话题27　科技发展与信息技术创新【高考英语】一轮复习：话题高考题型练(课件+练习)

这是一份话题27　科技发展与信息技术创新【高考英语】一轮复习：话题高考题型练(课件+练习)，文件包含2025届人教版2019高中英语一轮话题复习高考题型练课件话题27科技发展与信息技术创新pptx、2025届人教版2019高中英语一轮话题复习高考题型练话题27科技发展与信息技术创新教师版DOCX、2025届人教版2019高中英语一轮话题复习高考题型练话题27科技发展与信息技术创新学生版DOCX等3份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
In the past，vide cnference technlgy was mainly used fr just a few elements f business meetings r hanguts with friends and family.Nw，vide cnference tls are essential fr ur prductivity，learning and scial interactin.We use them nt nly fr fun，but mainly as a meaningful part f ur wrk.Hwever，nce we start t jin endless vide calls fr a few hurs each day，we becme very tired.This term is called “zm fatigue”，and it’s related t verusing virtual cmmunicatin platfrms.
There are sme advantages f using vide cnferencing tls.Withut them，it might be impssible fr us t wrk frm hme.But what we haven’t expected is a price that we need t pay fr that srt f cnvenience.When we are having a face－t－face cnversatin with thers，everything seems pretty natural.While speaking，yu lk int the eyes，smetimes slightly mving yur stare nt smething else.Yu knw when t stp talking and when t speak up.Even if yu’re in a cnference rm with 10 peple，yu dn’t have a terrible feeling f being bserved all the time.Yu ntice that peple mstly lk at the persn wh is speaking，and then they mve their attentin nt smene else.But when yu use a telecnferencing tl，things are different.Being physically n camera makes yu very aware f being watched all the time，because yu dn’t knw wh is lking at yu.Yu just see many faces n yur screen.
Marissa Shuffler frm Clemsn University nce said，“When yu’re n a vide cnference，yu knw everybdy’s lking at yu；yu are n stage，s there cmes the scial pressure—a feeling like yu need t perfrm.Being perfrmative is stressful.”Mrever，there is anther interesting tendency as far as vide calls are cncerned.Wh are yu lking at mst f the time？The answer is yurself.Fr mst peple，it’s hard nt t lk at their wn face if they can see it n the screen.We are likely t make sure that ur head is at the right angle and that ur shirt isn’t creased.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了视频会议技术给我们带来了便利，但与此同时也带给我们一些意料之外的负面影响。
1.What is the s－called “zm fatigue”？
A.The fast pace f ur mdern caused by t many vide wide spread f vide assciated with verusing nline platfrms.解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“This term is called ‘zm fatigue’，and it’s related t verusing virtual cmmunicatin platfrms.”可知，“zm fatigue”是指过度使用在线平台而引起的疲劳。
2.What can vide calls bring us when cmpared with face－t－face cnversatins?
A.Higher cst. B.Mre free time. D.Better perfrmance.解析 推理判断题。结合第四段对面对面交谈的阐述及其与视频通话的对比和第五段中的“yu are n perfrmative is stressful.”可推知，视频通话会给人带来更大的压力。
3.Why d we lk at urselves mst f the time n the screen?
A.T be well－behaved.B.T get sme grw self－cnfidence.D.T attract thers’ attentin.解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，人们在屏幕上关注自己是想确认自己表现良好，呈现出最佳的状态。
4.What is the text mainly abut?
A.The ppularity f vide ’s attitude twards vide unfreseen effects f vide in peple’s way f cmmunicatin.解析 文章大意题。根据第三段最后一句并结合后文内容可知，本文主要讲述视频通话技术在给人们带来便捷的同时，也带来了一些始料不及的负面影响。
Yu imprve yur rbt’s sftware by imprving its sftware.Agrim Gupta f Stanfrd University，hwever，begs t differ.He thinks yu can als imprve a rbt’s sftware by imprving its hardware.He and his clleagues have invented a way f testing this idea.They brught t their rbts，unimals，the principles f evlutin (进化) by natural selectin.Unimals，with glbes fr heads and sticks fr arms and legs，are sftware beings interacting with a virtual envirnment.The envirnments where they wandered were in three varieties：flat grunds，grunds with hills and steps，and nes that had the cmplexities f the secnd srt，but with added bjects.
T begin with，the unimals were randmly assigned varius shapes，but with identical sftware—derl.Newly created unimals learned t face the challenges in a virtual btcamp.They were then entered int turnaments in grups.Each grup winner was awarded ne mutatin (变异)—ne extra arm r leg，r ne extra turning in a jint.The new replaced the ldest unimal and then was assigned t a new grup，and the prcess repeated.Abut 4，000 varieties f them underwent training.The team were surprised by the diversity f shapes that evlved.Crucially，thugh，the researchers fund the mst successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their ldest ancestrs had taken，and that thse evlving in the tughest grunds were the mst successful.
