【寒假衔接讲义】人教版 初中英语 七年级上册 知识讲义 专题04 名词和There be 句型（教师版+学生版）

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名词
考点一 名词的数
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指能用数目来计算，表示可以分成个体的人或事物的名词，有单、复数两种形式。
名词复数形式的规则变化：
名词复数形式的不规则变化：
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，表示不可以分成个体的物质或抽象概念的名词。如果想要表达“量”的变化，在前面可以加上一些表示数量的短语。如: a glass f warm water一杯温水; tw cups f cffee 两杯咖啡; sme milk 一些牛奶。
常见的不可数名词有：
【考点再现】单项选择。
( )1. Hw many ________ wuld yu like?
A. pear B. bread C. milk D. pencils
( )2. There are 34 ________ dctrs in the hspital.
A. wman B. wmen C. wman's D. wmen's
( )3. My father has ________ fr breakfast.
A. tw piece f bread B. tw pieces f bread
C. tw piece f breads D. tw pieces f breads
考点二 名词所有格
名词所有格是指名词中表示所属关系的形式。名词所有格有两种形式：一种是以“’s”结尾，多用来修饰有生命的东西；另一种是由 f构成，即在介词 f 后面加名词，多用来修饰没有生命的东西。
名词后面加上“’s”或“’”
二、f所有格
表示无生命东西的所有格，一般由名词与f构成短语。如:a pht f my family我家的一张全家福;the clur f the skirt 这条短裙的颜色。
名词所有格口诀
一般名词后加’s，这种情况最常见。
两者共有添后边，各有各添记心间。
复数名词有s，后面只把’来添。
名词若是无生命， f结构来相连。
注意点：有时我们可以用“名词+f+名词所有格”
构成双重所有格形式。如: sme pictures f Jack’s 杰克的一些图片。
【考点再现】
1．These are ________ chairs.
A．Tim and Tm’sB．Tim’s and Tm’sC．Tim’s and Tm
2．What’s ________ favurite clur?
A．yur mtherB．yur mther’sC．yurs mther
3．—Dad, is this ________ vlleyball?
—N, ________ is in that bx.
A．Bill; hisB．Bill’s; hisC．Bill; he
There be 句型
There be句型表示某处存在某物/某人。
如：There is a bk n the desk.
↓ ↓
某物 某处
翻译：书桌上有一本书。
考点一 There be句型结构
There is+a/an 可数名词单数+地点状语.
There is an apple n the tree. 树上有一个苹果。
There is a map n the wall. 墙上有一张地图。
There are+可数名词复数+地点状语.
There are fur apples n the tree. 树上有四个苹果。
There are sme flwers in the park. 公园里有许多花。
There is + 不可数名词 +地点状语.
There is sme water in the bttle.瓶子里有一些水。
(水是不可数名词,即使有sme, be动词也是单数)
【考点再现】单项选择。
( ) 1. There ________sme water in the bttle.
A. isB. areC. haveD. be
( ) 2. There ________a pencil and many pens in Tm's schlbag.
A. isB. areC. haveD. be
考点二 There be 句型的否定形式
例1：There is a bk n the desk.(改为否定句)
→There is nt/isn't a bk n the desk.
例2：There are sme bks n the desk.(改为否定句)
→There aren't any bks n the desk.
例3：There are five apples n the tree.(改为否定句)
→There are nt five apples n the tree.
【考点再现】
There ________ any eggs in the fridge. I need t buy sme.
A．areB．aren’tC．haven’tD．isn’t
考点三 There be 句型疑问句及回答
一般疑问句
把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。
当肯定句中有sme时，要改为any(否定变化也一样)。
例如：There is sme water n Mars.(改为一般疑问句)
→Is there any water n Mars?
There are sme fish in the water.(改为一般疑问句)
→Are there any fish in the water?
There be句型的回答
肯定回答：Yes, there is/are.
否定回答: N, there isn’t/aren’t.
