeIf yu are eager t learn hw a natinal rganizatin prtects itself and its custmers frm different threats，yu’ll be a great fit fr ur Risk Management teams.What yu need is just a 2：2 degree r abve.Lcatin：The first placement will be in Bristl，fllwed by three placements in Lndn.
WHAT YOU’LL BE DOING◆Develping yur understanding f credit risks，risk analysis and financial mdeling.◆Using artificial intelligence (AI) t simplify ur risk management prcesses.Finance Graduate SchemeFinance teams are the trusted advisrs t ur business.And，nce they understand hw a business wrks，they can develp strategies that help transfrm it，within a fast－changing industry.Accunting and finance graduates are qualified fr this scheme.Lcatin：Lndn.
WHAT YOU’LL BE DOING◆Building relatinships with clleagues and custmers t better understand their needs.◆Reviewing ur practices and cntributing ideas n the ways we can imprve them.Manufacturing Graduate SchemeWe’re the UK’s secnd largest fresh fd manufacturer.We’re unique in the way we surce and make mst f ur fresh fd urselves.T jin us，it’s crucial that yu have t wn a driving license.Besides，yu must have a passin fr fd quality and safety.Thse wh have a minimum 2：2 degree and are fluent in Chinese will be preferred.Lcatin：Lndn.
WHAT YOU’LL BE DOING◆Wrking with a variety f teams at several f ur manufacturing sites.◆Ging n placement in stres t learn mre abut ur retail peratins.【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个毕业生计划，对毕业生的要求，招聘地点以及工作要求。
1.Which graduate schemes suit peple wh want t stay in Bristl?
A.Finance Graduate Scheme and Risk Management Graduate Graduate Scheme and Finance Graduate Management Graduate Scheme and Manufacturing Graduate Banking Graduate Scheme and Risk Management Graduate Scheme.解析 细节理解题。根据Cmmercial Banking Graduate Scheme部分中的“Lcatin：Our graduate Bristl.”以及Risk Management Graduate Scheme部分中的“Lcatin：The Lndn.”可知，Cmmercial Banking Graduate Scheme和Risk Management Graduate Scheme适合那些想留在布里斯托尔的人。
2.What will yu be ding nce finishing the Finance Graduate Scheme?
A.Reviewing ideas n the ways t imprve mre knwledge abut retail bnds with custmers t knw them AI t make risk management easy.解析 细节理解题。根据Finance Graduate Scheme部分中的“WHAT YOU’LL BE DOING”可知，完成金融毕业生计划后，你会与客户建立联系，了解他们。
3.Which is a must t apply fr Manufacturing Graduate Scheme?
A.A passin fr fd.B.A driving license.C.A certificate fr Chinese.D.A health certificate.解析 细节理解题。根据Manufacturing Graduate Scheme部分中“T jin us，it’s crucial that yu have t wn a driving license.”可知，申请该计划需要有驾驶执照。
Hward Schultz wasn’t the first persn t be carried away by the pleasant smell f a well－rasted cffee bean.But the Starbucks Cffee C. leader was undubtedly the first t turn that dream int a billin dllar retail business.Schultz’s adventure started in 1981 when he traveled frm New Yrk t Seattle t check ut a ppular cffee bean stre called “Starbucks”.It had been buying many f the Hammarplast Swedish drip cffeemakers (滴滤式煮咖啡壶) he was selling.
There was that great smell，sure，but what caused him t fall in lve with the business was the care the Starbucks wners put int chsing and rasting the beans.He was als impressed with the wners’ devtin t educating the public abut the wnders f the cffee.It tk Schultz a year t cnvince the Starbucks wners t hire him.When they finally made him directr f marketing and peratins in 1982，he had anther idea.This ne ccurred in Italy，when Schultz nticed the cffee bars that existed n almst every blck.He learned that they nt nly served excellent espresss (蒸馏咖啡)，they als served as meeting places r public squares，and there were 200，000 f them in the cuntry.
