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必修第一册 Unit 5-高考英语一轮复习重难词汇过关练(人教版2019)
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这是一份必修第一册 Unit 5-高考英语一轮复习重难词汇过关练(人教版2019),共9页。
billin / ˈbɪljən / n 十亿
native / ˈneɪtɪv /
adj 出生地的;本地的;土著的
n本地人
native language 母语,本族语
mther tngue 母语
be native t...原产于
attitude / ˈætɪtju:d ; NAmE 'ætitu:d/ n
态度;看法
attitude twards/t... : 对...的态度
have/take an attitude t/twards 对……持某种态度
a psitive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度
altitude n 海拔高度;高处
lngitude 经度
reference / ˈrefrəns / n
指称关系;参考
refer/rɪˈfɜ:(r) /
vi 提到;参考;查阅
vt 查询;叫……求助于
(referred,referred; referring)
refer t...: 指的是; 描述; 提到; 查阅
refer... t... 把……交给……(以求获得帮助)
refer : 将……称为 ……
a reference bk 参考书;工具书
system / ˈsɪstəm / n
体系;制度;系统
immune system 免疫系统
slar system 太阳系
systematic adj 有系统的;有计划的;有条理的
civilisatin [NAmE-izatin]
/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn /
n 文明;文明世界
despite / dɪˈspaɪt / prep 即使;尽管
in spite f =regardless f不顾;不管
ups and dwns 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
happiness and srrws 幸福和悲伤
factr / ˈfæktə(r)/ n 因素;要素
fact 事实
base /beɪs/
vt 以为据点;以为基础
n 底部;根据 ;基础
basic adj. 基础的;基本的;根本的 →basically adj. 基本上; 总的说来
be based n/upn: 以...为基础/根据
【联想词】base vt. 以……为据点/基础; 把(总部等)设在(常用于被动语态)
n. 底部;根据;基础
base .. n / upn... 以……为基础;以……为根据(被动形式be based n / upn...)
based /beist/ 以(某事)为基础的;
以……为重要部分(或特征)的
date back t 追溯到
= date frm...
注意:该结构不用于进行时,也不用于被动语态中,但可以用现在分词形式作定语。谈论现存的某物或建筑时,虽然其可能出现或建造于过去某一时期,但仍用一般现在时。
bne / bəʊn / n 骨头;骨(质 )
bny adj 骨瘦如柴的
shell /ʃel / n壳;壳状物
symbl / ˈsɪmbl / n 符号;象征
symblize v代表
symblize,represent,stand fr,indicate,emblem,symbl
carve / kɑ:v / vt & vi 雕刻
dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; ' dai-/ 王朝;朝代
variety /vəˈraɪətɪ/ n
(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
varius [ˈveərɪəs]: adj. 不同的; 各种各样的
→vary [ˈveəri] v. 改变,变化
a variety f =varieties f 各种各样的(后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,谓语动词的数根据其所修饰的名词判定)
fr varius reasn 由于种种原因
vary frm…t… 从…到…不等
majr / ˈmeɪdʒə(r) /
adj主要的;重要的;大的
n主修课程;主修学生
vi主修;专门研究
minrity n少数
n matter where, wh, what, etc
不论……;不管……
“n matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同:
①“n matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,这时可以和“疑问词+-ever”互换。
②“疑问词+-ever”可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。
③ whenever,wherever,hwever等只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。
dialect /'daɪəlekt/ n 地方话;方言
means /mi:nz/ n方式;方法;途径
by means f: 通过……;借助……
by this means: 通过这种方式;用这种方法
by n means: 决不 ;无论如何都不(放在句首时,句子要用部分倒装)
【用法拓展】
(1)means作主语且有every,each等表示单数意义的词对其进行修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
(2)means作主语且有all,several,many,few等表示复数意义的词对其进行修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
classic / ˈklæsɪk /
adj传统的;最优秀的;典型的
n 经典作品;名著
first class 一流的
wrking class 工人阶级
regard / rɪˈgɑ:d /
n 尊重;关注
vt 把 视为;看待
: 认为...是 = have/ treat/take
be regarded as... 被认为是……
character /'kærəktə(r)/ n
文字;符号;角色;品质;特点
calligraphy / kəˈlɪɡrəfi / n
书法;书法艺术
glbal /'gləʊbəl/ adj
全球的;全世界的
glbe n 球体;地球仪;地球
glbal warming 全球变暖
affair / əˈfeə(r) / n
公共事务[复数];事件;关系
appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt /
vt 欣赏;重视;感激;领会
vi 增值
appreciate ding...: 喜欢/感激做...