特殊疑问句
提问There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：
对主语提问：
①当主语是人时，用“Wh”提问；
②当主语是物时，用“What”。
注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时根据实际情况来决定。
例1：There are many things ver there.(对划线部分进行提问)
→What's ver there?
例2：There is a little girl in the rm.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Wh is in the rm?
对地点提问：提问地点用“Where is/are+主语”。
There is a cmputer n the desk.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Where is the cmputer？
对数量提问：
①Hw many+复数名词+are there+地点短语?
②Hw much+不可数名词+is there+地点短语?
例1：There are tw chairs in the bedrm.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Hw many chairs are there in the bedrm?
There is sme water in the bttle.(对划线部分进行提问)
→Hw much water is there in the bttle?
【考点再现】
—Is there a supermarket arund the ld street?
—________. I ften g shpping there.
A．Yes, there isB．N, there isn’tC．Yes, there areD．N, there aren’t
考点四 There be 句型与have/has的区别
结构不同：
There be + 名词 +其它.
主语 + have/has + 其它.
意义不同
there be侧重表示“存在”
have/has侧重表示“持有/拥有”
两者不可混用
(×) There is have
(×) There have are
试对比以下句子：
There are sme apples in the bx.盒子里有一些苹果。
We have sme apples.我们有一些苹果。
There is a dg under the desk.书桌下有一只狗。
My mther has a dg.我妈妈有一只狗。
【考点再现】
Lk, ___________ many restaurants in frnt f the bank.
A．has .B．have C．there is D．there are
1．We need sme ________ and tw ________.
A．bananas; cup f milk B．bananas; cups f milk C．banana; milkD．banana; milks
2．—I want t write a letter. Can yu give me sme ________, please?
—Sure. Here yu are.
A．penB．paperC．mneyD．nte
3．—Culd yu give me _________ milk, Mum?
—Srry, we nly have ________ in the fridge.
A．any; tw bttles f rangesB．any; tw bttles f range juice
C．sme; tw bttles f ranges juiceD．sme; tw bttles f range juice
4．—May I help yu, sir?
—________, please.
A．Sme beef and tw glass f waterB．Sme beef and tw glass f waters
C．Sme beef and tw glasses f waterD．Sme beef and tw glasses f waters
5．—What can I d fr yu, sir?
—I’d like tw ________. We all like them.
A．bwls f ricesB．bxes f applesC．cartn f milkD．glasses f ranges
6．There is nly a little ________ in the fridge. That’s nt enugh fr breakfast.
A．appleB．milkC．eggD．vegetable
7．Hw many ________ d yu want fr yur hamburger?
A．piece f cheeseB．pieces f cheesesC．pieces f cheeseD．piece f cheeses
8．This is Mrs. Green. She is ________ mm.
A．Susan and LilyB．Susan and Lily’s
C．Susan’s and LilyD．Susan’s and Lily’s
9．The red dress n the chair isn’t ________. Her dress is yellw.
A．Lucy’B．LucyC．Lucy’sD．her
10．I played ping-png with a friend f ________.
A．myB．mineC．herD．ur
11．The tw bags aren’t _______. They are _______.
A．urs; Lucy and Lily’sB．ur; Lucy and Lily’s
C．ur; Lucy’s and Lily’sD．urs; Lucy’s and Lily’s
12．This man in red is a friend f _______.
A．my fatherB．my father’sC．my fathers’D．my fathers’s
13．—Is this ________ rm, Bb?
—N. It is ________.
A．yu; Tm and Jim’sB．yur; Tm’s and Jim’sC．yur; Tm and Jim’s
14．—Thse tennis rackets are cl! Whse are they?
—They’re my ______. She plays tennis well.
A．father’sB．sister’sC．brther’sD．grandparents’
15．—Are there any students in the playgrund?
—________. All f them are in the classrm.
A．Yes, there areB．N, there aren’t
C．Yes, they areD．N, they aren’t
16．—Is there a blue pen n yur desk?
—N, ________.
