话题34　自然灾害与防范【高考英语】一轮复习：话题高考题型练(课件+练习)

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Science and Technlgy Camp·Full－day camp fr students aged 12－14·Fur－week prgram July 5－30 | Mnday—Friday, 9 am t 4 pmWeek 1 | July 5－9Week 2 | July 12－16Week 3 | July 19－23Week 4 | July 26－30·Registratin begins June 1，2024—register fr minimum tw weeks.·Fees: $75 registratin fee.$795 per week.Full payment must be made at the time f registratin.·The deadline fr the cancellatin t receive a full refund is June 15, 2024.
Camp StructureCamp days are cmprised f eight sessins with tw sessins per day while the final day f the week is reserved fr verviews and reflectin.The mrning sessins begin at 9 am and end at 12 nn, fllwed by ne hur fr lunch.(Campers shuld bring their lunches.) Afternn sessins are scheduled frm 1 pm t 4 pm with 15－minute breaks midway thrugh each sessin.Snacks are prvided at break time.(Fd allergies shuld be reprted at the time f registratin.)Camp CntentScience and Technlgy camp abve all emphasizes entertainment while teaching students abut hw websites are designed using varius cding languages, rcket design, practical applicatins f math and physics, and hw t build yur wn hydraulic system.
Camp PersnnelThe camp is headed by the husband－and－wife team f Dctrs James and Sphie Clark wh are experts in the fields f cmputer science and mechanical engineering.Our missin is t make sure everyne feels fully supprted and excited t be here.【语篇解读】　本文是应用文，是一则科技夏令营广告。
1.What is the lwest cst f attending the Science and Technlgy camp?
A.$75. B.$795.C.$1，590. D.$1，665.解析 数字计算题。根据文中的“Registratin begins June 1，2024—register fr minimum tw weeks.Fees：$75 registratin fee.$795 per week”可知，参加夏令营最少要两周，所以最低的费用为75＋795×2＝1 665(美元)。
2.What is the main emphasis f Science and Technlgy camp?
A.Rcket science.B.Fun in languages.D.Hands-n experiences.解析 细节理解题。根据“Camp Cntent”部分中的“Science and Technlgy camp abve all emphasizes hw t build yur wn hydraulic system”可知，该夏令营强调寓教于乐。
3.Wh are the camp leaders?
A.Mechanical engineers.B.Medical dctrs.C.A married cuple.D.Cmputer technicians.解析 细节理解题。根据“Camp Persnnel”部分中的“The camp is headed by the husband－and－wife team f Dctrs James and Sphie Clark”可知，这个夏令营是由一对夫妇负责的，故C项正确。head在此作动词，意为“领导，主管”。
(2024·四川成都七中模拟预测)There are peple fr whm the mtivatin lies in their family r cmpanins’ duties.Fr sme peple，the purpse lies in a sul’s spiritual awakening.Brent Claytn，a firefighter by prfessin，is ne such individual wh fund his purpse early in life and kept wrking t fulfill it.Brn n March 3，1984，Claytn hugely felt the need t serve thers.He fllwed his missin in life and acquired his diplma in Public Safety.He gradually realized the imprtance f securing peple’s lives，which strengthened his faith in his missin.Claytn further pursued his bachelr’s degree frm The University f Melburne and master’s degree frm Federatin University.Then，Claytn wrked in the military fr a perid befre mving int a rle with the prisn service as a prisn guard，the yungest persn t ever be emplyed by the service at the time.
After spending a decade in the fire service including training and recruitment (招募)，he gained enugh experience t becme Australia’s mst prminent fire service recruitment expert.Claytn devted many years f his life t the firefighter recruitment prcess and fire service industry.He wanted peple t realize the true value f this prfessin by establishing its significance.T cmmunicate his perspective，Claytn established Fire Recruitment Australia in 2009.He aimed t train the next generatin and prepare them fr the future.Claytn used his experience and years－lng training t prepare candidates wh were as enthusiastic abut the well－being f the wrld as him.
Keeping the pint in mind，Claytn wrte the bk Fire Service Recruitment—the Prcess t Success.His idea was t jin his learning int an accessible medium s thers didn’t have t waste years wndering what t d when applying t becme a firefighter.After the success f the bk，Claytn intrduced candidates t a cmprehensive test preparatin and learning suite t facilitate (促进) success thrughut each stage f the selectin prcess.This platfrm helped him as well as his candidates t wrk tgether fr the betterment f themselves and ultimately sciety at large.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了职业消防员布伦特·克莱顿认识到人们安全的重要性，花了多年时间投入消防员招募过程和消防服务行业，他的目标是培养下一代，为未来做好准备。
4.What made Claytn’s belief strnger?