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd d sth. 如果你能做某事,我将不胜感激。
express ne’s appreciatin t sb. fr sth. 因某事表达对某人的感激之情
appreciate后接动名词而不可用不定式作宾语,且不能以“人”作宾语。
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj
特定的;明确的;具体的
special adj 特殊的,特别的
specialist n 专家;专业工作者
specialize vi 专攻;专门从事;专注于
specialize in = majr in 主修
struggle / ˈstrʌgl /
n 斗争;奋斗;努力;难事
vi 斗争;奋斗;搏斗;努力
struggle fr...: 为...而努力/拼搏/奋斗
struggle against/with 与……作斗争
struggle t d...: 努力做...
struggle t ne’s feet 挣扎着站起来
tngue / tʌŋ / n 舌头;语言
mther tngue = native language 母语
tngue twister 绕口令
accent 口音
pint f view观点;看法
frm ne’s pint f view: 依某人的观点/看法
in ne’s view: 依某人的观点/看法 = in ne’s pinin
semester / sɪˈmestə(r) / n学期
term 学期
gas /ɡæs/ n 汽油;气体;燃气
petrl /'petrəl/ n (NAmE gas ) 汽油
subway 'sʌbweɪ/n(BrEundergrund )
地铁
apartment /ə'pɑ:tmənt/ n
(especially NAmE)公寓套房(=flat)
pants / pænts / n [pl] (BrE )
beg /beg/ vt 恳求;祈求;哀求
beggar: n. 叫花子; 乞丐
beg t d...: 恳求/祈求去做某事
beg sb. t d...: 恳求某人做某事
beg (sb) fr sth: 恳求某人某物
equal /'i:kwəl /
n 同等的人;相等物
adj 相同的;同样的
vt 等于; 和……相等;比得上
equality n 平等
Every man is created equal 人生来平等。
gap /gæp/ n间隔;开口;差距
a gap year: 间隔年(常指中学毕业后上大学前所休的一年假期, 用于实习或旅游)
generatin gap 代沟
bridge the gap 缩小差距
demand/ dɪˈmɑ:nd /
n要求;需求
vt 强烈要求;需要
vi查问
in great demand 急需;非常需要
meet/satisfy ne’s demands: 满足需要
demand(f sb. ) t d...: 要求(某人)做某事
demand(...) + that 句子(shuld 结构): 要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
vcabulary
/ və'kæbjʊlərɪ ; NAmE –leri / n 词汇
descriptin /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n
描写(文字);形容
describe vt描述
subscribe vi 同意;捐赠;订阅vt (签署)文件;捐助
relate / rɪˈleɪt / vt 联系;讲述
relate t...: 与…相关; 涉及; 谈到
relate A t B 把A和B联系在一起
be related t 和……有关;和……有联系
重点单词短语默写篇
一、重点单词变形
1.reference n.指称关系;参考→ vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于
2.based adj.以(某事)为基础的→ vt.以……为基础 n.底部;根据→
n.基础→ adj.基础的
3.variety n.异体;多样化→ v.变化;不同→ adj.各种各样的
4.majr adj.主要的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修→ n.大多数
5.glbal adj.全球的;全世界的→ n.地球;地球仪
6.appreciate vt.欣赏;感激;领会→ n.感激;欣赏→ adj.感激的
7.beg vt.恳求;祈求→ n.乞丐
8.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的→ adv.平等地→
n.平等
9.demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要→ adj.要求高的
10.descriptin n.描写(文字);形容→ vt.描述
11.relate vt.联系;讲述→ adj.相关的→ n.关系→ n.关系
二、重点词组写一写
1.原产于某地_________________
2.指的是;描述;提到;查阅 _________________
3.尽管…_________________
4.以…为基础;_________________
5.追溯到 _________________
6.多种多样的;各种各样的_________________
7.主修…学科_________________
8.用...办法;借助... _________________
9.绝不,无论如何都不_________________
10.将…认为;把…视为_________________
三.重点单词短语练习篇
一、单句语法填空
1. (2021·天津卷)After __________ (struggle) fr quite a while, I made a difficult decisin—leaving my jb and studying my design curse full time.
2. (2021·天津卷)Everything that happens next during the prcedure must be __________ (relate) t this stry.
3. (2021·全国甲卷)Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the __________ (glbe) black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5 500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
4. Mst peple agree that there is a causeeffect __________ between besity and unhealthy eating.In ther wrds, yur health is __________ t what yu eat.(relate)
5. One f the majr prblems is that a __________ (majr) f the graduates wh majr in English find it difficult t find a gd jb.
6. All men are brn equal, s everyne hpes t be treated __________ because __________ is the basic demand.(equal)
7. It was a challenging and __________ (demand) jb, but anyhw we managed t handle it with jint effrts. Learning English well is ne f the __________ (demand) f mdern sciety and will d gd t ur future career.
8. There are __________ (vary) bks in the bkstre fr us t chse frm, like histry bks, science bks, __________ (refer) bks and s n.
9. As a matter f fact, wisdm and effrts are __________ (equal) imprtant fr success.
10. The psitin calls fr __________ (relate) experience in the field and gd skills at using cmputers.
11. Representing ur schl, I'm writing t cnvey ur __________ (appreciate) t yu fr the lecture cncerning bdy language yu gave us last week.