A．it isB．it isn’tC．there isD．there isn’t
17．—What’s in yur bag?
—________ tw bks and a pen.
A．They’reB．There’reC．There have
18．There ________ a freign teacher and sme students talking abut Chinese tea.
A．hasB．haveC．areD．is
19．There ________ a ruler and tw erasers in the pencil case.
A．isB．areC．hasD．have
20．— Will there ________ a ftball match n CCTV5 this evening?
— Yes. There ________ usually ftball matches n Sunday evenings.
A．have; areB．be; areC．are; haveD．be; will be
真题感知
1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father wrks in the plice statin.
A．Eric and Helen’sB．Eric and HelenC．Eric’s and HelenD．Eric’s and Helen’s
2．（2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—What animals did yu see n the farm, Tm?
—I saw sme ________.
A．rabbitB．ducksC．sheeps
3．（2023·湖南郴州·中考真题）My parents tk me t the amusement park n ________ Day. There were s many exciting things t d there.
A．Children’sB．ChildrenC．Child’s
4．（2023·湖南岳阳·中考真题）Yueyang is ne f the tp 10 mst beautiful ________ in China this year.
A．cityB．citiesC．citys
5．（2022·西藏·中考真题）Mre and mre ________ want t learn abut Chinese culture.
A．GermansB．GermanC．GermanyD．Germans’
6．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）Lk! There are sme ________ eating grass n the hill.
A．sheepB．cwC．hrse
7．（2023·广西来宾·中考真题）—There are many ________ abut this farm.
—Yes, lts f ________ are planted n it.
A．pht; ptatB．phts; ptatsC．phts; ptatesD．phtes; ptates
8．（2023·广东清远·中考真题）I’m s hungry. Please give me ________ t eat.
A．three breadsB．three pieces f breads C．three pieces f bread D．three piece f bread
9．（2023·湖南怀化·中考真题）________ rm lks very clean.
A．Bb and Dave’sB．Bb’s and Dave’sC．Bb’s and Dave
10．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）—Hw much hney d we need?
—Let’s see. Tw ________.
A．spns f hneyB．spn f hneysC．spns f hneys
11．（2023·广西百色·中考真题）Uncle Li has a farm, there are sme________ n the farm.
A．chicken and sheepB．chickens and sheeps
C．chickens and sheepD．chicken and sheeps
12．（2023·西藏·中考真题）Walking alng the river, I met a friend f ________.
A．fathersB．father’sC．fatherD．fathers’
13．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）— Wuld yu like sme ________?
— Yes, madam.
A．eggB．juiceC．milk teas
14．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）The ________ is China’s natinal treasure. It’s a kind f cute animal that likes eating bamb.
A．pandaB．tigerC．elephant
15．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—There ________ many ancient Chinese pems in this bk. Which ne d yu like best?
—Climbing a Twer by Wang Zhihuan.
A．areB．isC．wereD．was
16．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Lk! There ________ sme infrmatin abut traffic rules in this bk.
A．isB．areC．was
17．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Oh, n! Yur brther left his umbrella at hme. There ________ heavy rain this afternn.
—Dn’t wrry, Mm. I’ll bring it t him.
A．wasB．has beenC．areD．will be
18．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）Lk! There ________ sme infrmatin abut traffic safety in this bk.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
19．（2023·西藏·中考真题）There ________ a clear lake in my city.
A．beB．amC．isD．are
20．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）There ________ many mdern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help peple travel easily.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
提升专练
1．There is a lt f ________ and three ________ n the table in the kitchen.
A．dumpling; chickenB．ptates; eggplants
C．rice; chickenD．rice; eggplants
2．I saw several (几个) ________ there.
A．fxB．fxesC．fxs
3．There are fur ________ and five ________ in the grup.
A．Japanese; GermanB．Chinese; JapaneseC．Germans; American
4．I want tw ________.
A．cups f teaB．cup f teaC．cups f teas
5．—Hw far (多远) is it frm yur hme t schl?