A.The military supprt f his significance f peple’s knwledge he learned frm cllege.解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He gradually realized the imprtance f securing peple’s lives，which strengthened his faith in his missin.”可知，是人们安全的重要性让克莱顿的信念更加坚定。
5.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “prminent” in paragraph 3?
A.Stubbrn. B.Fearless.C.Outstanding. D.Energetic.解析 词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“After spending a decade in the fire service including training and recruitment (招募)，”以及后文“Claytn devted many years f his life t the firefighter recruitment prcess and fire service industry.”可推知，克莱顿在消防员招聘过程和消防服务行业投入了多年时间，所以经过10年的消防培训和招聘工作，他积累了足够的经验，成为澳大利亚最杰出的消防招聘专家。故可猜测画线单词prminent为“杰出的”意思，与utstanding “杰出的”意思一致。
6.Why did Claytn set up Fire Recruitment Australia?
A.Because he culd earn a gd he wanted t jin his learning int an accessible he wanted t realize his dream f being a firefighter he hped t get yung peple ready fr their future career.解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“T cmmunicate his prepare them fr the future.”可知，克莱顿成立澳大利亚消防招聘公司是因为他希望年轻人为未来的职业生涯做好准备。
7.What is the best title fr the text?
A.A Man with Great PurpseB.A Bk fr Career SuccessC.An Organizatin fr Well－beingD.A Standard fr Firefighters解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段“There are peple fr whm the mtivatin lies in their fund his purpse early in life and kept wrking t fulfill it.”并结合文章主要讲述了职业消防员布伦特·克莱顿认识到人们安全的重要性，花了多年时间投入消防员招募过程和消防服务行业，他的目标是培养下一代，为未来做好准备，故可知A选项“一个有伟大目标的人”最符合文章标题。
(2024·山东青岛统考三模)By 2050，68% f the glbal ppulatin will live in cities.That’s 2.5 billin mre peple than tday.In Eurpe，three ut f fur f us already live in urban areas，and the cnsequences f that are becming clear.Researchers estimate that nine millin peple die every year as a direct result f air pllutin.As ur cities grw and mre peple mve int already crwded spaces，what d we need t d t transfrm ur urban areas int healthy places t live? An increasing bdy f research tells us that we shuld be letting nature back in.
Green spaces in cities mitigate the effects f pllutin and can reduce a phenmenn knwn as the urban heat island effect，which refers t heat trapped in built－up areas.The effect appears in twns and cities where the heat generated by peple，transprt and industry is trapped in the narrw rads and cncrete structures，unable t escape t the atmsphere.This can bring the temperature in urban areas up 3－4 ℃ higher than the surrunding cuntryside，and with that cmes a severe cycle.Increased temperatures in summer lead t an increased demand fr cling.This expands ur energy cnsumptin，which in turn build up fssil fuel cnsumptin，increasing pllutants in the air and harmful smg n ur streets.
Planning cities t include green spaces wherever pssible is the first step in making ur urban areas healthier.Fr example，adding a layer f vegetatin t rftps and creating green rfs has prven t reduce the urban heat island effect.Trees in ur streets als play their part，and a variety f tree species can have a prfund effect.Simply having access t green spaces in cities can d wnders fr ur stress levels and cncentratin at wrk.“Peple need t interact with nature whenever the pprtunity arises.Smething as simple as a five－t－ten－minute break during the wrkday can imprve well－being and bst prductivity，” Cecil，an expert studying nature in cities says.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的空气污染问题日益严重，因此有必要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康水平。同时，让自然回归可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。
8.Hw des the authr bring in the tpic in Paragraph 1?
A.By presenting facts.B.By listing cmparing numbers.D.By questining an estimate.解析 写作手法题。根据第一段中“By 2050，68% f the glbal ppulatin will live in cities.That’s 2.5 billin mre peple than a direct result f air pllutin.”可知，作者先呈现了城市人口大幅增长，直接死于空气污染的人数量巨大的事实，然后引入了文章的话题。由此可知，作者通过展现事实的方式引入话题。
9.What des the underlined wrd “mitigate” mean in Paragraph 2?