In this evlutin f unimals’ mrphlgy (形态) t prmte the ability t learn，Dr Gupta sees a versin f smething called the Baldwin effect.In 1896 James Baldwin，a psychlgist，argued that minds evlve t make the best use f the mrphlgies f the bdies.What Dr Gupta has shwn，thugh in sftware，is that the ppsite can als be true—changes in bdy mrphlgy can imprve the way minds wrk.Even thugh he held the sftware cnstant，it became mre efficient at learning as the unimals’ bdies evlved.
Whether that discvery can be turned t accunt in the way rbts are develped remains t be seen.But the way f testing is certainly an ut－f－the－bx idea.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲了人们通过改进机器人的软件来改进它的软设备。然而，斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔却不这么认为。他认为还可以通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件。
5.Hw was the test cnducted?
A.By prmting unimals’ learning.B.By adjusting the prving the evlutin thery.D.By stimulating unimals’ mutatin.解析 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，通过调整环境，来进行试验。
6.What turned ut t be surprising in the test?
A.The number f trained decline in time fr learning variety f evlved replacement f ld unimals.解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The team were surprised by the diversity f shapes that evlved.”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。
7.What can be cncluded frm the test?
A.Mind evlutin affects bdy changes better mind changes d nt impact discvery is useful in rbt develpment.解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“What Dr Gupta has imprve the way minds wrk.”可推知，身体的变化使大脑工作得更好。
8.What’s the authr’s attitude t the finding?
A.Negative. D.Apprving.解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。
Hell，Mr.Wi－Fi.Life withut yu is next t impssible.We’re happy t sing yur name frm mrning till evening，smetimes till dawn. 1 I knw yu help me，smetimes yu’re making me d things with 2 attentin.Many times I prmise myself that I’ll 3 my feelings twards yu，but yu’re 4 me clser and ’ve entered bth my hme and my wrkplace.Yu’re just a windw fr ur 5 and infrmatin.But we peple aren’t 6 nly with the windw.S we pen all ur drs fr yu.Is this a(n) 7 r sme kind f attachment？If this is an illness，is it curable？And if this is an attachment，will yu 8 me the lifelng tgetherness?
We want yu all days.Can’t yu take a few days ff s that bth yu and I can 9 ？Yu’re a pisn—nt a slw ne but a super－fast pisn which hlds ur mind and makes us dance 10 yur tune.Nwadays yu’re s 11 that anyne can buy and make yu becme ur cmpanin.Yu’ll never be bthered abut ur health but we’ll 12 be cncerned abut yur“health”.Because yu accmpany us everywhere and never let us be alne.
If yu were a 13 persn made f flesh and bld，wuld we lve yu the same？Yu cntrl us with yur numerus talents and we even can’t get rid f yu.We all are yur 14 .Smetimes I wnder hw peple in the previus generatins 15 ，but if they did，why can’t we?【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章以拟人手法描述了Wi－Fi无处不在，它在给人们带来帮助的同时，也分散了人们的注意力。人们对它欲罢不能，又爱又恨。
that B.Only ifC.Thugh D.When解析 根据语境并结合常识可推知，此处表示尽管作者知道Wi－Fi帮助了自己,但是有时候它分散了作者的注意力。 B.increasedC.fcused D.divided解析 参见上题解析。
n B.bring backC.apprve D.give up解析 keep n继续进行；bring back带回；使恢复；apprve同意；赞成；give up放弃。根据下文的“but yu’re me clser and clser...”可推知，很多次作者想戒网，但最终却事与愿违。 B.pushingC.frcing D.bserving解析 draw吸引；push推；frce强迫；bserve遵守；观察。根据空后的“clser and ’ve entered bth my hme and my wrkplace”可推知，Wi－Fi离作者越来越近了，它进入了作者的家和工作场所。
B.argumentC.expansin D.struggle解析 entertainment娱乐；argument争论；expansin扩张，扩大；struggle斗争；奋斗。根据空后的“and infrmatin”并结合选项和常识可推知，此处表示Wi－Fi只是一个娱乐和信息的窗口。 B.satisfiedC.generus D.busy解析 strict严格的；satisfied满意的；generus慷慨大方的；busy繁忙的。根据下文的“S we pen all ur drs fr yu”可推知，人们对Wi－Fi的窗口作用并不满足，于是为Wi－Fi打开了所有的门。
B.inspiratinC.rutine D.situatin解析 inspiratin灵感；妙计；rutine日常工作；惯例。根据下文的“If this is an illness”可推知，作者疑惑这种行为是否是一种病。 B.instructC.prmise D.adapt解析 recmmend推荐；instruct指示;指导;prmise答应；允诺；adapt适应；改编。根据语境并结合选项可推知，此处表示如果这是一种依恋，Wi－Fi是否会“承诺”和作者一辈子在一起。