—It’s nly ten ________ walk.
A．minute’sB．minutesC．minutes’
6．—Why d yu buy s ________?
—Because they’re cheap. Yu shuld get sme t.
A．many tmatesB．much bananasC．many breadD．much salt
7．—________ meat d yu want, Mrs Wilsn?
—Three and a half ________.
A．Hw many; kils B．Hw many; kil C．Hw much; kilsD．Hw much; kil
8．—Gd mrning, Madam. Can I help yu?
—Sure, I’d like ________ fr cking vegetables.
A．tw cups f tea B．three pieces f bread C．five kils f il D．fur bttles f milk
9．Wuld yu like ________?
A．sme range juices B．any ranges juices C．any range juicesD．sme range juice
10．—Daniel, what wuld yu like fr yur supper?
—I’d like t buy sme _______ and tw_______.
A．ptates; kils f beefs B．ptat; kils f beef C．tmates; kils f beefD．tmat; kils f beefs
11．Mr.Black is ________father.
A．Mary and Cindy B．Mary’s and Cindy C．Mary and Cindy’sD．Mary’s and Cindy’s
12．—Dad, is this ________ basketball?
—N, ________ is in that bx.
A．Bill; hisB．Bill’s; hisC．Bill; he
13．—A beautiful farm!
—It’s my ________. And he has many animals n the farm.
A．uncle’sB．unclesC．uncles’
14．These are ________ mthers.
A．Tm’s and Jerry’sB．Tm and Jerry’sC．Tm’s and Jerry
15．There ________ a big park and sme bkshps near my hme.
A．hasB．haveC．isD．are
16．There ______ sme ld huses near my schl last year.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
17．—What’s n the wall?
—________a guitar.
A．It isB．This isC．There is
18．There ________ a cartn festival in Shanghai next Saturday.
A．is ging t haveB．will haveC．haveD．is ging t be
19．Hw many members ______ in yur reading grup?
A．are thereB．there isC．is thereD．there are
20．—Is there a supermarket arund the ld street?
—________. I ften g shpping there.
A．Yes, there isB．N, there isn’tC．Yes, there areD．N, there aren’t
考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
情况
改法
例词
一般情况
加 s
dg→dgs; hen→hens
以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词
加 es
bus→buses; bx→bxes; watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词
变y为 i再加es
baby→babies; family→families
以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词
加s
mnkey→mnkeys; ty→tys
以f 或 fe结尾的名词
变f或fe为 v,再加es
knife→knives; wlf→wlves
以“元音字母+”结尾的名词
加s
z→zs; radi→radis
以“辅音字母+”结尾的(有生命)名词
加 es
tmat→tmates; ptat→ptates
改法
例词
单复数形式相同
deer→deer; sheep→sheep;
fish→fish; Chinese→Chinese;
Japanese→Japanese
改变单词中的元音字母
man→men; wman→wmen;
ft→feet; tth→teeth;
gse→geese
在词尾加上en或者ren
x→xen; child→children
复合名词
主要词改复数
apple tree→apple trees
含man 或wman的,前后都改复数
man teacher→men teachers