But when he came back t Seattle，the Starbucks wners resisted Schultz’s plans t serve cffee in the stres，saying the restaurant business was cmpetitive，and it was cstly t hire waiters.After all，ecnmic benefits were their primary mtivatr.Frustrated，Schultz quit and started his wn cffee－bar business in 1985，named “Ⅱ Girnale”.It was successful，and tw years later，the riginal Starbucks management sld its Starbucks retail unit t Schultz fr $3.8 millin.As the cmpany began t expand rapidly in the 1990s，Schultz always said that the main gal was “t serve a great cup f cffee”.Asked abut the secret f his success，Schultz tld us the principles，“Dn’t be threatened by peple smarter than yu.Cmprmise anything but yur cre values.”【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了霍华德·舒尔茨带领星巴克咖啡公司走向成功的故事。
4.What caused Schultz t jin the Starbucks?
A.The pleasant smell f its cffee strng desire t imprve wners’ impressive wrk eagerness t sell mre cffeemakers.解析 推理判断题。根据第三段及第四段中的“It tk Schultz a year t cnvince the Starbucks wners t hire him.”可推知，老板令人印象深刻的工作态度促使舒尔茨加入了星巴克。
5.Which f the fllwing can best describe Schultz’s persnality?
A.Cmmitted and generus.B.Sciable and and cnsiderate.D.Determined and creative.解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知，舒尔茨的成功源于他的创新和坚持，所以坚定和创新是对舒尔茨性格的最佳描述。
6.Why did the Starbucks wners refuse t serve cffee in the stres?
A.Many cffee bars had existed in preferred tasting cffee at was insufficient in the tried t avid high cst f labr frce.解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But when he came back t benefits were their primary mtivatr.”可知，星巴克的老板拒绝在店里供应咖啡，因为他们试图避免高昂的劳动力成本。
7.What des Schultz think cntributes t his success?
A.Learning frm smarter peple.B.Sticking t his wn cre his business a secret.D.Remembering a set f principles.解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的最后一句可知，舒尔茨认为，坚持自己的核心价值观是他成功的原因。
Fr the past three decades，Richard Sears，71，has been fcused n ne thing：telling the stries behind Chinese characters.His interest in Chinese language and characters ges back t 1972，when he was a 22－year－ld physics majr at Prtland State University in Oregn.“I realized nly 7 percent f the wrld speak English as a mther tngue.S，I wanted t knw what it was like t speak anther language.” By 1990，Sears was already pretty fluent in Chinese，but he did nt knw hw t read.T Sears，the characters were cmplex with many strkes and almst n apparent lgic.
“I’m a physicist，s I dn’t like blind memrizatin in learning languages.I knew that Chinese characters came frm pictgraphs(象形文字) and I wanted t knw the stries behind the Chinese characters.” As he studied，Sears realized quickly that many f the explanatins culd nt pssibly be true.In rder t pick ut the gd nes，he decided t cmputerize the characters.He scanned abut 96，000 ancient characters.
The database f ancient characters came int being，but he wanted t explain the step－by－step evlvement f these characters frm the riginal pictgraphs t the mdern simplified frms.He finally gt his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymlgy(词源)，where visitrs can check fr free the evlvement f Chinese characters in varius frms.Between 2002 and 2011，the website wuld get 11，000 r 15，000 hits a day.Suddenly，in January 2011，clicks t the website went up t 600，000 in ne day.Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi，a nickname given by Chinese netizens，after ne f them shared his website n Chinese scial media.
In additin t the website，in September last year，Sears set up his studi，fcusing n applying AR，animatin and artificial intelligence t telling stries f Chinese culture and character rigins，in Nanjing as part f the lcal authrity’s plan t cultivate talent in the culture sectr.“They have bth entertainment value fr yung Chinese and educatinal value and can teach the rigins f Chinese characters，” he says.“We als want t make vides with a high educatinal value fr ther platfrms bth fr Chinese and freign learners f Chinese characters.”【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍71岁的理查德·西尔斯专注于研究汉字背后的故事。
8.What d we knw abut Richard Sears?
A.He learned Chinese t imprve his has made an explratin int Chinese was fluent in reading Chinese frm the was cncerned abut the spread f his mther tngue.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fr the past three the stries behind Chinese characters.”和第二段中的“T Sears，the characters were cmplex with many strkes and almst n apparent lgic.”可知，理查德·西尔斯对汉字进行了探索。
9.What des the underlined wrd “nes” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Explanatins. D.Languages.解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词前句“As he studied，Sears realized quickly that many f the explanatins culd nt pssibly be true.”可知，为了挑选出好的解释，他决定将这些汉字电脑化。所以nes指代前句中的“explanatins(解释)”。
10.What can be inferred abut Sears’ website?