A.Overcme. D.Shift.解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“ transfrm ur urban areas int healthy places t live？ shuld be letting nature back in.”和第二段第一句“Green spaces in cities mitigate the effects f pllutin and can reduce a built－up areas.”可知，在城市中让自然回归有助于改善城市的健康，因此城市中的绿地应该可以缓解污染和城市热岛效应。由此可知，mitigate意为“缓解，减轻”，与ease意思一致。
10.What might be a cnsequence f the urban heat island effect?
A.Lwer temperature. B.Energy shrtage. D.Air pllutin.解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This expands ur energy pllutants in the air and harmful smg n ur streets.”可知，城市热岛效应会形成恶性循环，加重城市的空气污染。
11.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A.Hw t Let Nature Back InB.Why We Need Green Spaces in CitiesC.Heat Effect：An Unavidable Urban TrubleD.Green Rfs：Tiny Urban Frests解析 标题归纳题。通读全文特别是第一段的“As ur cities grw and mre peple mve int already crwded shuld be letting nature back in.”可知，文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的空气污染问题日益严重，因此有必要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康水平。同时，让自然回归可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。因此，文章主要介绍的是在城市中引入自然的好处，B项“我们为什么需要城市绿地”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。
(2024·河北1月质检)We usually divide a year int fur seasns.Hwever，in Traditinal Chinese Medicine (TCM) thery，there are five seasns—spring，summer，late summer，fall，and winter.Each f the five has many features which guide us t change ur habits t keep the balance between ur bdy and the external envirnment.Winter in TCMThe ancient Chinese believed that winter is the Yin seasn in nature. 1 S，winter is the time f year t reflect n health，save strength and regain energy，preparing urselves fr the start f new life in the spring.
Activities in winterIn TCM thery，winter is a seasn t feed urselves bth spiritually and physically. 2 Fr example，we can d mre writing，reading and ther sul－nurishing(滋养灵魂的) activities.Althugh energetic exercise shuld be avided，it’s imprtant t keep ur bdy healthy with gentle exercise，especially utdr activities，in which we can get fresh air and sunlight.In additin，we shuld als g t bed earlier t save mre energy. 3
Fds fr winterThe principle f harmny between what we eat and the seasn is based n hundreds f years f experience in TCM.It suggests that we embrace lcally－grwn and seasnable fds，which is the way nature intends us t eat. 4 Mst f them naturally grw in this seasn—pumpkins，ptates，rt vegetables，winter greens，carrts，cabbage，mushrms，and pears.Besides，ht sup，whle grains and rasted nuts als ffer nurishment t feed the bdy in cld winter mnths.But always remember，mderatin in all things is imprtant.
Mds in winterAccrding t TCM thery，stress，depressin and unreslved anger can als weaken ur immune (免疫的) system，allwing external factrs t affect ur bdy in winter. 5 Meditatin (冥想) and breathing techniques are particularly helpful，especially in relieving stress.
A.Peple’s md varies with the in the seasn have a turn ff－seasn fd is nt gd fr human is inactive，cld and dark，which makes us slw the winter，there are many fds beneficial t can enjy winter if they live and exercise ，keeping a gd feeling is especially imprtant in this cld seasn.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍“冬季养生法”，助你更好地度过冬天！1.D [根据此空前面一句“中国古人认为冬天在自然界中属阴。”和后一句 “因此，冬季是一年中反思健康、保存体力和恢复能量的时候，为春天新生活的开始做好准备。”的提示可知，D选项“它是不活跃的、寒冷和黑暗的，这使我们慢下来。”使得上下文语意连贯。]2.B [根据此空前一句“在中医理论中，冬天是一个在精神上和身体上都滋养我们的季节。”和后一句 “例如，我们可以多做写作、阅读和其他滋养灵魂的活动。”的提示可知，空处应指出冬季活动大多为精神层面的特点，故答案为B “ 这个季节的活动有一个向内的趋势。”]
3.F [此空是这一段的总结，根据本段的内容和关键词activities可知此空选F “每个人都可以享受冬天，如果他们生活和锻炼得当。”]4.E [根据此空后一句 “大多数蔬菜都是在这个季节自然生长的——南瓜、土豆、块根类蔬菜、冬季青菜、胡萝卜、卷心菜、蘑菇和梨。”的提示可知此空选E “在冬天，有许多食物对我们有益。”]5.G [根据本段的关键词“Mds”以及后一句 “Meditatin(冥想) and breathing techniques are particularly helpful” 可知答案为G “所以，在这个寒冷的季节，保持良好的心情显得尤为重要。”。]