完全没有规律可循
muse→mice
液体不可数
water, milk, tea, juice, glue, rain, cffee, sup, il
固体不可数
bread, rice, paper, snw, meat, beef, fd, fruit, salad, salt, cal, wd, plastic
其他抽象名词
news, wind, energy, weather, health, time, hmewrk
思路点拨：例题主要考查可数名词复数形式的变化规则以及不可数名词的形式。
1.由many可知后面必须接名词的复数形式， 需要分清哪些词是可数名词， 哪些词是不可数名词， 以及牢固掌握可数名词复数形式的规则变化和不规则变化。此题中B、C项为不可数名词， A项为可数名词的单数形式， D项为可数名词的复数形式， 故选 D。
2.由数字34 可知后面接名词的复数形式。如果 wman修饰后面的复数名词， 表示其性别， 则前后两个名词都必须用复数形式。wman属于不规则变化， 它的复数形式是 wmen, 故选 B。
3.不可数名词需要计量时，可以用“数词或冠词+计量名词+ f + 不可数名词”的结构来表达， 量词可以是单数也可以是复数， 但f后的名词需要用原形。bread是不可数名词, 用a piece f修饰, 变为复数时, 改数词和量词, 其余不变, 故选 B。
答案1. D 2. B 3. B
单词形式
所有格添加方法
举例
不以s结尾的名词
加’s
that girl's cat那个女孩的外套
Mike's family迈克的家人
以 s 或 es结尾的(复数)名词
加’
Teachers’ Day教师节
the bys’ teacher这些男孩的老师
不以 s 结尾的复数名词
加’s
the children’s tys孩子们的玩具 Wmen's Day妇女节
两人或两人以上共有的
只需在最后一个名词后加’s即可
Tm and Mike's Chinese teacher 汤姆和迈克的中文老师
两人或两人以上各自拥有的
在每个名词后加’s
Tm's and Mike's Chinese teachers 汤姆和迈克(各自拥有的)的中文老师
思路点拨：例题主要考查名词所有格。
1.句意：这些是Tim和Tm的椅子。
考查名词所有格。此空修饰复数名词chairs，表示各自拥有，需要在每个人名后加’s，故选B。
2.句意：你妈妈最喜欢的颜色是什么？
考查名词所有格以及代词辨析。yur你的，形容词性物主代词；yurs你的，名词性物主代词。修饰名词mther，应用形容词性物主代词yur，排除C选项。修饰名词clur，应用名词所有格，故选B。
3.句意：——爸爸，这是比尔的排球吗？——不，他的在那个盒子里。
考查名词所有格和代词辨析。his他的；he他。第一空是作定语，需用Bill的所有格形式，排除AC项；第二空是指他的排球，应用名词性物主代词his，故选B。
答案1. B 2. B 3. B
注意：就近原则
There be句型中，几个名词并列时，be的单复数形式由最近名词单复数决定。如：
There are tw bys and a girl under the tree.
(tw bys 最靠近be动词)
There is a girl and tw bys under the tree.
(a girl 最靠近be动词)
思路点拨：例题考查There be句型中be动词的单、复数。在做题时，要注意根据主语的单、复数形式来确定 be动词的单、复数。
1.本题中的主语 sme water为不可数名词, 所以be动词应用is。另外, 要注意There be句型不能与 have 共用。
2.本题中的主语是a pencil and many pens。当句中有两个或更多的主语时, 谓语be动词要和最靠近它的主语保持一致，所以be 动词应用is。
答案 1. A 2. A
There be句型的否定：
★ 在be后面加nt即可，is nt =isn’t，are nt= aren’t
注意：句中如果出现sme则改成any.
思路点拨：例题主要考查There be句型否定句。
句意：冰箱里没有鸡蛋了。我需要买一些。
考查There be句型。are是，用于第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时；aren’t不是，用于第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时；haven’t没有；isn’t不是，be动词的三单形式。根据any 和“I need t buy sme.”可知，此处表示否定；there be句型中be动词的数遵循“就近原则”，eggs是名词复数，所以此处用aren’t。故选B。
思路点拨：例题主要考查There be 句型的一般疑问句。
句意：——老街附近有超市吗？——是的，有。我经常去那里购物。
考查there be句型的一般疑问句。根据“Is there a supermarket arund the ld street?”和“I ften g shpping there.”可知，此处为there be句型，且应进行肯定回答，be动词为is，其肯定回答结构为“Yes, there is.”。故选A。
答案 A
思路点拨：例题主要考查There be句型与have/has的区别。
句意：看，银行前面有很多餐馆。
考查There be句型。根据“ restaurants in frnt f the bank.”可知，银行前面有很多餐馆，需用there be句型，表示“某地有某物”。主语many restaurants是复数名词，be动词用are。故选D。
答案 D