B.relaxC.prgress D.balance解析 persist坚持；持续；relax放松；prgress进行，进展；balance平衡。根据上文“We want yu all days.Can’t yu take a few days ff”可推知，作者觉得和Wi－Fi联系太紧密了，因此想让Wi－Fi离开几天，彼此都放松一下。 B.againstC.frm D.within解析 dance t sb’s tune是固定搭配，意为“听从某人的指挥，唯命是从，言听计从”。
B.valuableC.cnventinal D.attractive解析 affrdable付得起的；valuable值钱的;有价值的；cnventinal传统的。根据空后的“anyne can buy”可推知，现如今任何人都负担得起Wi－Fi。 B.alwaysC.never D.seldm解析 but与句中的never形成对比，Wi－Fi从来不担心我们的健康，但我们将一直担心Wi－Fi的“健康”。
B.dishnestC.respnsible D.real解析 selfish自私的；dishnest不诚实的；respnsible负责的；real真实的。根据空后的“made f flesh and bld”可推知，此处表示假如Wi－Fi是一个有血有肉的真人的话，我们是否会同样地喜欢它。 B.slavesC.clleagues D.emplyers解析 根据空前一句“Yu cntrl us with yur numerus talents and we even can’t get rid f yu.”并结合选项可推知，Wi－Fi控制了我们，因此我们都是Wi－Fi的奴隶。
B.cnnectedC.survived D.surfed解析 suffer受难；cnnect连接；survive幸存；surf冲浪。根据上文的“we even can’t get rid f yu”可知，我们无法摆脱Wi－Fi，因此作者很困惑以前的人没有Wi－Fi是如何活下来的。
(2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)A small device，Mxie，has prduced xygen n the surface f Mars，1. (bring) the chances f surviving n the red planet a step clser.Research published in 2. jurnal Science Advances reprted that Mxie prduced breathable xygen in seven－hur－lng tests cnducted in varius weather and atmspheric(大气的) cnditins last year.The research als fund that even in extreme 3. (temperature) and after a Martian dust strm，Mxie 4. (cntinue) t prduce high－purity xygen.
“This is the first demnstratin f actually using resurces n the surface f Mars and transfrming 5. (they) chemically int smething useful fr a human missin，” Jeffrey Hffman，a 6. (retire) astrnaut，said.“The thin atmsphere n Mars is 96 percent carbn dixide and much mre 7. (change) than n Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，” Hffman said.“One aim is t shw we can run Mxie in all seasns.”The device，Mxie，uses sme special pumps，8. suck in carbn dixide.The gas 9. (heat) t 800 ℃ and pressed t separate the carbn and xygen.Carbn mnxide is sent ut as waste while the pure xygen is left behind.
Despite the challenges，Mxie has prved durable in the extreme cnditins n Mars and scientists regard the test results 10. a great achievement.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种名为Mxie的小型装置是如何在火星的极端温度下产生氧气的。科学家们认为这是一项伟大的成就。
1.bringing [考查非谓语动词。句意：一种名为Mxie的小型设备在火星表面产生了氧气，使人类在这颗红色星球上生存的机会又近了一步。根据句意和所给动词bring分析句子可知，空格处应该填入bring的非谓语形式作状语，因为动词bring和前面的句子是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应该用现在分词bringing作状语。故填bringing。]2.the [考查冠词。句意：发表在《科学进展》杂志上的研究报告称，去年在各种天气和大气条件下进行的长达7小时的测试中，Mxie产生了可呼吸的氧气。根据下文的Science Advances可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指Science Advances这一杂志。故填the。]
3.temperatures [考查名词的数。句意：研究还发现，即使在极端温度和火星沙尘暴之后，Mxie也能继续产生高纯度的氧气。根据句意和所给可数名词temperature可知，极端温度不会是一种温度，所以此处应该用temperature的复数形式temperatures。故填temperatures。]4.cntinued [考查时态。根据所给动词cntinue分析句子可知，空格处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语部分，由主句的时态是一般过去时可知，that引导的宾语从句的时态也应该是一般过去时。故填cntinued。]5.them [考查代词。根据所给代词they以及空格前的动词transfrming分析句子可知，空格处应该填入代词they的宾格形式them，作动词transfrming的宾语。故填them。]
6.retired [考查词性转换。根据所给动词retire以及空格后的名词astrnaut分析句子可知，空格处应该填入retire的形容词形式retired作定语，修饰后面的astrnaut。故填retired。]7.changeable [考查词性转换。根据所给动词change以及句中的is分析句子可知，空格处应该填入change的形容词形式changeable作表语。故填changeable。]8.which [考查定语从句。空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词pumps进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替先行词pumps在从句中作主语，应该用which。故填which。]
9.is heated [考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据所给动词heat并分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由上下文的句子是一般现在时可知，该句子应该用一般现在时；主语The gas和动词heat之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；主语The gas是单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填is heated。]10.as [考查介词。根据句中的动词regard以及空格后的a great achievement可知，空格处应该填入介词as和动词regard搭配：(把……认作……)。故填as。]