A.It has made a big prfit frm netizens visiting gained ppularity shrtly after being fcuses n the simplificatin f Chinese brings the evlvement f Chinese characters t the public.解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He finally gt his website up in the evlvement f Chinese characters in varius frms.”可推断，西尔斯的网站把汉字的演变带给了大众。
11.Which f the fllwing can best describe Richard Sears?
A.Enthusiastic and devted.B.Wise but and humrus.D.Generus but stubbrn.解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Fr the past three the stries behind Chinese characters.”和第四段中的“He finally gt his website up in the evlvement f Chinese characters in varius frms.”可知，理查德·西尔斯一直专注于讲述汉字背后的故事并让访问者免费查看各种形式的汉字的演变，从而推断说明他对汉字的研究富有热情且乐于奉献。
(2024·浙江四校5月联考)As much as 80 percent f premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle chices. 1 But thers may nt have crssed yur mind.“A small change in yur everyday rutine can ptentially have a big impact in the lng run，” says preventive cardilgist Dr.Beth Abramsn.
·Get eight hurs f sleep.“When yu’re nt rested, everything that happens in yur life is a lt mre stressful，” says Dr.Arya Sharma, a prfessr f medicine at the University f Alberta.If we’re sleep deprived, ur bdies als have mre difficulty cntrlling bld pressure, inflammatin and glucse levels. 2 · 3 Ding gd fr thers helps yur self－esteem and relieves stress.Research published in Psychsmatic Medicine in 2016 shwed that a feeling f purpse in life is linked t a lwer likelihd f heart attack and strke.“We knw that lneliness is a risk factr fr heart health，” adds Sharma.“Vlunteering gets yu ut f the huse and creates a scial netwrk.”
·Avid plluted air.Expsure t this kind f pllutin ver time raises yur risk f heart disease.Inhaling cntaminants frmed frm chemicals like Sulphur(硫) dixide, carbn and nitrgen xides may irritate arteries(动脉) and increase inflammatin. 4 Try t get yur utdr exercise far away frm highways and industrial districts, and spend mre time indrs when the air quality index is pr.
·Eat breakfast.A recent study in the Jurnal f the American Cllege f Cardilgy fund that healthy peple wh skipped breakfast were almst three times mre likely t have heart disease six years later than thse wh partk in a substantial mrning meal.Accrding t Abramsn, yu need t eat a balanced diet as part f a healthy lifestyle. 5 If yu’re eating a prper breakfast, yu’re less likely t be hungry later and make pr fd chices.
A.Be scial and in vluntary are physilgical effects f this cnditin n the factrs can all have an impact n cardivascular(心血管的) whle－grain, lw－fat breakfast fds and include strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well shrt perids f expsure are unhealthy fr peple with ther health risks.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了通过做出特定的生活方式选择，多达80%的早发性心脏病是可以预防的。1.F [设空前讲了通过做出特定的生活方式选择，多达80%的早发性心脏病是可以预防的。因此，设空中应提到一些众所周知的策略。F选项中Sme strategies...与设空后的“thers may nt have crssed yur mind”形成对比。F选项“Sme strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well knwn.”符合要求。]2.D [设空前讲了如果我们缺乏睡眠，我们的身体在控制血压、炎症和血糖水平方面会更加困难。D选项“These factrs can all have an impact n cardivascular(心血管的) health.”与前句呼应。]
3.B [设空考查小标题。根据设空后提到的“Ding gd fr thers”及“Vlunteering gets yu ut f the huse”可知，B选项“Engage in vluntary wrk.”与它们相呼应。]4.G [设空前讲了长时间暴露于这种污染会增加心脏病的风险。设空后提到尽量远离高速公路和工业区进行户外锻炼，并在空气质量指数较差时多待在室内。G选项“Even shrt perids f expsure are unhealthy fr peple with ther health risks.”与后句呼应。]5.E [设空前讲了根据Abramsn的说法，你需要吃均衡的饮食作为健康生活方式的一部分。设空后提到如果你吃了合适的早餐，你不太可能在后来感到饥饿并做出糟糕的食物选择。E选项“Chse whle－grain, lw－fat breakfast fds and include fruit.”与后句相呼应。]