12. They have t have a __________ (base) understanding f cmputers in rder t use the technlgy.
13.The harder yu wrk, the __________ (great) prgress yu will make.
14. The church __________ (date) back t the 9th century is a symbl f traditinal culture.
15. The president demanded that the envirnment prblems referred t __________ (pay) attentin t.
16. The survivr f the disaster was walking in the street, __________ (beg) fr help.
17. It was a time __________ wmen were lked dwn upn and had n right t receive educatin.
18. The girl __________ (refer) t at the meeting was studying in a famus university, __________ (majr) in engineering.
二、短语填空
1. Despite the ___________________ in his life, Mr Brwn never stps learning new things.
2. Frm my ___________________, it is f great imprtance t pay attentin t the feelings f urselves.
3. As China ___________________ glbal affairs, it is f great imprtance fr us t have a gd knwledge f Chinese.
4. Accrding t the expert, the temple has a histry ___________________ the early Tang Dynasty.
5. As we all knw, ur success ___________________ cperating with thers.
三、熟词生义
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. _____________
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk.” he tld me. _____________
③(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)At the base is a rainfrest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way t lands f lw grwing plants. _____________
答案
核心单词变形
1.reference n.指称关系;参考→refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于
2.based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以……为基础 n.底部;根据→basis n.基础→basic adj.基础的
3.variety n.异体;多样化→vary v.变化;不同→varius adj.各种各样的
4.majr adj.主要的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修→majrity n.大多数
5.glbal adj.全球的;全世界的→glbe n.地球;地球仪
6.appreciate vt.欣赏;感激;领会→appreciatin n.感激;欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的
7.beg vt.恳求;祈求→beggar n.乞丐
8.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n.平等
9.demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要→demanding adj.要求高的
10.descriptin n.描写(文字);形容→describe vt.描述
11.relate vt.联系;讲述→related adj.相关的→relatin n.关系→relatinship n.关系
核心词组
be native t...
refer t
despite the fact that…
be based n/upn
date back t ... (= date frm…)
a variety f = varieties f = varius
majr in
by means f...
by n means
regard … as …
1.(2021·天津卷)After struggling (struggle) fr quite a while, I made a difficult decisin—leaving my jb and studying my design curse full time.
2. (2021·天津卷)Everything that happens next during the prcedure must be related (relate) t this stry.
3. (2021·全国甲卷)Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal (glbe) black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5 500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
4. Mst peple agree that there is a causeeffect relatin between besity and unhealthy eating.In ther wrds, yur health is related t what yu eat.(relate)
5. One f the majr prblems is that a majrity (majr) f the graduates wh majr in English find it difficult t find a gd jb.
6. All men are brn equal, s everyne hpes t be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)
7. ①It was a challenging and demanding (demand) jb, but anyhw we managed t handle it with jint effrts. Learning English well is ne f the demands (demand) f mdern sciety and will d gd t ur future career.
8. There are varius_ (vary) bks in the bkstre fr us t chse frm, like histry bks, science bks, reference (refer) bks and s n.
9. As a matter f fact, wisdm and effrts are equally (equal) imprtant fr success.
10. The psitin calls fr related (relate) experience in the field and gd skills at using cmputers.
11. Representing ur schl, I'm writing t cnvey ur appreciatin (appreciate) t yu fr the lecture cncerning bdy language yu gave us last week.
12. They have t have a basic (base) understanding f cmputers in rder t use the technlgy.
13.The harder yu wrk, the greater (great) prgress yu will make.
14. The church dating (date) back t the 9th century is a symbl f traditinal culture.
15. The president demanded that the envirnment prblems referred t (shuld)_be_paid (pay) attentin t.
16. The survivr f the disaster was walking in the street, begging_ (beg) fr help.
17. It was a time when_wmen were lked dwn upn and had n right t receive educatin.
18. The girl referred (refer) t at the meeting was studying in a famus university, majring (majr) in engineering.
二、短语填空
1. Despite the ups_and_dwns_in his life, Mr Brwn never stps learning new things.
2. Frm my_pint_f_view,_it is f great imprtance t pay attentin t the feelings f urselves.
3. As China plays_an_imprtant_rle_in glbal affairs, it is f great imprtance fr us t have a gd knwledge f Chinese.
4. Accrding t the expert, the temple has a histry dating_back_t the early Tang Dynasty.
5. As we all knw, ur success_is_based_n_cperating with thers.
三、熟词生义
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses.adj.明确的;具体的
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk.” he tld me.vt.珍惜
③(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)At the base is a rainfrest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way t lands f lw grwing plants.n.底部
ups and dwns date back t play an imprtant rle in be based n pint f view
ups and dwns date back t play an imprtant rle in be based n pint f view
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